Jurisprudence      10/14/2023

Ignorant behavior. What is Ignorance? Why Dunno didn’t become a national hero

Nosov “Dunno and His Friends”, the main characters come to life on the pages of the story.

The main characters of "The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends"

The main characters of the fairy tale “Dunno and His Friends” are listed below:

  • Dunno- a kid who knew nothing, but then began to read books and respect little girls. Short of medium height with a large head. He loves bright colors in his clothing style, wearing a blue wide-brimmed hat, an orange shirt, yellow pants and a green tie.
  • Znayka- the smartest kid, he was the one who invented the balloon. He wore a black suit, “and when he sat down at the table, put his glasses on his nose and started reading some book, he looked just like a professor.” Znayka’s opponent is Professor Zvezdochka, but later he makes peace with him and becomes his friend.
  • Sineglazka- a serious and sensible little girl, a beautiful friend of Dunno. This dark-haired girl had blue eyes and a strong character. After the fall of the balloon, she took Dunno to her place for care. Dunno and Sineglazka became friends.
  • Pilyulkin- doctor from Flower City. Lived in the same house with Znayka. He wore a white robe and wore a white cap with a tassel on his head. He believed that wounds “should be smeared with iodine and castor oil should be drunk.” The opponent (and, concurrently, the friend) is the doctor Medunitsa from the Green City.
  • Lungwort- Doctor in Green City.
  • Vintik and Shpuntik- mechanics from the Flower City. We lived in the same house with Znayka on Kolokolchikov Street. Vintik is called a “famous mechanic”, and Shpuntik is his assistant. They are jacks of all trades. Inseparable, as brothers should be.
  • Tube- artist from Flower City. I tried to teach Dunno how to paint and painted portraits of women from the Green City. I flew with Znayka to the moon.
  • Ghusla- musician from the Flower City. Lived in the same house with Znayka. I tried to teach Dunno music.
  • Grumpy, Silent, Avoska, Neboska, Pochnik, Syrupchik, Pulka. Confusion, Toropyzhka
  • Bublik, Gvozdik, Smekaylo, Shurupchik - residents of Zmeevka
  • Snowflake, Swallow, Kisonka, Samotsvetik, Kubyshka, Squirrel - babies from Green City
  • Gunka - Dunno's friend
  • Chamomile, Button - babies from Flower City
  • Tsvetik, poet

It is impossible not to know Dunno. Even if fate passed you by, not giving you a meeting with the fairy-tale trilogy of Nikolai Nikolayevich Nosov, a hero with that name is probably known at least by hearsay. However, why trust rumors when we are ready to provide very specific and reliable information?

So, Dunno is the most famous shorty of the Flower City. And although many worthy children live there, including the scientist Znayka, the famous mechanic Shpuntik, and the talented musician Guslya, it is the dunce and restless Dunno who is known to everyone in the city.

Firstly, because, having seen it at least once, it is impossible to forget it. His defiantly colorful and bright outfit and non-standard, one might even say aggressive, behavior make him stand out in any crowd.

In addition, he is a known liar, braggart and lazy person.

And although Dunno is far from being an ideal shorty, for some reason it was precisely this incompetent and liar that Nikolai Nikolayevich Nosov chose as the main characters of his three fairy-tale novels.

So ask - why? And we will answer - because of charm! Yes! The same charm that makes the short guy irresistibly attractive and gives him the opportunity to win the reader’s heart from the very first minute.

In addition, Dunno is active, curious, open, sociable and not at all devoid of talents.

Judge for yourself, for the first time he picked up brushes and paints, and in one night he painted portraits of all his friends. Well, the fact that he worked more in the genre of cartoons than realistic portraits speaks, in our opinion, only about the uniqueness of his artistic gift.

Or his poetic experiments. After all, literally the day before he did not yet know what “rhyme” was, but decided to devote himself to literary creativity, and, one might say, he immediately created poetic masterpieces:

Just think, what power of imagination, what expression!

Compare these poetic lines with at least the verses of the poet Tsvetik:

Brilliant, of course, especially the last two lines. But Tsvetik is a professional, while Dunno took only his first steps in the poetic field.

And what a breadth of interests our hero has! As soon as he put aside his brushes and paints, the echoes of his poetic experiments were still in the air, and he was already sitting behind the wheel of the carbonated car that Vintik and Shpuntik had built. And even without really knowing how this car works, Dunno was able to not only start it the first time, but also drive it like a breeze throughout the city. Yes, of course, some city buildings were slightly damaged, some were demolished, and the car itself, having flown off a cliff, drowned in the river, but... And we repeat once again - but! - all the babies and toddlers we met along the way remained alive, and the driver survived! And this is an undoubted achievement.

This is how he is, Dunno, versatile, inquisitive, cheerful and, most importantly, incredibly, even somehow strikingly similar to literally any (not even a fairy-tale, but a real) boy.

Actually, this is, as they say now, the main “trick” of Nikolai Nikolaevich Nosov. After all, his Dunno, in essence, is the quintessence of a boy’s character and behavior. Therefore, the hero’s mistakes and blunders, his pranks and misdeeds, his inventions and fantasies are not only easily perceived by little readers, but are perfectly “tried on” to themselves. Moreover, the hero’s “costume” turns out to be just right for any reader, thereby confirming the amazing skill of the cutter.

The main character of Nosov is a dunno

Little Dunno is, without a doubt, N.N. Nosov’s great success. Although, by and large, all the writer’s previous heroes are “dunnos.” Vitya Maleev and Kolya Sinitsyn from the stories, Mishka and Kolya from the stories are boys who still know and can do little, but strive to try, learn and do everything. Most often with very dubious results.

At all, ““ignorance” associated with childish naivety”(S. Sivokon), N.N. Nosov uses and plays masterfully,forcing him to serve in his works (realistic and fairy-tale) as both the main engine of the plot and the main source of the comic. Although now, of course, that’s not entirely what we’re talking about. Let's get back to our hero.

So, N.N. Nosov’s Dunno is a completely natural hero. And yet his appearance seems strange. After all, until the early 1950s, Nosov composed realistic stories and novellas. For one of them - “Vitya Maleev at school and at home” - he even received the Stalin Prize in 1952. And suddenly for some reason - a fairy tale. Strange!

There is nothing strange here.

Something from the history of the creation of “Dunno”

The middle of the 20th century is far from the brightest time for literature in general, and for children’s literature in particular.

Even the story about Vita Maleev, favored by the authorities, was quite often attacked for the fact that the world of schoolchildren in it is depicted as completely divorced from the life of the entire country and, therefore, he deliberately"narrowed and impoverished". Where, the critical articles asked, is the pioneer organization, where is the guiding role of counselors and teachers? And in fact, there was nothing of this in Nosov’s book. Well, what do you tell a writer to do here? Break yourself? Or change direction? Except that in a fairy tale the pioneer organization can be neglected. And a hero, a restless person and a dreamer, he will take root there too.

It’s hard to say when N.N. Nosov first had the idea of ​​writing a fairy tale about the state of short people. It is only known for certain that in the same 1952, while heading with a delegation of Soviet writers to Minsk for the anniversary of Yakub Kolas, Nosov talked all night long with the young Ukrainian writer Bogdan Chaly (at that time the editor of the magazine “Barvinok”). It was to him that Nosov told about the idea of ​​“Dunno”. They say that Chaly literally fell in love with the image of the charming short man and offered to publish them in his magazine as soon as the first chapters of the work appeared, without even waiting for its completion. The proposal was accepted, and the word was kept. So the fairy tale was first published in the magazine “Periwinkle” in 1953-54. in two languages ​​- Russian and Ukrainian (translated by F. Makivchuk) - under the title “The Adventures of Dunno and His Comrades” with the subtitle “fairy tale-story”.It immediately appeared as a separate publication, already as “The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends: A Fairy-Tale Romance” (M.: Detgiz, 1954).

The second part - “Dunno in the Sunny City” - was published in 1958, first in the magazine “Yunost”, and then was published as a book (M.: Detgiz, 1958).

And finally, the third fairy tale novel, “Dunno on the Moon,” was first published in the magazine “Family and School” in 1964-66. A separate publication appeared a year later (M.: Det. lit., 1967).

This is how Dunno received three books by N.N. Nosov for his permanent place of residence, and the writer himself, for providing the hero with such a cozy abode, received the State Prize of the RSFSR named after. N.K. Krupskaya. This joyful event happened in 1969.

Did Dunno have a prototype?

In fact, did Dunno have a prototype?

Was! Or rather, they were. From quite real to quite fabulous.

They say, for example, that Dunno is literally copied from N.N. Nosov’s son, Peter. And his hair was curly and unruly. And by nature he is a restless person. Despite his small stature, Peter played volleyball and basketball well as a child, because he was as bouncy as a ball. So Dunno could have borrowed something from Pyotr Nikolaevich.

