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In the 1950s, Muynak received the status of an urban-type settlement. In 1963, Muynak was given the status of a city. Was one of largest cities on the shore of the Aral Sea.
In the 1960s, the construction of reclamation canals from the Amu Darya for irrigation of cotton began, less water began to flow into the Aral Sea, it began to shallow. In the 1980s, in order not to close the fish cannery in Muynak, frozen fish was brought here from Russia. In the early 1990s, the fish cannery was closed, unemployment began, residents began to leave their homes and leave for Nukus, Kungrad and other cities. The frequency of occurrence of dust-salt storms, diseases of the population (eye diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin diseases) has become more frequent. The groundwater level dropped, and the process of desertification of the area accelerated. The remaining springs are not suitable for drinking due to the high content of pesticides (which were washed away from the cotton fields into the Amu Darya). The port has turned into a graveyard of ships.
As of 2011, from Muynak about 100 km to the western (deep) part of the South Aral Sea and about 180 km to the eastern (shallow) part. The eastern part of the sea (due to relatively shallow depths) retreated most rapidly from Muynak: back in the mid-1990s, it was at a distance of 45 km from the city, and in the early 2000s, at a distance of 100 km.
In 2008, Petro Alliance carried out exploration work to search for oil and gas at former day the Aral Sea; the result was positive. Gas is here High Quality, with a minimum content of hydrogen sulfide.
On January 20-21, 2017, Shavkat Mirziyoyev launched the laying of the Kungrad-Muynak water supply network. The construction of the facility worth 26.6 billion soums and a length of 101 km was carried out for five months. More than 25 thousand people are now provided with clean drinking water. The Muynak-Uchsay water pipeline will be extended by 1.51 km.
Since the mid-2000s, the city began to attract tourists from all over the world. The flow of tourists to Muynak increased dramatically after 2016.
Currently, Muynak is an important transit point for tourists and scientists who are going to visit and study remote areas of the dry parts of the Aral Sea. Also, it is through Muynak on SUVs that tourists get to the rather changeable shores of the Aral Sea, which moved away from Muynak for several tens of kilometers to the north and east.
Population and languages
As in the rest of Karakalpakstan, Uzbek and Karakalpak languages have official status in Muynak. The Russian language actually has the status of a language of international communication. English is also widely spoken among tourism and service workers in the city due to the popularity of the city among foreign tourists.
As of January 1, 2018, the population of Muynak was 13 thousand 500 people. Unlike most cities in Uzbekistan, Muynak has a stable trend of population decline. The bulk of the population of the city are Karakalpaks. Also, quite large diasporas of Uzbeks and Kazakhs live in the city. From national minorities there are also
Mo'ynoq 43°46′ N. sh. 59°02′ E d. HGIOIn the 1960s, the construction of reclamation canals from the Amu Darya for irrigation of cotton began, less water began to flow into the Aral Sea, it began to shallow. In the 1980s, in order not to close the fish cannery in Muynak, frozen fish was brought here from Russia. In the early 1990s, the fish cannery was closed, unemployment began, residents began to leave their homes and leave for Nukus, Kungrad and other cities. The frequency of occurrence of dust-salt storms, diseases of the population (eye diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin diseases) has become more frequent. The groundwater level dropped, and the process of desertification of the area accelerated. The remaining springs are not suitable for drinking due to the high content of pesticides (which were washed away from the cotton fields into the Amu Darya). The port has turned into a graveyard of ships.
As of 2011, from Muynak about 100 km to the western (deep) part of the South Aral Sea and about 180 km to the eastern (shallow) part. The eastern part of the sea (due to relatively shallow depths) retreated most rapidly from Muynak: back in the mid-1990s, it was at a distance of 45 km from the city, and in the early 2000s, at a distance of 100 km.
In 2008, Petro Alliance carried out exploration work to search for oil and gas on the former bottom of the Aral Sea; the result was positive. The gas here is of high quality, with a minimum content of hydrogen sulfide.
On January 20-21, 2017, Shavkat Mirziyoyev launched the laying of the Kungrad-Muynak water supply network. The construction of the facility worth 26.6 billion soums and a length of 101 km was carried out for five months. More than 25 thousand people are now provided with clean drinking water. The Muynak-Uchsay water pipeline will be extended by 1.51 km.
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In the 1960s, the construction of reclamation canals from the Amu Darya for irrigation of cotton began, less water began to flow into the Aral Sea, it began to shallow. In the 1980s, in order not to close the fish cannery in Muynak, frozen fish was brought here from Russia. In the early 1990s, the fish cannery was closed, unemployment began, residents began to leave their homes and leave for Nukus, Kungrad and other cities. The frequency of occurrence of dust-salt storms, diseases of the population (eye diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin diseases) has become more frequent. The groundwater level dropped, and the process of desertification of the area accelerated. The remaining springs are not suitable for drinking due to the high content of pesticides (which were washed away from the cotton fields into the Amu Darya). The port has turned into a graveyard of ships.
