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It would seem that in our turbulent digital age it is wise to invest in paper? Against the backdrop of the unfolding economic crisis, think about the aesthetics of the product and the “special quality”? Reinvent bike notebook? Worried about customers' tactile sensations? Two St. Petersburg daredevils - Andy Martin and Elena Shvarova, co-owners of the BOOKOVSKY company - answered “yes” to all these questions. And this is what came out of it.
How it all began
Still, fate leads entrepreneurs to the starting point along winding paths. Could an 18-year-old student who chose the exciting path of a mechanical engineer know that he would not be an engineer or a mechanic, but would be a graphic designer Andy Martin (a pseudonym that became a name), an art director of a branding studio, and even the founder of his own brand image stationery products? Hardly. And yet.
Andy Martin
Over the past 20 years, Andy Martin has managed to work in various design studios in Moscow and St. Petersburg, receive several professional awards and even become a co-owner of a branding bureauO.D.B.. Why did he need all this? BOOKOVSKY – it’s hard to say in a nutshell.
“I have always had an interest in pencils and good paper. This feeling of contact with magic comes from childhood, at least from Soviet childhood. For a long time I toyed with the idea that a notebook is not just a notebook or a diary, it can be part of a style, an identifier, an indicator of status. At some point I decided: I need to either make my own notebooks or throw them out of my head.”
In June 2014, Andy came up with the concept for the first notebook. After the prototype appeared, Elena Shvarova got involved in the business, eventually becoming a partner and co-owner of the company. She came up with the name BOOKOVSKY , Andy made the logo: “Then it was just hard to stop.”
Elena Shvarova
There was another reason why BOOKOVSKY . Andy spent two decades in branding, working with other people's products. “In the end, I wanted to look at the situation from the inside.”
Finally, theoretical training also played a role - Andy read the magazine “The Secret of the Company” for several years, and he still has two boxes of magazines. This interest, in turn, was influenced by the book “Parkinson’s Laws” (Cyril Parkinson is the author of satirical works on business, management and political science), read once in the 90s. But the founder’s story made an even greater impression on the aspiring entrepreneur Starbucks : “I was simply amazed with how persistently a person can achieve his goal.” Elena experienced a similar effect from the book “To hell with everything, take it and do it” - the manifesto of the extravagant Richard Branson.
However, Andy adds, stories about other people's successes and interesting startups can add motivation to an entrepreneur, but they will not teach the tricks of business. When the owners BOOKOVSKY We were faced with a lack of understanding of when and how to reduce or increase costs, what are the pitfalls in contracts with large chains, etc. – they received really valuable information from their entrepreneurial friends.
Specific market
The idea of making a product, and not just selling it, arose from observations of the Russian notebook market. According to entrepreneurs, this market, on the one hand, is heterogeneous, on the other hand, it is extremely conservative: there are a lot of the same type of goods from different manufacturers. The majority of its supply consists of office supplies produced on an industrial scale. Both international brands (Moleskine, Leuchtturm, Arwey) and Russian ones (InFolio) are active here. The niche of original products is almost completely occupied by hand-made: craft, recycled paper, braid, etc.
“Such interesting serial products as those Smythson, Midory, Field Notes no one produces in Russia. Our original “stationery” looks something like this: these are sheets of paper sewn together or even simply folded, wrapped in a sheet of leather and tied with an elastic band. This is hand-made without standards. We decided to show that a small brand can be of comparable quality to big brands. That there may be an original product, but not hand-made in the usual sense.”
Mass market requires large circulations, and, as a rule, Chinese assembly and printing are cheaper. Large players (as a rule, these are Moscow companies) buy in volumes, not ideas - the more universal the model, the better it will sell. This is exactly the kind of product we see in most office supply stores. Original producers prefer to work with bookstores, where entry is easier and competition is thinner.
“We did not have the task of “breaking” others, we wanted to offer the market an alternative, make serial notebooks, but with a distinct personality. A product that is not inferior in quality to large brands, and is not assembled on an industrial scale somewhere in China, but in small batches in St. Petersburg, where we ourselves could control the quality and the entire production process.”
According to Elena, this niche cannot be called quiet: recently, the stationery market has been developing due to new brands that produce handmade notebooks and sketchbooks. However, although there are many players here, their products are very similar. There is no dedicated community of small stationery manufacturers - every man for himself. There is active interaction with paper suppliers and printing houses - they are more interested in cooperation and exchange of ideas.
First steps
The entrepreneurs planned to conduct sales with the help of partners - providing their products to retail and online stores in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The first four months were spent on the production of test samples: they calculated designs, made concepts, looked for the face of the product - so as not to end up with something that was already on the market.
“I kept thinking: what do we want to do, for whom? Money cannot be the goal of business. He must have an idea. If you want to make money, you have to make business sense."
It would seem, who needs notepads in our completely digital age?
Initially, BOOKOVSKY products were positioned as notebooks for city life - compact, convenient, which you want to carry with you, because they are part of your style. Who needs it? Students, journalists, business people. It is important for them that every detail matches the image.
“These are creative people for whom self-expression and aesthetics are important. – Elena explains. - They care where they write or draw. The notebook itself inspires you. And here the quality of the paper is important.”
“It’s hard to explain,” adds Andy, “to understand the difference, you have to run your hand over the cover or try how a pencil writes on paper. In addition, m We consciously moved away from lined or checkered sheets in order to leave a person with a blank sheet of paper and more opportunities for creativity. At the same time, the notebook has a special lined insert. A person can place it under a sheet of paper and write smoothly. It’s a small thing, but it’s nice that they thought of you. These are also brand standards.”
In choosing the paper, Andy used his extensive experience of communicating with printers. In addition, entrepreneurs stood out with non-standard sizes and proportions of notebooks - there were simply no such things on the market. During testing, some types of paper were rejected for technical reasons - some did not crease well (creasing is the extrusion of lines along which the sheet is then easily bent), while others had an edge that crumbled when cutting.
To please a discerning audience, it was necessary to take into account thousands of nuances. So, a sketchbook is intended primarily for drawing, so its sheets should be suitable for sketching with any material - pencil, ink, watercolor. In search of the optimal density, I had to try a lot of different papers. Entrepreneurs drew and made sure that the paper, for example, did not curl when wet. We drew until we found what we needed.
“A notepad is generally a pleasant way to save the most important things. Especially for kinesthetic aesthetes"
First sales
The production of BOOKOVSKY notebooks is entirely concentrated in St. Petersburg. Andy makes all the models, prototypes, and graphics himself. On Elena - ideology and communication with stores.
The first "official" series of notebooks BOOKOVSKY was released in the fall of 2014. It cost the partners a thousand dollars - that’s how much they cost paper, springs, wire, ordering covers from a printing house. However, the first sales happened even earlier - test samples from entrepreneurs were bought by acquaintances, who told their friends about the brand, and they told theirs. This is how word of mouth started working. In November, a group was opened on VKontakte: you could place an order here. At that time, St. Petersburg residents had two models of notebooks and branded black pencils in their assortment. Having your own online store seemed like overkill back then.
And today Instagram and the group in " In contact with» are the main channels for brand promotion. However, there are complaints about the effectiveness of the latter - so BOOKOVSKY are taking a closer look at Facebook.
In the mentioned first batch there were only 100 pieces of two types of notebooks: City Notes and Coffee Notes. The first is a city notebook for notes, notes and sketches. A distinctive feature is the cover, made of a material pleasant to the touch (touch cover), which wipes off over time and becomes even more pleasant. The cover shows a map of London - this is a trick: people want to pick up the notebook and look at the map, looking for familiar names. Coffee Notes with tear-out sheets is made on the principle of “notes on napkins”, when you need to quickly write down your thoughts or leave a phone number for someone.
In January 2015 BOOKOVSKY decided to offer their notebooks to stores. The first was the book “Subscription Editions” - simply because we liked it ourselves - for the atmosphere and good books. “Publications” took a trial batch for sale - 10 notebooks of each model and 10 pencils. The batch was sold within a month. The next delivery already included a new model of notebooks - a sketchbook on a spring.
Today the company has about twenty such points of sale - mainly bookstores in the central part of the city, although notebooks from the St. Petersburg brand can also be found in fashion stores, such as LUUK and Bolshoi.
Shopping
“Friends warned that “getting on the shelf” would be very difficult. – says Elena, “When we went to negotiate at the first store, we were ready for refusal. In fact, 9 out of 10 stores are willing to take notepads for sale. True, then sometimes difficulties arise with controlling payments. Well, there’s probably no escape from this.”