Although from his creator, N.N. Nosov himself, the hero also inherited some traits. For example, the short guys have said more than once that Dunno is a master of making things up.

He undoubtedly got this gift from Nikolai Nikolaevich. Or, say, a penchant for wide-brimmed hats. Well, it’s clear that Dunno can’t go anywhere without his hat. But Nosov...

In one of his most successful photographs, he is wearing a chic hat. And it’s immediately clear that he and her are a single and inextricable whole. But take another photo, and the resemblance will be simply striking. On it, little Koki (at the beginning of the last century the name Nikolai was reduced to either “Koka” or “Niki”)the eyes are huge, completely round and clear, just the same eyes with which Dunno looks at us from any page of the Nosov trilogy.

However, according to the writer, the life prototype of Dunno is simply“a child, but not one that can be called by name and surname, but a child in general, with the restless thirst for knowledge inherent in his age and at the same time with restlessness, the inability to keep his attention on one subject for any long time - in general , with all the good inclinations... and shortcomings..."(N.N. Nosov. About himself and his work).

This concerns “life prototypes”. But it turns out that Dunno also had prototypes that were not even life-like.

Dunno - formerly Murzilka and also an elf

Stanislav Rassadin, in a book dedicated to the work of N.N. Nosov, writes that Nikolai Nikolaevich told him about the fairy tale by A. Khvolson, “The Kingdom of Little Ones: The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men,” read in childhood, memories of which prompted him to think about Dunno.

This book was very popular at the turn of the century. Its heroes were little elves with funny names (Murzilka, Chumilka the Sage, Hare Lip, Dedko the Bearded Man), and the basis of the plot was their travels around the world and all kinds of road adventures.

Murzilka and his friends first appeared on the pages of the magazine “Sincere Word” in 1887 in the fairy tale “A boy as big as a finger, a girl as big as a nail.” The author of this tale was the famous writer Anna Borisovna Khvolson (18..-1934), and the illustrations were drawings by the artist Palmer Cox.

The first edition of the book “The Kingdom of Little Ones,” including 27 stories and 182 drawings, was published in 1889, followed by reprints in 1898, 1902 and 1915.

After the revolution of 1917, A.B. Khvolson’s book was never republished, and it was soon forgotten. Therefore, almost no one knew about the relationship between the heroes A.B. Khvolson and N.N. Nosov.

But recently, in the early 1990s, the fairy tale about Murzilka was published again:

Khvolson A.B. The Kingdom of Little Ones: The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men in 27 Stories. - M.: PolyKom, 1991. - 222 p.: ill.

Khvolson A.B. The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men: In 27 Stories / Artist. V. Kostyleva, M. Goncharov. - Izhevsk: Quest, . - 147 p.: ill.

And it turned out that Murzilka is incredibly similar to Dunno. He is the same braggart, lazy and troublemaker, who, because of his character, constantly gets into various troubles. However, these two heroes also have differences. Murzilka, for example, is a real dandy. A tailcoat or long coat, top hat, boots with narrow toes, a cane and a monocle are indispensable components of his everyday costume. So Dunno’s predilection for defiantly bright colors in clothes would have unpleasantly struck Murzilka’s refined taste.

But this difference is purely external, and as for the essence... It’s much more difficult with this very essence. Although the character of Murzilka or, as his friends call him, “The Empty Head” is quite similar to the character of his literary descendant, Dunno is written out in much more detail and volume. And if Khvolson’s hero is deliberately caricatured and conventional, then Nosov’s is a lively, charming and recognizable boy. Therefore, probably, readers only laugh at the careless and boastful Murzilka, but they often sympathize with Dunno, sincerely pity and love him.

Murzilka Khvolson is static. He doesn't change at all throughout the book. But the character and inner world of Dunno undergo significant changes, which Nosov depicts “thoroughly and very psychologically reliably”(St. Razumnevich). If in the first part Dunno is frivolous and carefree, in the second he is inquisitive and conscientious, in the third he almost approaches the image of a typical positive hero of any adventure novel, he becomes “brave, resourceful, lucky, and sometimes, alas, too sentimental”(I. Vasyuchenko).

True, when conceiving his Dunno, N.N. Nosov did not want to delve into the “psychological jungle” at all. “I was free to give these characters those character traits that were required by the plan. These little ones, whom I called shorties, were convenient in that I could not develop or deepen their characters, loading the narrative with unnecessary details, but provide them with separate features, reflecting one side of their character, which was quite consistent with their microscopicity and at the same time sharpened, generalized the image, typified it"(from a letter from N.N. Nosov to Yu.S. Pukhov). In principle, this idea was brilliantly implemented in relation to all the characters of the fairy-tale trilogy. With the exception of Dunno. He could not help but change, otherwise he would have lost both the internal authenticity of the image and the sympathy of his readers.

But let's return to Murzilka. Why, having “borrowed” the image of the hero from Khvolson, although somewhat transforming it, did Nosov neglect his name? Yes, because in the middle of the 20th century this name was already very “promoted” by a popular children's magazine. And Murzilka himself Through the efforts of the artist A.M. Kanevsky, he turned from a forest elf into a funny shaggy creature in a beret.

By the way, a little more about name transformation. When the magazine was published in 1924, Murzilka was the name given to the dog, a village mongrel. And in the 1950s, cartoons were shown on the movie screens of our country in which a tiny boy reporter (also named Murzilka) from the newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda” exposed vices, defeated giants and flew into space.

So Nosov had to look for another name for his hero. And in this he was helped by the same little elves Khvolson, one of whom, Dunno, was Znayka’s brother and his complete antipode. This character took little part in the development of the plot of the pre-revolutionary fairy tale, so in the company of his elf brothers he was completely lost.

By the way, the elves of A.B. Khvolson have very little resemblance to the folklore elves who live in fairy tales and legends of many peoples of the world. To understand to what extent they are dissimilar, we refer the most inquisitive citizens to books that will tell in detail about elves and other representatives of the extremely vast “little people” - gnomes, dwarfs, trolls, miniatures, leprechauns, etc. and so on. By the way, among the fabulous miniature population there are also our homegrown ones. For example, have you heard of scaffolding or pain-bobs? Even a goblin, it turns out, can shrink to the size of a small blade of grass. But we will not bore you with folklore research and will limit ourselves to only a list of popular literature.

A small list of books about small creatures

Appenzeller T. Gnomes / Trans. V. Shartova. - M.: TERRA, 1996. - 144 p.: ill. - (Enchanted World).

Bulychev Kir. Fantastic bestiary. - St. Petersburg: KN, 1995. - 264 p.: ill.

Hare V. Ghosts and spirits. - M.: Egmont Russia, 2002. - 160 p.: ill. - (Secrets of Planet Earth).

Kanevsky A. Monsters and monsters. - M.: Egmont Russia, 2002. - 160 p.: ill. - (Secrets of Planet Earth).

Mythological bestiary: From Alkost to Yagil. - Kaliningrad: Amber Tale, 1999. - 240 pp.: ill.

Fairies and elves. - M.: TERRA, 1996. - 144 p.: ill. - (Enchanted World).

If someone wants to go back to the very roots, then the folklore of different peoples of the world will provide anyone with a lot of impressions and finds.

And the Cossack was sent!

As for the elves of Anna Borisovna Khvolson, they are more reminiscent of comic book heroes than their folklore counterparts. And this is quite natural. Have you heard, dear compatriots, that the genealogical roots of our “Russian” Dunno lead not just anywhere, but to the distant United States of America.

A certain S. Chervonny from Kharkov was not too lazy to conduct bibliographic research, the result of which was the following data.

Firstly, the tales about the adventures of Murzilka are not the fruit of A.B. Khvolson’s exquisite imagination, but some kind of essay on a given topic. The theme was originally suggested by the drawings of the American Palmer Cox.

Secondly, this same Palmer Cox (1840-1924), as it turned out, was at the origins of the creation of the first comics, which began to be published on the back pages of American magazines in the second half of the 19th century. An early example of this genre is a series of drawings by P. Cox “The Brownies”, depicting little people.
Thirdly, from 1887 to 1918, Palmer Cox published more than a dozen comic books about the adventures of tiny heroes. He was also the author of the texts for his drawings.

Finally, fourthly, the Russian Publishing Partnership M.O. Wolf (by the way, supplier of His Imperial Majesty)“taking advantage of Cox’s foreign drawings, he instructed A. Khvolson(I wonder why at the beginning of the last century, and the review, the lines from which we quote, appeared in the sixth issue of the “Pedagogical Collection” for 1900, the lady’s surname was declined? Disorder!)compose a text for them, published both in the journal “Dushevnoe Slovo”, and then published them as a separate publication.”
That's it!

