Images of childhood and features of artistic psychologism in English and Swiss literature of the 18th-19th centuries
This paper explores the presence of a volcanic evolutionary process similiar to that posited by Henri Bergson in D.H. Lawrence's two novels set in Australia - Kangaroo and The Boy in the Bush. The paper also explores Lawrence's level of acquaintance with Bergson's ideas, and suggests why his familiarity may previously have been underestimated.
Under scientific Editor: N. L. Potanina Tambov: Publishing House of TSU named after. G.R. Derzhavina, 2012.
The collection presents scientific articles and reports reflecting a wide range of problems of modern Russian Dickensian studies: Dickens and the Victorian era, "Russian Dickens", what is new in Russian Dickensian studies, Dickens and problems of translation.
The article analyzes the phenomenon of Victorian text in English literature of the 20th century. This study poses target determine the nature of the intertextual dialogue between the Victorian text and works of English literature of the 1st half of the 20th century. Research material serve as the texts of “The Forsyte Saga” by J. Galsworthy and “The French Lieutenant’s Women” by J. Fowles. The choice of these works is due to the fact that they are recognized examples of the literature of realism and postmodernism, respectively, and allow us to compare approaches to the same material from the perspective of two main trends in the literature of the 20th and 21st centuries. As main research methods Contextual analysis and stylistic analysis are used, based on the principles of nomination. The article will first provide a brief overview of the typical features of Victorian literature, and then conduct a comparative analysis of the transformations of the Victorian text in “The Forsyte Saga” by J. Galsworthy and “The French Lieutenant’s Woman” by J. Fowles.
Literature review demonstrates that most researchers identify two main options for the intertextual dialogue of the neo-Victorian novel with the Victorian text: nostalgic stylization and interpretations or parody of the Victorian text. In order to determine which strategy is used by Galsworthy and Fowles, the authors of the article analyzed the form of the novel, the education of the selected works, their character system, the endings of the novels, narrative strategies and the setting of the novels. The analysis showed, that on the thematic and conceptual levels the works of both Galsworthy and Fowles show the greatest similarity to the traditional Victorian text. The greatest difference is manifested at the level of the character system and in the nature of the dialogic nature of the text. Galsworthy largely inherits the traditions of Victorian literature in terms of constructing the plot of the Forsyte Saga, chronological development of the narrative, and choice of location, but critically rethinks many basic Victorian values, which is reflected, in particular, in the choice of the ending of the trilogy. Fowles in The French Lieutenant's Woman adheres to the second strategy of playing with the reader and parodying the Victorian text. To do this, he stylizes or parodies recognizable elements of the Victorian text (the form of the novel of education, a happy ending, the setting), at the same time violating the basic principles of construction of the Victorian text (linearity of the narrative, authorial omniscience), which allows him to fill the chosen form of the Victorian novel with new existential content .
Logacheva V.K., Klyshinsky E. S., Galaktionov V. A. IPM im. M.V. Keldysh RAS. ::. IPM im. M.V. Keldysh RAS, 2012. No. 14.
The paper proposes a method for automatically generating rules for the transcription of proper names based on analysis of the training sample. The rule generation process is divided into two stages: the selection of simple (primary) rules and the generation of complex rules. A new alignment technique is used to isolate primary rules. To carry out transcription, it is proposed to convert the rules into a finite machine and carry out transcription using it.
Yablokova T. N. Philological sciences. Questions of theory and practice. 2011. No. 2. P. 191-196.
The article describes the patterns of implementation of emotional statements in dialogic and monologue speech. The author's main attention is paid to the characteristic features of the speech of a speaker who is in a state of emotional stress, and to the compositional and pragmatic features of dialogic and monologue text.
An insufficient number of study hours and limited knowledge of a second foreign language do not contribute to full-fledged professionally oriented learning. It is necessary to use only some components of professional training: reading and summarizing texts in the specialty, searching for professional information in its various sources, conducting personal and business correspondence. An important component of professional activity is the ability to analyze information presented in a graph, table or diagram. The need is dictated by the fact that this type of activity is part of the exam to obtain the Test DaF certificate, which gives the right to study or work in Germany.
The analysis of modern society, permeated by media, is carried out from the perspective of an ethnomethodological approach and represents an attempt to answer the cardinal question: what are the observed orderings of events broadcast by mass intermediaries. The study of rituals proceeds in two main directions: firstly, in the organizational and production system of media, focused on constant reproduction, which is based on the transmission model and the information/non-information distinction and, secondly, in the analysis of the perception of these messages by the audience, which is the implementation of a ritual or expressive model, the result of which is a shared experience. This means the ritual nature of modern media.
