Deep silence, deep indifference, deep reverence, deep attraction, deep influence, deep attention, deep impact, deep indignation, deep excitement, deep admiration, deep impression... ... Dictionary of Russian Idioms
knowledge- absolute knowledge brilliant knowledge great knowledge great knowledge comprehensive knowledge deep knowledge thorough knowledge enormous knowledge thorough knowledge ... Dictionary of Russian Idioms
KNOWLEDGE- the result of the process of cognition, usually expressed in language or in k.l. iconic form. The desire to understand what knowledge is and how it differs from other products of human consciousness is already characteristic of the philosophers of antiquity, who raised and tried... Philosophical Encyclopedia
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Scientific knowledge- Science is a special type of human cognitive activity aimed at developing objective, systematically organized and substantiated knowledge about the world around us. The basis of this activity is the collection of facts, their systematization, critical... ... Wikipedia
Russian literature- I. INTRODUCTION II. RUSSIAN ORAL POETRY A. Periodization of the history of oral poetry B. Development of ancient oral poetry 1. The most ancient origins of oral poetry. Oral poetic creativity of ancient Rus' from the 10th to the mid-16th centuries. 2.Oral poetry from the middle of the 16th century to the end... ... Literary encyclopedia
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Hare Krishna- Article on the subject Hinduism History Pantheon Directions Vaishnavism Shaivism Shaktism Smartism ... Wikipedia
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Materials for general repetition lessons, for preparing for tests, exams and for final certification
1) We remind you that the signs next to the words mean:
1 – perform a phonetic analysis of the word;
2 – perform a morphemic analysis of the word;
3 – perform a morphological analysis of the word;
4 – parse the sentence;
5 – perform punctuation analysis of the sentence;
6 – lexical;
7 – stylistic.
2) Exercises of increased complexity are marked with “*”.
I. Read the text, prepare for the presentation (detailed or condensed).
Akhmatova and Mandelstam, and to a lesser extent Gumilyov, are united by a protest against the inflation of sacred 5 words. Among the Acmeists, the holiness of the sacred word is restored by emphasizing its prohibition: its 1st utterance threatens with unpredictable consequences. “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain...”
Akhmatova warns:
Oh, there are unique words;
Whoever said them spent too much.
Only blue is inexhaustible
Heavenly and mercy of God.
But a special place in the development of the motif belongs to Mandelstam’s strange poem of 1912:
Your image, painful and unsteady,
I couldn't feel in the fog.
"God!" - I said by mistake,
Without even thinking about saying it.
God's name is like a big bird
It flew out of my chest!
There's a thick fog ahead,
And an empty cell behind.
This is not a “religious” poem - neither by traditional standards, nor by the broad criteria of the symbolic 2nd era... It has a plot, and this plot is very simple. 4 The setting is a lonely walk (a year earlier: “Easy cross of lonely walks”). The opening describes a negatively characterized psychological state, which so often serves as the starting point for the early Mandelstam: the unnamed image torments with its absence, its intangibility, it is forgotten, lost. “Your image” - such words could form the usual to the point of banality, as in a romance, the beginning of a poem about love; but something completely different awaits us. It is quite possible that the image is female... But according to a decisive feature - due to its inaccessibility to the imagination - it is comparable to the image of God; it is like an image of God. One unnamedness is a mirror of another unnamed; and the correspondence to both is “fog,” symmetrically mentioned in the 2nd line from the beginning and in the 2nd line from the end: the characteristic dullness of Mandelstam’s landscape. But then a catastrophe occurs: in the tension of searching for the lost image, “by mistake,” a person exclaims: “Lord.” In Russian colloquial use, this word is nothing more than an interjection... The Name of God turns out to be real, alive, like a bird, precisely in its materiality, in connection with the breath of the speaker. But this is not a reason for tenderness, but for fear: the unspeakable did not need to be expressed. By thoughtless, random pronunciation of the Name, a person causes damage and loss to himself... This conclusion is suggested and strengthened by the last line, the heavy density of which arises from the imposition of two semantic characteristics on one word, characteristic of Mandelstam’s technique: the metaphorical “cage” from which the “bird” flies out , and “cage” from the phrase “chest”.
(S. Averintsev)
2. What features of the scientific style do we see in this text?
3. Prove that this is text. What is the role of the first sentence?
4. Explain the meaning of words banality, inflation, semantic, metaphorical.
unsteady, sacred.
6. What is the role of citation in the text? Learn poetic lines by heart, prepare to write from memory.
7. Make an outline of one of the complex sentences.
8. Explain spellings and punctograms.
II. *Read the beginning of V. Astafiev’s article “The Name of Tolstoy is Holy” (1978). Explain the meaning of the name.
One of the most vivid memories of my childhood, due to some whim of fate or its pattern, is connected with Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. At the village school, where I came to study in the first grade in the fall of one thousand nine hundred and thirty-two, a visiting teacher read to us, rural children who could not yet read, a story about Zilina and Kostylin. It was such a shock that for a long time I could not listen or perceive anything else, I jumped up screaming at night and all the time tried to retell the terrible story about two Russian soldiers who escaped from captivity to everyone who wanted to listen to it. 4 Grandmother, listening to me, cried more than once and repeated: “Lord, Lord! This is what human life is like, what we have not suffered and will not endure in it...” And on occasion she punished: “Study well, listen to your elders - your elders will not teach you anything bad...”.