According to entrepreneurs, they were allowed into all stores where BOOKOVSKY products are offered today without an entrance fee. Andy and Elena explain this approach by their business profile: stationery and bookstores are not chain retail: if they like the product, they buy it with interest. However, only on the terms of sale, throwing your 50-100% on top. Nobody wants to take on additional risks.
For a year now, BOOKOVSKY has been eyeing Moscow - large stores there, including chain stores, are of greatest interest to the St. Petersburg brand. Alas, this means a markup of 150% and what is delicately called “not always comfortable payment conditions” - the same late payments. So the conquest of the capital has been postponed for now.
A few months ago, notebook manufacturers began collaborating with illustrator Ekaterina Khozatskaya, who is leading a project about the establishments of St. Petersburg Between the Bars Now they are making notebooks with illustrations of Catherine on the cover. They work on pre-order, producing notebooks with illustrations of your choice, and there are already more than 40 of them with images of various bars and cafes. Such notebooks are bought, firstly, by fans of Ms. Khozatskaya’s work. And, secondly, BOOKOVSKY offers the establishments shown in the illustrations to sell products as promotional items in their bars.
“Our competitors now are those with whom we find ourselves next to on store shelves. These are manufacturers of our rank - for example, Voodoo Book and Memorandum , and big brands like Moleskine. But we do not focus on them in production. American is closest to our spirit Field Notes . They are different, completely independent."
FamilyBOOKOVSKY
Today the creators BOOKOVSKY offer customers six models of notepads and sketchbooks. Two more will appear soon - a sketchbook and an A5 notebook. A distinctive feature of all notebooks of the St. Petersburg brand are unlined sheets. There are three varieties in the assortment - on a spring (for drawing and sketching), on a paper clip (for notes and sketches), and tear-off (for notes). In addition, there are branded pencils - their rigidity is best suited for the paper used in notebooks. They are made of ebony, meaning when you sharpen the pencil it is still black. The pencil complements the notebook; they are made in the same style.
The basis of the brand is three basic models.BOOKOVSKY City Notes – this is a black notebook with a paper clip, with milk paper inside, format 105x145. This is a notebook for every day, with an original cover that wears out over time like denim. BOOKOVSKY Cafe Notes – a narrow notebook for notes, tear-off with perforation, with a leather-like cover. Presentable and looks like an accessory. BOOKOVSKY Sketchbook Travel is a square 20x20 cm album for sketches and illustrations.
“We are now planning to release a branded diary. It will be undated and unlined. Not a “stationery” diary, but rather a partner for every day. For me, in this sense, the standard is a notebook Smythson and their philosophy, the tradition of using a notebook as a travel aid. To paraphrase a phrase from a Guy Ritchie film, if you take out a Smithsonian at a meeting, then it’s immediately clear: you are a well-mannered person, you have taste, and you can do business with you. We also try to make such notebooks,” says Andy.
Manual assembly
All notepad models BOOKOVSKY standardized, that is, for each one it is known in advance what kind of paper is used, what the cover will be, what dimensions, etc. As a rule, it all starts with the purchase of the required volume of paper, then entrepreneurs order a cover separately from the printing house. Once ready, assembly begins: they cut the paper, run around, fasten the inner sheets and cover together, and trim it again. At the last stage, the corners of the notebook are rounded.
“Assembling in-house, as opposed to printing, allows us to control the quality,” explains Andy. – Of course, we had to buy some equipment (rounders, cutters, booklet makers, stamps, presses, staple installers), but we’re even glad. Some ideas are generally difficult to implement in a printing house - for example, no one makes notebooks with tear-out sheets in the cover.”
Annual production of notepads BOOKOVSKY Almost has not changed: they are assembled by hand in a workshop that is part of the office. Records of sales and stock balances are maintained. By the way, during the assembly the company’s staff grows to three people - there is a visiting assistant. Complex indoor units with perforations are outsourced.
Basically, St. Petersburg residents use imported designer paper, most often from the German Gmund factory. There are not many notebooks made from such materials on the market. In the mass market, simpler and cheaper paper is usually used.
“We buy paper from the companies “Bereg”, “Antalis” and a little from “Double V”. The material is imported, so prices are tied to the currency. If a year ago a sheet of colored paper 100x70cm cost about 200 rubles, now it’s 400-500. We cannot choose cheaper paper - the tactile sensations from contact with the brand are very important to us. The paper we chose is a component of the brand, the style by which our notebooks are recognized. Alas, designer paper is not produced in Russia. There are generally problems with tinted ones - there are few of them. Tinted paper is a special aesthetic, after which you don’t even want to look at ordinary office paper.”
Weather the storm
The markup that manufacturers include in the selling price is floating and depends on the model. They try to keep the cost price to no more than two dollars - this is from 20 to 50% of the price of the notebook (the average price is 300 rubles). According to entrepreneurs, one point sells from 5 to 10 copies monthly. Of course, the figures are modest. In addition, due to the crisis, profits decreased - paper became more expensive, but St. Petersburg residents did not raise prices for notebooks. The logic is simple: we need to wait out the storm.
“The office is not an essential item, so now many people save on such pleasure,” admits Elena. “But as soon as the economic situation in the country improves, the demand for stylish office supplies will begin to grow.”
The cost of notebooks is mainly formed by materials and printing costs. The purchase of equipment also required significant investments. And although entrepreneurs did without loans and external investments (and there were no people willing to invest), everything they earn is now invested in development.
Lack of staff means significant savings on wages. “We started the business together, and now we work like that. We develop notebook models ourselves, we run groups on social networks ourselves, we negotiate with stores and do reporting ourselves. We’re coping for now,” Elena summarizes.
Business leaves time for partners to do other things. Both Andy and Elena continue to develop strategies and designs in the branding studio.
Work on mistakes
“I thought: let’s make a cool product, and it will immediately be in demand by the consumer. Practice has shown that not everything is so simple, we still need to reach this consumer. - Andy recalls. - For example, at first we focused on corporate sales. It seemed that this would be more effective. We still have our share of such orders, but now I am sure that the mass market is a much better path for our product. It is interesting for its diversity and gives freedom of maneuver. In corporate sales, as a rule, 1-2 models are in demand and that’s it.”
In addition, manufacturers are faced with a wary attitude of the audience towards the brand.
“A notebook made of good paper, assembled by hand, is not a cheap pleasure,” admits Elena. - Many people don’t yet understand what they are paying for. That is, people like certain models and would be happy to receive something from BOOKOVSKY , but they are not always ready to buy it for themselves; they say it’s “expensive.” In addition, the consumer is accustomed to the fact that if a brand is not mass-produced, then it is clearly hand-made - using craft, leather, ribbons and other things. People are just starting to get used to mass-produced stationery that is assembled by hand.”
“Now the main emphasis in sales has shifted to working with stores. – says Elena. – There are plans to increase the number of points and begin cooperation with Moscow stores. We were also convinced that you can’t do without your own online store - uh then, first of all, the comfort of the consumer: there he can independently place an order and immediately pay in a way convenient for him. In the modern world, everyone is used to this, so you have to live up to the level. We are currently in the process of launching an online store.”
The office business - like any other - has its own specifics. Here you need not only to understand the materials. It is also necessary to guess the still unformed desires of the audience, constantly monitor the market, and not only the Russian one, and get acquainted with new products and approaches of other manufacturers. You need to understand the nature of demand. It turned out that there is also a seasonality factor in sales of executive stationery, although not very pronounced. In souvenir shops, the peak sales of notebooks occur during the tourist season. In addition, stationery supplies are actively purchased by students before the start of the academic year, although there is no noticeable surge in demand in the high price segment.
The past year has taught Andy a lot: “Let's say, the peculiarity of our printing houses is that they always strive to simplify everything. Do what is most convenient for them. If you need a certain type of tinted paper, make sure that it is the one in the final print run and not a similar one. In the end, we now buy all the paper ourselves - it’s also cheaper.”
Another important conclusion that the owners made for themselves BOOKOVSKY - You cannot be a brand for everyone at the same time.
“We followed the lead of the market - we released a whole series of “gift” notebooks with colored covers, textured paper, and embossing. We spent a lot of time, but these notebooks turned out to be not in great demand. I have read many times that when a company, in addition to basic models, begins to produce some fashionable or seasonal items, as a result the understanding of who it is, for whom and for what is blurred. Of course, when you read about this, you think, “I won’t do that,” but in a real market, mistakes are inevitable. I had to stay within my own style."
