Full description
The article and tables present material that can be used:
1) for teaching reading;
2) to identify gaps in knowledge and skills;
3) to correct erroneous skills;
4) to develop the skill of determining the softness-hardness of consonants and the correct selection of vowels;
5) to master some of the rules of the Russian language (JI-SHI, CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU, etc.)
The article summarizes the practical experience of teaching reading and sound-letter analysis preschool teacher-psychologist Vorobieva N.F.
Comments on the use of tables:
1. Before using the tables, an adult should help the child learn all the vowels, structured as follows (read in columns):
Possible options:
option 1: B, C, G
option 2: D, D, W
option 3: Z, K, C
option 4: L, M, F
option 5: N, R, W
option 6: R, S, C
option 7: T, F, F
option 8: X, H, W
option 9: W, Y, C
3. It is desirable that the recognition and reading of fusion syllables be brought to automaticity.
4. Rarely occurring fusion syllables are in small print.
5. To fill gaps in learning to read or to correct inadequate skills, it may be sufficient to read only some of the tables relevant to the problem being solved. For example, a child tries to soften (pronounce softly) those consonants that always remain hard. It means that in this case, it is enough for the child to read the tables for the letters Zh, Sh, Ts.
6. The habit of reading hard and soft consonants in pairs (for example, TA-CHA, TO-CHO, TU-CHU, etc.) can help the child to make the correct choice of letters in the future and easily distinguish between soft and hard consonants when moving from sound to letter.
Table 1 (B).
Table 2 (B)
Table 3 (D)
Table 4 (E)
Table 5 (G)
Table 6 (Z)
Table 7 (J)
Table 8 (K)
Table 9 (L)
Table 10 (M)
Table 11 (H)
Table 12 (P)
Table 13 (P)
Table 14 (C)
Table 15 (T)
Table 16 (F)
Table 17 (X)
Table 18 (C)
Table 19 (H)
Trainer for beginners. Simple words.
The book is wonderful. But the kids do not want to strain and put the letters into words, it is much easier to look at the picture and guess from the very first letter what is written under the picture.
Therefore, I suggest you download these sheets. They have a lot of words and no explanatory pictures. Nothing will distract the kid from the reading process. And since there are only three letters in each word, it will not be very difficult to read them.
And how many of them - words consisting of three letters? There are more than a hundred such words on these leaves. So the child will have something to read.
New cards for practicing reading skills. This time in the selection there are words of 4 letters, but with one syllable.
That is, the words have only one vowel.
DAY, LOAD, TERM, OVEN, SEVEN, NIGHT and so on.
More than 100 words are collected on two sheets, consisting of 4 letters and 1 syllable.
When reading, the child must not only compose a word from letters, but also comprehend what he read. Ask your child to explain each new word.
We continue to improve our reading skills.
The next selection is already two-syllable words of 4 letters. On the first card there are words with the so-called "open syllable". They are easy to read. Ma-ma, ka-sha, no-bo, re-ka, puddle and similar words.
The second card is more difficult. The words on it contain both open syllables and closed ones. Ma-yak, ig-la, y-tyug, yacht-ta, o-village, el-ka and so on.
Each card has over fifty words. So the child will have to work hard until he reads all the words.
We read new words syllable by syllable. Words already consist of 5 letters. Wagon, baby, tu-man, mar-ka, re-dis, lamp-pa. And so on. If the child confidently reads these one hundred and fifty-plus words, you can assume that your baby LEARNED to read! Rather, he learned to put words out of letters.
Learning to read in syllables - this stage in teaching children to read is one of the most important and difficult. Often parents simply do not know how to teach a child to pronounce two letters together and get stuck on it for a long time. Tired of the endless repetition of "ME and A will be MA", the child quickly loses interest, and learning to read turns into torment for the whole family. As a result, children who already know letters from the age of two or three cannot even read simple words by the age of five, not to mention reading sentences and books.
What to do next when the child has memorized the letters? Let's make a reservation right away that teaching a preschooler to read syllables can be started even BEFORE he has mastered the entire alphabet (moreover, some teachers insist that you need to move on to syllables as quickly as possible, without waiting for all the letters to be studied). But those letters that we will combine into syllables, the child must name without hesitation.
