What is personal self-education - methods and methods of self-education. Personality and self-education Self-education literary examples

Our world has existed for millions of years. During this time, a lot has changed in him, but there is also something eternal that always remains. New people will be born who will go through a difficult life path. They have to solve problems, overcome obstacles, strive for excellence. Without self-development, a person cannot become a truly intelligent living being. You need to engage in spiritual development throughout your life, starting from primary school age, and heroes will come to your aid

The importance of self-education

People have always looked for ways to improve their own souls. In all centuries, this problem has been given special importance.

In the age of computer technology, when it is difficult to understand values, the problem of self-development is especially relevant. It is important for a person to find his place in life, resist negative influences, and identify his own moral values.

According to popular wisdom, “live and learn,” you can work on yourself throughout your entire life. Thanks to self-education, you can develop such personal qualities as courage, patience, self-confidence, and perseverance.

Works on self-education

Let's take a closer look at examples from the literature. Self-education is mentioned in the book by A.I. Kochetov “Educate yourself.” It talks about how you can find your own ideal, analyze your abilities, eliminate shortcomings, and learn to work on yourself. The author studied this problem for twenty-five years and developed his own theory. As a result, he determined the purpose, methods, techniques, tasks of self-education, and gave recommendations for the development of speech, memory, mind, and thinking.

Professor A.G. Kovalev also paid great attention to self-education. His work “The Personality Educates Himself” tells readers about methods of self-education. A book “Organization of self-education of schoolchildren” was created for teachers, recognized as a full-fledged manual for working in educational institutions. An excellent example of self-education from literature is Dale Carnegie’s book “How to Win Friends and Influence People.” Here you can find practical advice, real help in winning the respect and love of friends and loved ones. Currently, many psychologists, writers, and teachers are dealing with the problem of self-education.

"War and Peace" in self-improvement

Self-education in classical literature is a common phenomenon. For example, in the work of L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” it is shown how the system of own values is formed in the main character, Natasha Rostova. The author seems to demonstrate through her example that you can always find a way to change, to become sincere, kinder, smarter. Natasha, meeting different people, tries to find her own, borrow some qualities from others, challenge something, refuse something. Her literary image becomes an example of a certain value system, which readers can accept or reject.

Folk epics and fairy tales in self-development

An excellent example of self-education from fiction is Russian folk tales and epics. Their main characters strive for self-development and try to change themselves for the better. In fairy tales, good always triumphs over evil, which demonstrates the importance of developing the following qualities in oneself: kindness, compassion, decency, honesty. The patriotism of epic heroes is an excellent example for educating the younger generation.

Role models

Various examples of self-education are presented in the school curriculum. the child chooses himself after reading the work and making a qualitative analysis of it. Despite the fact that modern children pay less and less attention to reading, literature lessons involve the analysis of classical Russian works. It is in this process that schoolchildren form their own attitude towards the main characters, their personal qualities, and the desire to imitate their behavior. In pedagogy, there is such a term as “education by example.” One of its authors was the Polish teacher Jan Kamensky. He argued that classical works are a real treasury that can be used for self-improvement.

Dostoevsky and self-development

Let us give specific examples from the literature. Self-education is a theme that can be seen in the works of Dostoevsky. The main character of Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov, feels real remorse for having committed such a terrible crime. Throughout the novel, he seeks the strength within himself to change and improve himself. The Raskolnikov who appears before readers in the epilogue is a completely different person, with a new system of values. There are other examples from the literature in which self-education is seen as a necessity. As such an example, we can mention the work of A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”.

Modern literature

Let's consider such an issue as self-education. In literature, examples of heroes who were looking for their path in life are presented not only in the classics. Modern authors do not ignore the problem of the development of human values; in their own way they try to explain to the reader how to defeat evil. In her adventure books, for example, A. Marinina pays attention to the self-improvement of her heroes.

Examples from literature, in which the self-education of the heroes can be traced in the storyline, are included in the school curriculum: “Destruction”, “War and Peace”, “Crime and Punishment”, “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night”. These works were written at different times, but the relevance of the problems considered in these works is not lost. In all centuries, self-education in literary works has been a common occurrence. Even ancient philosophers paid attention to this problem. They noted the importance of a wise mentor, who should be a model for the younger generation by his example. Nowadays, unfortunately, respect for elders has been lost; teenagers trust the World Wide Web more than their parents. They try to imitate the main characters of virtual computer games, and not the characters of classical Russian works by Tolstoy, Pushkin, Lermontov.

Features of primary school age

At this age, children are not capable of independent choice, they tend to become dependent, so you need to choose the right literary sources. K. D. Ushinsky noted that “whoever imitates does not obey, but does what he wants.” At this time, imitation comes to the fore. If the teacher and parents can find the “right” character, self-education will begin. Examples from the literature will help explain to the child the rules of behavior in society and show the importance of working on oneself. Jean-Paul Sartre (French philosopher) said that “man is what he does.” Moral self-improvement has been a pressing problem in all historical eras.

S. Lvov developed his own formula for self-education, which still works today. If we consider a topic such as self-education, examples in the literature can be found in large numbers. Demosthenes, who became an orphan, was disinherited, had a quiet voice, lisped, was clumsy, awkward in actions. But he managed to overcome all his shortcomings and turn into a brilliant political speaker. This example demonstrates that a person is able to influence his destiny, resist life’s circumstances, working on himself.