Since then, I have not re-read Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus” and will not re-read it, because some long-standing bright insight lives in me, distant from everything else I have read and heard, and I still want to retell the ingenuous and, 7 perhaps the most romantic story in our Russian literature. Perhaps the craving for creativity began with that desire that sparkled in childhood - to tell what I heard, adding something, of course, from myself...
1. Determine the topic, the main ideas of the text. Suggest your own ideas for the title of the passage.
Indicate the linguistic means of expressing attitudes and evaluations.
4. In what meanings are the words used in the text (II paragraph) insight, history, romantic?
5. Find synonyms for words tell, simple-minded.
6. Write out the participles from the text. How are they educated?
7. Indicate introductory words, explain their meaning and role in the text.
8. Describe the features of the syntactic structure of the text. What is achieved through the use of complex sentences and direct speech?
9. Make an outline of one of the complex sentences.
11. Prepare for expressive reading and retelling of the text.
bright insight, craving for creativity, two soldiers, couldn’t do it for a long time.
Indicate a stylistically colored word:
a) memory;
b) childhood;
d) literature.
Which series of words contains a gerund?
a) Read, heard, ran;
b) reread, added, listening;
c) of course, perhaps, maybe.
III. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of the poet M. Isakovsky. Determine the topic and main ideas of the text. Prepare to retell the text and write about what it means, in your opinion, to have “full and deep knowledge of the language.”
The knowledge 1 in the language that I received first in a rural school, and then in a gymnasium, where I managed to study for only two years, was far from complete and, 7 of course, did not give me the right to say that I know my native language perfectly. Complete and deep knowledge of a language implies 6 much more than the ability to write without spelling errors, construct phrases correctly, and put punctuation marks in their place.
And it was this more that I sought to acquire after I left school. The school gave me those basic knowledge of the language, without which 3 I could not move on, and I am grateful to it with all my heart for that. But I had to do a lot myself.
(M. Isakovsky)
a) School gave me the basics of knowing the language.
b) This knowledge was far from complete.
c) To know your native language well, you need to do a lot yourself; you need to “move on” after finishing school.
d) Complete and deep knowledge of the language is the ability to use punctuation marks and write without spelling errors.
2. Choose synonyms for the introductory word Certainly.
3. Which word has more sounds than letters?
a) First;
d) knowledge.
4. Outline the first sentence.
5. Parse the sentence corresponding to the scheme:
IV. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of the Russian artist Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov (1862–1942). Title the text.
I began to remember myself when I was three or four years old... I remember my early toys. Particularly memorable is the legless brown horse. I rode on it for hours. Winter evenings are also memorable to me. There is silence in the mother’s room or in the nursery, the lamp is on. The elders went to the all-night vigil at the Savior or to the cathedral, and I, sitting on my horse, rushing somewhere. It’s so nice in my soul, so peaceful 3... Our people will return, we’ll have dinner, they’ll put us to bed under a warm blanket...
My imagination was inexhaustible in childhood. To embody something, to bring it to life and to believe in everything was a piece of cake for me.
1. Specify keywords.
2. What is a synonym for the word horse used in the text? How are synonymous words different?
3. Parse the phrases: inexhaustible imagination, making something come true, easy to believe.
4. Write down a series of cognates for the noun fantasy.
5. Indicate one-part sentences. What is their role in the text?
6. Prepare for expressive reading. What mood should be conveyed?
7. Write a text (optional) about your childhood, using this beginning: “I began to remember myself (beginning) years...”;
"My first toys";
“Winter evenings are also memorable to me”;
“My imagination was inexhaustible”;
"I remember...";
“I would like to remember...”
V.Write down an excerpt from V. Belov’s story, highlight the grammatical basics of one-part sentences.
The thunderstorm subsided over our shelter, 5 but the rain continued to fall on Bobrishny Ugor for a long time. The house was warm and calm, lightning flashed outside the windows, and there was a smell of refreshed greenery. Thunder was still growling somewhere, but it was getting quieter and quieter, and beautiful music was playing quietly through the discharges of the Speedol. You could hear the last drops dripping from the roof, and music similar to these drops sounded in the house. It seems that this was one of Chopin’s mazurkas, the one in which the calm joy of life, light post-storm 2 fatigue and harmonious, happy contemplation of the 5 world sounds. And because this bright, beautiful music flowed in the house, because there was support, friendship, and courage in your voice, you wanted to do something again for people and for time in this incomprehensible world.
1. Prove that this is a literary text.
2. Explain the meaning of the words Mazurka, harmonious.
3. Parse the phrases: beautiful music, contemplation of the world, joy of life, doing again.
4. What examples from the text can illustrate the rules for placing punctuation marks in sentences: a) with homogeneous members, b) with an introductory word?
5. Analyze the sentences corresponding to the schemes (optional):
VI.Write down the final part of V. Astafiev’s article “The Sense of Sound and Word”, highlight the grammatical foundations of the sentences.