Perhaps for some, these facts will be a great shock and disappointment - our supposed Dunno, like Pinocchio and the Wizard of the Emerald City, is in fact not even ours at all. We believe that this is just another confirmation of our cherished idea that everything is “more than all”, and ideas and images travel freely around the world, connecting humanity into a single whole.

And more about prototypes

As for literary prototypes, Dunno has another one, already ours, indigenous, Russian. For clarity, let’s immediately quote. No, two quotes. To compare.

First:
“- Tell me, please, who came up with the idea of ​​flying in a hot air balloon?

“It’s me,” answered Dunno...

...Our kids have been asking me for a long time to come up with something: “Think of something, brother, come up with something.” I say: “Brothers, I’m already tired of inventing things. Come up with it yourself." They say: “Where are we going?” We are stupid, and you are smart. What does it cost you? Come up with it!” “Okay,” I say. - What should I do with you? I'll figure it out." And I began to think...

I thought for three days and three nights, and what would you think? I figured it out! “Here, I say, brothers: you will have a ball!” And he made a ball. About me, the poet Tsvetik... we have such a poet... he wrote poems: “Our Dunno came up with the ball...” Or not: “Our Dunno came up with the ball...” Or not: “Our Dunno came up with the ball...” No, I forgot! You know, they write a lot of poems about me, you can’t remember them all.”(N.N. Nosov. The Adventures of Dunno and his friends. Chapter XIII. Conversation at the table).

Second:

« Anna Andreevna. Is that how you write? How pleasant this must be for a writer! Is it true that you also publish them in magazines?

Khlestakov. Yes, I also publish them in magazines. However, there are many of my works. The Marriage of Figaro, Robert the Devil, Norma. I don’t even remember the names. And it all happened by chance: I didn’t want to write, but the theater management said: “Please, brother, write something.” I think to myself: “If you please, brother!” And then in one evening, it seems, he wrote everything, astonishing everyone. I have an extraordinary lightness in my thoughts...”(N.V. Gogol. The Inspector General. Act III. Phenomenon VI).

It’s a pity to interrupt such an intoxicating dialogue, but it has to be done. After all, even these lines are quite enough to reveal the undoubted similarities between the two heroes. It’s probably not worth dwelling on the boyish boastfulness and carelessness of Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov and Dunno’s “Khlestakovism” - everything is more than obvious. By the way, N.V. Gogol was N.N. Nosov’s favorite writer, and in Nosov’s works there are often reminiscences and associations that make one remember the great Russian classic of the 19th century.

And more about literary relatives

But Dunno and his short friends have another very numerous relatives - “little people”: Thumb Thumb by C. Perrault, Thumbelina by H. C. Andersen, Pinocchio by C. Collodi and his twin brother Pinocchio by A. N. Tolstoy ... In principle, this series can go on and on. But it’s better to look at the “Parade of Heroes” section on our website and find a whole list of books about these little people. However, we are also not going to talk about their family relationships. Then our discussions would drag on for a long time, and the result would be reduced to a minimum. And it is so clear that all these literary kids arose for one single reason - the little reader needs a little hero with whom he could identify himself.

Actually, that's all we wanted to say about prototypes. But, since we are talking about the tiny sizes of our heroes, it’s probably worth clarifying them.

How tall was Dunno?

In the very first lines of the first book of the trilogy we read:“In one fairy-tale city there lived short people. They were called shorties because they were very small. Each short one was the size of a small cucumber.”

But “cucumber” is still too vague a definition. For specifics, we will turn to the third fairy tale novel by N.N. Nosov, “Dunno on the Moon.” And in the ninth chapter of the above-mentioned novel we will find comprehensive information.

Your height, expressed in standard measurement units, is seventy-two. So you are short and of average height...(let us note in parentheses that Dunno’s measurement takes place at the police station, where he ended up almost immediately upon his arrival in the state of the lunar shorties)We measure the circumference of your head... Like this...

Thirty units. We see, therefore, that you have a large head... We measure your nose and see that it is only two and a half units long, that is, short.”

Based on the “standard” of lunar units, readers can therefore find out that Dunno’s height is 72 mm (like a small, but not small cucumber), his nose is only 2.5 mm, but his head circumference is as much as 30 mm! This is how many thoughts can fit in such a cranium!

And now let’s move on from general measuring parameters to the appearance of our hero.

Who gave Dunno a visual image?

If you ask the question “who?” so directly, you can get an equally direct answer - Alexey Mikhailovich Laptev (1905-1965). It was Dunno who first allowed him to draw himself. And the portrait turned out to be so similar to the original that all subsequent “portrait painters” only repeated and played up the image created by A.M. Laptev.

The pen and watercolor drawings of A.M. Laptev not only decorated the first two parts of the Nosov trilogy, they, as Yuri Olesha accurately noted in his review of “The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends,” emphasized“its lightness, its joyful, summer, we would say, field flavor”. In the same review, the line from which we just quoted, Yu. Olesha noted that the whole book resembles a round dance:“a whole round dance of adventures, jokes, inventions”. This association arose among the reviewer, no doubt, thanks to the illustrations of A.M. Laptev. They are multi-figured and incredibly mobile. Images are permanent“change places, configuration, cut into the text, cross it diagonally”(L. Kudryavtseva), not allowing our eyes to take their eyes off the magnificent, bright, varied round dance of funny and cute shorties.Illustrations by Alexey Mikhailovich“tender, lyrical, fragile... with touching warmth and at the same time captivating “seriousness”, genuineness”(A. Lavrov) they draw in detail, step by step, the world of little people. And although these creatures in Laptev resemble children (they are dressed like children, they have childish habits),“but not children, not a parody, not a caricature of a child, and not dolls, but fairy-tale people”(L. Kudryavtseva).

This is how professionals spoke about A.M. Laptev’s illustrations and the images he created. We, as amateurs, allow ourselves to note the following. In our opinion, the planet of short people by N.N. Nosov is a model of children’s ideas about the adult world, where any activity and work is just a game, where there are no questions of birth and death, where there is no division into adults and children, where there are just people, seen from the perspective and eyes of a child. It seems to us that A.M. Laptev incredibly accurately managed to convey this view in his illustrations. His drawings are even somewhat reminiscent of children's drawings. Perhaps due to its ingenuity.

The third and last part of the Nosov trilogy was illustrated by Genrikh Oskarovich Valk (1918-1998). Valk is one of the earliest illustrators of N.N. Nosov. The writer's first book - the collection "Knock-Knock-Knock" - was published in 1945 with drawings by Heinrich Valk, light, relaxed, carrying a barely noticeable shade of magazine humor. For the then young cartoonist, this collection became the first children's book in his professional career."So it began,- wrote G.O. Valk himself, -our long-term partnership with Nikolai Nikolaevich". And he continued: “I was lucky enough to illustrate almost all of his stories, the story “Vitya Maleev at school and at home” and his famous “Dunno on the Moon.”

Heinrich Valk preserved the Laptev image of Dunno and finally canonized him.

The rest of the characters, according to Nosov’s (quite satirical) narrative,“the artist gave the features grotesque, and sometimes caricature”(L. Kudryavtseva).

None of the subsequent illustrators of the fairy-tale trilogy can yet compete with these recognized masters. Although fans of Dunno favorably view modern publications with drawings by Evg. Kozlov (stylized as Laptev) and A. Borisenko (stylized as Valk).

The publication of the trilogy at the end of the 1970s with drawings by A. Borisov, alas, did not find ardent adherents.

How Dunno became a popular brand

Having acquired his visual image through the efforts of artists, Dunno boldly stepped beyond the pages of his native book. All those half a century that have passed since the appearance of N.N. Nosov’s fairy tale, Dunno could be found anywhere. In cartoons (go here, if you want to specify which ones) and on theater stages, on the stage and in children's periodicals, on radio and television, at carnivals (by the way, the Dunno costume is a win-win and very inexpensive option) and quizzes. There are Dunno toys, Dunno candies and all sorts of other stuff. Even in exotic Japan, the famous confectioner Matsuo Kokado borrowed the name and image of the Nosovsky hero for his delicious products. And at home...Rumor has it that a well-known art company led by Sergei Kuryokhin (Africa, Timur Novikov, etc.) chose in those memorable years the image of Dunno as the only hero not borrowed from foreigners as its graphic symbol (that’s how they missed it!). True, we were never able to verify this information, but we also could not refuse it - it was too good. All that remains is to direct the most corrosive ones to B. Karlov’s article, where we got it from (see bibliography).

So, over the past fifty years, Dunno has become a real brand that is used by everyone who is not too lazy. This is probably why N.N. Nosov’s grandson Igor Petrovich decided to take the family business into his own hands.