The mechanism of self-education from Leo Tolstoy

After birth, a person acquires certain qualities: habits, manners, behavioral skills, that is, personality formation occurs. At this time, a process such as self-education is important. In literature, examples of heroes’ self-improvement can be found all over the place. The Russian commander Alexander Suvorov had poor health, a modest family estate, and could only consider the title of state councilor as a prospect. But, working on himself, the sick Sashenka turned into the greatest commander who was responsible for the fate of great Russia. In his diary, L.N. Tolstoy himself noted the importance of self-education in literature. The examples he mentioned primarily concern the writer himself. In his youth, Lev Nikolaevich wrote in his diary, noting his shortcomings and thinking about ways to work on himself. He managed to overcome such shortcomings as vanity, laziness, and passion for playing cards. Tolstoy's whole life is an excellent example of moral development and improvement. He became a real humanist writer who believes in man, his inner strength and capabilities.

Personality can be judged by certain characteristics, such as:

The formation of certain social qualities (this includes dignity, responsibility, firmness of convictions, social activity, individuality).
The level of mental development that allows you to manage your activities and behavior.

Material for self-development

At this time, enough information has been accumulated to carry out self-education. It’s easy to find examples in literature; you just need to open the books of Russian classics. Psychologists are convinced that it is in early childhood that it is necessary to teach children self-development. The new federal educational standards being introduced in Russian schools imply self-education. Examples suitable for schools are easy to find in the literature. By opening any book and carefully studying the storyline, you can see how the character becomes formed, develops, and changes in life priorities depending on the situation in which he finds himself. Understanding the seriousness of the problem, teachers and psychologists are trying to find the optimal version of the program so that self-education is present in works of literature. Examples of characters should become guidelines for children to work on themselves, awaken in them the desire to become better, more interesting, and more tolerant of other people.

Conclusion

Self-improvement has a certain mechanism. First, a person must choose the goals of life, select ideals, taking into account the norms of social behavior. Next, preparation for life in modern society is carried out, the ability of collective coexistence is formed. Psychologists are convinced that contradictions are important for self-development. In addition to positive characters, the teacher should consider negative characters in the classroom and study their negative qualities together with the children. In the book “Organization of Self-Education of Schoolchildren,” A.I. Kochetov mentions that any personality is contradictory; periods of decline, conflicts, and clashes constantly occur in its inner world. But without these processes, the child has no chance of self-development and improvement of his personal qualities. There are five “musts” that help a child begin self-education. Examples include helping elders, conscientiously carrying out teachers’ orders, putting collective interests above personal interests, being honest and conscientious.

(49 words) In the work of A.S. Pushkin Evgeny Onegin paid great attention to reading books, also making notes in them. We can say that partly thanks to educational literature, he formed his personality and cultivated certain qualities in himself: “He scolded Homer and Theocritus, but he read Adam Smith and was a deep economist...” This is self-education.
(51 words) In Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor,” Mrs. Prostakova spends a lot of money on her son’s education, but Mitrofanushka remains a poorly educated and ignorant young man. The reason is that the hero himself did not educate himself, unlike the virtuous Sophia, who exercised her mind and maintained spiritual purity. Her example serves as an answer to the question posed.
(51 words) In Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog,” the professor understood the meaning of self-education when he decided to stop the main experiment in his life - to turn Sharikov back into a dog. He realized that a creature becomes human only when it educates itself and strives for the best. His creation only echoed the will of others and did not think about personal growth.
(44 words) In Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man,” Andrei Sokolov brought up a real hero in himself. Both at the front and in captivity, he did not become bitter and did not betray his fatherland, but retained the best human traits in himself thanks to discipline, fortitude and integrity. All these traits are the result of self-education.
(45 words) In Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” the hero did not have time to go through the school of life, but was already under threat of death. He educated himself under bullets and in the trenches. An ordinary boy developed valor, courage, patriotism and selflessness. Such heroic work on oneself can be safely called “self-education.”
(47 words) In Ilyina’s book “The Fourth Height,” the heroine conquered heights all her life thanks to the fact that she was able to cultivate courage, determination and willpower. As a nurse at the front, she achieved the ultimate heights: she sacrificed herself, but saved dozens of soldiers. This feat became possible because Gulya prepared herself for this.
(61 words) In Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” the main character during the war learned to overcome difficulties and faithfully serve the fatherland. He cultivated an iron will in his thin and weak body, therefore, being sick, he volunteered to go get provisions for the detachment. Because of such regular training, his character really stood the test of strength: Sotnikov, unlike Rybak, did not betray his homeland, but went to martyrdom for its sake.
(58 words) In the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" Lopakhin's father was a serf to Ranevskaya's father. According to the hero’s recollections, he drank a lot and did not teach his son anything. But even without support, Lopakhin managed to break out among the people and become a symbol of the new generation thanks to self-education. He saved money, studied the merchant business, denied himself many things, while the landowners went bankrupt, living on everything they had.
(54 words) In Griboyedov’s play “Woe from Wit,” Chatsky cultivated his character in an original way and away from Famus society. He studied diligently, sparing no effort to obtain a foreign education. As a result, his advanced ideas were ahead of their time and were not accepted, but he was firm in his convictions and defended them to the end. His strength of thought and will is the result of self-education.
(51 words) Bazarov from the novel by I.S. Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons” says: “Every person must educate himself.” By this statement he means that the individual must develop his own ideals and values and strive for them. Bazarov became a nihilist, but we have no right to condemn him, because self-education through the choice of worldview is everyone’s personal matter.