Poetry always strives to discover beauty in the world, and through their torment the poets have proven how long and difficult the path to beauty and comprehension of the meaning of life is.
Let us bow low to the poet for this noble work and wish him what the wanderers of the East wished for each other: “Hurry to please those you meet with a kind word: maybe you won’t have to meet again in life.”
1. Determine the topic, the main idea of the text. Write down the keywords.
2. Specify micro-topics. Explain the division of the text into paragraphs.
3. How is the connection between paragraphs made?
4. Write down the verbs from the text, determine the conjugation. What examples from the text can illustrate what is the syntactic role of the infinitive?
5. Write down the phrases: noble work, to please with a word, strives to open, let us bow low. Indicate the main words, indicate the type of subordinating connection.
6. What is the role of citation in the text? How do you understand the meaning of the aphorism? In what situation can you use it as a wish?
7. Explain spellings and punctograms.
8. Prepare to read expressively and write from memory.
Which phrase is wrong?
a) Prove the truth;
b) regret it;
c) comprehension of life;
d) knowledge about creativity.
Find the odd one out:
a) strives, proves, hurry up, meets;
b) poetry, comprehension, counter, poet, word.
Write a text on one of the topics:
"The path to beauty"
"The path to understanding the meaning of life"
"Noble work"
“Let us bow low...”
VII. *Read an excerpt from Bella Akhmadulina’s poem “Willing and Unwitting Sins,” which was written on January 18–19, 1999. Explain the meaning of an obsolete word backside and its role in a poetic text (consult dictionaries).
How many times have I sung the fourth hour?
after midnight, but why
the back of the head with a nimble evasion
from sleep - with a pen I blacken a white sheet?I am a stingy word loner.
You can’t tell the back of your head: look around, -
and he himself is sighted. Lob is a seeker of innovations,
in the back of the head - archaism is stored.I will not heed the temptations of the directory:
a charter from simple-minded antiquity,
everything that is related to good or good,
he removed the resignation: “outdated.”The soul hurries like a chilled runner
reject nonsense, break out of it,
in the foolish guess of the weak-minded:
What kind of foreign land does her tongue dare?..
1. What is a synonym for the word backside used in the text? How are these synonyms contrasted? What is the contextual antonym for the word backside does the author use? What is the meaning of the contrast between these words?
2. What stylistic note in dictionaries is discussed in the third stanza? Give examples of words with roots -good- And -good-. Which of these words are marked “obsolete” in the dictionary? Why does the poet’s soul not want to agree with the “retirement” of these words?
3. What other words with stylistic marks are found in the text?
Reference.
Bla "govest (obsolete). Bells ringing before the start of a church service.
Favor (obsolete). Goodwill, favor.
Well-mannered (obsolete). Knows how to behave well in society.
Well-meaning (obsolete). Adhering to the official way of thinking.
Thank you (obsolete). Majestic beauty.
Virtue (book). Positive moral quality, high morality.
Good (obsolete). 1. Virtue. 2. A willing participant in something.
Kind (obsolete). Voluntary, done at one's own request.
(From the “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegov,
1978)
VIII.Prepare for an expressive reading of V. Bokov’s poem “Holy Craft.” Explain the meaning of the name.
The sacred craft of the plow
I once exchanged it for poetry,
Polyphonic rotation on rhymes,
My parents, I apologize!Green grass is already growing,
Someone's head is already turning grey,
Look in the mirror, brother,
You are waiting for peace and longing to find it.My words, you are knights of goodness,
I didn’t breed you for the sake of silver,
Not for the sake of carnelian and amethyst,
You are my sheaves in the clean field.
My words, you are a temple of kindness,
It’s not for nothing that princesses of beauty flock to you,
And beauty is not with toads in the swamp,
You will understand this without me now!My words, all your dictionaries -
Dreamed flashes of dawn,
Wide plowed field
My family estate.
1. Explain the meaning of words acquisition, flashes, carnelian, amethyst.
2. What words are used figuratively?
3. Observe the words that rhyme. Pay attention to those cases when words of different parts of speech rhyme. Write these words in pairs, indicate the parts of speech.
4. Indicate sentences with appeals. What is the role of rhetorical appeals in the text?
5. Parse the phrases: knights of goodness, a clean field, a temple of kindness, once exchanged, a plowed field, you long for something.
6. Write down the third stanza, highlight the grammatical foundations of the sentences.
7. What spelling rules can be confirmed with examples from the text?
8. Explain punctuation.
9. Perform different types of parsing.
Indicate a word that has a stylistic connotation:
a) kindness;
b) craft;
c) acquisition;
Which phrase uses a constant epithet?
a) Holy craft;
b) plowed field;
c) polyphonic rotation;
d) on a clean field.
IX. Read an excerpt from the book by philologist V.V. Kolesov “History of the Russian language in stories.” Prepare to retell the text.
Language reflects not only thoughts, but also feelings, and this is important at the moment of communication.
