Nikolai Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet, writer and publicist. His works have become classics of Russian literature. He was one of the first poets who began to pay great attention to peasant life.
Biography of Nekrasov
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on November 28, 1821 in Nemirov, Podolsk province Russian Empire. He had 13 brothers and sisters, 10 of whom died in childhood.
Nekrasov's father, Alexei Sergeevich, was a despotic and stern man. Working as police officers (head of the police), he often had to beat out arrears from the peasants by force.
Childhood and youth
Father often took little Kolya with him when he worked on the road. As a result of such forced business trips, the future writer was an unwitting witness to many terrible pictures.
He often saw how peasants unable to pay taxes were beaten to death, and their relatives were subjected to all sorts of human humiliations.
In addition, the father repeatedly arranged orgies with serf girls who had to obey their master.
One of these mistresses was Nekrasov's mother, who suffered ill-treatment from the police officer.
All these events were reflected in the biography of Nekrasov and influenced the formation of his personality.
Education
At the age of 11, Nikolai began to study at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. He did not have a very good academic record due to the fact that he spent all his free time writing.
After studying at the gymnasium for 5 years, he graduated from it in 1837, the year he died tragically. Since the father wanted to make a military man out of his son, in 1838 he got him a job at the Konstantinovsky Artillery School, located in.
However, the future writer was not very interested in military affairs, as a result of which he decided to enter St. Petersburg University.
This decision made my father furious. He threatened his son to stop financial support if he went to university.
Interestingly, this did not frighten Nekrasov at all, as a result of which he began to actively prepare for the exams. But he failed to pass them, so he became a volunteer at the Faculty of Philology.
Difficult years
Due to the fact that the father stopped sending money to his son, Nikolai was in dire need. He often went hungry, and often he simply had nowhere to sleep. For a while he lived on the street, dragging out a miserable existence.
One day a beggar passing by took pity on him and took him to one of the slums where he could at least have a roof over his head.
These years will become the most difficult in Nekrasov's biography, although they tempered his youthful years.
Literary activity
A few years later, Nekrasov managed to adapt to the conditions in which he lived. Soon he began to write short articles and published in various publications. In addition, he periodically gave lessons, thanks to which he had additional income.
Nikolai Alekseevich plunged headlong into literature, reading the works of Russian and foreign authors. After that, he began to hone his skills in writing poems and vaudeville, as well as diligently work on prose.
As a result, he earned the amount of money needed to publish his first collection of poems, Dreams and Sounds (1840).
An interesting fact is that Nekrasov was very upset by criticism of his works, since by nature he was a very emotional person.
Something similar was done before him, who bought and burned the "Hanz Kühelgarten".
However, despite the criticism, Nikolai Nekrasov did not give up, but rather continued to work on himself. Soon he began to collaborate with the well-known St. Petersburg publication Otechestvennye Zapiski.
Every year his work got better, and pretty soon a warm and friendly relationship developed between Nekrasov and Belinsky.
During this period, Nekrasov's biography, his works began to be actively published and received positive reviews from critics, including Belinsky himself.
In his financial situation, the writer also did not experience any difficulties. In 1846, together with like-minded people, he acquired the Sovremennik magazine, in which many writers later began to publish:, etc.
Due to the fact that the publication was under tsarist censorship, most of the works were of an adventure nature, but this in no way affected the popularity of the magazine.
In the mid-1950s, a serious trouble occurred in Nekrasov's biography. He falls ill with a sore throat, as a result of which he has to go to Italy for treatment.
After staying there for some time, he recovered and returned to his homeland. In the meantime, his works began to be considered among the best, and Dobrolyubov turned out to be among his true friends and assistants.
In 1866, Sovremennik was closed, as a result of which Nekrasov had to look for new ways to continue his activities.
Soon he rented the publication "Domestic Notes", in which he began to successfully publish his own works, as well as collaborate with other writers.
The most famous work in the biography of Nekrasov is the poem “Who in Rus' should live well”, which was completed in 1876.
It told about the journey of 7 ordinary men looking for a happy person.
After it, many poems come out from the poet's pen, which have positive reviews, both from critics and from the ordinary reader.
Love in the life of a poet
In the biography of Nekrasov there were 3 women who differed from each other both in character and in social status.