Examples from life, cinema, media

(51 words) Self-education is the ability not to give up. The main character of the film Whiplash by Damien Chazelle had a dream to become a great musician. On his way he came across a cruel maestro, whose goal was to reveal the talent of his students through psychological stress, to give them a chance to achieve true greatness. Despite all the difficulties, the hero does not give up, performing an impromptu solo and winning public recognition.
(59 words) Self-education is confidence in a goal, dedication and effort expended to realize a dream. The famous figure skater Alina Zagitova had to leave for Moscow without her parents when she was just a child in order to build a sports career. She admits that living alone is very difficult, but she sets herself up only for victories, believing that this will benefit not only her, but also her family.
(57 words) The ability to say “no” to laziness is one of the main conditions for self-education. Waking up at six in the morning to go for a run, which is obviously healthy, is quite difficult. Every day I wake up, imagining the final result, and I understand that it can only be achieved through work. It makes me jump out of bed, grab my sneakers and run to the park.
(54 words) The hero from the parable about the hunter and Buddha understood that killing innocent animals is wrong. In order to correct himself, he went to the Buddha, who forced the hunter to give him three vows. He agreed. No matter how much he wanted to break his oath to Buddha, the man managed to survive. Self-education is the ability to get rid of your vice.
(49 words) The hero of John Avildsen’s film “Rocky” of the same name, having received a chance to become a world boxing champion, was not afraid of responsibility, but began intensive training. For the sake of the goal, every day he set himself up for victory and made incredible efforts. Despite the fact that he lost the final battle, this did not stop him from continuing to do what he loved.
(47 words) All films of the Marvel and DC television companies about superheroes tell the story of their formation. For example, Batman overcame his childhood fear (his parents died at the hands of a criminal) and began the fight against crime. All his exploits are the consequences of daily self-education. He trained and studied every day to fight crime on his own.
(45 words) Famous public figure Nick Vulich was born without vital limbs. In his youth, he even wanted to commit suicide because he did not see a future for himself. However, having rethought his fate, Nick cultivated fortitude and indomitable optimism. Now he is a successful man and a happy family man.
(46 words) Canadian snowboarder Mark McMorris has been seriously injured several times in his life. However, he returned to the slopes again and again, saying that snowboarding is something he must continue to do, it is his habit and his future. Thus, self-education is the key that helps to overcome life's difficulties.
(66 words) I believe that self-education is the main triumph of life. Victory over yourself. It’s not for nothing that the 33rd President of the United States, Harry Truman, said that with victory over oneself, all other victories will come. Behind every success there is a tremendous amount of work. For example, inventor and billionaire Elon Musk was abused at school as a child, but he persevered and developed the willpower, thanks to which he became one of the most progressive people in the world.
(41 words) In H. Jackman’s film “The Greatest Showman,” the main character was poor, but persistent and smart. Thanks to self-education, from a poor boy he became a rich and famous man who achieved everything on his own. This story is based on real events and serves as a good example for motivation.

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Self-education as a personality quality is the ability to educationally work on oneself, to form one’s personality in accordance with one’s goals.

One day a small gap appeared in the cocoon, and a person passing by stood for long hours and watched a butterfly try to exit through this small gap. A lot of time passed, the butterfly seemed to give up its efforts, and the gap remained just as small. It seemed that the butterfly had done everything it could, and that it had no more strength for anything else.

Then the man decided to help the butterfly, he took a penknife and cut the cocoon. The butterfly immediately came out. But her body was weak and feeble, her wings were transparent and barely moved. The man continued to watch, thinking that the butterfly’s wings were about to straighten and get stronger and it would fly away. Nothing happened! For the rest of its life, the butterfly dragged its weak body and its unstretched wings along the ground. She was never able to fly. And all because the person, wanting to help her, did not understand that the butterfly needs effort to exit through the narrow gap of the cocoon, so that the fluid from the body passes into the wings and so that the butterfly can fly. Life made it difficult for the butterfly to leave this shell so that it could grow and develop.

Also in education. A person without self-education and his own accumulated experience will not be able to become a mature, holistic person. A person will not develop harmoniously if the process of self-education is not provided with the most favorable conditions. The great critic Vissarion Belinsky wrote: “No person in the world is born ready, that is, fully formed, but his every life is nothing more than a continuously moving development, a ceaseless formation.”

The great advantage of self-education is that it can be done at any age. For example, an elderly person feels that he has become too irritable. Naturally, he asks himself the question, how to deal with irritability? There is no need to fight anything. You need to self-cultivate balance, goodwill, restraint, cordiality, in a word, virtuous personality traits that will calmly displace irritability from the manifested personality traits and drive it into the deep underground of the subconscious.

Examples of self-education:

“And I never pulled girls’ pigtails at school, because once in the village I pulled a horse’s tail...

— A precocious child brought the book “Care and Raising Children” from the library. “My God, what are you going to do with this book?” - exclaimed the amazed mother. - Like what? - answered the little sage - I want to see if you are raising me correctly.

Self-education is a strong help in improving the personality, in its spiritual growth and approaching God. Self-education is the destiny of a conscious person who consciously directs his efforts to cultivate positive personality traits and, thereby, eradicate vices. It presupposes determination, perseverance and perseverance, self-criticism and self-discipline, self-control and self-discipline.