They say more and more often: Hello! Bye! Or they’ll add something completely incomprehensible: hello! good-bye! Ciao! What is the meaning of these alien words? In the mouth of a Russian person, these are signs of farewell, a formula of politeness - and nothing more. And Russian by the appearance of the words Hello And Bye- just translations of foreign words. The Russian word for meeting and farewell is not so light-hearted. It rose from the depths of the people's spirit for centuries, until by the 17th century it was molded into a respectful hello - goodbye. When we meet - a wish for health: may you be healthy! When parting, please forgive me if I have offended you in any way 2 . And how much is hidden behind this, how much remains between the words! Affection and respect are life. And it’s clear 1 what kind of person is talking to you...
That's why it's so difficult to replace a Russian word.
1. Determine the topic, the main ideas of the text. Please include keywords.
2. Prove that this is a journalistic text.
X. Read an excerpt from V. Astafiev’s essay dedicated to L.N. Tolstoy, title the text.
The great writer and thinker saw and understood man in all his volume, with all his complexities and contradictions...
This, in my opinion, is the tradition of Tolstoy, who was brought up, by the way, on the traditions of that mature Russian literature that already existed before him and the greatness of which he multiplied and raised to such a height to which 3 we all need to reach out and reach out to look into its boundless depths. 4
I don’t have a separate favorite Tolstoy hero, I love them all, from the boy Filippka to the frighteningly inaccessible, beautiful Prince Andrei Bolkonsky and his sister Maria.
I've read War and Peace five times in my life. The most vivid impression was when I read this book in the hospital. Those feelings, the pain that I experienced while reading “War and Peace” in a hospital bed were no longer repeated. 4 But each subsequent reading of the novel revealed to me new, previously unseen and unexplored “layers”, for this book itself, like Life, like the Earth 5, is large, mysterious and complex.
1. Determine the topic, the main ideas of the text.
2. Prove that this is a journalistic text.
3. Indicate the linguistic means (lexical and grammatical) with the help of which a semantic connection is made between sentences and between paragraphs.
4. What micro-themes do we see in the text? Explain the division of the text into paragraphs. Make a plan for the text.
5. Explain the meaning of words tradition, greatness.
6. What is the stylistic coloring of the union for ? Find synonyms for it.
7. Indicate the means of connecting subordinate clauses with main clauses.
9. Explain the punctuation in the second sentence.
10. What spelling rules can be confirmed with examples from the text?
11. Perform different types of analysis.
12. Prepare to read the text expressively.
Which word ends with -e ?
a) In memory_;
b) in life_;
c) to the hospital_;
d) traditionally.
Parse the phrases: boundless depths, previously unseen, understood a person, increased greatness, a vivid impression.
XI.Read an excerpt from V. Astafiev’s article “The Name of Tolstoy is Holy” (1978). Prepare for free dictation.
About ten years ago I - finally! – I decided to go to the 5th holy place – Yasnaya Polyana...
It was September - the golden time of Russia. Rarely and still reluctantly did a leaf fall. It was clean and bright, but most importantly - deserted 2. I walked around the estate all day, and all day I had the feeling that one glance was sharply hitting me in the back, piercing me through and highlighting everything in me that was and is, and I involuntarily remembered 6 what bad things I had done in life and good. All day I felt like I was on trial...
It was not an easy day in my life, because it is difficult to judge oneself with the gaze and conscience of a Great Artist. 4
At dusk I already came to Tolstoy’s grave, stood over it, then touched the cold, callous-autumn grass with my palm and went out onto the road.
I walked to Tula, and again and again I experienced the sensations of that strict peace with which the forests, copses and groves of the estate were filled, that thoughtful silence that was here in the autumn under Lev Nikolaevich and now continued in time, touched my soul. And I also felt calm. Vanity seemed to flow away from me and, 7 it seemed, would no longer spin, would not spin anymore. And I thought that I was capable and would do good, only good...
1. Prove that this is a journalistic text.
2. Which part of the text is description?
3. Make a plan for the text.
4. What words are used figuratively?
5. Indicate the antonyms that are used in the second paragraph.
6. Write down the verbs from the text in two columns: owls V. And nesov. V.
7. Find one-part sentences, determine their type and role in the text.
8. Make an outline of one of the complex sentences.
9. What spelling rules can be confirmed with examples from the text?
10. Explain punctuation. In what cases is author's punctuation used?
Prepare for expressive reading.
Which series of words contain gerunds?
a) Decided, passed, passed away;
b) go, judge, touch;
c) stood, piercing, highlighting;
d) worried, thought, filled.
Parse the phrases: holy place, do good, walked, golden time, thoughtful silence.
Which word has more sounds than letters?
a) Estate;
b) sacred;
c) highlighting;
d) palm.
XII. Prepare for expressive reading. Do you agree with the main idea of the poetic text? Write about it. (How would you answer the question “There will be no books in the future?”)
Germany is famous for Luther.
The twenties - Tatlin.
The states are strong in computers.
Russia is a reader.He awakens reason and conscience.
The cassettes have been adjusted.
There won't be 3 books in the future?
But there will be readers.(A. Voznesensky)
1. Prepare a cultural commentary (refer to reference books, dictionaries). Write down the sentences:
Luther is...