The first love was Avdotya Panaeva, whom Nekrasov first saw in 1842. Soon they began a stormy romance, as a result of which they began to live together.
And although they were not officially scheduled, they managed to live together for more than 15 years. Avdotya was a literate and beautiful woman.
An interesting fact is that Fyodor Dostoevsky was in love with her, who, however, could not achieve reciprocity (see).
The next Nekrasov girl was the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, who was distinguished by her easy character and simplicity.
Their close relationship developed over several years, but it never came to marriage.
The third and last woman in Nekrasov's biography was Fekla Viktorova.
All her life she lived in the village, and was a very simple and good-natured person.
Despite the fact that she had a meager education, Nikolai Alekseevich fell in love with her unconsciously.
The couple got married six months before the death of the poet, having failed to fully enjoy their married life.
Death
In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The disease caused a lot of suffering, which did not allow him to fully engage in writing.
However, after he began to receive letters from devoted readers, he perked up and took up his pen again.
Sick Nekrasov continues to work in bed IN last years In his lifetime, he managed to write a satirical poem "Contemporaries", as well as to compose a number of poems "Last Songs".
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 at the age of 56. Despite the severe December frosts, thousands of people came to say goodbye to the Russian poet.
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Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich (1821-1878) - Russian poet, classicist, writer and even revolutionary. The most famous of his works are probably heard by every person: “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, “Moro is a red nose”, “Grandfather Mazai and hares”. And today we will just consider the most interesting facts from the life of Nekrasov N.A. according to our site.
1. Nekrasov comes from a noble and once wealthy noble family. But his grandfather was a very gambler, he lost almost all his fortune in cards. In general, playing cards was a hereditary "disease". The father of the future poet told the children:
Our ancestors were rich. Your great-great-grandfather lost seven thousand souls, great-grandfather - two, grandfather (my father) - one, I - nothing, because there was nothing to lose, but I also like to play cards
2. Nekrasov's mother married his father in 1817 in defiance of her parents. As a result, this marriage was very unhappy for her. Her husband treated her badly, openly cheated on her with peasant serfs, and also committed atrocities against the serfs. But Nikolai himself loved his mother very much. Mother became the brightest and warmest image in his life and he dedicated many poems to her, as well as the poems “Mother” and “Knight for an Hour”. And in general, he tried to convey to many female characters a piece of the image of his mother and her difficult female lot.
3. At the age of 11, Nikolai entered the Gymnasium, where he studied up to the fifth grade. He studied very poorly and did not get along very well with the main ones, in particular because of his satirical rhymes.
4. The father wanted to send Nekrasov Jr. to the noble regiment, but he escaped as a volunteer of the philological faculty. Father doesn't like it very much. This even angers him and he threatens to deprive him of his inheritance and ceases to finance him. Because of this, Nekrasov has to constantly starve, work at various low-paid jobs in order to feed himself. You have to sleep in the cheapest rooming houses, if not on the street at all.
5. Life accidentally brought the young Nekrasov to Belinsky, who later brought him to the house of the famous writer Panaev, where famous and not very poets gathered. writers and writers, among whom were Herzen, Goncharov, and even (though young even then). And then, after dinner and reading poetry, the guests sat down at the table to play preference. It was then that the old love for cards woke up in Nekrasov. Thus, he was able to beat everyone present.
6. Nekrasov could play cards, but he had his own rules so as not to repeat the fate of his grandfather, for example, to play only with the money that was set aside specifically for the game. Thus, he set aside about 15-20 thousand rubles a year for the game, and often increased this amount thanks to the game. So playing cards was almost the main source of his income, not counting the fees.
7. Nikolai believed in signs that before the game you can’t give or lend money to anyone. And then one day an employee of Sovremennik came to him and asked for 300 rubles on account of his salary. Nekrasov refused. Then that employee tearfully begged him and even said that he would put a bullet in his forehead if he did not give money. Nekrasov refused anyway, and the next day he found out that this man had really shot himself. He had to give 1,000 rubles, otherwise he would have been put in a debtor's prison. After that, Nekrasov was very worried about this.