And now he is closely monitoring the “freeloaders” and, most importantly, working on creating all kinds of continuations of his grandfather’s fairy tale. Books by I.P. Nosov are printed and sold out, but so as not to be reproached for their advertising or anti-advertising, we will limit ourselves to just stating this fact.

About cartoons

Cartoons about Dunno have been shown on the screens of our country since the early 1960s. Recently a “new generation” cartoon appeared - a very high-quality international product “Dunno on the Moon”. Director A. Lyutkevich not only saw an ideal animated story in N.N. Nosov’s novel and G.O. Valk’s illustrations, but also brought it to screen life.

And now at the Tsentrnauchfilm studio they are filming a full-length animated film “Dunno and Barrabas”, which will involve both the Nosovsky hero and the heroes of the books by Anna Khvolson and Palmer Cox.

Children and philosophers suffer from Dunno syndrome

Really, it would be funny, like everything connected with the cheerful Nosov hero, if “Dunno syndrome” was not a professional term used in pediatric practice. The scientific name for the disease is impaired attention syndrome. It is he who is often the cause of “bad” behavior in children. The life of such children and their parents in most cases becomes very difficult, since the increased impulsiveness, inattention and hyperactivity of the sick do not fit into traditional patterns of behavior in society. True, although Dunno syndrome is a serious disease, experts say that, fortunately, it can be treated.
However, not only children, but also the greatest philosophers suffer from a kind of Dunno syndrome.

To explain this idea, you will have to look into such depths of history that it will take your breath away. V century BC, Athens.

Someone, wanting to know the answer to the question that tormented him: “Which of the Hellenes is the wisest?”, turned to the Delphic Oracle for clarification. And he received the answer: “Sophocles is wise, Euripides is wiser, and Socrates is wiser than all.” The philosopher, who was given the answer, then uttered the phrase that later became famous: “I know that I know nothing.” That's it, no comments.

They also say that Socrates was a short, stocky man with a huge head and a small snub nose. What a strange coincidence!

Bibliography - a source of information for thought

Begak B. City of the Sun and City of the Moon // Begak B. Children laugh. - M.: Det. lit., 1979. - pp. 140-153.

Begak B. The wanderings continue // Begak B. The truth of fairy tales. - M.: Det. lit., 1989. - pp. 77-88.

Life and work of Nikolai Nosov: Sat. - M.: Det. lit., 1985. - 256 pp.: ill.
A very good collection, well compiled and very diverse. Here are articles by Yu. Olesha, V. Kataev, L. Kassil (what names!) dedicated to N.N. Nosov. Memories of the writer from relatives and friends. Notes from Nikolai Nikolaevich himself about his work. Solid bibliography. We were especially pleased with two materials: the article by L. Kudryavtseva “This child is myself” (about the illustrators of N.N. Nosov’s books) and the memoirs of Heinrich Valk.

Karlov B. “I only know that I don’t know anything,” said Socrates, but he didn’t know Dunno: All about Dunno // Five Corners. - 1996. - No. 19. - P. 8-9.
This article by Boris Karlov presented many facts, ideas and associations, based on which we built our material about the Nosovsky hero.

Lavrov A. Artist A. Laptev // Children's literature. - 1969. - No. 1. - P. 39-45.

Medvedeva N. Who first introduced our children to Murzilka? // Children's literature. - 1993. - No. 7. - P. 42-43.

Pervik A. The world of fantastic creatures in Soviet children's literature // Children's literature 1984: Sat. - M.: Det. lit., 1984. - pp. 181-190.

Prikhodko V. The sparkling flute of Nikolai Nosov // Children's literature. - 1999. - No. 2-3. - P. 4-7.

Rassadin St. Nikolay Nosov: Critical biography. essay.- M.: Det. lit., 1961. - 79 p.: ill. - (House of children's books)

Repyeva I. Nosov, father of Dunno // Teacher’s newspaper. - 2002. - No. 1. - P. 24.

Samodelova S. Semi-eternal Dunno // Moskovsky Komsomolets. - 2003. - November 24. - P. 10.

Chervonny S. Murzilka, Dunno’s older brother // Book Review. - 1995. - No. 20. - P. 24-25.

On behalf of all the shorties -

A song about a grasshopper-cucumber who sat in the grass and did not complain about life until the frog came, brought tears to almost every Soviet child. The creator of this “suffering ballad” was who included the chorus in “The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends.” According to researchers, this story teaches people of all ages about political economy, because from it you can learn who the police really protect, as well as what a market economy is.

The little man, who never appears without a hat with a huge brim, is loved by both children and adults. And even if this hero does not shine with intelligence, like Znayka, he values ​​​​friendship and is ready for heroic deeds for the sake of loved ones. Lovers of fairy tales still enthusiastically read about the magical Flower City and its tiny inhabitants. It is noteworthy that in 1969, for a trilogy of works about Dunno, Nosov was awarded the State Prize of the RSFSR named after.

History of creation

The first to come up with Dunno was not Nikolai Nosov, but the Canadian illustrator Palmer Cox, who delighted bookstore regulars with satirical comics about good-natured but mischievous heroes, who were dubbed in mythology the word “brownies.” These little people got up to various tricks together, had fun and plunged into wild adventures.


Cox managed to invent about a hundred “brownies” and, moreover, endowed them with an individual appearance and eccentric character traits. Thus, on the pages of magazines, readers saw a sophisticated gentleman in a top hat and monocle, a Chinese man dressed in traditional clothes, and a leader with feathers on his head and war paint.

Among the shorties were even the former nihilist Russian professor Kotchakoff and a character named Dunno. Cox's pictures were quite intriguing, but the raw text itself required serious literary processing, and the creator did not individualize the speech of individual characters who communicated with each other in a stereotypical dialect.


Not only Canadian, but also Russian fans of graphic novels became acquainted with the little fidgets, and Cox’s original text was freely translated by children’s writer Anna Khvolson. The first edition of her book about forest people, entitled “The Kingdom of Little Ones,” was published in 1889.

Later, everyone forgot about the cheerful “brownies”, since on May 16, 1924, the magazine “Murzilka” appeared in stalls and bookstores, where girls, boys and their parents were delighted with a yellow hero in a red scarf. Therefore, Anna Khvolson’s story, which “sank into oblivion,” was not republished until 1991.


Unfortunately, the story of the creation of the character by Nikolai Nosov is not replete with facts and is shrouded in mystery. But it is known that in 1952 the author met with the Ukrainian writer Bogdan Chaly, who worked as the editor of the magazine “Barvinok”.

The writer shared the idea of ​​“Dunno” with his friend, and the latter suggested placing the manuscript on the pages of the magazine. No sooner said than done: in 1953-1954, the character in the blue hat made his debut in “Periwinkle” in Russian and Ukrainian (translated by F. Makivchuk). The “fairy tale” (this genre was invented by the author himself) was called “The Adventures of Dunno and his comrades.”


Ultimately, the story of Nikolai Nosov grew into a trilogy. In 1958, the second part of the work “Dunno in the Sunny City” was published, which was originally published in the pages of the magazine “Youth”, and then published as a separate book by the publishing house “Detgiz”. The next book about the adventures of the little man - “Dunno on the Moon” - appeared in the magazine “Family and School”, this happened in 1964-65 (later the book received a separate publication).

It is worth noting that Nosov’s works fell in love with young readers not only because of their non-trivial plot. The fact is that the illustrators provided the books with colorful pictures that delighted even the parents.


The artists were Alexey Laptev and Heinrich Valk, and the editions of the “fairy tale” were equipped with dust jackets and color stickers. Therefore, those who bought the early books were very lucky, because subsequent volumes were designed more modestly.

It is noteworthy that the protagonist's hat was mentioned only fleetingly in the text: the author made it known that the headdress was blue. Therefore, initially artists painted it in different ways. Initially, it appeared in the form of a pointed cap, then the hat became a skullcap with a tassel, and only illustrator Alexey Laptev gave the main attribute of Dunno a familiar look.

Biography and plot

A science fiction book with dystopian elements tells about the magical Flower City, which stands on the Cucumber River. Little people lived there - slightly larger than a human finger. The short ones looked after the city, which had a “technological miracle” - a car that ran on sparkling water. It is noteworthy that only boys lived in some houses, and girls in others.


Each of the little men performed a specific function, which corresponded to the kids’ nicknames. For example, Vintik and Shpuntik are jacks of all trades who can fix any breakdown, Dr. Pilyulkin treats children from illnesses, Tube draws colorful pictures, and Donut loves sweets.

So Dunno received such a pseudonym because of his naivety. Since this little guy often gets into trouble, he causes problems for those around him. The hero strives with all his might to acquire new knowledge, but restlessness and inattention play a cruel joke on him. This is how Nikolai Nosov described Dunno in his memoirs:

“...In general, with all the good inclinations that the child will have to strengthen and develop, and with shortcomings that need to be gotten rid of.”