Tatlin is...
2. What is the role of incomplete sentences in the text?
3. Compare rhyming words: wakes up - will be.
4. Which word has more letters than sounds?
a) Germany;
c) computer;
d) reader.
5. Compare: future time is light future. What is the method of forming a noun future?
XIII. Read the text carefully. Prepare for a presentation (detailed or condensed). Write about how you understand D.S.’s words. Likhachev “Philology is a deeply personal and deeply national science.”
This word, which is Greek in origin, can be translated as “love of the word.” But in reality, philology is broader. At different times, philology was understood as different areas of culture - namely culture 5, and not just science. Therefore, the answer to the question of what philology is can only be given through a detailed, painstaking historical study of this concept...
The role of philology is precisely a connecting one, 2 and therefore especially important. It connects historical source studies with linguistics and literary studies. It gives a broad aspect to the study of the history of the text. It combines literary studies and linguistics in the field of studying the style of a work - the most complex area of literary criticism. Philology teaches us to understand correctly meaning text, be it a historical source or an artistic monument. It requires deep knowledge not only of the history of languages, but also knowledge of the realities of a particular era, aesthetic ideas of its time, the history of ideas, etc.<...>
Philology brings together humanity - our contemporary and the past 1 . It brings humanity and different human cultures closer together not by erasing differences in cultures, but by recognizing these differences, based on respect and tolerance for the “individuality of cultures.” She resurrects 3 the old for the new. Philology is a deeply personal and deeply national science, necessary for the individual and necessary for the development of national cultures. It lives up to its name (“philology » – love of words), since it is fundamentally based on love for the verbal6 culture of all languages, on complete tolerance and interest in all cultures. 4
1. Determine the topic, the main ideas of the text.
2. Specify keywords. Title the text.
3. What features of scientific style can be illustrated with examples from this text? Indicate the words-terms and explain their meaning.
4. Prove that this is text. How do the beginning and end of the text correlate and “echo”?
5. Explain the meaning of words aspect, realities.
6. Find synonyms and antonyms in the third paragraph. What is their role in the text?
7. Observe the use of pronouns in the text. What is their text-forming role?
8. Outline the last sentence.
11. Prepare for expressive reading of the text (one paragraph).
Parse the phrases: national culture, love of words, deeply personal.
Find the odd one out: brings together, resurrects, supports, justifies.
XIV.Read the text carefully. Prepare for a retelling (exposition). Write an essay using the following beginning: “The poet’s riddle is eternal, and our desire to guess it is eternal.”
We got used to saying: first there was the word. However, the word comes from sounds; therefore, first there was sound, and that sound is dissolved in nature, and no one can hear it, adopt it from nature and transmit it to people, except the poet and musician. Or maybe there was a feeling before the sound? Perhaps everything that is around us and in us, and above all by thought, is driven by feeling... This is the primacy of sound and the word itself and, therefore, the eternal 3 holy 5 and bright source of poetry flowing from them, which, gaining power and full sound, has been rushing for many centuries, without exhausting itself, exciting the human heart, filling it with delight and sadness, raising storms of passions and delighting with quiet music.
The poet’s riddle is eternal, and eternal is our desire to guess it, to break through some invisible barrier or veil and comprehend what is behind the line, that is, the soul of the poet... 4
(V. Astafiev)
1. Read the beginning of V. Astafiev’s article “The Sense of Sound and Words.” Explain the meaning of the name. What is the interaction between the title and the text (in this case, the beginning - the beginning of the text)?
2. Determine the topic, the main ideas of the text.
3. With the help of what linguistic means is the connection between sentences and between paragraphs made?
5. Indicate the words used in a figurative meaning.
6. Write out the gerunds from the text. Explain how they are formed.
7. Explain the meaning of introductory words maybe, therefore. What is their role in the text? Explain the punctuation marks in sentences with these words.
8. What spelling rules can be confirmed with examples from the text?
9. Outline the last sentence.
10. Prepare for expressive reading.
Parse the phrases:
a) bright source;
b) the soul of the poet;
c) an invisible barrier;
d) eternally holy.
What combination of words is the grammatical basis of the sentence?
b) the eternal desire to guess;
c) eternally holy;
d) forever admire.
XV.Read carefully the excerpts (beginning and end of the text) from the memoirs of A. Vampilov. Prepare for the presentation and additional creative task: answer the question “Do you agree with the statements “Every artist has his own secret”, “Vampilov’s secret remained unsolved”?”
(1) A certain Smith, a character from Ray Bradbury’s story “The Metamorphosis,” acquired the ability to fly, “rushing into space.”
(2) Outwardly he was an ordinary person.
(3) Even blood tests did not show any abnormalities.
(4) Doctor Rockwell was disappointed: he believed that something special was about to happen to Smith, and was waiting for it.
(5) Rockwell had no idea that the patient could fly.
(6) Many who knew Alexander Vampilov closely also wanted to see the outwardly striking features of behavior, habits and preferences of not just a person, but a playwright who had received worldwide recognition.
(7) It was not possible to discover such signs: he smoked the same cigarettes that many smoke, dressed discreetly, rather modestly, dined in canteens and restaurants where no one was allowed to go.