The book contains complete and comprehensive information on the history of Imperial Russia - from Peter the Great to Nicholas II. These two centuries became the era when the foundations of Russia's power were laid. But this same time also caused the fall of the empire in 1917. The text of the book, presented in the traditional manner of chronological presentation, includes fascinating inserts: “Characters”, “Legends and Rumors” and others.
Humanity is experiencing a change in cultural and historical eras, which is associated with the transformation of network media into the leading means of communication. The consequence of the “digital split” is changes in social divisions: along with the traditional “haves and have-nots”, the confrontation “online (connected) versus offline (unconnected)” arises. Under these conditions, traditional intergenerational differences lose their significance, and the decisive factor is belonging to one or another information culture, on the basis of which media generations are formed. The work analyzes the diverse consequences of networking: cognitive, arising from the use of “smart” things with a user-friendly interface, psychological, giving rise to networked individualism and the increasing privatization of communication, social, embodying the “paradox of the empty public sphere.” The role of computer games as “substitutes” for traditional socialization and education is shown, and the vicissitudes of knowledge losing its meaning are examined. In conditions of excess information, the scarcest human resource today is human attention. Therefore, new principles of doing business can be defined as attention management.
This scientific work uses the results obtained during the implementation of project No. 10-01-0009 “Media rituals”, implemented within the framework of the HSE Research Foundation Program in 2010-2012.
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The dictionary covers one century of one national literature and combines information and research tasks, which distinguishes it from many domestic and foreign reference books. The personal articles analyze the work of prose writers, poets, playwrights, as well as literary critics and philosophers, both well-known and those introduced for the first time into the scientific circulation of Russian literary criticism. Special articles are devoted to literary trends, groups and characteristics characteristic of the 20th century. genres, as well as literary critical periodicals, which significantly increases the number of represented writers and expands the panorama of literary life. Particular attention is paid to writers who came to English literature from former colonies. Articles are structured on the principle of complementarity with cross-references indicating personal contacts of writers, creative attractions/repulsions, and typological connections. The name index will help you find the right author. The dictionary takes into account the latest materials up to the turn of the 20th–21st centuries.
For philologists - specialists in foreign literature, teachers and students of philological faculties of universities, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in English literature of the 20th - early 21st centuries.
Reading books in English with children
Reading is one of the important skills in English, so it is important to practice it from the very first stages of learning. By reading books in English, it is possible to become familiar with a literary language that is more “correct” than spoken English.
Note: More details about how to learn to read in English can be found in the ““ section.
We offer a selection of colloquial expressions and vocabulary (words) in English that can be used in classes with children and adults learning English.
Note: To help adults who “do not know enough” English, there is a selection of dictionaries with transcription in the ““ section.
Vocabulary (words) in English on the topic “Books”
article- article;
author- author;
dook- book;
chapter- head;
cover— cover;
editor— editor;
editorial office— editorial staff;
epilogue— epilogue;
page- page;
picture— illustration;
front page- first page;
headline- title;
issue- publication;
reporter- narrator;
prologue— prologue;
publishers— publishing house;
title- Name;
volume- volume.
Colloquial expressions in English on the topic “Books”
Do you want me to read a bed-time story?- Do you want me to read a fairy tale?
I am going to read a new book.— I will read a new book.
How about a bedtime story?— How about an evening story before bed?
Why don’t you pick out a book to read?- Why don't you choose a book to read?
You can take a new book from the shelf.— You can take a new book from the shelf.
Do you want to choose a storybook for our story time?— Would you like to choose a book to read?
Don't turn the page.- Don't turn the page.
Let's turn the page. - Let's turn the page.
Let me slip a bookmark between the pages.- Let me put a bookmark between the pages.
Do you want me to read the rest of the story?- Do you want me to read the story to the end?
Do you like this picture?— Do you like this illustration?
Let's find out what happens next.- Let's find out what happened next.
I wonder what happens next.- I wonder what happened there next.
Useful verbs on the topic “Books and reading”
Note: You can read everything about English verbs in the material “ “
to skip- skip, scroll through;
to skim- read diagonally;
to look up- search, view;
to dip into- view superficially;
to browse- look through a book in a store, slowly choose;
to peruse- read carefully, thoroughly;
to refer to- refer to, refer to;
to wade through- reach the end, master;
to flip through- skim through, scroll through;
to read from cover to cover- read from cover to cover;
Genres of books in English
genre[ˈʒɑːnrə] – genre;
fairy tale- fairy tale;
fiction[ˈfɪkʃn] – fiction, fiction;
non-fiction– scientific literature, or works based on real events;
light fiction– easy “light” reading;
chick lit– books for women;
science fiction[ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn] – science fiction;
fantasy[ˈfæntəsi] – science fiction (fantasy);
business & finance[ˈbɪznəs ənd ˈfaɪnæns] – literature on business and finance;
politics[ˈpɑːlətɪks] – political literature;
travel books[ˈtrævl ˈbʊks] – books about travel;
autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfi] – autobiography;
history- story;
thriller / mystery[θrɪlər / ˈmɪstri] – thriller / mysticism;
romance / erotica– romance novel / erotica;
satire[ˈsætaɪər] – satire;
horror[ˈhɔːrər] – horrors;
religious/i inspirational– religious, literature for inspiration;
health /medicine– books on health topics, medical literature;
cookbooks[ˈkʊkˌbʊks] – cookbooks;
children's books[ˈtʃɪldrən bʊks] – books for children;
dictionary[ˈdɪkʃəneri] – dictionary;
encyclopedia[ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə] – encyclopedia;
series[ˈsɪriːz] – series of books like “Harry Potter”, “50 Shades of Grey”, etc.
