Characteristics of sounds. English sounds. Pronunciation of English sounds. Pronunciation of English sounds Sounds Reading letter combinations UI

Vowel . When pronouncing a long vowel sound [i:], the lips are tense and strongly rounded, but much less advanced than with a Russian sound y.

In a letter, a double O is transmitted by a letter combination, except in cases before the letter k. For example, soon- soon, soon moon- moon

Exception:book- book (short and).

Vowel sound [and]. When pronouncing the short vowel sound [and], the lips are noticeably rounded, but not pushed forward, the tongue is pulled back, but somewhat less than for [and:] (and long). The sound resembles an unstressed Russian sound y in words empty, dull pronounced without moving the lips forward.

For example, hook - hook, look - sight

Remember the words in which [and] are pronounced as an exception: put - put pull - pull push - push full - full

%" Exercise A

pool (pool) - pull (pull) tool (tool) - full (full) too - took tooth - hook

food - cook boot - look fool - full

Exercise B

fool - pool - hook fool - too - book cook - boot - loop foot - cool - mood shook - soon - boot spoon - moon - foot

Sounds [e:], [o],

Vowel[o:] is a long vowel. In order to correctly pronounce a sound, one should give the organs of speech a position, as when pronouncing a sound A, then significantly round the lips and push them forward a little.

Vowel sound [o]. In order to pronounce the sound [o], one should proceed from the position of the organs of speech when pronouncing the sound [a:], then slightly round the lips and pronounce a short sound [o].

Vowel[oi]. The beginning of the sound is a cross between the Russian sounds o and e. The lips, when pronouncing the beginning of this diphthong, are slightly stretched and rounded. Gliding occurs in the direction of the vowel [and].

Exercise A

more - score - poor floor - for - form fork - pork - sport dawn - hawk - because

Exercise B

not-top-hot Rostov-on-Don dot-mop-mob

Exercise C

tone - note - smoke cone - loan - moan code - hope - cope lobe - mould - gold boat - soap - coat

Sounds [yu], ,

Diphthong[Yu]. The core of the sound is the vowel [i], and the sliding occurs in the direction of the neutral vowel, which has a shade of the sound [l].

Diphthong. The core of the diphthong is a vowel sound similar to the Russian sound a in the word tea. Gliding occurs in the direction of the sound and, however, its formation is not fully achieved, as a result of which only the beginning of the sound and is heard.

Exercise A

year - hear - ear here - near - fear tear - peer - beer rear - leer - mere

Exercise B

mile - pile - kite site - side - ride

height - light - fight might - right - tight pike - hike - hide

Exercise C

now - how - brown out - now - house louse - mouse - cows out - loud - without

sounds,

Consonant sound . There is no such sound in Russian. The sound is muffled. When pronouncing it, the tongue is flattened and relaxed, the tip of the tongue forms a narrow flat slit, loosely pressing against it. A jet of air passes through this gap with force. The tip of the tongue should not protrude far beyond the upper teeth or press too tightly against the lips. The teeth should be exposed, especially the lower ones, so that the lower lip does not touch or come close to the upper teeth.

Consonant sound . When pronouncing a sound, the organs of speech occupy the same burning position as when pronouncing a sound. Sound differs from sound only in sonority, that is, it is pronounced with a voice.

Exercise A

through - fifth - myth thief - tooth - thunder thank - think - thought theater - theory - theft

Exercise B

thermometer - thick -- thin thirst - thirty - thorough threat - three -booth threw - throat - thumb faith - hearth - path bath - booth - broth this - that - those there - though - these them - they - the

Sounds [w], [ 13]

Consonant . When pronouncing a consonant, the back of the tongue closes with the lowered soft palate, and air passes through the nasal cavity. In order to achieve the desired position of the organs of speech, one can inhale through the nose with the mouth wide open, then make sure that neither the tip of the tongue, nor its front and middle parts touch the palate.