(8) But he did not demonstrate the main thing - flights of creative imagination - in public.
(9) They were performed in silence and solitude - at a desk...
(10) Like any artist, Vampilov had his own secret, which he could not reveal to anyone even if he wanted to, because he first of all needed to unravel it himself.
(11) The mystery remained unsolved...
(12) I was his friend and I loved him...
(13) Naturally, my assessment of his work and his personality cannot be impartial.
(14) Yes, I don’t want to be impartial.
(15) I look at the photographs again, in which I recognize his smile, the squinting of his eyes, the turn of his head...
(16) Yes, he didn’t need to pose - he lived openly like a child, without showing off, without pretending to be a fictional hero.
(17) The only thing he hid even from those closest to him was his suffering, his mental pain.
(18) But no matter how many photographs there are and no matter how recognizable he is in them, only the book that he left as a legacy to all people can give a true idea of his personality.
(D. Sergeev)
1. Which statement contradicts the content of the text?
1) No one noticed the external signs of A. Vampilov’s talent.
2) Vampilov, like any artist, had his own secret.
3) He confided only close friends to this secret.
4) Only his book can give a true idea of the writer’s personality.
2. Define the text style:
1) scientific;
2) business;
3) artistic;
4) journalistic.
3. Specify keywords:
1) secret;
2) Vampilov;
3) R. Bradbury;
4) creativity;
5) photography;
6) book.
4. In which words are all consonant sounds voiced?
3) the main thing;
5. Indicate the method of formation of the noun dining room. (Transition of an adjective into a noun.)
6. Choose synonyms for the introductory word naturally. (Of course.)
7. Write out the participles from sentence 6. (Those who knew who received it.)
8. Indicate the means of connection of sentence 6 with the previous paragraph. (Union Same.)
9. What part of the sentence is the verb? fly in sentence 1? (Definition.) In sentence 5? (Part of a compound verb predicate.)
10. In which row is a letter missing in all words? And ?
1) Circulation, recognition, passion, impartial;
2) he can see, believe, no matter how much, in the photograph.
11. Indicate a phrase with a connection method: adjacency:
1) creative imagination;
2) childishly open;
3) an unsolved mystery;
4) a character from a story.
XVI.Read the beginning of V. Rasputin’s essay “About Vampilov.” What early text features are used in the passage?
(1) In poetry Nikolai Rubtsov, in prose Vasily Shukshin, in drama Alexander Vampilov...
(2) It seems that Russian literature lost its very soul and very hope almost simultaneously with these names...
(3) And it seems that conscience itself remained with them forever in literature...
(4) Our people are surprisingly sensitive to talent; It is unlikely that anywhere else, among other people, one can find such sensitivity.
(5) For our reader (if we talk about literature), it is connected almost with personal hope; he treats talent not as a phenomenon that has appeared and exists independently of him - no, he hoped and waited, it was as if he had given part of his share for its birth, and he waited.
(6) The talent has not yet been recognized, it is only gaining strength, nothing audibly distinguishes it from a non-talent, but the reader, by some unknown currents and undercurrents, already knows about him and greedily catches his every word, searching for his pliable and unusually developed heart for her the truth about oneself and about one’s time, that holy and unevil truth, without which, as without labor, a person cannot exist in health and morality.
(7) And the loss of talent, its death is perceived by our reader and viewer as a personal tragedy.
(8) We forget, unfortunately, that he, a talent, having absorbed the artistic gift of many, many people, endowed with a seemingly huge heart of kindness and understanding, for his own life has this heart in one copy and of ordinary sizes - and even then, from the very beginning, sick with the pain of the same many, many people.
(9) Alexander Vampilov’s heart gave out just a few meters from the shore to which he was sailing, after the boat capsized when it encountered a snag hidden under the Baikal water...
(V. Rasputin)
1. Which statement does not correspond to the content of the text?
a) Conscience is what N. Rubtsov, V. Shukshin, A. Vampilov brought to Russian literature and left in it forever.
b) The reader greedily catches every word of a talented writer.
c) It is impossible to know the truth about yourself and your time.
d) Talent reveals to the reader that holy truth without which a person cannot exist.
2. Define the text style.
a) Scientific;
b) artistic;
c) business;
d) journalistic.
3. What words are key in the text?
a) Talent;
c) Baikal;
d) literature;
d) truth.
Which word begins with a soft voiced consonant?
c) barely;
d) health.
4. Indicate the means of artistic expression.
a) Evaluative vocabulary;
b) epithets;
c) metaphors;
d) anaphora;
e) parcellation;
e) hyperbole.
5. What is a synonym for the verb? hoped used in sentence 5? (Chayal.)
6. Indicate the means of connecting the last sentence (No. 9) with the previous part of the text. (Lexical repetition: heart, A. Vampilov.)
7. Which sentences have introductory words? (In sentences 2, 3, 8.)
8. Indicate sentences that contain participial phrases. (Sentences 6, 8, 9.)
9. Which characteristic of sentence 6 is true?
a) Non-union complex sentence;
b) complex sentence;
c) complex sentence;
d) a complex sentence with different types of allied and non-allied connections.