8. In the house of the Panaevs, Nekrasov met his first love, whose name was Avdotya Panaeva. But there was one caveat. She was at that time the wife of that same Ivan Panaev (the owner of the house and the organizer of the literary salon). Avdotya was a very beautiful woman and Nikolai immediately fell in love with her. But being a faithful wife, she rejected his courtship, despite the fact that with her husband they no longer had any feelings for each other, and he even said that he should do whatever he wants. He didn't care. But one day Nekrasov still got his way and they began to live in a civil marriage.
But the most interesting thing was that they all lived together in the house of the Panaevs, together with Ivan himself, i.e. an official husband who no longer cared about his wife. At that moment, many friends turned their backs on him. But Nekrasov didn't care. They got along well together and even revived the Sovremennik magazine.
9. Nekrasov and Panaeva even wrote several works through joint efforts, although Avdotya took the pseudonym Stanitsky for writing works.
10. Nekrasov went hunting with Turgenev himself, who was considered the best hunter. They became just real friends and constantly corresponded. But after one unpleasant affair with Avdotya Panaeva, Nekrasov's reputation was greatly shaken and Turgenev stopped any communication with him.
11. Nekrasov was married to a village girl, Fyokla Anisimovna, whom he called Zina. But he was already at the age of 48, and she was only 23. But despite this, they got along well, went to theaters, even loved each other. But throughout his life, Nekrasov could not forget Avdotya Panaeva, and no one could take her place in the heart of the poet.
12. In 1875, the poet was diagnosed with bowel cancer. Life became painful and even the famous Viennese doctor could only prolong the life of Nikolai Alekseevich for a short time.
13. A huge number of people came to Nekrasov's funeral, among whom were famous writers and poets. When Dostoevsky gave a speech, he said that Nekrasov was in third place among poets after Pushkin and Lermontov. For such a statement, he was booed and everyone shouted that Nekrasov was the best.
October 16, 2014, 17:05To be honest, I don’t remember much about Nekrasov’s personality, unlike his work, from school, apparently due to the fact that he (seemingly) was not passed in high school. While preparing the post, I discovered Nekrasov for myself, so, perhaps, some facts will be known to many, but I came across for the first time. 
♦ Nekrasov was an avid gambler. He became a gambler already as an adult and a famous writer. As a child, he played with the yard. At the age of 17, you found yourself in St. Petersburg without the material support of your father (due to the fact that you disobeyed him and did not go to military service in a noble regiment, preferring a literary career). He did not have enough money not only for the game, but even for food. The case helped. Belinsky drew attention to Nekrasov and brought him to the house of the writer Panaev. Well-known and just beginning writers, poets, and journalists often gathered in the house of the writer Ivan Panaev. Granovsky and Turgenev argued in this house, Vissarion Belinsky stayed up late, Herzen and Goncharov dined, and the young writer Fyodor Dostoevsky timidly looked around at the mistress of the house. Nikolai Alekseevich did not know how to behave in this society, he was awkward, he shocked the ladies present with his poems. After reading poetry and having dinner, the guests decided to have fun and sat down for preference. And here the newcomer showed himself in full glory, beating everyone. Belinsky was annoyed, getting up from the table, he said: “It’s dangerous to play with you, my friend, leave us without boots!”
♦ The years passed quickly, Nekrasov was already in charge of the Sovremennik magazine. We must give him his due - the magazine flourished under the able leadership. The populists learned his poems by heart. On a personal level, things were also going well - Nikolai Alekseevich recaptured his wife from Panaev . His wealth became greater, the poet got a coachman and a footman.
♦ In the fifties, he began to frequent the English club and play enthusiastically. Panaeva warned him that this occupation would not lead to good, but Nikolai Alekseevich answered self-confidently: “In what else do I lack character, but in cards I am a stoic! I won't lose! But now I play with people who don't have long nails." And this remark was made for a reason, because there was an instructive incident in Nekrasov's life. Once the writer Afanasiev-Chuzhbinsky dined with the poet, he was famous for his well-groomed long nails. This man circled Nikolai Alekseevich around his finger. As long as the stakes were small, the famous poet won. But as soon as he increased the bet to twenty-five rubles, luck turned away from him, and in one hour of play Nekrasov lost a thousand rubles. Checking the cards after the game, the owner found that they were all marked with a sharp fingernail. After this incident, Nekrasov never played with people with sharp, long nails.
