Tea is one of the most popular drinks in the world. You make it by pouring hot water over the dried leaves of a tea plant. For centuries people believed that teas could cure illnesses, they used it as medicine. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals that prevent cells from dying. Most teas have caffeine in them, a substance that makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause sleeplessness.
Tea plant
The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places where rain falls throughout the year. Tea can be grown from sea level to about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions.
Tea comes from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea plantations they are cut back to a bush of about a metre in height so that workers can pluck the leaves easily. The plant produces pointed, leathery dark leaves, small white flowers and seeds that look like hazelnuts. It takes a plant three to five years before is ready for plucking.
A plucker can harvest about 20kg of tea a day. On large tea plantations the leaves are harvested by machines, but the quality of tea is higher when the leaves are hand-plucked.
Types of tea
The most common types of tea are black and green tea. They come from the same plant but are processed differently.
Workers take the leaves and spread them out on shelves where they can dry. Next, they are rolled and broken into pieces and put into a room where they absorb oxygen. Chemical reactions change the taste and character of the tea. Finally, the leaves are dried with hot air until they turn brownish-black. Most black tea comes from Sri Lanka, Indonesia and eastern Africa.
To make green tea, workers put the freshly picked leaves into a steamer, which keeps them green. Then they are crushed and dried in ovens. Japan is the biggest producers of green tea.
Tea can be bought in many forms – leaves, powder or tea bags. Some of them are added with flavours, like vanilla, orange or lemon. Although most people drink their tea hot, many enjoy iced tea, especially during the summer months.
Black tea is brewed by pouring water over a teaspoon of tea. The tea should soak for three to five minutes before you drink it. Green tea should be left in water longer. Instead of putting tea leaves into a pot people often put tea bags into a cup.
History
People first drank tea in China about 5000 years ago. Originally it was used as a medicine, then as a daily drink. It spread to Japan in the 3rd century A.D. Dutch and Portuguese traders brought tea from eastern Asia to Europe in the 1600s.
In 1657 the beverage was sold for the first time in coffee houses in Great Britain. When the English started a tradition of tea drinking in the afternoon it became England"s national drink. In the 17th and 18th centuries tea spread to British colonies overseas.
In 1767 Great Britain placed a tax on tea imported by American colonists. During the Boston Tea Party of 1773 they were so angry that they threw a ship full of British tea into the harbour to protest British rule. Two years later the American Revolutionary War started.
Today about 3.3 million tons of tea are produced. India, with its famous tea growing regions like Darjeeling and Assam, and China produce about half of the world"s tea. It also grows in many other parts of Asia, especially in Sri Lanka and Indonesia. In the course of time growing tea has spread to countries in Eastern Europe, Africa and South America.
Professions and Careers
Since we all are human and always tend to develop, in order to be useful and successful personality, the main question we ask ourselves after finishing school is: which profession should I choose? Who do I want to be? Normally we choose the one that brings more money and success and is considered a decent and popular profession in the society and presupposes the future career growth. But the more correct approach would be: what do I do best of all? What do I want most of all to be?
Indeed it is a hard choice, but still very important. Let’s take an overview to the most large and popular profession areas that young people consider while choosing a profession.
Health Care. The growing necessity in the health care are can be explained by constantly growing population number and peoples’ average age – people are living longer so the increasing number of elderly people demands more health care services. Consequently the more working, administrative roles should be filled.
Computer science. The technological progress and integration of digital communications and IT services have created bigger necessity of specialists in this area, including private and public sectors. So the computer science became more and more popular in the last 15 years, so right now more and more people choose this direction after graduating the high school. Computer programmers, web designers and developers, system administrators have many job offers and are quite successful in their careers.
Teaching is one more popular profession, being respected and interesting in the modern society. Teaching includes many other sciences as psychology, sociology, philology, philosophy, logics, etc. Indeed it is obviously a big area of investigation and research and development, so many young men and women choose it without hesitation.
Профессии и карьера
Так как все мы люди и нуждаемся в развитии, для того чтобы быть полезными и успешными личностями, самый главный вопрос, который мы задаем себе, когда оканчиваем школу это: какую профессию мне выбрать? Кем я хочу быть? Обычно мы выбираем ту профессию, которая приносит больше дохода и успеха и ту, что считается популярной в обществе и предполагает какой-то карьерный рост в будущем. Но более правильный подход был бы: что я делаю лучше всего? Кем бы я хотел быть больше всего?