Self-education begins with self-esteem. A person must clearly diagnose in himself what he needs to work on, understand exactly what virtues need to be raised from his knees and, at the same time, colonize the shortcomings. By comparing himself with others, analyzing his pretension and ambition, a person correctly formulates the goals of self-education. He does not wait, like the heroes of a famous fairy tale, for someone to give him a brave heart or wisdom; he himself begins a “journey of a thousand miles” for the virtuous qualities of a person.

Psychologists believe that adequate self-esteem allows one to correctly formulate the goals of self-education. It is formulated in cases where the subject reveals an opinion about himself and his actions from people with whom he comes into contact in the family, at an educational institution, or on vacation; critically compares himself with others. If the result of these contacts is low self-esteem, the person begins to find insurmountable obstacles in every task. He loses self-confidence. It becomes more difficult for him to work, more difficult to contact colleagues, to establish contacts with people. When working with such subordinates, it is worth remembering the advice of V. Goethe. He said that by communicating with our neighbors as they deserve, we only make them worse. By communicating with them as if they are better than what they really are, we force them to become better. Therefore, it is advisable to advance many people with praise. Low self-esteem of the leader himself directly affects his attitude towards his subordinates. A leader with low self-esteem is often unfair to subordinates whom he considers luckier and smarter than himself. As a rule, he is suspicious and has a negative attitude towards those who, as it seems to him, do not love or respect him. He strives for an autocratic management style and the establishment of strict discipline. He believes that every subordinate is trying to deceive him, to laugh at him behind his back, and from here comes suspicion and disbelief in the honesty of his colleagues.

Inflated self-esteem alienates the manager from his subordinates and interferes with the establishment of normal business contacts. Somewhat inflated self-esteem, if it does not lead to selfishness and arrogance, is not terrible. It definitely contributes to achieving success in any type of activity. When developing an objective self-assessment, it is necessary to take into account the environment in which this work is carried out. In the experiment, students gave themselves a grade for each of the qualities specified by the experimenter. An elegant, impeccably dressed, clean-shaven man walked into the room with an expensive briefcase in his hands. The subjects' assessment of their appearance decreased. But when a citizen entered the room carelessly, sloppily dressed, wearing unclean shoes and unironed trousers, self-esteem for these indicators became significantly higher.

Self-education adequately assesses one’s abilities, individual characteristics and, having weighed one’s resource base, begins personal self-development. The integral attributes of self-education are self-analysis of personal development, self-report, self-control and self-discipline. Self-education techniques, according to psychologists, include self-commitment (voluntarily setting oneself conscious goals and objectives for self-improvement, the decision to develop certain qualities in oneself); self-report (a retrospective look at the path traveled over a certain time); understanding one’s own activities and behavior (identifying the reasons for successes and failures); self-control (the ability not to immerse yourself in sensory pleasure more than necessary, to reject everything that deviates from the path of self-awareness, to turn inward, to realize and evaluate one’s own actions, mental processes and states).

Self-education methods include:

– self-knowledge;

– self-control;

– self-stimulation.

Self-knowledge includes: introspection, introspection, self-evaluation, self-comparison. Self-control is based on: self-persuasion, self-control, self-order, self-hypnosis, self-reinforcement, self-confession, self-compulsion. Self-stimulation involves: self-affirmation, self-encouragement, self-encouragement, self-punishment, self-restraint.

Petr Kovalev 2014

The importance of self-education

People have always looked for ways to improve their own souls. In all centuries, this problem has been given special importance.

Works on self-education

"War and Peace" in self-improvement

Self-education in classical literature is a common phenomenon. For example, in the work of L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” it is shown how the system of own values is formed in the main character, Natasha Rostova. The author seems to demonstrate through her example that you can always find a way to change, to become sincere, kinder, smarter. Natasha, meeting different people, tries to find her own path in life, borrow some qualities from others, challenge something, give up something. Her literary image becomes an example of a certain value system, which readers can accept or reject.

Folk epics and fairy tales in self-development

Role models

Various examples of self-education in classical literature are presented in the school curriculum. The child chooses a role model himself after reading the work and making a qualitative analysis of it. Despite the fact that modern children pay less and less attention to reading, literature lessons involve the analysis of classical Russian works. It is in this process that schoolchildren form their own attitude towards the main characters, their personal qualities, and the desire to imitate their behavior. In pedagogy, there is such a term as “education by example.” One of its authors was the Polish teacher Jan Kamensky. He argued that classical works are a real treasury that can be used for self-improvement.

Dostoevsky and self-development

Modern literature

Examples from literature, in which the self-education of the heroes can be traced in the storyline, are included in the school curriculum: “Destruction”, “War and Peace”, “Crime and Punishment”, “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night”. These works were written at different times, but the relevance of the problems considered in these works is not lost. In all centuries, self-education in literary works has been a common occurrence. Even ancient philosophers paid attention to this problem. They noted the importance of a wise mentor, who should, by his example, his life principles, be a model for the younger generation. Nowadays, unfortunately, respect for elders has been lost; teenagers trust the World Wide Web more than their parents. They try to imitate the main characters of virtual computer games, and not the characters of classical Russian works by Tolstoy, Pushkin, Lermontov.

Features of primary school age

S. Lvov developed his own formula for self-education, which still works today. If we consider a topic such as self-education, examples in the literature can be found in large numbers. The ancient Greek orator Demosthenes, who became an orphan, was disinherited, had a quiet voice, lisped, was clumsy, awkward in actions. But he managed to overcome all his shortcomings and turn into a brilliant political speaker. This example demonstrates that a person is able to influence his destiny, resist life’s circumstances, working on himself.