♦ Nikolai Alekseevich even developed his own game code:
- never tempt fate
- if you are unlucky in one game, you need to switch to another
- a prudent, smart player must be starved
- before the game, you need to look your partner in the eyes: if he can’t stand the look, the game is yours, but if he can stand it, then don’t bet more than a thousand
- play only for money that is set aside in advance, just for the game.
♦ Nekrasov annually set aside up to twenty thousand rubles for the game, and then, while playing, tripled this amount. And only after that the big game began. But in spite of everything, Nikolai Alekseevich had an amazing capacity for work, and this allowed him to live in grand style. It must be admitted that not only fees made up his income. Nekrasov was a lucky player. His winnings reached up to one hundred thousand silver. Caring about the people's happiness, he never missed his own.
♦ Like all gamblers, Nikolai Alekseevich believed in signs, and this led to an accident in his life. It is generally considered bad luck for players to borrow money before a game. And just before the game, Ignatius Piotrovsky, an employee of Sovremennik, had to turn to Nekrasov with a request to give him three hundred rubles as a salary. Nikolai Alekseevich refused the petitioner. Piotrovsky tried to persuade Nekrasov, he said that if he did not receive this money, he would put a bullet in his forehead. But Nikolai Alekseevich was inexorable, and the next morning he learned about the death of Ignatius Piotrovsky. It turned out that he owed only a thousand rubles, but he was threatened with a debtor's prison. The young man preferred death to disgrace. All his life Nekrasov remembered this incident and was painfully worried.
♦ The famous poet refuted the well-known proverb "who is not lucky in cards, he is lucky in love." Despite his rustic appearance and constant illness, Nekrasov desperately loved women. In his youth, he used the services of maids in his father's house. Then, before meeting with Panaeva, he used the services of cheap prostitutes.
Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva
♦ Ivan Panaev was a bad family man. He was a reveler and a playboy, he loved women very passionately. At first he loved his wife, Avdotya Yakovlevna, and admired her beauty, but was unable to maintain marital fidelity for a long time. He gave Avdotya complete freedom. But her upbringing did not allow her to decide on treason. Until the young, ambitious 22-year-old poet Nikolai Aleseevich Nekrasov appeared in Panaev's house ...
Avdotya was a beautiful girl: black-haired, with bewitching huge eyes and a wasp waist, she instantly attracted the glances of men who were in their house. She resolutely refused everyone, including the new guest Nikolai Nekrasov. He was more persistent than others. But Panaeva in every possible way rejected his courtship, removed him from herself, not noticing that in this way she kindled Nekrasov's passion more strongly. In the summer of 1846, the Panaev couple spent time in the Kazan province on their estate. Nekrasov was also with them. Here he finally approaches Avdotya. Ivan Panaev didn’t care about his wife’s betrayal ...
♦ Nikolai Nekrasov was a pathological jealous man. Almost every day they spent together was not without scandal. He was fickle, but just as passionate. After the accusations and undeserved suspicions against Avdotya, he immediately cooled down and rushed to her to put up. Their relationship is well conveyed by the poem. "You and I are stupid people."
You and I are stupid people:
What a minute, the flash is ready!
Relief of an agitated chest,
An unreasonable, harsh word.
Speak up when you're angry
Everything that excites and torments the soul!
Let us, my friend, be angry openly:
The world is easier - and more likely to get bored.
If prose in love is inevitable,
So let's take a share of happiness from her:
After a quarrel so full, so tender
The return of love and participation ...
In 1849, Nekrasov and Panaeva were expecting a child. They have a son, but dies shortly after his birth. Panaeva leaves for treatment abroad. Nekrasov is very much languishing in separation, writes tender letters to Avdotya, and suffers terribly from the indifferent answers received from her. She returns and the idyll returns with her. But she was short-lived.