As of 2011, from Muynak about 100 km to the western (deep) part of the South Aral Sea and about 180 km to the eastern (shallow) part. The eastern part of the sea (due to relatively shallow depths) retreated most rapidly from Muynak: back in the mid-1990s, it was at a distance of 45 km from the city, and in the early 2000s, at a distance of 100 km.
In 2008, Petro Alliance carried out exploration work to search for oil and gas on the former bottom of the Aral Sea; the result was positive. The gas here is of high quality, with a minimum content of hydrogen sulfide.
Moynaq Boats.jpg
ship graveyard
Moynaq Memorial.jpg
Monument erected on the former seashore
Moynaq Placard.jpg
Artifact of the Past: Fisherman Poster
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Notes
Links
- (article about the city of Muynak)
- (photo album of Muynak surroundings, April 2010)
- A. Paevsky.// "Trinity option" No. 54, p. 9 (2010)
- Muynak- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
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An excerpt characterizing Muynak
And suddenly, behind the same temple, a fire broke out... Blinding sparks soared to the very tops of the trees, staining the dark night clouds with a bloody light. The enraptured guests gasped in unison, approving the beauty of what was happening... But none of them knew that, according to the queen's intention, this raging fire expressed all the power of her love... And only one person who was present at that evening understood the true meaning of this symbol. holiday...Excited, Axel leaned against the tree and closed his eyes. He still couldn't believe that all this stunning beauty was meant for him.
Are you satisfied, my friend? whispered a soft voice behind him.
- I'm delighted ... - Axel answered and turned around: it was, of course, she.
Only for a moment they looked at each other with rapture, then the queen gently squeezed Axel's hand and disappeared into the night...
Why has he always been so miserable in all his "lives"? - Stella was still sad for our “poor boy”.
To be honest, I haven't seen any "unhappiness" yet, so I looked at her sad face in surprise. But for some reason, the little girl stubbornly refused to explain anything further ...
The picture has changed dramatically.
A luxurious, very large green carriage was rushing along the dark night road with might and main. Axel sat in the coachman's seat and, rather skillfully driving this huge carriage, looked back and looked around with obvious anxiety from time to time. It seemed that he was in a wild hurry somewhere or was running away from someone ...
Inside the carriage sat the already familiar king and queen, and another pretty girl about eight years old, as well as two ladies still unknown to us. Everyone looked gloomy and agitated, and even the baby was quiet, as if she felt the general mood of adults. The king was dressed surprisingly modestly - in a simple gray frock coat, with the same gray round hat on his head, and the queen hid her face under a veil, and it was clear that she was clearly afraid of something. Again, this whole scene was very much like an escape ...
Just in case, I looked again in Stella's direction, hoping for an explanation, but no explanation followed - the little girl was very intently watching what was happening, and in her huge puppet eyes there was a deep sadness that was not childish at all.
– Well, why?.. Why didn’t they listen to him?!.. It was so simple!.. – she was suddenly indignant.
The carriage rushed all this time at almost insane speed. The passengers looked tired and somehow lost... Finally, they drove into some large unlit courtyard, with a black shadow of a stone building in the middle, and the carriage stopped abruptly. The place looked like an inn or a large farm.
Axel jumped down to the ground and, approaching the window, was about to say something, when suddenly an authoritative male voice was heard from inside the carriage:
“Here we will say goodbye, Count. It is unworthy of me to endanger you further.
Axel, of course, who did not dare to object to the king, only had time, in parting, to briefly touch the queen's hand ... The carriage jerked ... and literally a second later disappeared into the darkness. And he was left standing alone in the middle of the dark road, wishing with all his heart to rush after them... Axel "inside" felt that he could not, had no right to leave everything to the mercy of fate! He just knew that without him, something would definitely go awry, and everything that he had organized so carefully and for so long would completely fail due to some ridiculous accident ...
The carriage had not been seen for a long time, and poor Axel was still standing and looking after them, clenching his fists with all his might in hopelessness. Angry masculine tears rolled sparingly down his deathly-pale face...
– This is the end already... I know, this is the end already... – he said quietly.
“Will something happen to them?” Why are they running away? – not understanding what is happening, I asked.
- Oh, yes! .. Very bad people will catch them now and put them in jail ... even a boy.
My scientific work
THE PLAN FOR RESTORATION OF THE ARAL SEA HAS BEEN.