Exercise A

what - why - where whip - wheat - while war - wharf - water wedding - wage - wait waitress - waist - waste weather - woman - wind wall - wallet - walk walnut - waltz - won

Exercise B

wing - king - being sing - nothing - something nothing - anything - ring

In an open syllable, the vowel O is pronounced like this (in modern dictionaries, this transcription is more common: [əu]). Here are examples of words with O in an open syllable: go - go, nose - nose, rope - rope, no - no, home - house.

If the vowel O is before the vowels Y and I, then such combinations OY, OI will be read as. Here are examples of words with such combinations: boil - boil (Fig. 2), voice - voice, noise - noise, boy - boy, toy - toy, Roy - Roy (male name).

If the vowel O is in combination with the letters W and U, then the pairs OW and OU are pronounced as. Here are examples of such words: how - like, cow - cow, down - down, town - city, now - now, mouse - mouse, house - house, count - account, cloud - cloud. If two vowels O are in front of the consonant letter K, then the combination OK is read as. If two vowels O are at the end of a word before any consonant letter except K and R, then such a combination is pronounced long sound. Here are examples of such words: book - book, look - look, took - took, hook - hook, tool - tool, pool - pool, moon - moon (Fig. 3), food - food, noon - noon.

However, there is one exception to this rule - this is the word good - good. If the vowel O is before the vowel A, then such a combination of OA is read as [əu]. Here are examples of words with the letter combination OA: road - road, boat - boat, soap - soap, goat - goat, coat - coat.

IN closed syllable the vowel U is pronounced as a short sound [ʌ]. Here are examples of words with U in a closed syllable: cup - cup, bus - bus (Fig. 4), drum - drum, nut - nut, but - but0

In an open syllable, the vowel U is pronounced as a long sound. Here are examples of words with U in an open syllable: use - use, music ["mjuːzɪk] - music, pupil ["pjuːpl] - student.

Bibliography

Afanas'eva O.V., Mikheeva I.V. English language. Grade 2 - M: Bustard, 2014.
Biboletova M.Z., Denisenko O.A., Trubaneva N.N. English language. Grade 2 - Title, 2008.
Bykova N.I., Dooley D., Pospelova M.D. etc. English language. Grade 2 - Enlightenment, 2013.

Homework

Learn how to read all the words from the video lesson correctly.
For each correctly learned reading of the vowels O and U, find two English example words.
Learn the words from the video lesson and the new words you find.

Internet portal Alleng.ru ().
Internet portal Alleng.ru ().
Internet portal Learnathome.ru ().

The slogan of which is: English sounds are not equal to Russian ones. To learn the correct pronunciation, we have developed a recipe: we take a “bunch” of similar sounds, compare them with each other and with their Russian counterparts. Then we practice pronunciation and literally “train” speech apparatus to the right position with the help of several dozen example words and tongue twisters.

A line from a famous song will help to consolidate the result, which will crash into the auditory memory and will not allow you to forget the sound!

Today we will take sounds similar to the Russian sound |u| is a long diphthongoid |uː|, short |ʊ| and the diphthong |ʊǝ|.

Long sound |uː| - round but not bulge

Pronounced in words goose, too, rule etc. This sound is very similar to ours, but there are two main differences:

1. English | uː | is a diphthongoid. That is, this is one sound, but we hear in it the “overtone” of the second sound (also | u |, but deeper), because the tongue and lips slightly change their position during pronunciation: the tongue moves back and up in the oral cavity. The lips are visibly rounded at the beginning and become even more rounded as the tongue moves.

Watch the host say the sample words from 0:27. If you listen and look closely, then this feature will be noticeable: the sound seems to go deeper, the lips narrow.

2. To pronounce English | uː | lips are rounded, but not protruding forward. To see the difference, compare the two pictures. At the first, Russian-speaking singer Keti Topuria pronounces the word « atI fly" in the song of the same name. In the second picture, the English-speaking presenter from the previous video says one of the example words.

Think you can see the difference? 🙂

As a bonus, I’ll tell you about one more important point: in combination | ju: |, which may remind you of the sounds of our letter "Yu"(as in the word « Yu la") - the preceding vowel is not softened! For example, in the words f ew, n ew, t une- we first pronounce a hard consonant and only then raise the middle back of the tongue to the hard palate for | ju: |.