In order to start learning to read by syllables, it is enough for a child to know 3-4 vowels and a few consonants. First of all, take those consonants that can be pulled (S, Z, L, M, N, V, F), this will help teach the child the continuous pronunciation of the syllable. And this is a fundamentally important point.
So, let's look at a few, in our opinion, the most effective methods, which modern teachers offer for teaching a child to fold letters into syllables.
1. We play "Engines"
(a game from the manual by E. Baranova, O. Razumovskaya "How to teach your child to read").
Instead of boring cramming, invite your child to "ride the train." All consonants are written on the rails along which our trailers will go, and vowels are written on the trailers themselves. We place the trailer on the rails so that a consonant appears in the window, and we name which station we got (for example, BA). Next, we move the trailer down the rails - to the next consonant and read the syllable that appears.
There is a similar guide in cards "Game" Steam locomotive. We read syllables. from E. Sataeva
This game is good because the child does not need to be specially explained how to add syllables. It is enough to say: “Now we will ride the letter A, she will be our passenger, name all the stations at which we will make a stop.” To begin with, “ride” yourself - let the child move the trailer along the rails, and you loudly and clearly call the “stations”: BA, VA, GA, YES, ZHA, ZA, etc. Then invite your child to take turns doing this with you. During the game, listening to you, children easily grasp how to pronounce two sounds together. For the third time, the child will “ride” himself without much difficulty.
If the child does not know all the letters, stop only at those “stations” that are familiar to him. Next, we change the wagon. Now we roll the letters O, U, S. If the child can easily cope with the task, we complicate the task. For example, we ride at speed - timing which of the wagons will reach the end of the path first. Or another option: stopping at the station, the child must name not only the syllable, but also the words starting with this syllable (BO - barrel, side, Borya; VO - wolf, air, eight; GO - city, golfs, guests; DO - rain, daughter, boards, etc.).
Please note that with this game you can practice reading not only open syllables(with a vowel at the end), but also closed (with a consonant at the end).
To do this, we take trailers where the vowels are written in front of the window, and act in the same way. Now we have a letter on the trailer not a passenger, but a driver, she is the main one, she is in front. First read the resulting “stations” with closed syllables yourself: AB, AB, AG, AD, AZH, AZ, etc., then offer the child a “ride”.
Remember that in this and other exercises, we first practice adding syllables with first-row vowels (A, O, E, Y, Y), and then we introduce second-row vowels (I, E, E, Yu, I) - the so-called "iotized" vowels, which make the sound that precedes them soft.
When the child is good at reading individual tracks with syllables, alternate trailers with passengers and drivers, without prompting which trailer we will ride. This will help the child learn to clearly see exactly where the vowel is in the syllable (the syllable begins with it or ends with it). At first, learning to read by syllables in a child may have difficulties with this.
2. "Run" from one letter to another
(from "ABC for kids" by O. Zhukova)This is a visual exercise that will help the child learn to pronounce two letters together.
Before us is a path from one letter to another. To overcome it, you need to pull the first letter until the finger that we are leading along the path reaches the second letter. The main thing we are working on in this exercise is that there is no pause between the first and second sound. In order to make it more interesting to study, replace your finger with a figure of any animal / little man - let him run along the path and connect two letters.
("ABC book for kids" by E. Bakhtina, "Russian alphabet" by O. Zhukova and others).
Many authors of primers and alphabets use animated images of letters that need to be folded into a syllable - they are friends, walk together in pairs, pull each other through obstacles. The main thing in such tasks, as in the previous exercise, is to name two letters together so that the two girlfriend letters stay together.
To use this technique, you do not even need special manuals or primers. Print out several figures of boys and girls (animals, fairy-tale or fictional characters), write a letter on each of them. Let consonants be written on the figures of boys, and vowels on the figures of girls. Make friends with the kids. Check with your child that boys and girls or two girls can be friends, but it is not possible to make friends with two boys (pronounce two consonants together). Change pairs, put girls first in them, and then boys.
Read the syllables first in one order, then in reverse.
These few tricks are quite enough to teach a child to put two letters into a syllable. And learning in the form of a game will allow you to avoid cramming and boring repetition of the same thing.