I had the most original plan for the restoration of the Aral Sea back in the late eighties, when I independently arrived in the city of Aralsk for the International Symposium on the Aral Sea. I was not allowed to speak with my plan, they asked me in advance who I was? I did not have a title then and now, but then I already had hundreds scientific papers! Now specifically: All problems that arise, say, in ecology, terrorism and all other problems, you need to establish the cause and first you need to eliminate the cause, and then additional actions, the same thing in medicine, you need to remove the cause from the beginning. The reason for the disappearance of the Aral Sea was very clear and obvious and there was no dispute on this topic, that is, almost all the food of the sea was taken away for irrigation of fields, especially in the form of huge irrigation canals, from which more than half of the water soaked into the ground and evaporated. Here it was necessary to start with this: My plan was as follows: In all regions of the Turkmen SSR and the Uzbek SSR, where the waters of the Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya rivers were used, to drill water wells not only for irrigation, but also for drinking. To extract water by wells not only where necessary, but also tens of kilometers away and send it through pipes where necessary. gradually getting rid of the need to use rivers, and where necessary and far from irrigation sites, deliver this water through the pipeline in the required amount, and not let the water through huge channels. Then the main part of the canal waters is returned to the rivers. Further, the second option: Throughout the basin of the two main rivers, drill wells for groundwater, especially where settlements to provide the population with high-quality water, and send the surplus to the rivers. The most important thing is to drill wells where there could be groundwater throughout the basin of the two main rivers, so long as this water from the wells goes down into the rivers to compensate for the water used for irrigation. My third method was: To deepen the channels of the Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya rivers several hundred kilometers from the mouth above, that is, deepening the river bed by the same amount would reduce their width and thereby less water would be lost from evaporation and absorption into the ground. And even I understand the rivers near the sea, it was possible to concrete the sides of the channel quietly in parts. And the most important and important part of my proposal or plan: The main cause - the disease lies in the Amu Darya River - from it the bulk of the water is withdrawn to the Karakum Canal and a large mass of water from the river is lost in the area between Sarybay and Lebar, Danisher. In large expanses here, the river spills over all sorts of collectors, lakes and other swamps where its bulk is lost to evaporation and goes into the ground. To do this, it is necessary to dig the riverbed to a depth, although deepening it by 3-5 meters more than now, and although it is 300 kilometers from Lebap, Danisher towards the mouth, and it is desirable to straighten the riverbed, where it is of little cost. And in the end, you can simply straighten the channels of the Syr-Darya and Amu-Darya rivers from their mouths and 300 km to the top. This will reduce the length of the rivers by 500-700 km! And this will increase the flow of water into the sea by two to three times, due to its losses to evaporation, loss to the ground and bottling. Dig a straight channel following the example: the Ural-Caspian Canal, which from former city Aralsk and to the Caspian Sea. So how can it be better than my plan? So what else do you need? Invest in projects and do it! I want to add important considerations: Replenishing the Aral Sea with sea water, which is the water of the Caspian Sea, is categorically unacceptable - Doing such salty water will constantly add salt to the Aral Sea and when it is full, the Aral Sea will turn into a huge Dead Sea. Because the salts of the Caspian are not going anywhere. The salinity of the Caspian is slightly lower than the oceanic and only in its northern part from the mouth of the Volga and the Urals is fresh. And if then they had allowed me to express my plans and implemented my proposals soon, then by now the Aral Sea would almost have been restored. Yes, and it's not too late. These are the only possible options and three republics can be done together: Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. And if you ask for international environmental organizations, that might help too. My scientific work was written in the late eighties of the XX century. If you succeed in implementing your plan, I think you will reward me according to your considerations and capabilities. My address: [email protected] Type on Google Zarbaidovich and you will see my sites with many of my scientific works. I publish on this my site in the first 2011. Abaev Solomon Zarbaidovich.
In ancient times, in the Turkic tribes, the name Muynak was given to a child with a wish for vitality and unpretentiousness. All the more surprising is how a small Uzbek city approached given name: this is perhaps the most unpretentious and tenacious of all the towns of Uzbekistan that we managed to visit.
The dawn of Muynak does not fall in the middle of the last century - in the 1950s, a huge fish processing plant on the shore of the Aral Sea supplied the whole Soviet Union. Water in the sea came from the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers. The waters of the latter made their way almost two and a half thousand kilometers from the foothills of Tajikistan through the arid lands of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. When reaching the riverbed, the river lost a significant part of the water - it went into the ground and was sorted out for irrigation. But this was not enough for the leaders of the country, and in 1950 the construction of the Karakum Canal began. The canal passing through the territory of almost all of Turkmenistan gave a huge impetus to the development Agriculture in particular to irrigate cotton fields. Alas, the consequences of the construction of such a canal were not properly taken into account, and as a result, it began to take 45% of the waters of the Amu Darya River.
Archive photos port of Muynak
An interesting fact is that the waters taken by Uzbekistan for irrigation still returned back to the Amu Darya basin and reached the Aral Sea: Uzbekistan is located above the level of the World Ocean, and this allowed the waters to flow back. After the construction of the Karakum Canal, water began to be diverted from the Aral Sea for the first time and eventually flow into the Caspian Sea, which is located lower than the Aral Sea in height relative to the World Ocean.
Archival photographs of the Muynak fish cannery
Changes in the coastline of the Aral Sea over 20 years (1989-2009)
As a result, once one of the largest lakes in the world dried up rapidly, leaving salts and various fertilizers from runoff on the surface. Wind-blown fertilizers have caused chronic diseases among the local population. A new desert is being formed on a large part of the Aral Sea, it has already been given the name - Aralkum. The fishing industry was closed, although they tried to save the plant by a rather extravagant method: they brought fish from Russia. The Aral Sea retreated from Muynak, leaving only fishing trawlers and boats rotting in the sun as a memory of itself.
Muynak is now a city covered by the sands of the Aralkum with a population of about 18 thousand people.
He, despite widespread references as a ghost town, lives his unpretentious life, confirming the justice of his name.