The mechanism of self-education from Leo Tolstoy

Personality can be judged by certain characteristics, such as:

The formation of certain social qualities (this includes dignity, responsibility, firmness of convictions, social activity, individuality).
The level of mental development that allows you to manage your activities and behavior.

Material for self-development

Conclusion

Self-improvement has a certain mechanism. First, a person must choose the goals of life, select ideals, taking into account the norms of social behavior. Next, preparation for life in modern society is carried out, the ability of collective coexistence is formed. Psychologists are convinced that contradictions are important for self-development. In addition to positive characters, the teacher should consider negative characters in the classroom and study their negative qualities together with the children. In the book “Organization of Self-Education of Schoolchildren,” A.I. Kochetov mentions that any personality is contradictory; periods of decline, conflicts, and clashes constantly occur in its inner world. But without these processes, the child has no chance of self-development and improvement of his personal qualities. There are five “musts” that help a child begin self-education. Examples from literature teach us to help elders, conscientiously carry out teachers’ orders, put collective interests above personal interests, and be honest and conscientious.

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Self-development

In body psychotherapy, special attention is paid to working with voice and breathing. Deep breathing restores contact between consciousness and feelings, consciousness and bodily sensations. (Therapy for joylessness. Bringing joy back into your life. Secrets of health and longevity. Working with breathing.) What does working with the voice give us? The first is the removal of throat and jaw clamps, which arise in early childhood.

The lower jaw serves as a kind of locking mechanism that does not allow anything from the outside to penetrate inside us. Initially, a jaw clamp is formed as a result of resistance to force feeding or eating unwanted food.

In everyday life, each of us often encounters situations when we need to be focused on one thing. Usually it is very easy to distract a person and get him out of this state. Therefore, such concentration does not last long, fatigue quickly sets in.

The thoughts of most people are uncontrollable horses that gallop on their own, now stopping, now rising in the gallop of memories. As a result of such an uncontrollable state of mind, it is difficult for a person to concentrate on one thing, his thoughts constantly run away somewhere. As a result, a person cannot deeply understand the essence of what is happening and find the right solution to the problems that he sets for himself.

To begin with, I would like to quote an excerpt from the novel “12 Chairs” by Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov.

The brilliant hussar, Count Alexei Bulanov, as Bender correctly reported, was truly a hero of aristocratic Petersburg. The name of the magnificent cavalryman and reveler never left the mouths of the prim inhabitants of the palaces along the Promenade des Anglais and from the gossip columns.<...>Count Bulanov gained fame as a participant in many secret duels that had a fatal outcome, obvious romances with the most beautiful, unapproachable ladies of the world, and crazy pranks against respected persons in society.

Stephen King "How to Write Books" I love to write. I've had this since childhood. Read and write. Write and read :-). At first glance, it may seem that Stephen King's book "How to Write Books" is of interest only to writers or those who are planning to become one. I thought so too, until I read the book itself. Yes, there are chapters dedicated exclusively to writing techniques, but there are not many of them and you can skip this part if you wish. Most of the book consists of autobiographical moments from the writer’s life and his reflections on the topic of creativity and more.

Here are some excerpts from Stephen King's How to Write Books that I particularly enjoyed and that I hope will make you want to buy (or at least download) and read the entire book.

You can spend your time in different ways. “Save up the time that was previously taken from you and stolen. Some of our time is taken from us by force, some is stolen, some is wasted. But the most shameful thing of all is the loss of time due to our own negligence.” (Seneca).

And immediately a little historical background. Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c. 4 BC - 65 AD) - Roman philosopher and writer. Mentor, then advisor to Emperor Nero. He was subsequently accused of plotting against Nero and committed suicide. He was the most prominent representative of Roman Stoicism. Seneca expressed his views in “Moral Letters to Lucilius”, “Questions of Natural Science”, etc. He is also the author of nine tragedies. Seneca's philosophical writings subsequently influenced the memoir-moralistic genre, and his tragedies influenced William Shakespeare and the playwrights of French classicism.

“Why don’t you... - Yes, but...” (PBVDN). Example one. The psychological game “Why don’t you... - Yes, but...” (PBVDN) is one of the most popular methods of psychological vampirism in everyday life. And here is a clear example from life. Recently a young girl came to my classes. We talked about choosing a future profession. I want to immediately note that the girl is very bright, beautiful and artistic. She started a conversation on this topic:

You know, I love the theater. I love performing on stage. I dance and participate in school amateur performances.

You can read about the 4 levels of beliefs (basic, genetic, historical and soul level), how to test the presence of beliefs in the subconscious through a muscle test and where negative beliefs come from in the publication Negative attitudes about personal life, men and family.

Sometimes I get asked the question: “Why work on your beliefs at all? And what is a negative belief?” Belief is the mental acceptance of something as truth. Understanding that emotions, feelings and thoughts directly affect our physical health is very important. Every thought, every emotion, idea or belief has its own neurochemical consequences. We can confidently say that our thoughts, words, emotions and physical body are in a complex synergistic connection. Any human thought is an electromagnetic wave that transmits a message to neuropeptides, which, in turn, are shot into the central nervous system so that our body can react in a certain way.

An incident forced me to ask myself this question. One of my friends’ birthday was approaching. We created a group on VK with friends and started discussing the gift. Or rather, I started discussing it. And with herself. There was no response at all. It became amazing. Why is that? Why? After all, he did a lot of good not only to me. A good person, a good friend and everyone is silent. Why?