4. Games to consolidate the skill of adding letters
- Syllabic Lotto
It is very easy to make them yourself, for this you need to pick up a few pictures - 6 for each card and print the corresponding syllables.
- Help will help you “Syllables. Choose a picture according to the first syllable BA-, VA-, MA-, SA-, TA-. Educational lotto games. GEF DO "E. V. Vasilyeva- there are a few more tutorials in this series “Letters, syllables and words. Lotto with verification” by A. Anikushena
- Similar exercises are in the book. "Syllabic tables. GEF "N. Neshchaeva
- Shop game
Lay out toy goods or pictures with their images on the counter (for example, FISH-ba, DY-nya, PI-horns, BU-lka, YaB-loki, MYA-so). Prepare "money" - pieces of paper with the name of the first syllables of these words. A child can buy goods only for those “bills” on which the correct syllable is written.
Make an album with your child’s own hands, in which a syllable will be written on one page of the spread, and objects whose name begins with this syllable will be written on the other. Periodically review and supplement these albums. For more effective learning close one or the other half of the spread while reading (so that the child does not have extra clues when naming a syllable or choosing words for a particular syllable).
This will help you "Cards for sound and syllabic analysis of words."
- Game in the airfield (garages)
We write syllables large on sheets of paper, lay them out around the room. These will be different airfields (garages) in our game. The child takes a toy plane (car), and the adult commands - on which airfield (in which garage) you need to land the plane (park the car).
For this exercise, Zaitsev cubes or any cards with syllables are suitable (you can make them in the form of traces). We build a long path from them - from one end of the room to the other. Choose two figurines / toys. You play one, the child plays the other. Roll the dice - take turns with your figures on the cards for as many moves as fell on the dice. Stepping on each card, name the syllable written on it.
For this game, you can also use various "walkers" by writing syllables in circles on the playing field.
5. Reading simple words by syllables
Simultaneously with the development of syllables, we begin to read simple words(of three or four letters). For clarity, so that the child understands what parts the word consists of, which letters should be read together and which separately, we recommend that the first words be composed of cards with syllables / individual letters or graphically divide the word into parts.
Words of two syllables can be written on pictures consisting of two parts. Pictures are easier to understand (the child is more willing to read the words written on them than just columns of words), plus it is clearly visible into which parts a word can be broken down when reading it syllable by syllable.
Increase the difficulty gradually: start with words consisting of one syllable (UM, OH, EM, UZH, Hedgehog) or two identical syllables: MOM, UNCLE, DAD, NANNYA. Then proceed to reading the words of three letters (closed syllable + consonant): BAL, SON, LAK, BOK, HOUSE.
You need to understand that even if a child pronounces all the syllables in a word correctly, this does not mean that he will immediately be able to meaningfully put them into a word. Be patient. If a child has difficulty reading words of 3-4 letters, do not proceed to reading longer words and especially sentences.
Be prepared for the fact that the child will freely begin to read words only after he has automated the skill of adding letters into syllables. Until this happens, periodically return to working out syllables.
And, most importantly, remember that any learning should be a joy - for both parents and children!
Philologist, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher preschool education
Svetlana Zyryanova
These exercises can be offered to the child, starting from the second stage of learning to read. Tables and syllable chains can be used for a long time. At first, they will be a good help in overcoming the difficulties of merging a consonant with a vowel, help children quickly find and recognize letters.
With the help of tables and syllable chains (if you study them regularly), an adult will be able to instill in a child a steady tendency to carefully perceive the sound-letter composition of words, which will contribute to proper development reading and writing skills.
It is advisable to make tables in a larger size and hang them next to the table at which the child is preparing lessons. Of course, you can use the option that is presented on the site.
Types of exercises with syllabic tables:
1. Quick reading syllables horizontally and vertically.2. A child quickly finds a syllable that an adult has read.
3. "Tell me the end of the word." An adult pronounces a word without finishing the last syllable.
The child finds it in the table, shows and reads. Vocabulary material can be as follows:
4. "Find the mistake." An adult pronounces the word while simultaneously pointing to the cells in the table.
At the same time, one of the syllables does not show or adds an extra one (che - mo -? - we, che - re - pa - ta - ha).
| Exercise number 1 Syllabary table A-O-U-Y-I | Exercise number 2 Syllabary table E-E-I-Yu-b |