Got it? Did you catch the differences? We begin to work out the correct position on a set of words.

through |θruː|

school |skuːl |

Now we complicate the task: we pronounce tongue twisters. Long sound | u: | highlighted in bold:

Asch oo l's men u u sually included u des safe oo ds ou p, n oo dles and st ew ed fr ui t. A u niversity's men u u sually included u des g oo se, c u cumbers, mushr oo ms and fr ui tj ui ce.
A c u teb eau ty sal oo n u naturally u ses perf u me, shampoo oo and t oo thpaste prod u ced in the US.
J u dy's r oo m has a b eau tyful vi ew of a p oo l, L u cy's r oo m has a b eau tyful vi ew of r u ins.

And "cherry on the cake" - the promised line from the song. For sound | u: | the chorus of "Here I Am" by Bryan Adams will do:

It's a n ew world, it's a n ew start
It's alive with the beating of young hearts
It's a n ew day it's a n ew plan
I've been waiting for y ou

From 0:41 to 1:02 minutes

Short sound |ʊ| - mix u, oh, s

Pronounced in words look, good, book and others. It also differs significantly from Russian | | at |. Firstly, the position of the tongue: it is not tense, pulled back, but not very far (in the Russian version, the tongue is pulled back further). The back of the tongue rises to the front of the soft palate not so high - up to half the distance.

The second important difference is the position of the lips: they don't round as much. In fact, the lips need to be rounded, as for our | o |, but the mouth is not open so wide. The lips hardly protrude.

Total: move your tongue forward and lower it slightly; do not stick out your lips; give the sound a touch of Russian|s|and only slightly rounded lips. To help the video from the wonderful Ronnie.

Let's start with words. Take the desired position of the mouth - and get to work!

women | ˈwʊmən|

sugar | ˈʃʊɡə r |

The next step - tongue twisters with sound | ʊ |.

A g oo dl oo king w o man c oo ks c oo kies with s u gar and g oo seberry from a g oo d c oo kb oo k.
G oo df u llers are g oo d at f u llingw oo l, g oo d c oo ks are g oo d at c oo king c oo kies, g oo db oo kmen are g oo d at f oo noting b oo ks. C ou ld g oo db oo ksellers be g oo d at b oo king b oo ks?
A c oo k's b oo kshelf is f u ll of c oo kb oo ks, A b oo kman's b oo kcase is f u ll of g oo db oo ks.

And the last one is the song. For this sound, I propose to dwell on the song of the singer La'Porsha Renae - "Good Woman".

You got a g oo d g oo d g oo d g oo d w o man (women)
You better get it together and act like you know that you do
Cuz I'm a real g oo d g oo d g oo d good w o man (women)
But even g oo d women go bad when they go through what you p u t me through

From 1:04 to 1:40 minutes

Sound |ʊǝ| What is a diphthong?

Pronounced in words pure,sec u rity, tour and etc . Let's start the conversation with what a diphthong is in principle. This is a combination of two vowels that are in one syllable. That is, when pronouncing this sound, the position of the speech apparatus is changing, but at the same time you pronounce these “two sounds” together, without dividing them into syllables (as you separate, for example, in the Russian word Poh T- Where "By" And "this"- two separate syllables).

Don't confuse diphthong and diphthong oid(like the long |u: | we talked about above). In diphthong idea“Overtone of the second sound” is similar in quality to the main sound, and in a diphthong, the two components of the sound are very different from each other.

In a diphthong, one part is a syllabic core (strong sound), and the second is a weak, muffled sound (I would say “echo of sound”).

In our today's diphthong | ʊǝ | syllable-forming element is the sound | ʊ | (we just learned how to pronounce it). The second, weak element is the sound of the "seam", which we talked about in. Only within this diphthong does it become even more faceless and unexpressed.

Let me remind you: the sound of the "seam" is an analogue of our post-shock | a | and | o | as in words cows A, risotto Oetc. This is a very relaxed sound that we pronounce without straining either the tongue or the lips at all.