In the first part of the book, Dunno tries to find his place in the sun: he tries to paint, writes poetry, learns to play musical instruments, and so on. But the short man fails to realize himself on his creative path; all his attempts fail.


Next, Dunno becomes a tester of the design that Znayka invented. All the little people travel in a hot air balloon. But due to unforeseen circumstances, the inventor leaves the flying device, and the wind carried the shorties to the Green City, where Dunno meets Snowflake and Blue-Eyed.

While the strict doctor Sorreltail is treating the kids (the little men fell from a balloon, but escaped with minor bruises), Dunno, who had previously managed to separate from his friends, uses his charm and usurps the city, telling his new friends fables from his invented biography: either he is a great musician, or an artist who paints incredible portraits. The happiness of the “master of invention” collapses when Znayka flies to Green City because the scientist exposes the deceiver.


In the second book, Dunno, who has read a lot of fairy tales, tries to give good deeds to others, hoping that he will receive gifts from the wizard. However, the main character is unable to do good deeds selflessly, and any attempt ends in failure.

But the short man manages to bring his plans to life, and he receives a magic wand from the sorcerer. Thanks to this attribute, Dunno, together with Button and Patchkulya Motley, go to the Sunny City, where local residents disperse the gray clouds and rejoice at the fireball in the sky.


In the final part, Znayka, who managed to visit the Moon, discovered a way to achieve artificial weightlessness. After the experiment, the scientist decided to build a rocket and go to this planet again, taking the short ones with him.

Since Dunno took Znayka’s invention without permission, the hero lost the opportunity to go on the expedition. Despite the ban, the boy in the blue hat did not miss his chance and, together with his friend Donut, sneaked onto the rocket secretly. At the last moment, the hero changed his mind about committing such an eccentric act, but accidentally pressed the launch button, and the rocket flew up.


Having fallen inside the Moon, Dunno and his friend find themselves in the capitalist world. So Nikolai Nosov depicted and analyzed a satire on Western society: the poor lived in hotels with rats, and the rich swam in stolen money. The main character managed to be both an entrepreneur and an unemployed tramp who was sent by the police to the Island of Fools.

Znayka built a new rocket and flew to the moon. So the rest of the shorties also learned about problems with local order and law and were able to rescue Dunno, who missed his native Earth, Pencil and other characters.

  • According to rumors, the administrator of the VKontakte community was summoned for questioning because he posted on the social network an excerpt from the book “Dunno on the Moon,” in which Seledochka and Kolosok talked about the police.
  • Rumor has it that Dunno was “copied” from the son of Nikolai Nikolaevich: little Peter was restless with curly hair. The hero of the work also inherited something from his creator - the author of the book loved to wear hats with wide brims.

    • Quotes and phrases

    “Everyone who bought the “Newspaper for Fools” said that he bought it not because he considered himself a fool, but because he was interested in finding out what they wrote about there for fools. By the way, this newspaper was run very wisely. Everything in it was clear even to fools. As a result, “Newspaper for Fools” sold in large quantities.”
    “If the time comes when everyone feels good, then the rich will definitely feel bad.”
    “For some reason you have it written here: “Today for money, tomorrow in debt.” What will happen if you do the opposite: tomorrow for money, today in debt?
    The waiter said:
    “Go to the hostess, let her explain it to you, but I’m not a philosopher to solve such questions.”
    “With nothing to do, Dunno often looked at the picture hanging on the wall with incomprehensible curves and squiggles and kept trying to understand what was drawn on it.”
    “If the little guy screamed in pain, the cop would let him go; if the short man endured the pain in silence, the policeman suspected that in front of him was a bald man, hiding his bald head under a skillfully made wig, and sent him for questioning to the police.”
    “Well, kiss your Moon! I can live without the Moon!”
    “Finally he plucked up enough courage to admit his own cowardice.”

    Behavior is a complex category that takes into account not only physical actions, but also the nature of speech, what and how the hero says. In this case, we are talking about speech behavior, which is often fundamentally important. Speech behavior can explain a system of actions, or it can contradict them.

    Speech behavior is a complex process, socially and psychologically determined.

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    Tkachenko Alena Viktorovna

    Primary school teacher

    RB, Davlekanovsky district, MBOU secondary school village. Forward

    Speech behavior using the example of analysis of the speech characteristics of Dunno, the hero of N. Nosov’s work “The Adventure of Dunno and His Friends”

    Modern children read little, preferring books to watching television programs and videos, and computer games. Children's reading as a spiritual resource in Russia is on a par with the most important state tasks of ensuring the security of Russia, preserving and developing national culture. No one doubts that the situation with children's reading needs to be changed without delay. This task can only be solved through collective efforts. But still, the first place belongs to the school, and above all to the elementary school, since it is here that begins to develop reading skills, teaches to understand the author’s position and to perceive a literary work aesthetically.

    The ability to analyze a text, find its main idea, and evaluate the characters has become an almost mandatory requirement for elementary school graduates.

    In the explanatory note to the program for reading and primary literary education for grades 1–4 of a comprehensive school, R.N. and E.V. Buneev there is a section devoted to the elements of literary analysis and aesthetic experience of what is read. Among the basic skills that should be developed in primary school students are the ability to see images-characters in a text, to classify the works they read as belonging to a certain type and genre: a story, a tale, a fairy tale, a fable, a poem, a play.

    To comprehend the theme and idea of ​​any epic work, deep work on the images of the main characters is necessary. After all, it is through their experiences and actions that the little reader comprehends the author’s intention. In order to make work on the image more productive and accessible to children, it is necessary to create a description of any of the main characters of the work read.

    The objective content of any work, both artistic and scientific, is reality. In a literary work, along with objective content, there is a subjective assessment by the author of events, facts, and human relationships. The writer's assessment of life material constitutes the idea of ​​a work of art. The ideological orientation of the work is determined by the author’s worldview. The artist talks about life using figurative form. The focus is on the image and the author's attitude towards it.

    When analyzing, it is important to teach children to understand the ideological orientation of a work of art.

    When analyzing the form and content of the work, the form and content of the work are considered as a whole.

    Younger schoolchildren are naive realists. They perceive a work of art as reality, they do not notice the form of the work, the writer’s intention, or the artistic features of the work. Children show two types of relationships to the artistic world of works (emotional-imaginative - a direct emotional reaction, intellectual-evaluative, in which there are elements of analysis).

    Adequate perception is formed in the process of analyzing the work, which should be a joint (teacher and students) thinking out loud, which over time will allow the development of a natural need to understand what has been read. According to methodologists A.I. Shpuntov and E.I. Ivanina, the analysis of a work should be aimed at identifying its ideological content, the main idea that the author seeks to convey to his reader, at identifying the artistic value of the work.

    For primary school teachers, one of the tasks in literary reading lessons is to teach students to determine the characteristics of the hero of a work using artistic and expressive means (epithet, comparison, hyperbole) of a given text; finding words and expressions in the text that characterize the hero and the event; analysis (with the help of the teacher) of the reasons for the character’s action; comparison of the heroes’ actions by analogy or contrast; identifying the author's attitude towards the hero based on the name, author's markings.

    First, let's figure out what speech behavior is?

    Behavior is a complex category that takes into account not only physical actions, but also the nature of speech, what and how the hero says. In this case, we are talking about speech behavior, which is often fundamentally important. Speech behavior can explain a system of actions, or it can contradict them.

    Speech behavior is a complex process, socially and psychologically determined.

    In the process of verbal communication, most often, two people act - the speaker and the listener.

    When considering speech behavior, one cannot ignore the concept of norm. A norm of linguistic behavior is a prescribed pattern of behavior that is required from a person in some situation, if the position he occupies in a joint action is known.

    N.I. Formanovskaya notes that speech behavior is regulated by social hierarchy, national culture and etiquette, ritual, upbringing of the linguistic personality and constant practice controlled by consciousness.

    E.A. Zemskaya includes in this list another influential regulator of speech behavior - the category of politeness.

    One of the most important, in our opinion, related to the category of politeness is address, one of the central units of speech etiquette. Any speech contact begins directly with address, which is one of the main means and methods of regulating contact between communicants.

    The address is of interest for research, as it contains significant information about communicative norms and traditions, about the nature of social-status relations in the communicative culture in question, and about the politeness system.

    Researchers believe that elements of this system can be implemented at different language levels:

    1) at the level of vocabulary and phraseology: special words and fixed expressions (Thank you, Please, I beg your pardon, etc.), as well as specialized forms of address (Mr., etc.);

    2) at the grammatical level: using the plural for polite address (including the pronoun you); using interrogative sentences instead of imperatives;

    3) at the stylistic level: the requirement of competent, cultural speech; refusal to use words that directly name obscene and shocking objects and phenomena, using euphemisms instead of these words;

    4) at the intonation level: the use of polite intonation (the same statement can sound like a request or an unceremonious demand);

    5) at the level of spelling: using “Hello” instead of “Zdraste”, etc.;

    6) at the organizational and communication level: prohibition of interrupting the interlocutor, interfering in someone else’s conversation, etc.