Nekrasov again has flashes of violent jealousy and cold alienation, which are replaced by crushing passion. Overwhelmed by these attacks, he could greatly offend Avdotya, even in the presence of strangers. She suffered a lot, but endured. He often runs away from her, but comes back again. His soul does not find peace from love, and with this love he torments Panaeva ... She is very tired of life. Her husband, Ivan Panaev, died. Before his death, he asked for forgiveness for the torment and betrayal brought to her. There was no family, no children, beauty had already begun to fade. Nekrasov lived abroad and did not call her to him. Fifteen years of love for him ended. She finds the strength to forget him and marries the literary critic Golovachev. Soon their daughter is born.
♦ After many years with Panaeva, Nekrasov meets with a windy Frenchwoman Selina Lefren. Having squandered a fair part of the state of Nikolai Alekseevich, she left for Paris. Little is written about the French actress Celine Lefren-Potcher and her romance with the Russian poet, probably due to the fact that this connection did not leave any significant traces in Nekrasov's work. Lefren was in her early thirties, she was not particularly beautiful, but she was charming, witty, light-hearted, sang, played the piano. They understood each other poorly with Nekrasov, since he did not speak French, she only spoke a little Russian. Lefren is often spoken of as a classic kept woman who used the favor of men to accumulate a small amount of capital and leave for her homeland. An affair with a Frenchwoman began in front of Avdotya Yakovlevna, deeply offended by the fact that Nekrasov did not hide anything and, moreover, reduced Panaeva to the role of a housekeeper. It is interesting that all the poet's relatives - his sisters, nieces, pupils singled out Panaeva from all Nekrasov's friends, saying that they "adored" her. Under Selina Lefren, the family way of life was still preserved at home, but she did not have such relations with the Nekrasov family as Panaeva had. Selina had a little son in Paris, in addition, she often complained about the bad St. Petersburg climate and, having left for Paris with Nekrasov in 1867, she never returned to Russia.
♦ He was 48 years old at that time, and very soon Nekrasov had the first and only legal wife - a commoner 19 years old Fekla Viktorova. The poet terribly disliked her name, and Thekla became Zina, Zinaida Nikolaevna. According to the poet's relatives, Zina looked like a well-fed and clean maid, was illiterate, went crazy from St. Petersburg shops, kissed Nekrasov's hands and memorized his poems. Very stubbornly and purposefully, she went to become Nekrasova, and at the age of 56, terminally ill with cancer, Nekrasov, who looked like a skeleton, married Zina, and six months later he passed away. According to the will, Zina got the Chudovskaya Luka estate and the property of the St. Petersburg apartment. According to rumors, she gave all this away to the poet's relatives, who then did not let her on the threshold and did not want to know. Fekla-Zina left for her homeland in Saratov, where she lived very closed and modestly until her death. The poet bequeathed the rights to his works to his sister Anna Alekseevna Butkevich.
And now what seemed to me more interesting than the facts about gambling and a complicated love line. It seems to me that the following characterizes Nekrasov as a person more than what was above. Judge for yourself. (I tried to compress the information, but this does not change the essence)
♦ Nikolai Alekseevich was also a gambling hunter. It was not just a hobby, but a real passion, which he gave himself with his head. His accuracy was legendary. It was rumored that Nekrasov from a double-barreled shotgun could hit a coin on the fly, and alone went to the bear. 
Nekrasov on the hunt
♦ He had a special love for hunting dogs. This love appeared in Nekrasov in early childhood, when at the age of thirteen or fourteen he and his father, an inveterate hunter, already chased and poisoned the beast and, happily tired, fell asleep right in the fields in an embrace with another Grab or Testament. Of course, as soon as he had the opportunity, and this happened already in the early 1850s, he immediately got not one, but several pointing dogs, a breed that was quite new and fashionable at that time. Up to ten dogs ran out to the reception room of the famous Sovremennik magazine to an unsuspecting visitor, practically unaware of the severity of the master's hand. 
Pointer dog
Headed this company Pointer Oscar, already elderly and spending most of his time on the owner's Turkish couch. Vasily Nekrasov's only lackey, who called Oscar a "capitalist" because he was sure that the owner would certainly put money in the bank in the name of the dog, as Nekrasov claimed every evening, walked them, or, as it was then called, "pulled them out" through the dull St. Petersburg streets. 
In the early fifties, Nekrasov got a black English pointer rappo, busty and somewhat short-legged, who completely, so to speak, sat on the neck of the poet, for he was impossibly lazy. He made him the subject of his obscure novel The Thin Man. Rappo left a mark not only in the novel, but also in Nekrasov's correspondence with Turgenev. 
