Sinyavino is an urban-type settlement in the Kirovsky district of the Leningrad region of Russia. The administrative center and the only settlement of the Sinyavinsky urban settlement.
The village of Sinyavino was located on the Sinyavino Heights, known from early XVIII century, when by decree of Peter I these lands were "distributed for the settlement of Russian peasants" land: Alexei Senyavin and navy Lieutenant Sergei Senyavin. As the village of Vagriselka, it is mentioned on the maps of the St. Petersburg province of J. F. Schmit in 1770 and A. M. Wilbrecht in 1792. On the map of the St. Petersburg province of F. F. Schubert of 1834, it is mentioned as the village of Vagriselka, consisting of 51 peasant households, the Vagriselka manor of the landowner Dubyansky is indicated adjacent to it. In 1867, the St. Petersburg merchant V. N. Vlasov built and consecrated a wooden church on a stone foundation in the name of Archangel Michael. According to the data of the first census of the population of the Russian Empire: In the 19th - early 20th centuries, Sinyavino administratively belonged to the 1st camp of the Shlisselburg district of the St. Petersburg province. In the early 1920s, peat mining began in the Sinyavinsky swamps, at some distance from the village, 9 peat mining settlements were built. From 1917 to 1923, the village of Sinyavino was part of the Sinyavinsky village council of the Ivanovo volost of the Shlisselburg district. Since 1923, as part of the Oktyabrskaya volost of the Leningrad district. Since 1926, a district of the city of Shlisselburg. From February 1927, as part of the Mginsky volost, from August 1927, as part of the Mginsky district. On April 20, 1930, the settlements of peat miners were administratively merged into the working settlement of Sinyavino. According to 1933, the village of Sinyavino was the administrative center of the Sinyavinsky village council of the Mginsky district, which included 2 settlements: the village of Gontovaya Lipka and the village of Sinyavino, with a total population of 1714 people. According to the data of 1936, the Sinyavino village council with the administrative center in the working settlement of Sinyavino included 4 settlements, 108 households and 1 collective farm. During the Great Patriotic War, fierce battles took place in this area; Both the village and the village were completely destroyed. More than 360,000 people died during the battles on the Nevsky Piglet and the Sinyavinsky Heights. After the war, the village of Sinyavino was not restored, but the village was restored within more modest territorial boundaries. Since 1944, as part of the Sinyavinsky Soviet. Since 1960, as part of the Tosnensky district. Since 1963, the Sinyavinsky Council has been subordinate to the Tosno City Council. Since 1965, the Sinyavinsky Council has been subordinate to the Kirov City Council. According to the data of 1966 and 1973, the working settlement of Sinyavino was also subordinate to the Kirov City Council of the Tosnensky District. According to 1990 data, the village of Sinyavino was under the administrative control of the Kirovsky district.
By the way.
I have the honor to inform the Provincial Statistical Committee that the following areas are of historical interest in the county entrusted to me: popular name Shlyushin, consisting of its own city and fortress; ... 27 versts from the city of Shlisselburg, between the rivers Neva and Naziya and Lake Ladoga, among the marshes, is the village of Sinyavino, otherwise Vagriselka, near which there are traces of a fortification called Apraksin Gorodok, built by the Russians in 1702. Up to 35,000 of our troops stood here, which moved from here to conquer Ingermanland, starting with the capture of Shlisselburg.
SINYAVINO - OLD, LABOR, HEROIC
The village of Sinyavino, located on the Sinyavino Heights and destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, has been known since the beginning of the 18th century, when by decree of Peter I these lands were “distributed for the settlement of Russian peasants” to Alexei Senyavin and the Navy lieutenant Sergei Senyavin. Like a village Vagriselka, it is mentioned on the maps of the St. Petersburg province of J. F. Schmit of 1770 and A. M. Wilbrecht of 1792 .
By a strange irony of history, the birth of the Sinyavino peat extraction was associated with the Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war of the First World War. In 1914, near the ancient village of Sinyavino, an artel was created from prisoners of war, which harvested carved peat. The finished products were sent by horse-drawn transport to the chintz-printing factory of the joint-stock company in Shlisselburg.
After Lenin's decree of 1918 on the use of local peat, its extraction intensified in these places as well. In 1920, the Sinyavino peat enterprise was established. Subsequently, Kirov chose the site for the construction of the 8th hydroelectric power station (state power station) near the Sinyavino peat mines.
These developments were located in difficult swamps from the Sinyavino Heights in the south to a sand dune running parallel to the Staraya Ladoga Canal in the north and from the Neva River in the west to the Naziia River in the east. This "square" began to be intensively developed in 1928 as the main fuel base for Leningrad power plants and the hydroelectric power station under construction - 8. A huge amount of excavation work was to be done to develop peat deposits. For this purpose, workers' settlements were built. On the northern side, and on the sand dune, there were settlements Nos. 1,2,3, and 4. Under the Sinyavinsky heights - Nos. 6 and 7. On the outskirts of the swamp, two kilometers from the Naziia River, the 9th settlement was built.