“We saw it, we saw it, well done”
Promotion BOOKOVSKY built mainly via the Internet. In this sense, groups on social networks work well. In addition, the company cooperates with the student marketing competition “Marketorium” - this is direct contact with the target audience.
Very soon a full-fledged website with an online store will be launched, where you can buy any model of notepads and sketchbooks. Finally, stores are also a promotion channel where people can look and touch (which is important) all the notebooks.
“You come to a new store to negotiate cooperation, and they say to you: “We’ve heard about you” - it’s nice. In general, the stores themselves are a good tool for promotion: even if people don’t buy, they still see the brand and remember it.”
Elena is sure that BOOKOVSKY It will be possible to bring it to the Western market - the brand style and quality are fully consistent with the European level. In addition, there are thoughts of selling a franchise. No one has yet offered to buy a business for St. Petersburg manufacturers of conceptual “stationery.” Although there were pleasant reviews from major market players - they say, they saw it, they saw it, well done.
* The calculations use average data for Russia
Is it possible to make money from handmade notebooks? In this article we’ll talk about a small but cozy handmade stationery business and its trends that need to be caught in order to please the buyer.
It would seem that in our digital age, opening a business in an office is impractical. Is it worth producing handmade notebooks when all notes have long since migrated from paper to smartphones? Current trends in the stationery market claim that it is worth it. Today, notepads are still popular. But these are no longer standard notebooks with lined pages, but individual and stylish planners, diaries, sketchbooks... Modern notebooks have transformed from an item for keeping notes into a way of self-expression, demonstration of individuality, and creativity. The paper office got a second wind. And the handmade market supports it.
What notepads are popular today
Today, the choice of notebooks is extremely huge and it is easy to get lost in this variety. The paper stationery market can be called diverse, but quite conservative, since many similar products from different manufacturers are presented on the shelves. The majority of the supply consists of office supplies produced on an industrial scale. Mass market, as a rule, is Chinese assembly and printing. The versatility of the model is valued here because it is the easiest to sell.
But despite this, in recent years the stationery market has been developing dynamically due to new manufacturers who respond faster to trends, adapt to consumer needs and are ready to experiment.
Several types of notepads have become popular in the last two years:
1. Creative notebooks – interactive diaries with creative tasks;
2. Planners - notepads-organizers in which it is convenient to write down your daily plans;
3. Sketchbooks – mini-albums for sketches;
4. Notebooks for pregnant women, in which expectant mothers keep a pregnancy diary;
5. Notebooks for different types of professions with thematic design and different content;
6.Business notebooks with convenient lines;
7. notebooks for book lovers, designed for keeping a reading diary; and even
8. Other unusual notebooks, for example, for planning activities on Instagram.
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A large number of fashion trends in the world of notebooks open up endless possibilities for organizing your creative business. You can choose several formats, or focus on one trend. Make notebooks by hand, or be a generator of ideas, entrusting the production to a printing house.
When planning to start producing notepads, you should understand the specifics of the stationery business. First, you need to understand the materials. Secondly, you need to have the ability to guess the still unformed desires of the audience, constantly monitor the market (and not only the Russian one), get acquainted with new products and always be “in the know.” Thirdly, have certain creative abilities and handicraft skills. The latter, however, is not just a wish, but the main requirement for the implementation of this project. Because the guide was created specifically for those who want to turn their creativity into business.
So, let’s name the main demand trends that you should focus on when planning your business:
consumers value individuality;
a notebook is a way of self-expression;
love for unusual notebook concepts.
Today, notepads are valued for everything that sets them apart from smartphones. A smartphone can also write down a phone number, set a reminder about an important event, or save an important thought. But it cannot become a striking detail of the image, reflecting your personality; it doesn’t have colorful pages or a convenient habit tracker where you can mark your successes; And you can’t draw or put stickers in it. But a notepad can do all this.
How to choose a concept for notebooks
How to decide on a concept? What creative ideas can you use to stand out in the market? First, let's take a closer look at examples of notebooks.
Notebook planner. This is a notebook for daily and long-term planning. The sheets in it are lined into convenient tables that allow you to visually present information. Planners help you plan your day, create convenient lists, manage time, set goals, motivate and focus your attention. Such diaries are usually used by business, organized people who are used to living according to a certain schedule and want to organize their notes.
The design of such notebooks can use both discreet designs and bright prints. It all depends on who the notebook is intended for.
A variety of notebook planners are business notebooks and content planners. The first ones are fully adapted for business people. Such diaries look serious, expensive and minimalistic. You can appear with them at negotiations, meetings and in the office. The main feature of such notebooks is their convenient layout, which contains many useful items. More recently, content planners adapted for maintaining an Instagram account have appeared on the market.
Diaries for expectant mothers. Such notebooks fulfill the desire to keep a pregnancy diary. They are one of the most popular types of notepads. Their design is usually bright and active, because the main goal of such a diary is to please its owner.
Notebooks on interests and professions. Often on the Internet you can find notebooks for photographers, makeup artists, sketchbooks for artists, etc. And thanks to the famous Moleskin brand, readers' diaries have become classics of the genre. In such notebooks, it is not so much the appearance that is valued, but the internal content, adapted specifically to the stated topic.
Ready ideas for your business
Classic notebooks. These are notebooks with regular lines or blank sheets in which you can write down any notes, not limited to tables, columns and lists.
Creative notebooks. They contain original tasks - they can be entertaining, creative, creative, motivating, developing, etc. Typically, such notebooks are made in a printing house.
To open your own business producing handmade notepads, you need to choose a concept. Spreading over different types of notebooks is irrational. After all, each model requires careful development, creating templates, planning content, etc. In addition, the audience for these notebooks is completely different, which will create difficulties in conducting an advertising campaign. It is better to choose a specific concept and develop it: come up with original ways of implementation and branded “tricks”.
How to make handmade notebooks and where to learn it
Once you have decided on your target audience, you can start creating design projects for notebooks. The notepad production process looks simple. First, you need to plan the internal and external design of the notebook, after which page templates are created and the cover is made. Then comes the stage of printing templates and assembling notebooks.
When planning the design of notebooks, you need to imagine who will use it. It is for the selected audience that the design and features of notebooks are developed, which should interest buyers. Another point is that the interior and exterior design must be compatible with each other in both color and style.
Ready ideas for your business
To stand out from other needlewomen, you can add a signature “trick” to your work. For example, some needlewomen make shaker windows on their notebooks, which are a thick transparent bag filled with a special oily liquid, sparkles and sequins. By the way, this decor is especially popular this year.
Some rely on bright prints, others on laconic design and natural materials.
There are notebooks that have many pockets, interactive parts that can be opened, moved, taken out, etc.
Ideas for such original details, as well as options for the design and layout of notebooks, can be found on the Internet - thousands of craftsmen post their work. Page templates can be made in Photoshop or CoralDraw.
Depending on the type of notepad, the process of its production may vary. There are simple notebooks for which it is enough to make a simple cover with a ring mechanism and print the pages according to templates. There are more complex designs that include custom covers, leather materials, etc., which will require the use of additional machines. And there are designer notebooks, where each sheet is processed manually. Of course, all this is reflected in the cost of notebooks.
To make handmade notebooks, you will need the following equipment:
-
Sheet cutting machine;
Sewing machine;
Corner cutter;
Booklet puncher;
Small tools (scissors, hole punches, etc.);
Consumables (paper, glue, threads, elements for decoration).
Computer;
Depending on the equipment used, the size of the business and its focus, different levels of investment may be required. The total investment amount will be approximately 50 thousand rubles.
Ready ideas for your business
Open access video lessons and master classes published by many craftswomen will help you master this type of needlework or improve your skills. If possible, you can take courses to master some technique. It is advisable to already have experience in needlework to save time and money.
Where to buy materials for creating notebooks
It is best to buy materials for scrapbooking from online stores. You should study the offers of the main stores in advance: compare prices, conditions and delivery times. It is better to place large orders to save on delivery. For the same purpose of saving, it is advisable to choose scrap stores that have the maximum number of necessary things. It's better to work with a couple of trusted suppliers than to get confused with your orders and overpay for delivery.
Single items can also be purchased in local stores. Although their prices are noticeably higher, you can get the necessary material immediately without waiting for delivery.
How to set the right price for products
To determine the price of a product, you must calculate the cost of its production. The first type of cost is the cost of materials. Here the calculation is very simple: you need to determine how many materials were spent on 1 notebook and their cost. It is advisable to make this calculation during your first job in order to determine the costs of materials and, perhaps, think about how they can be reduced.