    The category of politeness includes such key points as tact, tolerance, generosity, respect, expressed (or not expressed) in speech. From the point of view of speech behavior, politeness presupposes “non-damaging” speech (not insulting) and is aimed at harmonious and conflict-free communication.

    Intentional (or unintentional) violation of etiquette forms of greeting, apology, gratitude, etc. can negatively affect the microclimate in society and lead to social and other conflicts.

    When considering speech behavior, it is also important to consider the speech genre.

    A speech genre, according to M. Bakhtin, is a relatively stable thematic, compositional and stylistic type of statements.

    The following genres are distinguished according to the types of communicative attitudes, the method of participation of partners, their role relationships, the nature of the remarks, the relationship between dialogic and monologue speech: conversation, conversation, story, story, proposal, recognition, request, argument, remark, advice, letter, note.

    Let's consider the speech behavior of Dunno, the hero of N. Nosov's work “Dunno and His Friends.”

    The image of a hero in a work of fiction is made up of many factors - character, appearance, profession, hobbies, circle of acquaintances, attitude towards oneself and others. One of the main ones is the character’s speech, which fully reveals both the inner world and way of life.

    The study of speech characteristics gives us information about what social circle our character belongs to, whether he is educated or not, if this is a dialogue, then what kind of relationships develop between the speakers.

    A talentedly created speech characteristic of the hero is a decoration of the artistic text and an important touch to the character’s portrait.

    Dunno is one of the main characters of the work. He is a braggart and an ignoramus, often finding himself in incredible, sometimes funny, situations due to his carelessness and self-confidence. Dunno is riddled with shortcomings - he can tell lies, commits one action after another that entails troubles. But he is sweet and loved by readers.

    Throughout the entire work, Dunno appears to readers as an absolutely extraordinary person. His way of speaking always boils down to the fact that he always doesn’t tell the truth. Dunno is a big inventor and liar. This comes from his ignorance. This can be seen in the following conversation:

    Listen, Steklyashkin,” Dunno told him. “You understand the story: a piece came off from the sun and hit me on the head.”

    What you. Dunno! - Steklyashkin laughed. - If a piece came off from the sun, it would crush you into a cake. The sun is very big. It is larger than our entire Earth.

    “It can’t be,” answered Dunno. - In my opinion, the sun is no bigger than a plate.

    It only seems so to us because the sun is very far from us. The sun is a huge hot ball. I saw this through my pipe. If even a small piece came off from the sun, it would destroy our entire city.

    Look! - Dunno answered. - I didn’t even know that the sun was so big. I’ll go tell our people - maybe they haven’t heard about it yet. But you still look at the sun through your pipe: what if it’s actually chipped!

    Dunno went home and told everyone he met along the way:

    Everyone laughed because they knew that Dunno was a talker. And Dunno ran home as fast as he could and let’s shout:

    What piece? - they ask him.

    Piece, brothers! A piece came off from the sun. Soon it will flop - and everyone will be done for. Do you know what the sun is like? It is larger than our entire Earth!

    What are you making up?

    I'm not making anything up. Steklyashkin said this. He saw through his pipe.

    Everyone ran out into the yard and began to look at the sun. They looked and looked until tears flowed from their eyes. It began to seem to everyone, blindly, that the sun was actually pockmarked. And Dunno shouted:

    Save yourself who can! Trouble!

    Dunno often takes credit for other people's achievements, saying that he came up with everything. This suggests that he really wants to stand out and be praised by everyone. We can see an example of such bragging and lies in his story to the little children after the hot air balloon accident:

    Tell me, please, who came up with the idea of ​​flying in a hot air balloon?

    “It’s me,” Dunno answered, working his jaws with all his might and trying to chew a piece of pie as quickly as possible.

    What are you saying! Is it really you? - exclamations were heard from all sides.

    Honestly, I am. Don't leave your place! - Dunno swore and almost choked on his pie.

    That's interesting! Please tell us about this,” asked Kubyshka.

    Well, what can I tell you... - Dunno threw up his hands. “Our kids have been asking me to come up with something for a long time: “Think of something, brother, come up with something.” I say: “Brothers, I’m already tired of inventing things. Come up with them yourself.” They say: “Where are we? We’re stupid, and you’re smart. What’s it worth to you? Think of it!” “Well, okay,” I say. “What to do with you! I’ll figure it out.” And he began to think.

    Dunno began to chew the pie with a thoughtful look. The little ones looked at him impatiently. Finally, Squirrel decided to break the prolonged silence and, seeing that Dunno was reaching for a new pie, timidly said:

    You stopped at what you started thinking.

    Yes! - he exclaimed, as if waking up. Dunno hit the pie on the table. - I thought for three days and three nights, and what would you think? I figured it out! “Here, I say, brothers: you will have a ball!” And they made a ball. Even the poet Tsvetik is about me... we have such a poet... he wrote poems: “Our Dunno came up with the ball...” Or not: “Our Dunno came up with the ball...” Or not: “Our Dunno came up with the ball.. "No, I forgot! You know, they write a lot of poems about me, you can’t remember them all.

    Dunno started eating the pie again.

    How did you make the ball? - asked Blue Eyes.

    Oh, that was a lot of work! All our kids worked day and night. Someone smears the rubber, someone pumps the pump, but I just walk and whistle... that is, I don’t whistle, but I tell everyone what to do. Without me, no one understands anything. Explain to everyone, show everyone. This is a very important matter, because the balloon can burst every minute. I have two assistants, Vintik and Shpuntik, jacks of all trades. They can do everything, but their head is weak. Everything needs to be explained and shown to them. So I explained to them how to make a cauldron. And the work began: the boiler was boiling, the water was gurgling, steam was whistling, it was terrible what was happening!

    This lie captivates him so much that he talks and talks non-stop. He feels superior to the little ones, they admire him, they listen to him with great interest, they believe him.

    Dunno is overly talkative, he is quite unceremonious. On the other hand, he knows how to conduct and maintain a dialogue.

    When addressing his comrades, he always says “Brothers.” This is customary in their “family”; it is a kind of respectful treatment. For example:

    Brothers, do you know what the sun is like? It is larger than our entire Earth. That's what it is! And now, brothers, a piece has broken off from the sun and is flying straight towards us. Soon it will fall and crush us all. It's terrible what will happen! Go ask Steklyashkin.

    Brothers, save yourself! The piece is flying!

    Brothers, open the gate quickly, otherwise I’ll break everything in the yard!

    Brothers, am I still alive?

    In requests, on the contrary, speech etiquette is not visible. His requests begin unceremoniously, the words “please” and “thank you” are missing. For example:

    Dunno was jealous that Guslya was being praised, so he began to ask him:

    Teach me to play. I also want to be a musician.

    “Study,” Guslya agreed. -What do you want to play?

    What is the easiest thing to learn?

    On the balalaika.

    Well, give me the balalaika, I’ll try it.

    Or:

    After no one wanted to listen to Neznaykin’s music, he decided to become an artist. He came to Tube and said:

    Listen, Tube, I also want to be an artist. Give me some paints and a brush.

    Or:

    One day Dunno came to Tsvetik and said:

    Listen, Tsvetik, teach me to write poetry. I also want to be a poet.

    Do you have any abilities? - asked Tsvetik.

    Of course have. “I’m very capable,” answered Dunno.

    In other cases he is quite gallant. One might even say that he is capable of compliments. This can be seen in the dialogue with the little ones:

    You see! And speak. You must lie still until I call the doctor. What is your name?

    Dunno. And yours?

    My name is Sineglazka.

    “It’s a good name,” Dunno approved.

    I'm very glad you like it. You are obviously a well-mannered kid.

    Dunno's face broke into a smile. He was very pleased that he was praised, because almost no one ever praised him, but more and more scolded him. There were no kids nearby, and Dunno was not afraid that they would tease him for hanging out with the baby. That’s why I spoke to Sineglazka quite freely and politely.

    What's the other one's name? - asked Dunno.

    Which other one?

    The one you were talking to. So beautiful, with white hair.

    Or for example:

    You can apply a piece of plaster, - Dunno came up with. - You brought a plaster from the pharmacy.

    I brought it for you.

    “Enough for everyone,” answered Dunno.

    He took the patch and cut it into four pieces with scissors.

    Glue it quickly,” Sineglazka was worried. - Here, here...

    She raised her forehead and pointed with her finger where to stick the patch. Dunno stuck the patch on, but when he saw that it was stuck askew, he began to tear it off.