I. S. Turgenev on the hunt
Soon Rappo died from gluttony, and at the end of June 1857 Nekrasov brought from England a very expensive puppy of a large-speckled pointer, named by him Nelka. Nelka gave Nekrasov a lot of trouble on the way, managed to jump out the train window and injure her paws. All the way, Nekrasov carried him out into the air in his arms, and in Dorpat he took him to a "cattle clinic." However, Nelka behaved well, which gave the owner a reason to write to Turgenev: "The dog has a nice character! It's impossible not to fall in love with it, it would be a pity if nothing comes of it..."
While the bitch was growing up and promising a lot, Nekrasov hunted with other dogs, including with pointer Fingal. Nekrasov could not always praise Fingalushka's intelligence and good character. But most importantly, the poet captured his favorite in the poem "On the Volga", and in everyone's favorite so far. "Peasant children":
Now it's time for us to return to the beginning.
Noticing. That the guys became bolder
"Hey, the thieves are coming!" I cried to Fingal.
Steal, steal! Well, hurry up!"
Fingalushka made a serious face,
I buried my belongings under the hay,
With special diligence he hid the game,
He lay down at my feet and growled angrily.
Extensive field of canine science
He was perfectly familiar;
He started doing things like this
That the audience could not leave the place ...
But like a blow thundered over the barn,
A rain river poured into the barn,
The actor burst into a deafening bark,
And the audience gave an arrow.
In the heavy rain, the children ran
Barefoot to their village...
Faithful Fingal and I waited out the storm
And they went out to look for great snipes.
But the unfaithful Fingal was destined to become the last and most passionate love of the poet. Eleven years later, having already become a popularly known and very rich man, he acquired another black pointer, which received the name Kado. Nekrasov not only loved, he adored his incomparable Kado, allowing him literally everything. At the famous dinners arranged for the employees of Otechestvennye Zapiski once a month, Kado was even allowed to jump on the table and walk around it, choosing a piece of treats from the guests' plates, and then lapping water from crystal jugs. Of course, everyone endured. Then he was served separately roasted partridge, which he calmly ate on an expensive Persian carpet or ruffled on a silk sofa upholstery. The tidy Goncharov was horrified and each time tried to notice exactly where these greasy spots remained, so as not to sit on them, alas, Kado ate everywhere and did what he wanted. It is curious that Kado never barked at the guests who came to Nekrasov, with the exception of only the censors and Saltykov-Shchedrin. Always gloomy and often overly rude, the satirist enjoyed the sincere dislike of the Pointer. And when the writer came to Nekrasov, in order to avoid an "incident" Kado was locked in another room. One day, Nekrasov had a meeting of the editorial board, at which Shchedrin was also present. Kado, in a hurry and through indiscretion, was forgotten to be locked up, and he, taking advantage of a happy opportunity, made his way into the hallway and, having found the satirist's overcoat there, gnawed off half the floor from her! As a result, Nekrasov had to buy the victim a new overcoat. 
But still, the unforgettable Kado was destined to put an end to the history of Nekrasov dogs. Already sick, the poet often went down to the printing house of his magazine and always walked with him. pointer Kiryushka. Nekrasov died, the dog was left useless and, according to old memory, ran to the printing house. She was sheltered there, fed, and soon the orphaned Kiryushka became so attached to the compositors that she went everywhere with them and died in the same printing house next to the printing press, which continues to print editions of the poet's main business. 
And finally
Nekrasov was a fairly wealthy man. He was distinguished by a practical approach to the affairs of Sovremennik, which turned out to be a financially successful project. In addition, Nekrasov had one wonderful feature - he was incredibly lucky at cards, he played a lot and won a lot. The poet was always generous towards his women. When I.I. Panaev invested money in Sovremennik, he did not formalize it in any way, but after his death Nekrasov paid all the money to Panaeva. He also helped financially and Lefren, and left her money in his will. They say that at the time of the beginning romance with Zina, Nekrasov went to Paris to Selina Lefren and lived there for 3-4 weeks, sincerely asking her to return. Also, almost simultaneously, he wrote to friends about longing for Panaeva. Be that as it may, Nekrasov had many novels, but Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva turned out to be worthy of his heritage and well known to everyone who loves the poet, “Nekrasov’s woman,” not his legal wife.