The second type of cost included in the cost is payment for the work itself. After all, the process of making a notebook takes time - and it must also be paid for. And here a difficult question arises: how much does labor cost? To answer with numbers, use two options: either set the price based on the amount of markup from the cost (sometimes the markup can be 150-200%); or calculate how much an hour of your work costs. To do this, you should determine how much you want to earn per month, then divide this amount into 22 working days and 8 working hours per day. Now it’s easier to calculate the price of a product: just multiply the cost of an hour of your work by the number of hours spent on making the order.
So, for each type of notepad the cost will be different depending on the complexity of the work and production technology.
Studying the offer can help in setting prices. Look at what prices your competitors sell their products at? Based on this, set prices for your products. The cost of handmade notebooks varies from 700 to 3000 rubles.
How to advertise your products
Today, social networks are the main channels for promoting handmade products. By the way, it ranks third in popularity among all online purchases. This allows you to have high expectations for social networks. The most effective is Instagram, which is ideal for promoting visually appealing products.
The advantage of this advertising is that it can be completely free. All you have to do is keep an account, post photos of your work and gradually gain subscribers. But by investing a small amount in promotion, you can get a good return and quickly gain your audience. Thanks to the automatic service, it is very easy to launch a promotion on Instagram aimed at attracting followers. You can provide your notebook to a popular blogger who will agree to advertise your products in return. Another effective option is to hold various promotions. You can hold a competition and raffle off a notebook, provide temporary discounts on goods, etc.
Another advertising tool can be beautiful packaging. People are drawn to everything beautiful. And if the design of your notebook is beautiful, then the packaging should match. Photos in the “notebook in action” style will also work: show how you can use your notebooks, how you can write out your notes in them. If people like it, they will want to repeat it and buy your notebook. You can see original post design ideas on Pinterest.
It is possible to agree on sales of your notebooks in stores. Bookstores are the most willing to sell creative notebooks.
You can also participate in handmade fairs, publish advertisements on various websites, or create accounts on handicraft websites. For example, on the website “Masters Fair”.
How much can you earn from notepads?
The amount of earnings is strongly tied to the time of production of one order. Handmade means limited sales. Whatever you say, it’s impossible to sell 20 notebooks in a month when you physically can make no more than 10 pieces. Therefore, when approximately calculating the profit margin, you should understand your production maximum, which depends on the complexity of the work.
If you take a standard notebook, the production of which consists of making a cover and assembling a printed block of sheets, then 1 notebook will take, on average, 2 working days. This means that the maximum number of completed orders per month will be 11 pieces. With an average cost of 1,500 rubles, you can count on monthly revenue of 16,500 rubles. The amount, of course, is not amazing with the number of zeros, but it can be increased if you make notebooks in advance and sell ready-made products. Or you can bet on more expensive products.
By investing up to 50 thousand rubles in a business, you can recoup it in the first six months of operation.
It is important to understand that this business is, first of all, a hobby, and only then a business. If you want to earn big money, then you need to invest in production, hire several needlewomen and reach other sales volumes. It all depends on what goal you set for yourself. The handmade stationery market knows examples when a hobby became a profitable business. With a competent approach in this area, you can achieve good results.
Is it worth registering your business?
For the handicraft industry, this issue is quite complex. Is it worth opening your own individual entrepreneur, officially registering a business and paying taxes? The law says that this must be done. In reality, most needlewomen avoid formalities and are in no hurry to register their business until there are stable orders and an established client base.
If you belong to the category of law-abiding entrepreneurs and plan to actively develop your business, then you need to register it. To do this, it is enough to register an individual entrepreneur, install a simplified taxation system and not worry that the tax inspector will knock on your door in the middle of the night. It is recommended to use code 47.91 as OKVED - Retail trade by mail or via the Internet information and communication network.
Instead of a conclusion
To summarize, let’s outline all the pros and cons of the handmade notepad business. The advantages include:
- opportunity to work from home;
- low investment;
- hobby business;
- an interesting and fashionable type of business;
- creative business;
- ability to combine with the main type of work;
The advantages in this case are related to the convenience of organizing a business. But the disadvantages speak quite specifically about the project:
- limited production;
- low income;
- unstable business with some seasonality;
- In order for products to be competitive, it is necessary to come up with new notebook concepts.
You can endlessly weigh the pros and cons. But the most important thing is to do what you love. If you approach it wisely, carefully plan all stages of work and create from the heart, you can achieve success in this matter and become one of the lucky ones who managed to turn their hobby into a business.
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Program.
Bookbinding and cardboard business
according to the special (correctional) program
educational institutionVIIItype 5-9 grades,
collection No. 2. – M.: Humanitarian Publishing Center VLADOS, 2000.
Moscow 2007
BINDING AND CARDBOARD BUSINESS
Explanatory note
The training program is intended for the professional organization of students of auxiliary schools of the VIII type, primarily those schoolchildren who, due to their psychophysical condition, cannot engage in metal or wood processing, since this is associated with quite serious physical activity and requires endurance to industrial noise.
When recruiting a work group for training in bookbinding and cartoning, the following should be taken into account:
· the student’s interest and inclination towards various types of work of the named profile;
· features of the student’s psychophysical and somatic state;
· the possibility of employment for a student near his place of residence;
· specialization of the enterprise where the graduate will be employed.
Observations of the work of students in manual labor lessons in the lower grades provide the teacher with grounds for appropriate conclusions, allow him to successfully organize the educational process, and contribute to the development of a differentiated approach to each student.
When organizing training, the teacher is guided by the requirements of those enterprises where graduates will be employed in the future.
Training includes theoretical and practical materials. His task includes:
· Develop general work skills and abilities and, on their basis, correct the psychophysical state of students.
· Train schoolchildren to perform both manual and machine technological operations, first simple, then more complex.
· Develop a clear understanding of professional terminology among students.
· Develop students’ speech based on their practical activities.
· Teach schoolchildren to plan their work, use technical and technological documentation (make sketches, read drawings and work on them).
· Develop in students sufficiently strong professional skills in handling materials, tools and machines, teach methods of self-monitoring for the correctness of actions performed.
· Teach students basic calculations for material consumption.
Classes, if necessary, are connected with disciplines studied in other lessons, due to which interdisciplinary connections are made. The teaching of general education disciplines, in turn, is carried out taking into account what students learn in labor training lessons. For example, in Russian language lessons, children repeat some professional terms, in mathematics lessons they solve problems, calculating the consumption of materials and the number of parts required to complete cardboard work, in drawing lessons they read and make technical drawings and blueprints, in natural science lessons they get acquainted with methods of extracting raw materials going to the production of bookbinding materials, in history lessons they study individual articles from labor legislation.
In addition, work under this program involves the connection of training with the specific conditions of the school and the capabilities of the base enterprise.
During training, the level of development of professional skills among schoolchildren is constantly taken into account. Conventionally, four stages of learning cardboard bookbinding can be distinguished:
Skills. Making a sketch based on a product sample. Using a product sketch during the work process. Planning work in conversation with the teacher.
Practical repetition.
Types of work (according to the program for grades 5-6). Production of an open box, a case for storing documents, a notebook in a flexible edged cover and a notebook in a solid fabric hardcover.
Repair of a single-book book.
Products. Cover for a book or magazine from a school library, for a children's book of brochure type.
Theoretical information. Brochure concept. Advantages and disadvantages of one-book binding as one of the types of binding of book and brochure products. Details of a one-book binding (notebook, cover and staple). Techniques for saddle stitching on a wire stitching machine when repairing two-staple brochures. The design and principle of operation of a wire sewing machine. Setting up and preparing the machine for saddle stitching. The position of the machine's work table when sewing saddle stitch. Rules for safe work when sewing on a wire sewing machine. Technology for sealing binding covers in single-book binding using endpapers. The concepts of flexible - hard, composite - solid edged with edges. Types of material for the spine or cover.
Exercises. Making a folded endpaper. Determining the right angle on a sheet of paper and cardboard: using a square, by pinching, by eye. Setting a right angle when cutting cardboard on a KN-1 cardboard cutting machine. Determining the direction of fibers in cardboard, paper and technical fabric when preparing parts for a one-book binding. Techniques for cutting parts from various materials using scissors, a knife and a cardboard cutter.