    Be careful! Be careful! - Sineglazka shouted. - You will smear my whole forehead with this nasty plaster.

    “Okay now,” said Dunno, having finished his work.

    Dunno often gets into arguments. He will never remain silent and will always find something to answer. For example:

    Look, brothers,” Dunno suddenly shouted, “our house remains downstairs!”

    Everyone laughed, and Grumpy said:

    And you must have thought that the house would fly with us?

    I didn’t think anything like that! - Dunno was offended. “I just saw that our house was standing, so I said it.” We used to live in a house all the time, but now we fly in a hot air balloon.

    “Here we go,” Grumpy grumbled. - We'll fly somewhere else!

    You, Grumpy, keep grumbling,” answered Dunno. - There is no peace from you even in a hot air balloon.

    Well, leave if you don't like it!

    Where am I going to go?

    Well, that's enough! - Znayka shouted at the debaters.

    Or:

    Ugliness! - Grumpy grumbled to himself. “You’re sitting here and you can’t even see your own shadow.”

    You're grumbling again! - said Dunno. - There is no peace for you anywhere.

    - “Rest, peace!” - Grumpy mimicked him. - What peace in a hot air balloon! If you want peace, then stay at home.

    Well, just sit there.

    And I don't need peace.

    You're arguing again! - said Znayka. - We'll have to put you on the ground.

    Grumpy and Dunno got scared and stopped arguing.

    It happens that Dunno begins to point and even threaten:

    And I say, quarrel! Or I'll quarrel with you myself.

    Well, quarrel. Just think!

    So I’ll quarrel, but I’ll give your Mushka and Button a kick!

    Dunno clenched his fists and rushed to the little ones. Gunka blocked his way and hit him on the forehead with his fist. They began to fight, and Mushka and Button got scared and ran away.

    So, because of these little ones, you hit me on the forehead with your fist? - Dunno shouted, trying to hit Gunka on the nose.

    Why do you offend them? - asked Gunka, waving his fists in all directions.

    Just think, what kind of defender was found! - Dunno answered and hit his friend on the top of the head with such force that Gunka even crouched down and rushed to run away.

    I'm at odds with you! - Dunno shouted after him.

    At the end of the work, Dunno still appears before readers in a different light. He begins to admit his mistakes:

    The kids surrounded Dunno and began to feel sorry for him. Dunno said:

    I used to not want to hang out with babies and thought that babies were better, but now I see that babies are not better at all. The kids did nothing but tease, and the little ones stood up for me. Now I will always be friends with the little ones.

    Or:

    “You know,” said Dunno, “I don’t know how to dance at all.”

    It’s good that you admitted it yourself,” answered Sineglazka. - Another person in your place would tell a big lie, say that his legs and arms hurt, but you honestly said that you don’t know how. I see that I can be friends with you.

    Of course, it’s possible,” Dunno agreed.

    “I like to be friends with kids,” said Sineglazka. - I don’t like babies because they imagine too much about their beauty and twirl in front of the mirror.

    “There are also kids who love to look in the mirror,” answered Dunno.

    Or for example:

    I made friends with Sineglazka! - Dunno answered proudly.

    So they believed you! - said Button. “You even quarreled with your friend Gunka because he’s friends with little kids.”

    Nothing like this! I have already made peace with Gunka and now I will always be friends with the little ones.

    Why weren't you friends before? - asked Chamomile.

    I used to be very stupid. I was afraid that I would be teased for hanging out with kids.

    “You will be afraid now,” answered Button.

    No. Now I'm already a scientist. Do you want me to be friends with you? And whoever laughs will get hit on the forehead from me.

    I really need you to fight for me! - answered Button.

    Well, I won't fight. I just won't pay attention to the ridicule.

    At the end of all the adventures, Dunno understands a lot and his conscience awakens. He begins to miss his best friend and feels ashamed of his fight with him. We can see all this in the next episode:

    At this time, Dunno howled so loudly that everyone stopped crying in surprise and began to console him. Everyone asked why he was crying so loudly, but Dunno whined and did not answer. Finally he said, still sobbing:

    I miss Gu... I miss Gu... I miss Gunka!

    Why did it happen? - everyone was surprised. - I wasn’t bored, I wasn’t bored and suddenly I was bored!

    Yes! - Dunno answered capriciously. - I’m here, but Gunka stayed at home!

    Well, your Gunka won’t be lost without you,” said Toropyzhka.

    No, it will disappear! I know he misses me too. Gunka is my best friend, and I didn’t even say goodbye to him when we flew away in the hot air balloon.

    Why didn't you say goodbye?

    I quarreled with him and did not want to say goodbye. When we were flying away, he kept looking at me and waving his hand at me, and I even deliberately turned away and did not want to look at him. I was proud then because I was flying in a hot air balloon, but now I’m tormented by this... what’s her name?..

    Conscience? - suggested Doctor Pilyulkin.

    Here, brothers, is conscience! If I said goodbye, it would be easier for me. Let's return home, brothers, I will make peace with Gunka and say goodbye.

    If we return, we will have to say hello, not goodbye,” said Znayka.

    Well, it doesn’t matter, I’ll say goodbye first, and then say hello, and everything will be fine.

    Based on the above, we can offer the following recommendations for analyzing the speech behavior of the hero of a literary work.

    1. It is necessary to conduct a lesson (extracurricular activity) on the topic “Speech behavior” and “Speech etiquette”;
    2. In literary reading lessons, you can use the following scheme for analyzing speech behavior:
    • Appearance of the hero;
    • What can you say about the hero's speech?
    • Does the hero use speech etiquette in his speech?
    • How does he address other characters? His relationships with other characters?
    • Can you maintain a dialogue?
    • Which statements most fully reveal the character of the hero of the work?
    • What can you say about the hero? What is your opinion about him?

    Conclusion: if you use the analysis of the speech behavior of the characters in a literary work as observation material, this contributes to a better assimilation and understanding of not only the work itself, but also the character of the characters themselves in particular.


    : “Avoska has a sweet cheesecake under her pillow.”

    Together with other shorties, Avoska went on a trip in a hot air balloon. For this trip he dressed in his ski suit, as he considered it very convenient for this type of activity.

    While traveling in a hot air balloon, Avoska cut a hole in the balloon basket with a penknife in order to pour out sand, which Neboska scattered from the ballast bag. This contributed to the rapid breakdown of the basket upon impact with the ground.

    Vintik and Shpuntik

    They live with Dunno and other shorties in the Flower City. As Nosov wrote about them, they were two very inventive and restless minds. Chief mechanics, carpenters, mechanics, etc. of the Flower City. Jacks of all trades. Inseparable, as brothers should be.

    However, they also have some subordination - Nosov calls Shpuntik assistant mechanic Vintik.

    Appears in all three books. Without them, the balloon and both rockets would not have been constructed.

    Wizard

    The only character from the trilogy who does not fit into the general science fiction concept of the work. Has supernatural powers. He has magical objects, one of which (a magic wand) he gives to Dunno for use.

    Gunka

    Julio

    Julio- arms dealer. His store was called "The Miscellaneous Goods Store." Initially, he took part in the creation of the Giant Plants JSC, but then he was bribed by Sprouts and escaped with Miga and Krabs.

    Znayka

    Znayka- a short man, the eldest among other short men living in Flower City. Znayka is very smart, as he reads a lot of books and is very inquisitive, as well as strict and pedantic, sometimes to the point of being boring.

    In addition, he is careful with conclusions, but sometimes spontaneous. He can get involved in a fight, he can make a decision in the middle of the night and, without delay, leave early in the morning on business. Znayka wore a formal suit and glasses. Znayka has great authority among the short ones. Znayka, without warning, calls Vintik and Shpuntik to the Sunny City, and they unconditionally obey. He is recognized in the scientific circles of the Sunny City. Znayka’s opponent is Professor Zvezdochkin, who subsequently makes peace with him, and they become friends.

    Button

    Button- little Mushka's friend. Kind and well-mannered little girl.

    Bullet

    Pulka- one of 16 short guys from Kolokolchikov Street. A hunter, he has a gun that shoots corks, and a dog, Bulka. After the balloon crashed, Bulka ran back to the Flower City, and Pulka sprained his leg and spent a long time undergoing treatment in the Green City hospital near Medunitsa, where he became terribly insolent. When Pulka and his friends returned to Flower City, Pulka met with Bulka.

    Sineglazka

    Sineglazka- a baby from the Green City, where travelers from the Flower City accidentally landed. During his stay in the Green City, Dunno lived in the house where Sineglazka lived with other kids. She is described as a fair and reasonable little girl.

    Syrup

    Sakharin Sakharinich Syrupchik- a short guy from Flower City who loves syrup and other tasty drinks. Likes to dress in plaid clothes.