P.S. It's a pity, I can’t indicate in which photo which of Nekrasov’s dogs ...
He was born on December 10, 1821;
Late myth
The childhood years of the poet passed in the heavy atmosphere of the family estate of his father, the landowner Alexei Nekrasov, a retired lieutenant, hunter, gambler and despot. The neglected family affairs - litigation and debts - forced the father to take the place of the police chief, often during the trips, the father took Nikolai with him, who became an unwitting witness to his father's reprisals against the peasants, these pictures of national grief were forever deposited in the boy's soul. The direct opposite of his father was the mother of the future poet, E.A. Zakrevskaya is a well-educated and finely educated woman. Nikolai did not love and hated his father, while he passionately adored his mother. Tender memories of her and her love he carried through his whole life. Her image echoed in many of his future poems and poems. However, the cult of the mother is a careful myth, brought up by Nekrasov already in his mature years. It is worth mentioning only one fact: the adoring son did not appear at the mother’s funeral, while the despot father wept bitterly.
At the age of 11, Nekrasov entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium, where he stayed until the 5th grade. Nekrasov studied poorly, even very poorly. He skipped classes, ran away from lessons, did not like tediousness and cramming. In addition, he chronically did not develop relations with the leadership of the gymnasium, which drove him for writing satirical poems. In the gymnasium, he began to write down his first poems, in which the sad impressions of his early years were traced - the suffering of his mother, the rudeness of his father, and so on, which required indispensable expression.
Father's wrath
Father dreamed of military career for his son, but Nikolai did not live up to expectations. He goes against his father's will, actually fleeing to St. Petersburg, where instead of a noble regiment he becomes a volunteer of the Faculty of Philology, which incurs the cruel wrath of his father, who threatens to deprive him of his inheritance. However, Nicholas does not give up. Having lost financial support, the young writer Nekrasov is forced to do any work in order to feed himself. He literally endures the most severe need - he is starving, sleeping in bunkhouses, he does not have a permanent income.
Debut. "Dreams and Sounds"
In 1840, on his own savings, with the support of friends, Nekrasov, hiding behind the initials N.N. publishes a book of his own poems called "Dreams and Sounds" - frankly imitative, immature romantic ballads. Nekrasov showed the upcoming book to V.A. Zhukovsky, who singled out only two decent poems among the entire corpus, advising the author to hide behind a pseudonym. The main critic of that era, V. G. Belinsky, smashed his debut collection. The book was not successful and did not sell out at all. Like Gogol, whose debut was also a failure, Nekrasov bought up many copies of the published book and destroyed them.
Editor and publisher
If the poetic debut turned out to be a failure, then Nekrasov turned out to be a "successful" in the publishing business - two collections published by him are a resounding success: "Physiology of Petersburg" and "Petersburg Collection". In 1848, together with I.I. Panaev, he bought out the unprofitable Sovremennik, which became a progressive and fashionable publication. Belinsky, Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov are published in it, and Turgenev, Goncharov, Herzen, Alexander Ostrovsky also find their fame on the pages of the magazine. F.M. Dostoevsky and L.N. Tolstoy were introduced into literature by Nekrasov, who was also the main and regular contributor to the journal.
After the closure of Sovremennik, in 1866, Nekrasov rented the Notes of the Fatherland, which became the main platform for populism, which was in full swing at that time. However, not everything was smooth here. As an entrepreneur, Nekrasov was not very picky, and, according to many, he was greedy and cruel and often underpaid his employees, taking advantage of their disposition and gullibility.
The hereditary passions of the Nekrasov family were card games and hunting. All the Nekrasovs played wide and lost. Nikolai is the first to change fate. He didn't lose. He played big, the bill went to hundreds of thousands of rubles - so he managed to return his family estate Greshchnevo.