Practical work. Folding sheets and stacking with tabs. Gluing the cover. Saddle stitching in two staples. Sealing covers of one-book children's books and magazines. Cover section. Making endpapers with folds. Cut cardboard sides. Assembling the binding cover. Sticker of the book cover on the lid. Completing a one-book block with a fold-over endpaper. Saddle stitching with wire along the spine. Inserting the block into the binding cover. (Sealing of covers can be carried out in both edged binding and edging binding, as well as in flexible or hard binding.)
Puncture binding.
Products. Bindings for office books, classroom journals, magazine or newspaper collections, collections of accounting documents.
Theoretical information. Application of pierced and brochure bindings. Fastening the parts of a punctured binding, using a stitched endpaper with a fold. Sewing a set-in with wire when making punctured binding with a thickness of more than 15-20 mm. Drilling or piercing holes with an awl in bindings more than 15-20 mm thick. Connecting the block with harsh threads or braid. Taping the spine before attaching the block. Features of the design of the binding cover of the puncture binding. Purpose of hinges. Cutting a cardboard gap equal to the thickness of the block. The procedure for assembling the binding cover for composite and all-fabric designs of puncture binding on hinges.
Exercises. Unraveling of sheets when making a stitched endpaper with a fold. Lowering and gluing the fabric fold. The arrangement of elements by eye and using a ruler when assembling the binding cover (the distance between the hinges and the cardboard sides is 5 mm, between the hinges and the gap - 2.5 mm).
Practical work. Selection and preparation of materials for the block. Making an endpaper with a stitched fabric fold in unraveling. Dissolving sheets taking into account the width of the hinge of the binding cover. Sealing the spine of the block. Sewing a block foot stitch with wire. (For a block thickness of more than 15-20 mm, puncture holes.) Trimming the block on three sides. Making a binding cover in a solid or composite binding (close the cardboard sides, cut off the hinges from them, close the cardboard gap and cover material). Assembling the binding cover by eye, taking into account the location of the cardboard sides, hinges and gap.
Independent work.
Making a book bound in pierced binding. (The endpaper is sewn with a fold when sewing a block in a set-in.) Orientation according to the drawing. Analysis of work quality.
IIquarter
Introductory lesson.
Types of endpapers and their purpose in different bindings
Theoretical information. The concept of bookends. The purpose of the endpaper in a binding. Types of endpapers by design (glued-on, sew-on, stitched, sewn-on with a fold, slip-on, compound, glued-on with a fold) and by design (simple, colored, decorative and thematic). Purpose of the false.
Exercises. Determination of endpaper types using samples of bookbinding products.
Practical work. A selection of paper and fabric for different types of endpapers. Making different endpapers. Making endpapers with folds (stitched, sewn on and compound glued).
Production of blocks with different types of endpapers.
Products. Notebook. General notebook. Book model.
Theoretical information. Familiarization with different block designs and the use of endpapers in them. Selection of paper for endpapers. Technological process for making endpapers of different types. The fundamental difference between brochure and book and magazine products. Technical requirements for the quality of book and magazine products. Use of new materials in the printing industry. Difference between single-tetrad and multi-tetrad block connections. Moving parts and binding areas. Technical specifications for making various connections between the block and the book binding. The role of spacers in a binding cover. The concept of dissolution.
Laboratory works. Comparison of methods for sewing blocks using stitched and sewn endpapers. Determination of the strength of endpapers with and without fabric folding. Determination of the strength of the connection between the block and the binding covers when using endpapers of different designs. Determining the direction of the fibers of folds and endpapers when preparing a spread. Coating certain parts of endpapers with glue.
Practical work. Sewing by gripping threads of a multi-tetrad block. Making a product with a composite adhesive endpaper with a fold. Marking and cutting the block. Compliance with safety rules when handling needles and piercing instruments. Compliance with technological requirements when cutting a block and product on a paper cutting machine.
Connection in book and brochure products.
Products. Children's book. Observation diary. Notebooks in single-notebook and multi-notebook bindings.
Theoretical information. Cover and binding cover. Designs of book and brochure connections. Technical requirements for the quality of connection or insertion of the block into the binding cover. The procedure and technology for manually inserting a book block and saddle stitching covers with blocks on a wire sewing machine. The difference between the concepts of stitching and connecting a block with a binding cover.
Practical work. Manufacturing of binding covers of different designs in flexible and hard bindings and inserting blocks into them. Production of one-book binding. Saddle stitching of single-book binding. Finishing of the binding cover.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Making a notebook in soft cover with pads. Making pads for binding. Preparing cartridges. Assembling the binding cover with filling the rounded corners. Connection of the block with the binding cover.
IIIquarter
Introductory lesson.
"Library" binding.
Products. Bindings for books from the school library.
Theoretical information. The difference between “library” binding and “book and magazine” binding. Types of book damage (external, internal) and determination of the degree of difficulty of repair. Purpose of signatures. Purpose of corners in a binding cover. Book repair procedure.
Exercises. Determining the type of damage to the book and the degree of difficulty of repair. Selection of the necessary tools for the job. Organizing a workspace for book repairs.
Practical work. Separating the block from the binding cover. Parsing the block into notebooks (printed sheets). Cleaning notebooks from glue. Gluing torn sheets using tracing paper. Making a flyleaf (glued or stitched with a fold). Sewing a block. Gluing the spine of the block and drying it. Trimming the block. Calculation of dimensions (per block) and production of a binding cover. Inserting a block. Press crimping and drying.
Address folder.
Theoretical information. Purpose and details of the address folder. Address folder manufacturing technology. The purpose of the ribbon in the address folder. Purpose of the chamfer. Types of finishing of an address folder and requirements for materials for its production. Requirements for the quality level of the address folder.
Exercises. Dissolving waste paper to make a “soft” binding. Stretch the edges when covering the material and filling the corners (straight and rounded).
Practical work. The cut of the cardboard sides is made of thick (3-5 mm) cardboard. Chamfering. Cut out the template for the spacing. Cut fabric or substitutes for covering the folder. Assembling a folder with straight or rounded corners. Glueing a folder with a ribbon affixed. External and internal finishing of the folder. Press crimping and drying.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Strengthening the skills of self-repairing a book. Selection of materials and tools. Parsing a block from notebooks, taking into account special notes - signatures. Calculation of the dimensions of the binding cover (taking into account the size of the book block).
Independent work.
Making an address folder. Orientation according to the drawing and sample. Analysis of work quality.
IVquarter
Introductory lesson.
Making an album for drawing and drawing.
Products. Album for drawing and drawing with a seamless adhesive connection in a trimmed and flexible binding. Album on cords. Album on screws.
Theoretical information. Types and details of an album for drawing and drawing. Materials used to make the album. Block connection methods. Purpose of the cord. Purpose of screws.
Practical work. Cutting Whatman paper into a block with an allowance for trimming on three sides. Preparation of parts for the binding cover. Making a binding cover. Album on cords. Cutting a ream of paper for a block. Punching holes in the block. Manufacturing a binding cover on hinges according to the specified dimensions of a stack of paper. Punching holes in the hinges of the binding cover. Connecting the block to the binding cover using a cord.
Making a photo album.
Products. Album on a rod for photographs.
Theoretical information. Album details on the rod. Purpose and execution of the rod. Technology of sewing a block on a rod. The purpose of the album scenes.
Practical work. Folding album sheets. Scallop preparation (marking, marking, folding). Production of composite adhesive endpapers. Sewing the album block and gluing its spine. Trimming the block. Manufacturing and finishing of binding covers. Inserting a block.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Block insertion and crimping in presses.
Test.
At the teacher's choice.
8TH GRADE
Iquarter
Introductory lesson.
Learning objectives for 7th grade. The importance of the printing industry in the economy and culture of the country. Integrated automation and mechanization of production. New materials in printing. Production of raw materials and supplies for the printing industry.
Basic information about binding and saddle stitchingprocesses.
Theoretical information. Books and brochure - differences in process. Production of brochures (equipment of sites and workshops). Elements of the book and equipment of the bookbinding shop areas. Concepts of flow process, operational execution of work. General concept of organization of printing production. Products produced by the printing industry and the requirements for them.
Excursion. Printing house. Binding and stitching workshop.
Practical work. Familiarization with the table, which roughly depicts the workshops and areas where the main binding and stitching processes are carried out. Working with a book model and table.
Production of book models in solid and composite bindings.
Products. Observation diary. Office book. Binding for a tattered book.
Theoretical information. Semi-finished book (block and binding cover). Types of sewing with block threads. The purpose of the endpaper in a binding. Block details. Purpose of the captal. Calculation of the dimensions of the binding cover based on the block. Details of the binding cover. Appointment of resignations, separations. Template for spacing. Rules for safe operation when cutting blocks on a paper cutting machine. Calculation of the dimensions of the binding cover according to the drawing and split layout of the book.