I won’t go into details about choosing a gift. In the end they congratulated us. Everything ended well. Ask yourself: “To lie or not to lie?” It was forced by the fact that already when the gift was chosen and purchased, one of my friends wrote: “Sorry for not taking part in the discussion. There was no Internet.” And then I thought about how often we lie and why we do it.

Goals of self-development and personal growth

There is absolutely no doubt that many people are interested in the topic of self-development and personal growth. Most, of course, understand why this is needed. However, there are people who do not clearly understand the goals of these processes, even when involved in them, not to mention those who are not interested in such things at all. In fact, developing your potential is of great importance in everyday life and can offer significant benefits to every person. Let’s understand the peculiarities of the process of a person’s development of his personality and answer the questions: why is this necessary at all and what does it give?

To begin with, it’s worth clarifying what self-development and personal growth are.

Self-development is a process conscious and carried out by a person without the assistance of any external forces, aimed at developing his potential and realizing himself as an individual. Self-development always implies the presence of clear goals, certain beliefs and attitudes.

Personal growth is, firstly, a psychological concept used by various branches of psychology. And secondly, the process of nurturing a person’s special qualities of his personality and increasing the level of his personal effectiveness and productivity in order to increase personal potential and achieve a higher life result in all its manifestations.

The concepts of “self-development” and “personal growth” can be considered identical to each other, because they, by and large, pursue the same goals. But such goals as increasing potential, developing qualities, etc. look quite abstract to serve as a worthy definition of why a person needs to self-develop and grow personally. Let's try to specify them.

So, the main goals of self-development and personal growth, as a rule, are:

Development of awareness - in our time of rapidly developing technologies and automation, a person himself is increasingly becoming reminiscent of an automated mechanism. Any actions he performs can be safely called mechanical. Starting from getting up in the morning, getting ready for work and traveling in transport, and ending with the working day itself, returning home, watching TV and going to bed. Naturally, this does not apply to all people and we do not “cut everyone with the same brush,” but if you look at most people, you can see exactly this picture. People live unconsciously, do not observe themselves, their actions, their way of acting and thinking - this is much more comfortable and familiar than starting to track down all their manifestations and leading the most conscious life possible. But this turns people into robots of the system. If a person begins to think about this and, so to speak, become aware of it, he automatically takes the path of self-development. And vice versa, if a person begins to engage in his personal growth, his life gradually begins to become more conscious, and he himself begins to change, becoming somewhat different than he was before, drawing certain conclusions, looking at himself from the outside, determining his strengths and weaknesses and starting to exert an intentional influence on some (or even all) facets of one’s personality.

Correspondence to the times - and again we are talking about the modern rhythm of life and, mainly, about the development of technology. Everything changes. What was familiar to us yesterday is now becoming irrelevant, outdated, and less effective. A person must correspond to the so-called modality of time. And, first of all, you owe it to yourself. New inventions, discoveries, methods, practices, theories and rules require us to be as mobile and alert as possible. Otherwise, we simply will not be able to function effectively in the modern world, we will get confused in changes, lose our grip; our knowledge and skills will become outdated and become unclaimed, and will immediately be replaced by someone who is more adapted to modern conditions. Self-development allows you to avoid all this, keep up with the times, be on the same level even with young specialists, if we are talking about the professional field of activity, be aware of all new trends and fashion trends, etc. Of course, it is not necessary to accept everything new with open arms and become its ardent supporter, but a person must know about it, which is facilitated by actively engaging in personal development.

Knowing a little about everything - you can be a narrow specialist and professional in one area and know nothing about others. This is, of course, good, but it is an indicator of one-sided thinking and inattention to oneself. It is much better if a person strives for diversified development. This means that in addition to his professional field or range of interests, he has at least a superficial understanding of other areas of life. For example, you can be an experienced programmer and keep abreast of all computer innovations, but this does not prevent you from knowing some interesting facts about world wars, from the history of various states, about the structure of the solar system, etc. This is just an example, but, you see, it makes life somehow more interesting. It is impossible and not necessary to know absolutely everything, but if a person is not only a professional in his field, but also knows a little about everything, this speaks of his broad outlook, developed intelligence, interest in his development - this is self-development and personal growth. In addition, thanks to this, you can easily support any conversation, interest your interlocutor, make useful contacts and do much more, including improving the quality of your life.

In addition, people engaged in self-development are much more likely to achieve their life goals and, most importantly, clearly understand both them and their purpose. All personal resources, such as health, time, abilities, knowledge, skills and abilities - all this is not wasted, but is invested in some activity and can produce great results. Last but not least is the issue of health and physical development. It’s not for nothing that there is a saying: “A healthy mind in a healthy body.” A person engaged in self-development, even if he no longer leads a 100% healthy lifestyle, then at least thinks about it and strives to minimize the harmful effects of various destructive factors on his health, for example, gets rid of bad habits, runs in the morning, perhaps adheres to some special concept of nutrition, etc.

It should also be said that a person engaged in self-development masters, among other things, a number of very useful skills in life, namely: the basics of time management and time management, studies the basics of planning, and also learns to set goals, think through their achievement and, ultimately achieve. The fact is that a person who cares about his comprehensive development automatically comes to know many different sources of different knowledge: books, audio and video materials, seminars, trainings, courses, Internet resources and, of course, interesting and developed personalities. By the way, meeting and communicating with new people is another advantage of self-development. This may well not be the goal, but when a person begins to develop, he begins to “grow out” from the circle of those with whom he communicated before. As a result, there is a need for new people. And in many cases it is realized spontaneously, because a person with a certain level of development begins to attract people with the same level or exceeding it, and is also attracted to them.