На самом деле это сложный выбор, но тем не менее очень важный. Давайте рассмотрим несколько самых распространенных профессиональных областей, которые выбирают молодые люди как свою профессию.
Здравоохранение. Растущая необходимость в работниках здравоохранения объясняется постоянным ростом населения и среднего возраста людей. Люди стали жить дольше, и возрастающая численность пожилых людей требует больше услуг в здравоохранении. Следовательно, все больше рабочих и административных должностей должно быть заполнено.
Информатика. Технический прогресс и внедрение цифровых технологий и IT услуг создали большую потребность в специалистах этой области, включая частный и общественный сектор. Таким образом, информатика стала все более популярной в последние 15 лет, и все больше людей выбирают это направление после окончания школы. Программисты, веб-дизайнеры и разработчики, системные администраторы получили все больше предложений работы и стали довольно успешными в этой профессии.
Преподавание – еще одна популярная профессия, которая очень уважаема и интересна в современном обществе. Преподавание включает в себя много разных наук: психология, социология, филология, философия, логика. И на самом деле это очень большая область для исследования и развития, поэтому очень много людей выбирают ее как свою профессию.
When a young man starts to think about a future career, he imagines a very glorious picture. But a person gets older he faces real life with its problems. After graduation from the Institute young specialists don’t have many variants. The most common one is to get work as a manager.
As for me, I don’t want to spend all the time in a stuffy office full of computers and printers. I believe that I will never impose unnecessary goods, compose boring reports, and be on phone all day. I understand that modern life could be more difficult without managers, but this kind of work not for me. We have one life and we ought to spend it wisely. I’m sure that in the future I’ll ask myself what I’ve achieved. I believe that any person is born to fulfil some goals, which nobody else, but himself, could define. So as sooner I define my goals as happier I will be.
I’m leaving school at the end of the spring and I always think about an educational institution which I need to choose. I think the ideal option for me will be any Choreographic Academy. I have been dancing all since I was five and I can’t imagine my future life without choreography. Dancing is the best way to express myself, to capture my emotions and thoughts to people. I adore dancing. When I’m engrossed in creation, I don’t think about my school problems and everyone around. I call it “inspiration”. I feel that a real connection between me and the Universe. So I just pick up some ideas and express them through dance using my body and emotions.
If I tell my friends or parents about this plan, perhaps they will say that I am aspiring to be famous. By no means, fame is a heavy burden. There is an important difference between the desire to be a famous artist and the desire not to be forgotten dancer. I don"t think the people of art are exceptional. If an architect creates buildings that will stand for many years, people will be thankful for his great work. If the writer’s novels are read in three hundred years, it will be wonderful. If a dancer’s creation will be remembered next generations, he will live in human hearts.
Any career should make the human who has chosen it satisfied. Otherwise, working routine will be an excruciation and nothing else. I really don’t want to write reports and answer the phone sitting in the office all day. I want my profession to make me happy, and I want to see happy people around me.
Now I have to think about my entrance exams. They are not so easy. I believe that my dream to become a great dancer will come true and I will be able to share the pleasure of dancing with other people.
Когда молодой человек думают о будущей карьере, он представляет очень славную картину. Но как только человек становится старше, он сталкивается с реальной жизнью и её проблемами. После выпуска из Института молодой специалист не имеет много вариантов. Чаще всего он получает работу менеджера.
Что касается меня, я не хочу проводить всё время в душном офисе с большим количеством компьютеров и принтеров. Я верю, что я никогда не буду навязывать ненужные товары, составлять скучные отчёты и говорить по телефону вес день. Я понимаю, что современная жизнь была бы трудной без менеджеров, но этот вид работы не для меня. У нас только одна жизнь и нам стоит тратить её мудро. Я уверен, что в будущем я буду задавать себе вопрос, чего я достиг. Я думаю, что любой человек рождён для выполнения определённых целей, которые никто кроме него не сможет определить. Поэтому чем быстрее я определюсь с целью, тем счастливее я буду.