Exercises. Calculation of the size of the binding cover based on the given block sizes. Collective drawing up of a plan for the upcoming work.
Practical work. Folding sheets into a notebook. Gluing the endpapers. Sewing with block threads. Sealing the spine of the block. Trimming on three sides of the block. Rounding the spine of the block. Gluing the captal and sealing the spine with a strip of paper. Production of binding covers in composite and solid fabric bindings. Inserting the block and crimping it in presses.
Finishing of the binding cover.
Theoretical information. Types of finishing for binding covers: (colorful and colorless). Foil stamping. Embossing (relief). Requirements for the quality of finishing of the binding cover. The device of the PZ-1 gilding press. Operating temperature depending on the type of cover material. The purpose of the cliché.
Skills. Orientation in the device of the PZ-1 press. Preparing the press for work. Definition of types of embossing. Installation and preparation of cliches on the desktop.
Exercises. Preparing the PZ-1 press for work. Test embossing.
Practical work. Test embossing on waste material. Embossing of the binding cover and its spines. Clean the lids and spines with a cloth.
Screen album.
Products. Album for postcards. Album for exhibition exhibits. Album for records.
Theoretical information. Purpose and details of the screen album. Design features. Taking into account the direction of fibers in cardboard, paper and technical fabrics. Materials used to make the screen album. Purpose of edging in binding. Horizontal and vertical arrangement of the scenes in the screen album.
Practical work. Selection of materials for album sheets, spines, edging, pasting and gluing of the product, taking into account the direction of the fibers and the texture of the materials. Cutting album sheets, borders, paper for pasting and gluing album sheets. Assembling the screen with fabric strips. Striped edging. Gluing the roots. Covering the spines on both sides with paper. Gluing the cover. Press crimping and drying the cover.
Independent work.
Making a model of a book in binding No. 7 with embossed finishing on the binding cover. Analysis of work quality.
IIquarter
Introductory lesson.
Standard binding.
Products. Layouts of bound books No. 1-8. Observation diary. Notebooks.
Theoretical information. Familiarization with samples of standard bindings. Signs for determining the type of binding (design features, properties and type of cover material). Technical characteristics of standard bindings. The order of binding. Methods for joining a block in different bindings. The use of straight and rounded spines in different bindings. Construction of a paper cutting machine, KN-1 cardboard chipping machine, crimping press and safety rules for working on them.
Practical work. Preparing a block using different connection methods for bindings No. 1-3. Cutting, gluing the cover to the block. Trimming bindings No. 1-3. Connecting the block to the cover (binding No. 2). Sewing with block threads for bindings No. 4-8. Selection of materials, cutting of parts for each binding cover. Assembling the binding cover. Inserting a block. Crimping in presses and drying the block. Finishing of covers in bindings No. 5, 7 and 8.
Classification of bookbindingscaps and their use.
Theoretical information. Signs for classifying a binding cover (design features - solid and composite, edged and with edges, properties of cardboard - hard and flexible, types of materials - paper, fabric, cardboard). The use of binding covers of various numbers when publishing books of educational, fiction and reference literature.
Exercises. Determination of details and design features of binding covers of different models.
New printing materials.
Theoretical information. Purpose of technical fabric. Types of technical fabric substitutes (balacron, fiberglass, vinyl vinyl, reinforced paper).
Skills. Performing individual operations when working as a team. Selection of binding for a product of a certain volume and format. Analysis of binding design.
Exercises. Determining the type of fabric substitute based on a sample in the catalog.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Production of notebooks in bindings of various designs. Book repair.
Independent work.
Production of one of the types of standard binding. A written or oral response to a question about the classification of bookbinding covers. Job analysis.
IIIquarter
Introductory lesson.
Fundamentals of organizing modern printing production.
Theoretical information. Setting up a printing house (workshops and areas). Operational division of labor (sections) in the bookbinding and stitching and folder shops. Basic machines and machines for performing bookbinding processes. Technology for manufacturing products at the base enterprise. Requirements for the quality of parts and the finished product. Rational techniques and methods of labor organization.
Skills. Reading the printing production diagram. Orientation in performing machine binding operations in production and in a school workshop. Determining the difference between a printed product and one made in a school workshop.
Practical work. Perform operations in base production areas and in the school workshop.
Album on hinges for photographs.
Products. Albums for photographs and stamps.
Theoretical information. A general idea of the organization of production for the production of white goods. Types of hinged album by design and purpose. Design features. Using a template to assemble the scenes on fabric slings.
Skill. Orientation according to technical drawing. Analysis of work quality.
Exercises. Preparing and marking a template for assembling the scenes on fabric slings. Assembling the scenes according to the template and by eye.
Practical work. Cutting cardboard into wings with allowance for cutting the block. Hinge cutting. Cutting fabric slezur. Preparing a template and marking it for assembling the scenes on fabric slings. Assembling the scenes on fabric slezures in pairs into a block. Laying and cutting the block on three sides. Gluing the captal and gluing the spine. Making a binding cover taking into account the size of the block. Finishing of the binding cover. Inserting the block into the binding cover.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Production of classroom and exhibition albums of various designs upon request from schools and organizations.
Independent work.
Making an album on hinges for photographs (20 slides each, 350x250 mm format).
IVquarter
Introductory lesson.
Organization of printing production.
Theoretical information. Organization of the site and workshop in the printing house. Manufacturing control. Location of workshops and their purpose. Equipment of workshops and areas. Types of published book and magazine products. Specialties in printing production. Calculation of wages in accordance with production standards and product prices. Work order form.
Folders of different designs and purposes.
Products. Folder for papers with flaps. Address folder. Folder for sketches and drawings. Folder for magazines.
Theoretical information. Types of folders by design and purpose. Technological requirements for the production of folders. General and specific operations for making folders. Details in different types of folders.
Practical work. Cut cardboard sides, outer material, template for spacing. Folder assembly. Manufacturing and gluing of valves. Internal sticking. Folder finishing.
Briefcase folder.
Theoretical information. Purpose of the briefcase folder detail. Purpose of the pocket with “fur”, tongue and holders. Marking and insertion of the lock, tongue and holders. Purpose of soft cover in binding.
Exercises. Marking the base of the pocket with “fur”. The cut of the fabric for the “fur”. Determining the center of the folder by eye. Marking the slots for the holders and tongue and their manufacture.
Practical work. Cutting parts for the folder. Removing chamfers from cardboard sides. Folder assembly. Sticking the spine. Attaching the holders and tongue. Manufacturing and gluing of valves. Making a pocket with “fur”. Gluing a pocket with “fur”. Gluing the inside of the folder.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Making a briefcase folder for writing typesetting. Making a box, case and folder for storing didactic material. Repair of visual aids.
Test.
At the teacher's choice, perform one of the types of standard binding.
9TH GRADE
Iquarter
Introductory lesson.
Organization of product quality control
Theoretical information. Concepts of quality and quantity of products. Responsibility of enterprises and every worker for the quality of products. Requirements of standards for the quality of printed products. Unified measures and methods of measurement. Indicators of quality and durability of printed products and forms of quality control. Organization of technical control at a printing enterprise. Methods of rewarding high quality products.
Laboratory works. Pasting the case, taking into account the direction of the fibers of the material and its costs for solid and composite structures.
Practical work. Marking and cutting of parts according to the drawing. Assembling the case parts according to the template. Pasting and gluing of the product. Finishing of cases.
Practical repetition.
Types of jobs. Repairing books from the school library. Weaving a selection from magazines using a puncture method. Fulfilling a production order to assess the correctness of work planning, selection of tools and materials, and the ability to bind books and magazines in the required manner.
Independent work.
Orientation according to the drawing and sample. Making a bound notebook with a soft backing, a pocket and a clasp (tab and holder). Analysis of work quality.
IIquarter
Introductory lesson.
Making notepads of different designs.
Products. Pocket notebook in soft cover of a modernized design. Desktop notepads of different designs.
Theoretical information. The purpose of a notepad and its difference from a notebook. Features of the technology for manufacturing white goods. Types of notepad (pocket and desktop, flexible and hardcover, edged and edged, open and closed). Desktop notepad, closed, bound with soft backing. Pasting booklets into white goods products. Finishing the notebook by hand using a PZ-1 gilding press. Types of finishing.
