Geography of the operation

193 partisan formations (over 120 thousand people) from Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions participated in the operation. The length of the operation along the front is about 900 kilometers (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and over 400 kilometers in depth. This operation was closely connected with the upcoming offensive. Soviet troops on the Smolensk and Gomel directions and the Battle of the Dnieper. Managed by the Central Headquarters partisan movement.

The purpose of the operation

Disabling large sections of railway tracks in order to disrupt enemy military transportation.

Operation preparation

Each partisan formation received a specific combat mission. Mass training of partisans in mine-subversive work was established. Due to deteriorating weather conditions, Soviet aviation delivered only 50 percent of the planned cargo to the partisans by September 19, so the start date of the operation was postponed to September 25.

Operation progress

Part partisan brigades reached the initial lines and on the night of September 19 struck at the railway communications. The bulk of the partisan formations fighting on the night of September 25th. The fascist command made efforts to restore traffic by rail: new railway restoration battalions were transferred to Belarus, and the local population was driven to repair work. Rails and sleepers were delivered from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, but the partisans again disabled the repaired sections. The operation was abandoned due to lack of explosives.

Operation results

During the operation, about 150 thousand rails were blown up. Only Belarusian partisans blew up about 90 thousand rails, 1041 echelons, blew up 72 railway bridges, defeated 58 garrisons. As a result of the actions of the partisans, the throughput railways decreased by 35-40 percent, which greatly hampered the regrouping fascist troops and provided great assistance to the advancing Soviet Army.

Literature

• Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Encyclopedia.- / Ch. ed. MM. Kozlov. -M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1985. -832 p. with illustration, 35 sheets. ill.
• Rail transport: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. N.S. Konarev. -M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. ISBN 5-85270-115-7

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Books

• Road to Berlin. "From victory to victory", Isaev Alexey Valerievich. Night of January 12, 1945. The Red Army is ready to launch a decisive offensive on the Vistula. The noise of engines in the last regroupings on the Sandomierz bridgehead is masked by loud music through ...

The scope of the partisan movement is evidenced by a number of major operations carried out jointly with the troops of the Red Army. One of them was called "Rail War". It was carried out in August-September 1943 on the territory of the RSFSR, Belorussian and part of the Ukrainian SSR occupied by the enemy in order to disable the railway communications of the Nazi troops. This operation was connected with the plans of the Headquarters to complete the defeat of the Nazis on the Kursk Bulge, conduct the Smolensk operation and the offensive with the aim of liberating the Left-Bank Ukraine. The TsSHPD also attracted Leningrad, Smolensk, and Oryol partisans to carry out the operation.

The order to conduct Operation Rail War was issued on June 14, 1943. The local partisan headquarters and their representatives at the fronts determined areas and objects of action for each partisan formation. The partisans were supplied with " big land»explosives, fuses, reconnaissance was actively carried out on the enemy's railway communications. The operation began on the night of August 3 and continued until mid-September. The fighting behind enemy lines unfolded on the ground with a length of about 1000 km along the front and 750 km in depth, about 100 thousand partisans participated in them with the active support of the local population.

A powerful blow to the railways in the territory occupied by the enemy turned out to be a complete surprise for him. For a long time, the Nazis could not resist the partisans in an organized manner. During Operation Rail War, more than 215,000 railway rails were blown up, many echelons with personnel and military equipment of the Nazis were derailed, and railway bridges and station buildings were blown up. The capacity of the railways decreased by 35-40%, which frustrated the Nazis' plans for the accumulation of materiel and the concentration of troops, and seriously hampered the regrouping of enemy forces.

The same goals, but already during the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk, Gomel directions and the battle for the Dnieper, was subordinated to the partisan operation, code-named "Concert". It was carried out on September 19 - November 1, 1943 on the territory of Belarus occupied by the Nazis, Karelia, in the Leningrad and Kalinin regions, on the territory of Latvia, Estonia, Crimea, covering about 900 km along the front and over 400 km in depth.

It was a planned continuation of the operation "Rail War", it was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and during the battle for the Dnieper. 193 partisan detachments (groups) from Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions (over 120 thousand people) were involved in the operation, which were supposed to undermine more than 272 thousand rails.

On the territory of Belarus, more than 90 thousand partisans participated in the operation; they were to blow up 140,000 rails. The Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement planned to throw 120 tons of explosives and other cargoes to the Belarusian partisans, 20 tons to the Kaliningrad and Leningrad partisans.

Due to the sharp deterioration in weather conditions, by the beginning of the operation, the partisans managed to transfer only about half of the planned amount of cargo, so it was decided to start mass sabotage on September 25. However, part of the detachments that had already reached their starting lines could not take into account the changes in the timing of the operation and on September 19 began to carry it out. On the night of September 25, simultaneous actions were carried out according to the plan of operation "Concert" on a front of about 900 km (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and in a depth of more than 400 km.