anthology[ænˈθɑːlədʒi] – anthology (poetry, collections of short stories).
Names of types of books in English with translation
Let's start with what kind of books there are:
paper back books– paper (printed) books;
E-books/digital books– e-books that can be downloaded on the Internet or purchased in online stores.
almanac- calendar, almanac;
best seller- bestseller;
book- book;
booklet- booklet, brochure;
brochure- brochure;
comic book- comic book;
dictionary- dictionary;
encyclopedia- encyclopedia;
hardcover- hardcover book;
magazine- magazine;
novel- novel;
paperback- soft cover book;
periodical- periodical;
pamphlet- brochure, pamphlet, catalogue;
picture book- book with pictures;
reference book- reference book;
textbook- textbook.
Useful English Adjectives to Describe a Book
thrilling[θrɪlɪŋ] – exciting;
riveting[ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ] – exciting, attracting attention;
scary[ˈskeri] – frightening, creepy;
gripping[ɡrɪpɪŋ] – capturing attention, stunning;
easy to read[ˈiːzi tə riːd] – easy to read;
complex- complex;
brilliant[ˈbrɪliənt] – brilliant;
heartbreaking[ˈhɑːrtbreɪkɪŋ] – heartbreaking;
action-packed[ˈækʃn ˈpækt] – full of events;
predictable– predictable;
unpredictable[ʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl] – unpredictable;
boring– boring;
nonsensical– meaningless;
confusing– confused;
realistic– realistic;
erratic[ɪˈrætɪk] – inconsistent, strange;
absorbing[əbˈzɔːrbɪŋ] – fascinating.
- How to write and format correctly
- How to correctly write and format () in English
- in English
This article is dedicated to all reading lovers. We have already examined in detail the English word “ book” – how it is used and in what contexts it is used. But the words " book" And " read” is clearly not enough for the vocabulary of an actively reading person. So let's dive into this topic more deeply: let's look at the types and genres of books, basic “book” terms, synonyms of the verb toread, useful phrases and expressions for describing books.
Describing books in English
With the advent of digital technologies, books began to be divided into two types: ordinary paper ones, which in English are called paperbackbooks
, and e-books – digitalbooks or E-books. The question of which books are better, more enjoyable to read, more “real” and so on is one of the most pressing among reading enthusiasts. If you talk to a native English speaker about books, don't be surprised if they ask you: What type of books do you prefer reading? 
Fiction or non-fiction – what choose ?
Books are also divided into fiction and documentary: fiction and non-fiction
. By analogy with these words, a term such as “ lightfiction"-"easy" reading. In total, there are more than a dozen main book genres in fiction. genres:
Science fiction - sciencefiction
,
fantasy - fantasy
,
detectives - detectivebooks
,
thrillers - thrillers
,
satire - satire
.
Collections of stories or poetry are called anthologies - anthology
.
In English there is a special term for women's literature - chicklit: These are women's novels like Bridget Jones's Diary. 
Nonfiction literature can also be different: books on business and finance - Business & Financebooks , autobiography - autobiography, cookbooks - cook-books, encyclopedias - encyclopedias, dictionaries - dictionaries .
Books can be read in different ways.
Main verb – toread– describes the reading in general, without any specifications or details. You can add words to it aloud or toyourself- read aloud or silently. What if you want to emphasize that you read the book very carefully or, conversely, looked between the lines?
Here are some useful synonyms for the verb to read
:
to peruse or to scrutinize
- read carefully,
to scan or to skim (through /over )– quickly view,
to read through– read to the end.
When reading, it is important to be able to grasp the hidden meaning, the author’s message - to read between the lines
.
Very interesting, fascinating books that are difficult to put down are called in English page-turner. As a rule, in such books there are unexpected turns of events - plottwists or touching moments - tearjerkers. If you really liked an excerpt or phrase from a book, you can fold a corner on this page - such pages are called in English dog-eared pages because they look like dog ears.