Exercises. Dissolving sheets for “softness” in the lid of the notebook. Making a soft backing from foam rubber or waste paper. Assembling the binding cover. Finishing the binding cover with shading using a trowel in a colorful and non-colorful way. Blind and embossed printing foil stamping.
Practical work. Cutting reams of paper into blocks for a notepad. Perforation of sheets. Pushing sheets into a stack. Sticking the spine. Sewing a block stitch on a wire sewing machine. Fabric edging on the spine. Trimming the block. Calculation and cutting of parts for the binding cover. Chamfering. Making "softness". Cover assembly. Finishing. Inserting the block into the lid and crimping it in presses.
Types of endpapers and their use in bindings.
Products. Endpapers of different designs.
Theoretical information. Purpose and types of endpaper. Characteristics of the endpaper (design, method of connection with notebooks, design). Requirements for materials used to make the endpaper. The use of one or another type of endpaper, taking into account the method of fastening the block. Dissolution of sheets. Production of stitched and sewn endpapers with folds. Composite glued endpaper with fold. Machines for gluing endpapers in production.
Exercises. Cutting the material for the endpaper taking into account the direction of the fibers and the density of the paper. Determining the reasons for marriage. Unraveling of sheets in the manufacture of stitched and sewn endpapers with folds.
Practical work. Folding and making a simple glued endpaper. Preparation of the fold. Cutting paper for the endpaper. Dissolution. Coating the endpaper with glue. Gluing the fabric fold. Grinding in the fold with a smoothing iron. Endpaper crimping in presses and drying. Making a composite glued endpaper with a fold. Cutting sheets of thick paper, folds. Gluing sheets to the fold. Sealing with a cartridge and gluing the endpaper to the first and last notebooks. Detecting defects in the manufacture of endpapers and ways to eliminate them.
Book block processingfor insertion into the binding cover.
Products. "Library" binding. Book model. General notebook.
Theoretical information. Processing a book block. Types of technological processing of a book block. Methods for gluing the spine of a book block manually and on a block gluing machine in production. Requirements for glue for gluing the spine. Crimping the roots in presses and drying them. Assessment of the quality of gluing, crimping and drying of the spine. Block cutting quality for different bindings. Purpose and methods of painting edges. Block spine shape. Technology for rounding the spine and bending the folds (laminated) of the block. Gluing reinforcing parts (two captals, a paper strip or a strip of technical gauze) to the spine of the book block.
Skill. Selection of the necessary material for work according to the sketch and sample.
Exercises. Rounding the spine of the block using a mallet and blocks to give the desired geometric shape.
Practical work. Book repair (disassembling the block, repairing sheets and sewing using previously made endpapers). Sealing and drying. Trimming on three sides. Rounding the spine to give the desired geometric shape. Gluing reinforcing parts to the block.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Making binding covers for blocks made earlier. Insertion into block covers and crimping in presses.
Independent work.
Making a desk pad on the back with a soft cover cover. Orientation according to the drawing and sample. Finishing the notebook by hatching on the foil with the heated tip of a knife or by embossing the lid. Analysis of work quality.
IIIquarter
Introductory lesson.
Information about labor legislation. Labor Code.
Theoretical information. Basic rights and responsibilities of workers and employees. Employment contract. Termination of the employment contract. Transfer to another job. Removal from work. Working time and rest time. Wage. Teenagers' work. Labor Collective Law.
Technology for manufacturing covers and binding covers of nine types according to GOST.
Products. Binding for documents or magazine selections with block binding. Nine standard binding covers for model books.
Theoretical information. The cover and binding as elements of the external design of the book. Types and uses of standard covers and binding covers. Determining the dimensions of the cover and binding parts. Binding materials and requirements for them. Methods for cutting cardboard sides and cover material. Cutting cardboard into strips and sides. Retirement materials. Cut the fabric for the spine. Making a plastic binding cover. Causes of marriage and ways to eliminate it. Checking the quality of the finished cap.
Exercises. Comparison of bindings made according to the old and new GOST. Determining the causes of defects in the binding cover and ways to eliminate it.
Practical work. Calculation of material for the cover and binding cover based on the size of the block. Cutting details. Gluing covers in bindings No. 1-4. Gluing of edging material in binding No. 4. Cutting parts for binding No. 5. Manufacturing, insertion into the binding cover and crimping in block presses.
Binding finishing technologylids on a gilding press.
Products. Bindings of various types.
Theoretical information. Finishing of the binding cover (colorful and colorless). Embossing as a physical and chemical process. Embossing methods and schemes (blind, using printing foil). Stamps and matrices for different embossing methods. Types of foil for embossing. Checking the quality of embossing. Equipment for manual gilding press PZ-1. Industrial gilding presses. Embossing modes depending on the cover material. Preparing the gilding press for work. Safety precautions when working on a gold plating press.
Exercises. Test embossing on the PZ-1 press.
Practical work. Preparing the PZ-1 press for work, taking into account embossing methods. Embossing the binding cover using the blind method using printing foil and embossing.
Fire safety at workand in the school workshop.
Theoretical information. The importance of compliance with fire safety rules. Possible causes of fires. Causes of fire in electrical installations and the electrical network. Ensuring fire safety when performing cardboard-binding works. Fire safety on the territory of the enterprise and in the school workshop. Fire report. Rules of conduct in case of fire. Using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Evacuation of people and material assets in case of fire. First aid for a fire victim.
Technical standardization, worker qualifications and remuneration at a printing enterprise
Theoretical information. The concept of labor rationing. Time and production standards. Components of operational time spent on performing a technological operation (primary, auxiliary, servicing the workplace, rest). The main signs of a worker’s qualifications (the amount of theoretical and practical knowledge, skills and abilities). Tariff categories and qualification characteristics of different professions. Dependence of a worker’s wages on the tariff category (tariff coefficient, tariff rate). Different forms of remuneration. Team form of work and remuneration for it.
Making albums.
Products. Album on a rod for photographs. Album with screws for photographs. Album for stamps.
Theoretical information. Types of album by purpose and design. Main details of the album. Methods of fastening the album (using a rod, fabric tears, lacing, wire spiral, screws). The concept of backstage. Types of binding covers for albums. Materials for making an album. Safe working techniques when binding an album.
Practical work. Cut the material into wings. Laying the scenes with tracing paper. Bonding the album block. Calculation and production of a binding cover. Inserting a block into a binding cover in albums of different designs. Album finishing. Making a binding cover with a soft backing on hinges and screws for albums.
Types of gears in mechanical bookbinding equipment.
Theoretical information. Types of transmissions (belt, gear, crank). The use of cylindrical and oval-shaped parts in machines for processing bookbinding products.
Practical repetition.
Type of work. Making exhibition albums for schools and various organizations (productive work).
Independent work.
Making an album using record clasps. Analysis of work quality.
IVquarter
Introductory lesson.
Mechanization and automationbookbinding processes.
Theoretical information. Mechanization and automation of binding and stitching processes in production. Production of book and magazine, sheet and booklet products in large printing houses in the country. Mechanized and manual labor (productivity and quality). The use of manual presses in bookbinding, bookbinding and folder shops and areas. Use of manual processes in the production of miniature and facsimile editions. Computer controlled machines. Manual and mechanized packaging of books and magazines. Types of pack formation. Labeling, transportation and storage of finished publications. Mechanization and automation of the processes of completing, folding notebooks, cutting materials and trimming blocks, gluing captals and pieces of paper, making binding covers. Reducing the number of manual operations through the introduction of comprehensive mechanization and automation. The importance of increasing productivity and quality of labor, increasing production output per unit of production area. Reducing the cost of manufactured products. Automatic and semi-automatic production lines.
Making a writing setin a briefcase folder.
Products. Notebook. Notebook. Briefcase folder with a lock.
Theoretical information; White goods and stationery. A general idea of the organization and technology of manufacturing white goods. Types of notebooks and notepads in solid binding. Using printing waste to make notepads. Handmade notebook and notepad in school workshop. Making a briefcase folder (cutting parts, chamfering cardboard sides, making a soft backing, assembling a folder with flaps in a solid fabric binding).
Skills. Drawing up technological maps and making sketches of product parts.
A written report on the work done.
Practical work. Production of notebooks and notepads with finishing of binding covers by stamping with printing foil. Making a briefcase folder. Making a pocket with “fur” and gluing it to the folder. Finishing the briefcase folder. Sticking a folder. Lock fastening. Filling a folder with writing from notepads.
Insulating and lubricatingmaterials.