10. How many simple sentences are included in complex sentence 6?
a) 2; b) 3; at 4; d) 5.
11. Indicate phrases with a subordinating connection: adjacency:
a) Russian literature;
b) remained forever;
c) searching for the truth;
d) personal tragedy.
12. Write a summary (detailed or condensed) with an additional creative task. Choose one of the options:
1) continue the text by including what you know about N. Rubtsov, V. Shukshin, A. Vampilov;
2) express your attitude (agreement, doubt, disagreement) to the main thoughts of V. Rasputin.
XVII.Prepare for an expressive reading of the poem, which is dedicated to the front-line poet S. Orlov.
Four years
Fourth year in a row
war is your home, soldier.
But that's enough, the bad weather has passed.
There is another house -
they wait there and don’t sleep there
four years, four years.It's like days here,
and there are lights in the window
burning, not forgotten in the campaigns...
When would you know
how I need them -
four years, four years!When it's dark all around,
brighten your window...
It's time, it's time, tired infantry!
There are many words
but I keep one
four years, four years.(B. Okudzhava)
1. Write down sentences with appeals. What is their role in the text?
2. Observe the use of adverbs and pronouns in the text here there. What is the role of contrasting these words?
3. In what meanings are the words used in the text: house, lights, window?
4. Write down the last stanza, highlight the grammatical basics of the sentences. What exactly word (one word) do you think the poet-soldier keeps in his soul for four years of war?
5. Carry out a morphological, lexical, morphemic analysis of words: light, dark. Come up with suggestions with them.
6. Parse the phrases: fourth year, four years, I keep one, it’s dark all around, not forgotten in the campaigns.
XVIII.Read the beginning of the chapter “On the Right to Pain” from the story by Yu. Polyakov, dedicated to the front-line poet Georgy Suvorov. What is special about the beginning of the text?
When we say “film about war”, “poems about war”, there is no need to explain what we are talking about. Everyone understands this: there was a Civil War, there was a Finnish... and there was a war - the Great Patriotic War, which entered the genetic memory of the people who, in the fire of this test, gained such moral and historical experience that more than one generation of people will comprehend its depths.
This is where, in my opinion, 7 one should look for the vital 2 source of a seemingly strange phenomenon - military lyrics from generations that did not fight. Open the collection of any poet born in the 40s, 50s, even 60s, and you are sure to find poems about the war. They may be worse or better, but without them the lyrical world of a person who knows about the front only from oral stories, books, films, is as incomplete as if it lacked the memory of first love, mother, and thoughts about the meaning of life.
Poets themselves try to understand this blood passion:
Born in the fifties
We did not know war, and yet
To some extent, we all do too.
Those who returned from that war -
Nikolai Dmitriev offers 6 his explanation. In fact, each of us survived together with our father or grandfather, or more broadly, together with the entire people...
There is pain accomplice, and there is pain compatriot. A person whose Fatherland has suffered what befell our country has no need to borrow someone else’s pain, because it belongs to everyone and is passed on from generation to generation, as well as pride in the Victory. 4
Moreover, without passing this pain through your own soul, without realizing the high and tragic experience that the people endured from the war, you cannot be a truly modern person.
(1980–1982)
1. Determine the topic, the main ideas of the text.
2. Specify keywords. Title the passage.
3. With the help of what linguistic means is the connection between sentences and between paragraphs made?
4. Prove that this is a journalistic text.
6. How do you understand what it is? genetic memory?
7. Explain the meaning of words passion, lyrics.
8. Choose synonyms for verbs to comprehend, to gain. How are the words included in the synonymous series different?
9. Write down phrases with participles and gerunds. Parse one of the phrases.
10. Replace the participial and adverbial phrases in the last sentence with subordinate clauses. Compare synonymous constructions. Make an outline of a complex sentence.
11. Explain spellings and punctograms.
12. Prepare for expressive reading.
Learn by heart the lines of the poet N. Dmitriev, prepare to write from memory.
Find the odd one out:
a) absent, feel, verbal, participate;
b) in my opinion, truly, northeastern, a long time ago;
c) modern, accomplice, compatriot, empathy.
XIX.Read an excerpt from Yu. Polyakov’s story dedicated to the poet Georgy Suvorov who died at the front. Prepare for an expressive reading of the poem “Every Year.”
From the very beginning it was clear to me 3 that sooner or later I would write poems about Georgy Suvorov, because some facet of his personality and fate did not fit into the framework of ordinary articles, there remained a feeling of understatement that did not disappear6, however, 7 even after the appearance of these poems , with which3 I would like to end my lyrical digression.
Every year
They say that she comes here every year 1,
To the soldier's grave in this city
not close.And he puts flowers and stands, remembering the years,
That they lie awake, as if dead under
obelisk 5.They say that a young lieutenant lies buried here -
Frontline love that blinded the heart
once upon a time.He was cheerful and brave, he had irrepressible talent...
On a summer night, nightingales sing victoriously around the area,
On a winter night the blizzard breathes with pain like ours
era,
They say there is nothing more valuable in the world than love,
And they gave it all away - until their last breath!