The local headquarters of the partisan movement and their representations at the fronts determined areas and objects of action for each partisan formation. The guerrillas were provided with explosives, fuses, mine-blasting classes were held at the “forest courses”, local “factories” mined tol from captured shells and bombs, and fasteners of tol blocks to the rails were made in workshops and forges. Exploration was actively carried out on the railways. The operation began on the night of August 3 and continued until mid-September. The actions unfolded on the ground with a length of about 1000 km along the front and 750 km in depth, about 100 thousand partisans, who were helped by the local population, took part in them. A powerful blow to the railway. lines was unexpected for the enemy, who for some time could not resist the partisans in an organized manner. During the operation, about 215 thousand rails were blown up, many echelons were derailed, railway bridges and station buildings were blown up. The massive disruption of enemy communications made it much more difficult to regroup the retreating enemy troops, complicate their supply, and thereby contributed to the successful offensive of the Red Army.

The task of the operation "Concert" was to disable large sections of railway lines in order to disrupt enemy transportation. The bulk of the partisan formations began hostilities on the night of September 25, 1943. During the operation "Concert" only Belarusian partisans blew up about 90 thousand rails, derailed 1041 enemy echelons, destroyed 72 railway bridges, defeated 58 invaders' garrisons. Operation "Concert" caused serious difficulties in the transportation of Nazi troops. The capacity of railways has decreased by more than three times. This made it very difficult for the Hitlerite command to carry out the maneuver of its forces and provided enormous assistance to the advancing troops of the Red Army.

It is impossible to list here all the partisan heroes whose contribution to the victory over the enemy was so tangible in the general struggle of the Soviet people over the Nazi invaders. During the war, remarkable command partisan cadres grew up - S.A. Kovpak, A.F. Fedorov, A.N. Saburov, V.A. Begma, N.N. Popudrenko and many others. In terms of its scale, political and military results, the nationwide struggle of the Soviet people in the territories occupied by the Nazi troops has acquired the importance of an important military-political factor in the defeat of fascism. The selfless activity of partisans and underground workers received nationwide recognition and high praise from the state. More than 300 thousand partisans and underground workers were awarded orders and medals, including over 127 thousand - the medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War" 1st and 2nd degrees, 248 were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Partisan operation "Concert"

The year 1943 went down in the history of partisan struggle as the year of massive strikes against the railway communications of the Nazi troops. The partisans actively participated in major operations on enemy communications - "Rail War" and "Concert". "Concert" is the code name of the operation carried out during the Great Patriotic War by Soviet partisans from September 19 to the end of October 1943.

The positive results of Operation Rail War gave grounds for the development of subsequent operations of a similar type. At the beginning of September 1943, the head (TSSHPD) at Headquarters Supreme High Command approved the Operation Plan for the destruction of the enemy's railway tracks (Operation "Concert"). Each partisan formation received a specific combat mission, which included blowing up rails, organizing the collapse of enemy military echelons, destroying road structures, disabling communications, water supply systems, etc. Detailed plans for combat operations were developed and mass training of partisans in the production of subversive work was organized.

Head of the Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command lieutenant general PC. Ponomarenko

The purpose of the operation is the mass decommissioning of large sections of railways in the rear eastern front fascist German troops from Karelia to the Crimea to impede the operational transportation of troops, military equipment and other materiel of the enemy. As a continuation of Operation Rail War, Operation Concert was carried out under the leadership of the TsSHPD and was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and during the battle for the Dnieper. 193 partisan formations from Belarus, the Baltic states, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad, Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol regions with a total number of 120,615 people were involved in the operation, which were supposed to undermine more than 272 thousand rails. On the territory of Belarus, about 92 thousand partisans participated in the operation; they were to blow up 140,000 rails. The central headquarters of the partisan movement planned to throw 120 tons of explosives and other cargoes to the Belarusian partisans, 20 tons to the Kalinin and Leningrad partisans.

Due to the sharp deterioration in weather conditions, by the beginning of the operation, the partisans managed to transfer only about half of the planned amount of cargo, so it was decided to start mass sabotage on September 25. However, part of the detachments that had already reached their starting lines could not take into account the changes in the timing of the operation and on the night of September 19, when the Red Army, liberating the Oryol, Smolensk regions and Left-Bank Ukraine, approached the Dnieper, began its implementation. Only the partisans of Belarus on the night of September 19 blew up 19,903 rails.

Partisans of the "People's Avenger" detachment of the Temkinsky district mine the railway track. Smolensk region. September 1943

Already at 6 o'clock in the morning of this date, the directorate of the German state railways in Minsk announced with alarm: “The situation is very tense! The activities of the partisans are unbearably increasing. All junction stations are overcrowded due to the impossibility of using the lines ... ".

The bulk of the partisan formations began hostilities on the night of September 25th. Having defeated the enemy's guards and having mastered the railway lines, they proceeded to massive destruction and mining of the railway track. Simultaneous actions were carried out according to the plan of operation "Concert" on a front of about 900 km (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and in a depth of over 400 km. Only on the territory of Belarus that night another 15,809 rails were blown up.