Theoretical information. Types and use of thermal insulation material (mineral wool, tow, fiberboard, polystyrene foam). Waterproofing materials based on polymers, polyethylene film. Types and application of electrical insulating material. Plastics and mineral materials, types and use of lubricants. Properties of lubricants.
Practical repetition.
Types of work. Production of cases for books and visual aids of various designs, cassette cases with edgings, models of various types of book bindings, boxes, folders.
Test.
Production of a writing set in a cassette case.
Below are the features that allow you to learn everything about this type of business.
Before opening a diary manufacturing company you need to clearly understand for what audience the products will be produced. An enterprise may specialize in the production of certain types of diaries.
Simple notepads for teenagers
The target audience for this type of product is schoolchildren and students under 20-25 years old who use notebooks everywhere.
Such products are not original and individual; they are simple notebooks of a low price category.
Classic organizers
Products of a higher price category, which are usually used by entrepreneurs and office workers. Standard variations of this type of notepad include a leather organizer or a notebook with an individual design.
Quite voluminous, include full delimitation of each page and are convenient for doing business.
Diaries for business
The most profitable of the categories, the products of which are custom notebooks. Typically, these types of notebooks are ordered by firms or companies in fairly large quantities for their employees, for promotions and sweepstakes.
As a rule, these are diaries with a logo, which are distinguished by ease of record keeping, extraordinary design and low price level. However, profits are growing due to sales volumes.
Given sufficient levels of investment, production can cover all of these categories.
Technical support
To make notebooks you will need the following equipment:
- Printing machines;
- Crimping press;
- Sheet cutting machines;
- Folding machine;
- Wire sewing machines;
- Punching machine;
- Foil stamping machines;
- Three-knife paper cutting machines.
Depending on the equipment used, the scale of production and its focus, different levels of investment may be required.
The cost of a number of devices exceeds 50-100 thousand rubles, therefore The purchase of all necessary machines will require about 5 million rubles. However, for initial production you can also use used equipment, which will significantly reduce costs.
Premises and staff
Small offices and premises will not be enough to launch this. The company will need to rent workshops with a fairly large area. The average daily planner company uses a facility of at least 1,000 square feet. Smaller workshops may not accommodate all the necessary equipment.
To put the production of diaries on stream, about 70-80 employees will be required, each of whom will be responsible for their own segment of the work process.
Production technology
First of all, when making diaries, their exact target audience is determined. The design and features of the diaries are selected for the selected audience, which should interest buyers.
Depending on the type of notepad, the production process may vary. Simple notebooks require only cut sheets of paper, secured with a designer cover with springs on wire sewing machines.
More complex types of products that include custom covers, leather materials, page design features, etc. will require the use of additional machines. However, the cost of such diaries is much higher.
Payback and profit
If you decide to open a printing enterprise for the production of medium-sized diaries, you will need an investment of 10 million rubles. Half of them will be spent on purchasing the necessary equipment, but with the right approach, you can save some money by purchasing high-quality used equipment.
In the case of systematic distribution of products and stable operation of the enterprise, it will take 3 or more years for the project to fully pay off. The low level of payback is due to the low cost of the final product, the need to purchase expensive equipment and a large number of personnel.
Depending on the sales volume and the chosen audience, the profit level also varies. Due to their low cost, simple diary notebooks cannot provide a high markup. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on this category as an additional one when making classic and individual organizers. The average cost of these can vary between 100-200 rubles per copy. Their stable sales will provide an annual income of 2.5-3 million rubles.
Features of diary production
Diaries have their own characteristics. Buyers often fall for the modern design, popular themes and appearance of notebooks. Therefore, one of the priorities in production is the selection of experienced designers and careful selection of the features of organizers.
Pay attention to paper quality, aesthetic features of notebooks. They are often purchased for long-term use, therefore, they should not “fall apart” after the first year. The paper whiteness standard varies from 92 to 95 percent, and the paper weight should be 65-75 gsm.
As you can see, this production, although it requires serious investments, is a profitable option for the average one, since the demand for these products is quite stable.
Covered publications designed for a short or medium service life have a simple design and a relatively short chain of technological operations. They do not have endpapers, they rarely use inserts, and the simple design of the cover allows its printing design to be limited to printing processes and finishing of prints, although in the last decade of the 20th century. Embossing also began to be used.
The technology for producing editions with covers may vary depending on the thickness of the block in terms of the methods of assembling and fastening the block, the type of cover and the method of covering the block with a cover, and depending on the size of the circulation and the average annual load of the printing enterprise with orders - the composition and type of equipment. An enlarged diagram of the technological process for manufacturing cover publications includes six sets of technological operations:
Enlarged diagram of the bookbinding processes for manufacturing cover publications
When producing small-volume publications complete with an insert, covering with a type 1 cover (for saddle stitching) occurs simultaneously with the production of the block. For small circulations, such publications are stitched on 4BSHP-30 wire stitching machines (Kiev ZMP, Ukraine), for medium circulations - on 736 insertion-sewing machines, and for large and mass circulations - on ST100, 200 insertion-sewing-cutting units (company " Bremer-Stahl, Germany), Presto, 321, 300 and 301 (Muller-Martini company, Switzerland), 368 (Osaka company, Japan) with a capacity of 9 to 18 thousand cycles/hour.
Editions with covers of medium and large volumes are completed with a selection, covered with covers of types 2 and 3, and fastened with glue using a seamless method (CBS) or with wire stitching and notebook threads without gauze. Bonding of blocks of almost any volume using the KBS method is carried out on semi-automatic machines "Baby-Pony", machines and production lines "Pony 3020", "Pandabinder II", "Monostar", "StarPlus", "Trendbinder", "Coronabinder", "Normbinder SC" and "Normbinder SFC" with a capacity from 1.5 to 18 thousand cycles/hour.
Editions with a medium-sized cover for small editions are fastened with wire on 4BPSh-30 machines, for medium editions - on 891-1 collating and sewing machines (Bremer-Stahl, Germany), which allow processing blocks up to 20 mm thick. Blocks of large volumes of publications, designed for a long and medium service life and intensive use, are fastened with notebook threads without gauze using a simple brochure stitch on machines F142, 145 (Bremer-Stal, Germany) and BNSh-6, ZBNSh-6A (Kiev ZPM , Ukraine), Freccia-130 (Italy).
The choice of method for fastening the blocks completed in the selection is determined mainly by the requirements of durability and economic efficiency of production.
The purpose of the work is to study the production technology of publications with covers of various sizes, to gain skills in working with step-by-step bookbinding equipment.
1. Sewing blocks with wire in saddle stitching and stitching is performed on a single-equipment wire sewing machine BPSH-30.
2. Adhesive seamless bonding of blocks using hot-melt adhesive is carried out using a semi-automatic “Mini-Binder-500” (see work No. 5).
3. Milling of the spine of blocks with KBS using PVAD is carried out on a special milling machine.
4. Trimming of publications with covers is carried out on a single-blade paper-cutting machine "Polar-92" (see work No. 1).
5. Cutting the paper for the cover is done on a KN-1 cardboard cutter.
6. The dimensions of book blocks and cover titles are measured with a metal ruler with a division value of 1 mm.
7. To produce three-dimensional layouts of publications with covers, ready-made notebooks and cover or offset paper No. 1 with a surface density of at least 100 g/formula are used. src="http://hi-edu.ru/e-books/xbook279/files/68 .gif" border="0" align="absmiddle" alt=", where W and H are the nominal width and height of the block before trimming. Cut out covers of this size from cover or offset paper No. 1, taking into account the requirements of fractional cutting, in which the machine direction of the paper should be along the spine of the block.
3. Cover the completed block with a cover and sew it with wire saddle stitch with two staples on a BShP-30 wire sewing machine, having previously set it to half the thickness of the block. The staples should be located on the spine fold of the block without mixing. The distance of the top staple from the top edge of the block should be approximately 1/4V, and the distance between the staples should be 1/2V.
4. Trim the layout of the publication on three sides using a single-blade cutting machine "Polar-92" taking into account the requirements of GOST 5773-76 "Books, brochures and magazines. Formats" (1, p. 6).
5. Assemble a block of three 32-page notebooks and sew it with wire stitching with two staples, having previously set the table of the BShP-30 machine in a horizontal position, and the stop for the spine of the block at a distance of 5 - 7 mm from the mechanism for bending the legs of the staple and setting up the sewing machine by block thickness.
10. Complete a medium-sized block of 32- or 16-page notebooks, make a cover for it, set up the KBS Mini-Binder-5 machine according to work method No. 5 and perform milling and gluing the spine and covering the block with a cover.