Hunting is Nekrasov's second passion. He went on a bear, loved hunting for game, went "in the field" with the writer Ivan Turgenev, with whom he was friends long years. The poem "Hound Hunting" is a direct dedication to this occupation. And the images of male hunters are forever imprinted in his poems and poems (Savushka "In the Village", Savely "Who Lives Well in Rus'"). Connected with snipe hunting tragic case the death of two ofen from the poem "Pedlars", the case is genuine. The hobby came to an end when his “late muse” Z.N. Nekrasova accidentally shot his beloved pointer dog named Kado while hunting.
Personal life
It should be noted that in personal life Nekrasov was by no means a puritan - he played a lot and big, spent money on mistresses and food, and loved the company of superiors. All this is not at all in harmony with the humane nature of his poetry. The most famous novel of his biography is the connection with A. Panaeva, to which his best lyrical lines are dedicated. They lived in a civil union, which caused constant gossip and talk, in addition, Nekrasov suffered from bouts of "black melancholy", severe depression, which turned the life of his household into a branch of hell.
This connection brought both more suffering than joy. After breaking up with Panaeva, Nekrasov cohabited with mistresses until a few years before his death he married a girl of peasant origin, who became his late muse.
We are all familiar with biographical and bibliographic data. famous writers and poets from anthologies, but many interesting facts remain unnoticed in them, for example, about the life of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Only the study of the memoirs of contemporaries and scientific long-term works of researchers of the poet's work opens the veil of secrecy to us - various hidden and interesting facts about Nekrasov.
You will be surprised how many unusual situations happened in the fate of the great poet and prose writer, who was able to answer the question “Who is living well in Rus'?”.
While studying at the gymnasium, the future poet did not please his parents good grades, refused to learn history, various rules, physical laws, geometric axioms. It so happened that the curator of the class in which Nekrasov studied did not educate the children, so the students happily skipped classes and never did homework. It was during this period that Nikolai Nekrasov became the ringleader and soul of the company.
Nekrasov's childhood passed among peasant children, once in the gymnasium, the future poet told his peers numerous stories about the life of peasants, local horror stories and tales, knew ditties, folk songs and fairy tales. My schoolboy friends were left to envy such a cheerful childhood, because from the age of five they had to cram serious books.
An interesting fact about Nekrasov is his failure after the publication of the first collection. Not only did no one like the cycle of poems, but also caused numerous criticism. But this did not affect Nekrasov in any way, he wrote several more bad collections and once nevertheless made an indelible impression on critics with his poetic abilities.
An interesting fact from the biography of Nekrasov is his passion for gambling, which appeared in his youth. The poet considered himself a professional, easily beat his rivals. But one day Aanasiev-Chuzhbinsky, famous among the domestic elite for his long and well-groomed nails, came to visit the poet. Surprisingly, he defeated Nekrasov. The poet naturally considered this an accident, ordered to raise the stakes and lost again. This went on all evening, Nekrasov lost a significant amount. It turned out that the opponent marked the cards with a sharp fingernail, upset, the poet decided never to play with those with long nails again.
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- The writer was left without the financial support of his father due to the fact that instead of a military school he chose a literary field. Then Nekrasov began to study the art of playing cards and, as a result, he was able to win his entire fortune in this way.
- Nekrasov always believed in omens before gambling. A well-known belief that before the card game, you can not give anyone a debt. One interesting fact from the life of Nekrasov is connected with this. Once a friend of the poet asked to help him out with a certain amount, otherwise he would shoot himself, Nekrasov refused, and the friend actually shot himself. It turned out that a friend owed a thousand rubles and a prison was waiting for him, but he could not go to such a humiliation, so he turned to Nekrasov. great poet was stunned by the situation and blamed himself for the rest of his life.
Interesting Facts from the life of Nekrasov
- The poet was a master at the card game, because he developed his own code (before the game, look your opponent in the eyes, play only with money set aside specifically for this, if you are not lucky in this game, go to another).
- Nekrasov considered the proverb "who is unlucky in cards, lucky in love" absurd. He was lucky in cards and lucky in love, despite his unattractive appearance. In addition, the poet admitted that from his youth he turned to the services of prostitutes.
- He lived with his wife for 15 years, and then fell in love with the Frenchwoman Lefrem. And in his old age, the poet met the 19-year-old Thekla, with whom he lived until the end of his days.
- After the closure of Sovremennik, Nekrasov drank a lot, developed rectal cancer - from which he died.