And the last thing I would like to touch upon is that personal growth not only stimulates the development of a person’s potential, but also contributes to the harmonization of his life, in general. A developing person, along with the fact that he learns a lot of information that allows him to improve his, so to speak, external life, ennobles and enriches his inner and spiritual world, feeds it with all kinds of knowledge about any spiritual aspects of life, teachings and practices. He begins to look at the world with completely different eyes, to see in it what he has not seen before, to notice what others do not notice, to appreciate every moment he lives, his family, loved ones, and friends more. As a result, his whole life becomes more harmonious, bright, fulfilling and happy.

Based on all this, we can conclude that self-development should be practiced by anyone and everyone who wants to become their “best self”, maximize their intellectual, spiritual, creative and personal potential, as well as change their life or simply make it better.

Develop, friends, grow as individuals and improve yourself! Take the first real step towards yourself and, believe me, then you simply won’t be able to stop.

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You need to plan not only things for every day or great milestones in your life. You also need to have a clear self-development program so that there is no chaos in your life. And your personality change should match your aspirations and goals.

In your personal program, you must definitely include the processing of those qualities and skills that you need to achieve your goals. Any person, first of all, acquires the necessary tools, and then begins to master some kind of skill. And his training consists of a series of successive steps in the gradual development of a skill.

How is your life different from your work environment? Is it just because they pay money for work, and you develop for yourself. People turn into workaholics because there is never enough money. Their work drains all their strength and energy, and fatigue becomes a constant companion of life. They have no time to think about personal growth and self-development. They would like to get some sleep at least someday.

But even in the process of self-development there is a payment, only an invisible one. And the highest currency here is your Happiness. We develop in order to live happily. Is it really worth less than any currency?

What does Mission mean?

Moreover, working on yourself does not require much time. You just need to do something regularly. It’s much more difficult to take action. Although this is not so difficult to do if a person understands his Purpose or Mission on Earth. When he realizes this, then all he can do is follow this path.

Mission is a very lofty concept that reflects the purpose for which man appeared on Earth. Sometimes it takes not even years, but decades to find it.

But there are two points that can bring a person closer to realizing his Mission.

First, purpose is always related to what you like to do. Therefore, if you follow this path and start doing what you love, then sooner or later you will find your Mission.
Second, your business should benefit other people.

Where to find time

When people say they don't have enough time for anything, it only means one thing - they can't manage it. Not a single person has a “furry paw” somewhere up there and no one will add an extra hour to him. Only some people can use their time rationally and they have enough of it for all their affairs. And others are simply wasting their time.

To get out of the endless bustle and find the path to your Mission, start with developing time management skills. Start by working on the three biggest eaters: interrupts, time traps, and time pockets. Don’t immediately set yourself an impossible task - to remove all this from your life. Your first step is to cut the time it takes to do them exactly in half.

Personal self-development program

It is necessary to work on the Personal Growth Program in writing. It may take you a few days to process the important issues and get your thoughts in order.

We begin our work by analyzing what we already have at the moment. You should have a list of what you already have: knowledge, skills, work, connections, property...

The next step is to work out your desires. You need to understand and write down what you want most now. Write everything, regardless of the possibility or illusory nature of your dream. The main thing is that all this is yours, and not imposed from the outside, and that it gives you true pleasure.

The third step is building a chain of steps that could lead you to your goal. You should have a thread that connects what you want with what you already have.

The fourth step is deep soul-searching. There is a standard set of qualities that usually prevent people from achieving their goals: fear, uncertainty, timidity, low self-esteem, etc. Your task is to identify all your fears that arise inside you as soon as you start thinking about what is missing to achieve your dreams. Each fear must be written on a separate sheet of paper. For example, you don't have enough money. There may be the following fears - I am afraid:

The fifth step is to determine the quality (character trait) that is hidden behind each fear. For example:

I’m afraid to demand a salary increase - I’m shy;
I'm afraid to change jobs - I'm indecisive;
I'm afraid to start my own business - I lack self-confidence.

So you have received your first list of those traits (qualities) that you need to develop. Write them down in a separate list and look at it again to see if you missed anything. As a rule, for most people the stumbling block is low self-esteem. Many people do not know their talents and cannot be proud of themselves. And real success always starts with a confident “I”.

The sixth step is more difficult. You need to combine the compiled list of necessary qualities with your chain that you compiled in the Third Step. This way you will immediately see the trait that you need to start developing.

Seventh step - write your first action, your first step in self-development. Be sure to indicate what result you expect. Give yourself deadlines. The first version of your Self-Development Program is ready. You'll figure out the rest later.

Let's hit the road

It is very important to start implementing your Program as early as possible. There is a well-known effect of 72 hours - if you do nothing during this time, the likelihood of achieving your goal drops sharply.

When you start working on yourself, you will have new tasks because the boundaries of your perception will expand and your way of thinking will change.

Therefore, over time, you will see your mistakes more clearly and be able to reduce their number. Remove the restriction immediately. that making mistakes is bad. Give yourself the right to make mistakes, the main thing is that you draw the right conclusions and move on again.