    Scooperfield

    Scooperfield- a character in the last book of the trilogy about Dunno. A resident of the city of Brechenville, an incredible miser and greedy person. At the same time, he is also a little stupid. An example is the facts of his behavior in the hotel, in the forest and on the train, as well as the instructions that he gave to his loudmouths - to sell shares of giant plants at a ferthing thing, as a result of which he almost went bankrupt, because by that time the Giant Plant Society had burst, and the shares became just paper, but he knew nothing about the stock exchange news, because he was sorry for the money for newspapers. All my life I suffered from the fear of losing all my money. I got rid of this fear when I actually lost all my money.

    I got into the forest for the first time with the help of Mr. Krabs (Sprouts' assistant), where he was tied up for a long time before the arrival of Miga and Julio. The latter wanted to receive a reward for their “concern,” but Scooperfield managed to escape from them by hitting one of them with a cane. After which he wandered through the forest and was bitten by ants. In the fog I came across a potato field, where I picked potato tubers, not knowing what they were. Was driven away by the watchman.

    He lost all his capital as a result of unsuccessful financial fraud with shares of the Giant Plant Society. Because of the low salary, the workers of his factory rebelled and began to manage the factory themselves, which set an example for the rest of the lunatics. Subsequently, Scooperfield was re-educated and went to work at his own pasta factory. Since then, he goes to the zoo every day, as he loves animals (especially after visiting the forest with Krabs) and nature.

    Sprouts

    Sprouts- the richest and most influential lunatic. He loves the existing regime very much and reacts extremely painfully when someone tries to get rich without agreeing with him. He dislikes even more those who get rich for good causes, as is the case with the Giant Plant Society. He is a very dangerous opponent for positive characters, especially after he was able to lure the weak-willed Miga and Julio to his side, but soon he has to find himself in a situation where his money is already powerless. True, this makes him even more dangerous.

    Rest

    • Alpha - astronomer from the Moon, colleague of Memega
    • Arbuzik is a famous architect who found a wonderful way to build very beautiful buildings and invented a whole range of new building materials. Mentioned by Kubik.
    • Squirrel is Sineglazka's friend.
    • Pancake is a famous transformative artist who performed at the Solnechnogorod variety theater.
    • Krykun is one of the donkeys turned by Dunno into a runt. Partner of Caligula and Pegasus.
    • Bubenchik - mentioned when discussing the case of the disappearance of Listik by one of the passengers of bus number nine in Sunny City as his acquaintance, who “got lost on the street one night and couldn’t find his way home.”
    • Bublik is a resident of Zmeevka.
    • Bukashkin is a newspaper reader, an architect from Sunny City, who published a “big article in the newspaper” about the outrages of carminatives.
    • Letter is Listik's friend.
    • Vertibutylkin is an architect from Sunny City who created the first design of a rotating house in Sunny City “several years ago.”
    • Grumpy is a grumpy character, always dissatisfied with everything. Lives in Flower City.
    • Galochka is Sineglazka's neighbor.
    • Gvozdik is a resident of Zmeevka.
    • Guslya is a musician of the Flower City.
    • Drigl is one of the lunar policemen.
    • Yolochka is Sineglazka's neighbor.
    • Yorshik is the “leader” of a crowd of pedestrians in the Sunny City who were trying to take away the hose from Pegasik and Dunno, who were dousing themselves with water.
    • Zainka is Sineglazka's friend.
    • Zvezdochka is a singer from the Variety Theater in Sunny City.
    • Zvyozdochkin is a professor-astronomer from Sunny City. Znayka’s opponent, who was subsequently ridiculed and took his side.
    • Igolochka is an employee of the art department at a clothing factory in Sunny City.
    • Kalachik is a combine harvester driver, a resident of Sunny City.
    • Caligula is one of the donkeys turned by Dunno into a runt. Partner of Krykun and Pegasik.
    • Droplet - Referred to as a baby who "cried every time it started to rain."
    • Karasik is a foreman at a clothing factory in Sunny City, as well as an actor in the theater.
    • Kitty is Swallow's friend.
    • Klyopka is an engineer in the Solar City.
    • Klops is the owner of the garden where Dunno descended by parachute.
    • Compressik is a doctor from the Sunny City Hospital.
    • Krabs is the manager of the Sprouts manufacturer.
    • Kubik is an architect from Sunny City.
    • Kubyshka is Sineglazka's neighbor.
    • Eraser is a famous writer from Sunny City, mentioned as the author of the book “Thirty-three Merry Little Crows”, used by Dr. Compressik in the treatment of policeman Svistulkin.
    • Swallow is Kisonka's friend.
    • Lilia is the duty director of the Malvasia Hotel, Sunny City.
    • Leaflet is a baby from Sunny City, turned by Dunno into a donkey. A typical "book swallower".
    • Makovka -
    • Daisy is Sineglazka's neighbor.
    • Lungwort is a doctor in the Green City.
    • Memega - astronomer from the Moon, colleague of Alpha
    • Migl is one of the lunar policemen. Conducts registration of offenses and preliminary inquiries. Has flat humor. He considers himself the first person in the department, since detainees are first brought to him. Using biometric data, he mistakenly identified the arrested Dunno as a dangerous criminal, bank robber Handsome. Corrupt. Extorted a bribe from Dunno.
    • Mikrosha
    • Policeman Karaulkin is a policeman from Sunny City, who, when Dunno was detained for dousing him with water from a hose, “sat at the control panel” at the Sunny City police station. Short and plump.
    • Policeman Sapozhkin is the policeman who “grabbed Supchik by the collar and dragged him to the police station,” and then arrested him for seven days.
    • Policeman Svistulkin is a policeman from Sunny City who detained Dunno for dousing him with water from a hose and sent him to the police station. Long and thin.
    • Policemen Kaskin and Palochkin
    • Silent - a resident of the Flower City, always silent.
    • Mushka is the friend of Button and Gunka, who protected her and Button from Dunno. I watched the balloon take off.
    • Neboska is Avoska's brother.
    • Thread is an artist at a clothing factory in Sunny City. Chess player from Chess Town.
    • Pegasik is one of the donkeys of the Sunny City, turned by Dunno into a runt. Partner of Krykun and Caligula.
    • Peryshkin is a newspaper correspondent from Sunny City.
    • Button is an artist at a clothing factory in Sunny City.
    • Confused
    • Baby Daisy from Flower City watched the balloon fly away.
    • Samotsvetik is the poetess of the Green City.
    • Herring is a resident of Sunny City, one of the rocket designers.
    • Sedenky is a poor lunatic, the first rural shareholder of Giant Plants JSC, who gave an interview to the press.
    • Smekaylo is a writer from the city of Zmeevka.
    • Snowflake is a colleague (co-worker) of Sineglazka.
    • Conscience - Dunno's Conscience. Constantly reproaches him at night for bad deeds
    • Solomka is an agronomist and watermelon breeder from Green City.
    • Steklyashkin is an astronomer in the Flower City.
    • Dragonfly is Sineglazka's friend.
    • Soupchik and Krendelek are residents of the Sunny City - carminatives who quarreled on the street.
    • Tarakashkin is a reader of Sunny City who posted a response to Bukashkin’s article in “another newspaper.” It is mentioned that Gulkin, Mulkin, Promokashkin, Cherepushkin, Kondrashkin, Chushkin, Tyutelkin, Murashkin, as well as professor Mordochkina also wrote articles “on this topic.”
    • Topic
    • Toropyzhka is a resident of the Flower City, he is in a hurry all the time and does not sit still.
    • Tube is an artist of the Flower City.
    • Fantik is an entertainer from the Variety Theater in Sunny City.
    • The figure is a chess champion from Sun City, mentioned as having constructed a large chess machine.
    • Fix is ​​Klops's servant.
    • Figl is one of the lunar policemen. Patrol. Prone to rudeness, sadism and psychopathy. He detained Dunno after an unpaid lunch in the cafeteria and took him to the police department.
    • Flyazhkin is a friend of Jester and Korzhik.
    • Fuchsia is a resident of Sunny City, one of the rocket designers.
    • Funtik is a singer from the Variety Theater in Sunny City.
    • Tsvetik is a poet of the Flower City.
    • Cylinder is an engineer who is mentioned by Karasik when demonstrating the large textile boiler of Engineer Cylinder's system at the clothing factory in Sunny City.
    • Tsirkul is a famous traveler-cyclist from the city of Katigoroshkin, who decided to go around all the short towns “that there were in the world.” Mentioned when explaining the name Pachkuli Pestrenky.
    • Chubchik is a flower waterer from Sunny City.
    • Shpilechka is an artist at a clothing factory in Sunny City.
    • Shtuchkin is a theatrical director and carminer from Sunny City.
    • Shurupchik is a resident of Zmeevka, an inventor.
    • Jester and Korzhik are residents of Sunny City, two friends.
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