The fascist German command made desperate efforts to restore traffic on the railways. The Nazis hastily transferred new railway reconstruction battalions from Germany and even from the front line, and the local population was driven to repair work.

The guerrillas are preparing to mine the railway track

Railroad sabotage continued into October. In total, over 148,500 rails were blown up. At this operation "Concert" was actually terminated due to the lack of supplies of explosives. Despite the fact that the tasks of the operation were not fully completed, its results were significant. Roads located not only in the east of the occupied territory, as was the case in the “Rail War”, but also in the west of Belarus, in the Baltic states and Karelia were subjected to massive blows.

The results of the partisan operations on the massive undermining of the rails were very effective. Only in the course of the first two operations (“Rail War” and “Concert”) from July 22 to October 1943, partisans on the railways behind enemy lines blew up 363,262 rails, which corresponded to 2270 km of single-track railway track. Especially a lot of rails were destroyed in such sections as Luninets - Kalinkovichi (41,781), Pskov - Dno (23,887), Polotsk - Molodechno (21,243), Leningrad - Pskov (17,659), Mogilev - Zhlobin (15,074), Krichev - Unecha (12,204), Orsha - Minsk (7982), Bryansk - Unecha (7031). The Nazis tried to make up for the shortage of rails by altering double-track sections of the track to single-track, welding broken rails and even importing them from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Germany. However, the partisans again disabled the repaired sections. This further increased the tension in the work of the enemy's railway transport. According to Colonel A.I. Bryukhanov, head of the operational department of the Belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement, in August alone, 5,000 two-axle platforms and hundreds of locomotives were used for this purpose.

According to military experts, the actions of the partisans in the operations "Rail War" and "Concert" were more than 11 times more effective than all the raids of the German fascist aviation, which dropped more than 10 thousand air bombs on the railways in the Soviet rear in about the same period. .

Moreover, the result of partisan operations such as "Rail War" and "Concert" was not only a huge number of broken rails. They included a large complex of sabotage actions on all communications of the enemy - railway, road, water and air, reinforced by strikes on garrisons and other important objects in the enemy rear.

Simultaneously with undermining the rails, the partisans derailed trains, destroyed bridges, railway stations, disabled other elements of the track facilities. In the same period, as a result of the actions of Ukrainian and Moldovan partisans, hundreds of enemy military echelons collapsed. The capacity of the enemy's railways in the occupied territory of the USSR in September-October 1943, as a result of the partisans' actions, decreased significantly. According to some estimates, it decreased by 35-40%, which greatly hampered the regrouping of fascist troops and provided great assistance to the advancing Red Army.

In the end, the transfer of Wehrmacht units and formations by rail, as well as the delivery and evacuation, were significantly hampered. Operation "Concert" intensified the struggle of the Soviet people against Nazi German invaders in the occupied territory. During it, the influx of the local population into partisan formations increased.

Abstract on the topic:

Operation "Concert"

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Geography of the operation
• 2 Purpose of the operation
• 3 Operation preparation
• 4 Operation progress
• 5 Operation results
Literature

Introduction

Operation "Concert"- the code name of the operation of the Soviet partisans, carried out from September 19 to the end of October 1943, the continuation of the operation "Rail War".

1. Geography of the operation

193 partisan formations (over 120 thousand people) from Belarus, the Baltic states, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions participated in the operation. The length of the operation along the front is about 900 kilometers (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and over 400 kilometers in depth. This operation was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and the Battle of the Dnieper. The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement.

2. The purpose of the operation

Disabling large sections of railway tracks in order to disrupt enemy military transportation.

3. Preparation of the operation

Each partisan formation received a specific combat mission. Mass training of partisans in mine-subversive work was established. Due to the worsening weather conditions, by September 19, Soviet aviation delivered only 50 percent of the planned cargo to the partisans, so the start date of the operation was postponed to September 25.

4. Operation progress

Part of the partisan brigades reached their starting lines and, on the night of September 19, struck at the railway communications. The bulk of the partisan formations began hostilities on the night of September 25th. The fascist command made efforts to restore traffic by rail: new railway restoration battalions were transferred to Belarus, and the local population was driven to repair work. Rails and sleepers were delivered from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, but the partisans again disabled the repaired sections. The operation was abandoned due to lack of explosives.

5. Results of the operation

During the operation, about 150 thousand rails were blown up. Only Belarusian partisans blew up about 90 thousand rails, 1041 echelons, blew up 72 railway bridges, defeated 58 garrisons. As a result of the actions of the partisans, the capacity of the railways decreased by 35-40 percent, which greatly hampered the regrouping of the fascist troops and provided great assistance to the advancing Soviet army.

Literature

• Concert // Great Patriotic War 1941–1945: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. MM. Kozlov. - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 367. - 832 p.
• Rail war // Railway transport: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. N. S. Konarev. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. - S. 363. - ISBN 5-85270-115-7