I can say right away that one of the most common mistakes is setting too high goals. Learn to break them down into small steps so you can better see how to achieve them.

Be sure to develop persistence within yourself. No great peak can be conquered in one moment. The best example of perseverance in achieving your dreams is perhaps the story of Bert Monroe. Take an example from such people and no problems can stop you.

Don't hesitate to reach out to others with questions and help. When you ask questions, you get to the bottom of things better. And people often dream of helping someone.

The Success Diary will greatly support you. Just write down in it not only all your achievements, but also those qualities that helped you achieve this. And then you will be able to achieve the highest goals, because you will be worthy of them!

Did you like this Self-Development Program? Share in the comments what you think about this.

Goals and objectives of the topic: to show the role of self-education in the comprehensive development of the individual, to give an idea of the concept of “educated person” and possible ways of self-education.

Basic concepts:

self-education,
Withself-esteem,
atlevel of claims.

The main questions of the topic and their summary. The concept of self-education

The time in which we live and work makes more and more new demands on a person’s knowledge and abilities, constantly tests his morality and willpower, the strength of his convictions and character. To stop in your creative growth and improvement means to lag behind the times, to be unprepared to solve today's complex and large-scale problems.

Issues of self-improvement arise especially acutely for young men and women who graduate from school or another secondary educational institution and decide for themselves how to live further, what qualities are necessary for future life, whether their abilities are sufficiently developed for their chosen professional activity, how to build a future family, etc.

The main goal of the previous lesson was to awaken in students the need to reflect on themselves, to realize their personal qualities. At the beginning of this lesson, the teacher should ask the students how satisfied they are with their character, the level of development of their abilities, and what they would like to change in themselves.

The task of today's lesson is to arouse the need to change and improve your character and personality traits. First of all, it is necessary to interest students in the possibilities of working on themselves, developing their personal and intellectual qualities. It is advisable to give examples from fiction, from school life, showing that without a formed need for self-education, self-development, the correct formation of personality is impossible (as an example, we can cite the heroes of Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?”). Of course, the need does not develop so quickly, and the teacher needs, firstly, at each lesson to return in one form or another to the problem of self-education, and secondly, to establish contact with the class teacher, with the Komsomol committee, so that in educational and extracurricular activities students could better understand, know ourselves.

A person who is responsible for himself does not have the right to explain his shortcomings, his low culture by the fact that he was poorly raised, relieve himself of responsibility for this and place it on his teachers and parents. It is necessary to independently go through the difficult path of complex internal work, the path of self-education. Anyone who wants to bring happiness to their loved ones, who wants to be a friend, achieve success in study and work, and be happy in family life, cannot do without it. The teacher here can read Nikolai Zabolotsky’s poem “Don’t let your soul be lazy”:

Don't let your soul be lazy!
So as not to pound water in a mortar,
The soul must work
Drive her from house to house,
Drag from stage to stage,
Through the wasteland, through the brown forest,
Through a snowdrift, through a pothole!
Don't let her sleep in bed
By the light of the morning star,
Keep the lazy girl in the black body
And don't take the reins off her!
If you decide to cut her some slack,
Freeing from work,
She's the last shirt
He will rip it off you without mercy.
And you grab her by the shoulders,
Teach and torment until dark,
To live with you like a human being
She studied again.
She is a slave and a queen,
She is a worker and a daughter,
She must work
And day and night, and day and night!

Self-education is a human activity aimed at improving one’s personality. The direction of self-education depends on the life ideal, i.e. on how a person wants to see himself, what he wants to become. The problem of self-education becomes especially acute in early adolescence. One of the most important moments in the formation of personality at this age and the main prerequisite for self-education is the formation and development of self-awareness.

Self-awareness - this is awareness of oneself as a member of society, awareness of one’s personal qualities, one’s relationships with the outside world, other people, one’s strengths, actions, deeds, thoughts and feelings.

An important element of self-awareness is personality self-esteem . Self-esteem may correspond to the actual development of certain aspects of the personality (be adequate), or maybe overpriced or underestimated (i.e. inadequate). Self-esteem arises either from an analysis of the results of activities (for example, if a student quickly and easily solves problems in mathematics and can independently learn any material in this subject, then he has grounds for high self-esteem of his abilities in mathematics), or from comparing himself with the people around him, with characters from films and books.

In addition, self-esteem can be sustainable And unstable . Strong self-esteem increases self-confidence, but if it is inadequate, it can lead a person to conflicts with others or to conflicts with himself. Also, unstable self-esteem is not always bad if it is associated with self-criticism and does not hinder a person’s achievement of some goal.

Associated with self-esteem level of aspiration (the complexity of the tasks that a person sets for himself). Does a person maintain his aspirations during the first failures, or does he immediately strive to set himself a simpler task, preserving the success available? And if he cannot handle complex tasks now, does he strive to return to them in the future or does he refuse such attempts in principle? Difficult questions... And everyone, sooner or later, must pose them to themselves.

It is in early youth that the self-respect - generalized self-esteem, the degree of acceptance or non-acceptance of oneself as an individual. Both self-esteem and self-respect largely depend on how high school students are assessed by the people around them. Self-esteem is necessary for the full development of the individual.

You need to cultivate confidence and conviction in yourself. But when talking about confidence, you should never confuse it with self-confidence and conceit. These are completely different concepts. Confidence is based on knowledge and experience, and conceit is based on vanity, lack of self-criticism and, often, ignorance.