Я оканчиваю школу в конце весны, и я всё время размышляю об учебном заведении, который мне нужно выбрать. Я думаю, идеальным вариантом для меня будет какая-нибудь Хореографическая Академия. Я танцую с пяти лет, и не могу представить свою жизнь без хореографии. Танец - лучший способ выразить себя, передать мои эмоции и мысли людям. Я обожаю танцы. Когда я погружён в творчество, я не думаю о своих школьных проблемах и людях вокруг. Я называю это «вдохновением». Я чувствую настоящую связь между мной и Вселенной. Я просто подбираю подходящие идеи и выражаю их через танец, используя своё тело и эмоции.
Если я расскажу своим друзьям и родителям о своём плане, возможно, они скажут, что я стремлюсь стать знаменитым. Без сомнения, известность тяжёлое бремя. Существует важное различие между желанием стать знаменитым художником и желанием не стать забытым танцором. Я не думаю, что люди искусства необыкновенные. Если архитектор создаёт здания, которые простоят многие годы, люди будут благодарны ему за работу. Если романы писателя будут читать через три сотни лет, это будет замечательно. Если творчество танцора будут помнить следующими поколениями, он продолжит жизнь в сердцах людей.
Любая карьера должна сделать человека, который её выбрал, удовлетворенным. С другой стороны, работа может стать пыткой и больше ни чем другим. Я действительно не хочу писать отчёты и отвечать на телефонные звонки, просиживая в офисе весь день. Я хочу, чтобы моя профессия сделала меня счастливым, и я хочу видеть счастливых людей вокруг себя.
На этой странице находится топик по английскому по теме PROFESSIONS AND CAREERS
I am leaving school this year and I realize that the time to choose my future profession has come. It’s probably one of the most important decisions I have to make, since leaving school is a far more serious examination of my abilities and character than I have ever had.
It’s quite natural that before you take the final decision on what you want to do in future, you must consider the possibilities you have and your fitness for this or that job. Some pupils choose their future professions under the influence of their parents or friends, whose advice they find helpful and valuable. In my opinion the final choice should depend on what you are interested in. For me an interesting and creative job is the most important thing. I want to enjoy my work and get satisfaction from it. And if it is well-paid at the same time, it looks most desirable and attractive.
Once you have finally made your choice, you should think of what you must do to achieve your goal. Of course, school tries to provide pupils with this or that practical skill. Some schools give a vocational training in certain practical jobs, like computer operating, sewing, typing, etc. But I’m sure that college or university education is most essential for making a good career in future.
I made my choice many years ago when I was still at primary school. Since then I’ve been dreaming of becoming an English language teacher. For many years at school English has been my favourite subject. My strong liking for foreign languages has not been free from the influence of my English teacher, whose lessons are always a joy and a pleasure to attend. She is not only a wonderful teacher but has a charming personality in many other ways. I hope that one day I may become a good teacher as well.
I have always realized the importance of foreign languages in modem world. Firstly, it is essential for the development of international contacts in the sphere of political, social, business and cultural relations. Secondly, it offers good job opportunities and it enables you to find work almost anywhere in the world. It’s natural that so much attention is paid to teaching foreign languages at school and at present foreign language teachers are in great demand today. Now my greatest desire is to enter the linguistic university, learn several languages and make a practical use of them in my future job.
At the moment teaching English to children has the greatest appeal to me as no society can do without the common but no less necessary job than that of a teacher.
Choosing a career is not a simple thing and it demands careful consideration because of the great importance of your choice. For that reason you should realistically consider your abilities and how you can make use of them. You should also ask yourself a question if you are suitable for it and how much you know about the reality of your future job. You should also find out if you are expected to possess certain qualities needed for the job or whether you will be able to reveal and develop these qualities in the process of training and education. As a matter of fact many of us are still on the fantasy level about the future jobs, for there is a great difference between the career aspirations and the real world of work. We neglect the fact that every job has a share of drudgery and boredom about it. That’s why you’d better think about all pros and cons so as not to regret your decision to follow this or that career afterwards. Actually it’s not a pleasant thing to stay all your life in the job which you don’t like. And certainly it’s always nice being well paid for what you enjoy doing. Anyway, choosing a profession is a crucial point in a school-leaver’s life.
Like most of my classmates I made my final choice when I was in my last year at school. Before that I had asked myself a lot of times what I wanted to do when I left school. A few years ago it was difficult to give a definite answer as I changed my mind too often. One day I wanted to be a film director, the next day I thought there was no better job than that of a journalist. My father suggested that I should study humanities at a more profound level than I was expected to do them at school. His arguments were convincing. So for two years, when I was in the 10th and 11lh forms, I put a lot of effort into a more systematic and consistent learning of English and Russian.