I’ll make a reservation right away that this diphthong in English is not so frequent. Moreover, in some words in modern English it is replaced either by or simply by | ʊ | (especially in American English), or into 2 syllables: long sound | u: | + | ə |. Read more.

pure |pjʊə r |

during | ˈdjʊərɪŋ|

security |sɪˈkjʊərəti |

endure |ɪnˈdjʊə r |

furious | ˈfjʊəriəs|

furry | ˈfjʊəri |

impure |ɪmˈpjʊə r |

manicure | ˈmænɪkjʊə r |

neurons | njʊərɒn|

spurious | ˈspjʊəriəs|

Let's not skip the step with tongue twisters:

I'll s ure ly speak fl ue ntly after a t ou r to Eu rope.
The j u ry got f u rious and m ur ed the p oo rp u ritan.
The m oor s have always l ure d Sir C ur ie, but d u ring his t ou r to the m oo rsp oo r Sir C ur ie was cr ue lly removed from his b ureau for truth.

At the end, a song. I settled on "Pure Love" by Ronnie Milsap (word pure).

Pure love, baby it's pure love
Milk and honey and Captain Crunch and you in the morning
Pure love baby it's pure love
Ninety-nine and forty-four one hundred percent pure love

The lines we need come from the very beginning. And in general, listen to the whole song: cheerful motives in country style will cheer you up 🙂

Let's summarize: analogues of Russian |у|

Long sound | u: | unlike ours, it is diphthongoid (the speech apparatus slightly changes its position during pronunciation): the tongue moves back and up in the oral cavity. The lips are rounded at first and, as the tongue moves, they become even more rounded. But do not bulge forward!
Brief sound | ʊ | also very different from ours. First, the tongue must be moved forward and lowered slightly. Secondly, the rounding of the lips is more like a position for our | o |, but the mouth is not so wide open, the lips almost do not move forward. The sound needs to be given a “tint” of our | s |.
Diphthong | ʊǝ | is an indivisible combination of a strong syllabic sound | ʊ | and weak | ǝ |. In English, this sound is not so common.

We do not say goodbye!

We continue the countdown of parsed sounds in English. We were left with 22 sounds. So on this moment only 22 ahead - 3 = 19.

In the meantime, check out our pronunciation video to get you closer to saying goodbye to your accent once and for all:

Vowel . When pronouncing a long vowel sound [i:], the lips are tense and strongly rounded, but much less advanced than with a Russian sound y.

In a letter, a double O is transmitted by a letter combination, except in cases before the letter k. For example, soon- soon, soon moon- moon

Exception:book- book (short and).

For example, hook - hook, look - sight

Remember the words in which [and] are pronounced as an exception: put - put pull - pull push - push full - full

%" Exercise A

pool (pool) - pull (pull) tool (tool) - full (full) too - took tooth - hook

food - cook boot - look fool - full

Exercise B

fool - pool - hook fool - too - book cook - boot - loop foot - cool - mood shook - soon - boot spoon - moon - foot

Sounds [e:], [o],

Exercise A

more - score - poor floor - for - form fork - pork - sport dawn - hawk - because

Exercise B

not-top-hot Rostov-on-Don dot-mop-mob

Exercise C

tone - note - smoke cone - loan - moan code - hope - cope lobe - mould - gold boat - soap - coat

Sounds [yu], ,

Diphthong[Yu]. The core of the sound is the vowel [i], and the sliding occurs in the direction of the neutral vowel, which has a shade of the sound [l].

Exercise A

year - hear - ear here - near - fear tear - peer - beer rear - leer - mere

Exercise B

mile - pile - kite site - side - ride

height - light - fight might - right - tight pike - hike - hide

Exercise C

now - how - brown out - now - house louse - mouse - cows out - loud - without

sounds,

Exercise A

through - fifth - myth thief - tooth - thunder thank - think - thought theater - theory - theft

Exercise B

Sounds [w], [ 13]

Exercise A

what - why - where whip - wheat - while war - wharf - water wedding - wage - wait waitress - waist - waste weather - woman - wind wall - wallet - walk walnut - waltz - won

Exercise B

wing - king - being sing - nothing - something nothing - anything - ring