1. What is the role in the text of the part that begins the passage and precedes the poem? Make an outline of a complex sentence.
2. Indicate the means of artistic expression that are used in the poetic text.
3. From the first part of the stanza, write down the rhyming words in pairs, indicate the parts of speech.
4. Indicate antonyms in the text.
5. Choose synonyms for the conjunction for. How are the words included in the synonymous series different?
6. Explain the meaning of phraseology didn't fit into the frame.
7. Parse the phrases: irrepressible talent, a sense of understatement, remembering the years, a lyrical digression, comes here.
8. Indicate one-part sentences and determine their type.
9. Explain spellings and punctograms.
10. Perform different types of analysis.
Which words have more sounds than letters?
a) Everyone, here;
b) remembering, singing;
c) at night, all the time;
d) nightingales, love.
In which row are only participles given?
a) Breathe, sing;
b) remembering, rests;
c) disappeared, blinded;
d) he’s coming, I’ll write.
Find the odd one out:
a) late;
b) heart;
c) feeling.
XX.Read the poem. Explain the meaning of the name.
Reply to a front-line soldier
Not burned by the forties,
Hearts rooted in silence,
Certainly,
we look with our eyes
others
For your big war.
We know by the confusing
difficult stories
About the bitter victorious path,
Therefore, at least our mind should
Go through the road of suffering.
And we'll sort it out
owe it to ourselves
In that pain
what the world has suffered...
Certainly,
we look with different eyes.
Same,
full of tears.(Yu. Polyakov, 1981)
1. Prepare for expressive reading.
2. Explain the meaning of phraseology look with different eyes.
3. What changes in the use of words look with different eyes at the end of the poem?
4. Write a sentence that uses synonyms way, road. How are these synonyms different?
5. What is the role of the introductory word in the text? Certainly? Find synonyms for this word.
6. Explain spellings and punctograms.
7. Select material from the text for different types of analysis. Parse it.
Parse the phrases: know from the stories, the path of victory, the road of suffering.
Come up with sentences (or phrases) with homonym words world.
For self-test
At the end of the poem in a sentence Of course we look with different eyes one meaning seems to be superimposed on another, and this is particularly expressive. Let's look with different eyes, that is differently, in your own way. Having read the lines “The same, full of tears,” we perceive the end of the poem differently: the words others And same getting closer. Answering the front-line soldier on behalf of the generation that was born after the war, the author says: we look “at your great war” through the eyes of other people, but with the same eyes, “full of tears.”
Find the odd one out: we look, we know, it has been transferred.
T.M. PAKHNOVA,
Moscow
In the era of the latest achievements of civilization that we are experiencing, a truly deep knowledge of the native language and mastery of its literary norms remains a mandatory requirement for every educated person. This requirement is connected with a very important aspect - the ecology of language. Just as in nature there are maximum levels of air pollution, water pollution, and radiation accumulation, at which irreversible processes of destruction begin, so in language there are limits to its distortion, coarsening, and violation of semantic, stylistic and grammatical norms.
Slide 15 from the presentation “Problems of ecology of the Russian language”. The size of the archive with the presentation is 363 KB.Russian language 11th grade
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"The importance of the native language in teaching foreign languages: problems, solutions and plans for the future." This was the name of the remote scientific and practical conference, first organized at the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi together with the editors of the electronic scientific and methodological journal and Internet portal “Uzbekistonda Khorizhiy Tilar” (“Foreign languages in Uzbekistan”). It was attended by university teachers, foreign experts and students.
At the opening of the remote conference, the Deputy Minister of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan M. Karimov, the rector of the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi Sh. Sirojiddinov and others especially noted the high results of the reforms carried out in the educational system of our country, emphasizing that all The legal basis for studying foreign languages is being strengthened, and the social importance of language learning among the population is increasing.
The fate of a people is inextricably linked with the fate of their native language. For the loss of one’s native language is the loss of the national spirit and history. The role of language in dialogue with other peoples, establishing friendly relations with them, and maintaining peace is invaluable.
The event discussed such topical issues as ensuring the implementation of the decree of the First President of our country “On measures to further improve the system of studying foreign languages” dated December 10, 2012 and the Decree “On the establishment of the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi” dated May 13 2016, studying relevant international experience, the importance of the native language in the process of teaching foreign languages in the system of continuous education, as well as mechanisms for improving the quality of education in this direction.
“This scientific and practical conference differs from ordinary ones in that it allows the general public to engage in a virtual discussion at any time and anywhere through modern information technologies,” says Gulmira Shukurova, director of the electronic scientific and methodological journal and Internet portal “Uzbekistonda Khorizhiy Tilar”. - The event serves such purposes as increasing the status of the Uzbek language, increasing the interest of young people in learning foreign languages, and implementing innovative projects.
“A person who knows his native language well, as a rule, learns foreign languages faster and easier,” says Nancy Eckles, a professor at Azusa Pacific University (USA). - Uzbekistan has an effective education system, which allows young people to thoroughly study foreign languages.
The remote scientific and practical conference will last until April 28 on the website www.conference.fledu.uz