There is no doubt that learning even one foreign language is a hard job. That’s why quite a number of people lose heart and give up even though they understand the importance of foreign languages in the modem fast moving world. It’s evident that those who speak foreign languages have many more job opportunities as all sorts of diplomatic, business and cultural contacts involve the use of foreign languages. English is the major language of communication in such areas as science, computer technology, mass entertainment and international tourism. I find any of these jobs interesting and attractive.
I understand that once you have chosen this profession you must be prepared to work really hard and systematically. I also realise that it is difficult to learn to communicate in a foreign language if you are not a sociable and easy-going person.
I think I possess these qualities and I hope I’ll pass the entrance examinations successfully. I don’t know exactly what practical use I’ll make of foreign languages in future, it may be either teaching or interpreting or journalism, but I am definitely sure that after graduating from the university I will become an educated person, useful for the progress of the society I live in.
Посвящен выбору профессии, но будет полезен тем, кто уже определился с родом своей деятельности. Дело в том, что знать, как переводятся языке нужно всем без исключения: заполняя любую анкету в международных организациях, занимаясь поиском работы за рубежом или составляя собственное , мы непременно используем профессии. Поэтому предлагаем внимательно прочитать и перевести текст, в котором встречаются названия некоторых видов профессиональной деятельности.
Choosing a career
Sooner or later each of us needs to choose a career. The biggest mistake in this activity is to make a decision without planning your future and thinking about your personality. Your career must feet you. In other case you would never gain success in profession that was chosen.
To do it right way you need to think about your wants and needs. Also you must take into account your character and temperament. No one can know your good and bad habits as well as you do.
It works quite simple. If you don’t like to talk with unknown people then don’t choose career that needs it like sociologist, insurance agent, and reporter. If you don’t like working with children then don’t try to be teacher or kindergartener. If you are absent-minded it would be better if you do not work on atomic power plant.
To realize what will fit you best of all you need to answer some questions. And answers must be honest. At first you need to decide what you expect from life. If you want to have a big house, car and great deposit account then low-paid jobs is not what you are looking for. From the other side there are people who like their life without luxuries and expensive purchases. You also need to think about other characteristics of your life. For example, would you like to stay in your town for life long or to move across the country? At second you need to think about properties of your future career. That is what we were talking above. Your job must conform your personality.
As for me, I have decided to become a financial analyst. My personal capabilities and my education showed me that I was on the right way. Now I work in a bank as a chef of financial department. No doubt, I made right decision about my career.
Выбор профессии
Раньше или позже, но каждому из нас приходится выбирать профессию. Самая большая ошибка при этом – принимать решение без планирования своего будущего и мыслей о личности. Ваша деятельность должна подходить вам. В противном случае вы никогда сможете достичь успеха в выбранной профессии.
Чтобы сделать это (выбор) правильно, нужно подумать о своих желаниях и потребностях. Также нужно принять в расчет ваш характер и темперамент. Никто не знает ваши плохие и хорошие привычки лучше, чем вы сами.
Это работает довольно просто. Если вы не любите говорить с незнакомыми людьми – не выбирайте профессии вроде социолога, страхового агента или репортера. Если вам не нравится работать с детьми – не пытайтесь стать учителем или воспитателем в детском саду. Если вы рассеянный, будет лучше, если вы не будете работать на атомной электростанции.
Для того чтобы понять, что подойдет вам лучше всего, нужно ответить на несколько вопросов. И ответы должны быть честными. Во-первых, вам нужно решить, что вы ждете от жизни. Если вы хотите иметь большой дом, машину и огромный депозит на счету, тогда низкооплачиваемая работа не то, что вы ищите. С другой стороны, есть люди, которые любят их жизнь без излишеств и дорогих покупок. Вам нужно также подумать о других характеристиках вашей жизни. Например, хотели бы вы оставаться в родном городе на всю жизнь или перемещаться по стране. Во-вторых, вам нужно подумать о характеристиках будущей карьеры. Это то, о чем мы говорили выше. Работа должна подходить личности.
Что касается меня, то я решил стать финансовым аналитиком. Мои личные способности и мое образование показали мне, что я на правильном пути. Сейчас я работаю в банке руководителем финансового департамента. Вне всяких сомнений, я сделал правильное решение относительно своей карьеры.