All the settlements were connected with each other, with the stations of Sinyavino and Nevdubstroy and Shlisselburg by a narrow gauge railway.
Central village No. 5. It housed the management office of a peat enterprise, a repair plant, a transport depot, a school, a trade center, a cultural center, a hospital, and a stadium. In addition, the only pilot plant in the USSR for the manufacture of peat machines of the All-Union Institute of Peat Mechanization was located in the village. Its ruins have survived to this day. Settlement No. 8 was built 6 kilometers east of the 5th settlement on the sandy island of Medvezhiy, surrounded by swamps.
In the 1930s, the Sinyavino peat enterprise became one of the largest in the USSR. The import of recruited seasonal workers reached 6-7 thousand people or more per season. In 1930, the name of the enterprise passed to the settlements.
It was fate that it was here, on the peat fields, that the great battle for Leningrad. In September 1941 Nazi German troops captured Sinyavino and went to the shore of Lake Ladoga in the Shlisselburg-Lipki section, blocking the city from land. In September and October 1941 and August-October 1942, Soviet troops tried to break through the blockade in the Sinyavino area, but were unsuccessful, since the Nazis created a powerful fortified knot in the Sinyavino Heights area. In January 1943, the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts, after stubborn battles during Operation Iskra, broke the enemy defenses and on January 18 united in the area of workers' settlements No.
During the battles with the Germans, the village of Sinyavino and most of the workers' settlements were destroyed. Sinyavino-1 was formed on the site of the village No. 1, and Sinyavino-2 was formed on the site of the village No. 8. Now they are part of the same municipality Sinyavinskoe urban settlement.
Prepared Elena Loginova
(In preparing the article used
as well as the memoirs of Alexander Nikolaevich Vladimirov)
Yegor Efimovich Sechin recalls:
"IN post-war years the whole Sinyavino land was pitted with craters from shells. Before building houses, they uprooted the roots of trees, removed the shells left over from the war. Swamps were drained: ditches were dug almost by hand, pipes were laid. Earth was brought in on carts and funnels were covered.
The village was quickly built. The first Finnish houses were built on the streets of Krasnye Zor and Vostochnaya. And in the 50s, two-story log houses were built on Pobedy Street. Young trees, flowering shrubs were planted very actively, flower beds were broken, and the two-story houses had a beautiful picket fence. Strictly ensured that everywhere was clean and comfortable.
By the way.
I have the honor to report to the Provincial Statistical Committee that the following areas are of historical interest in the county entrusted to me: the county town of Shlisselburg (Klyuch city), popularly called Shlyushin, consisting of its own city and fortress; ... 27 versts from the city of Shlisselburg, between the rivers Neva and Naziya and Lake Ladoga, among the marshes, is the village of Sinyavino, otherwise Vagriselka, near which there are traces of a fortification called Apraksin Gorodok, built by the Russians in 1702. Up to 35,000 of our troops stood here, which moved from here to conquer Ingermanland, starting with the capture of Shlisselburg.
SINYAVINO - OLD, LABOR, HEROIC
The village of Sinyavino, located on the Sinyavino Heights and destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, has been known since the beginning of the 18th century, when by decree of Peter I these lands were “distributed for the settlement of Russian peasants” to Alexei Senyavin and the Navy lieutenant Sergei Senyavin. Like a village Vagriselka, it is mentioned on the maps of the St. Petersburg province of J. F. Schmit of 1770 and A. M. Wilbrecht of 1792 .
By a strange irony of history, the birth of the Sinyavino peat extraction was associated with the Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war of the First World War. In 1914, near the ancient village of Sinyavino, an artel was created from prisoners of war, which harvested carved peat. The finished products were sent by horse-drawn transport to the chintz-printing factory of the joint-stock company in Shlisselburg.
After Lenin's decree of 1918 on the use of local peat, its extraction intensified in these places as well. In 1920, the Sinyavino peat enterprise was created. Subsequently, Kirov chose the site for the construction of the 8th hydroelectric power station (state power station) near the Sinyavino peat mines.
These developments were located in difficult swamps from the Sinyavino Heights in the south to a sand dune running parallel to the Staraya Ladoga Canal in the north and from the Neva River in the west to the Naziia River in the east. This "square" began to be intensively developed in 1928 as the main fuel base for Leningrad power plants and the hydroelectric power station under construction - 8. A huge amount of excavation work was to be done to develop peat deposits. For this purpose, workers' settlements were built. On the northern side, and on the sand dune, there were settlements Nos. 1,2,3, and 4. Under the Sinyavinsky heights - Nos. 6 and 7. On the outskirts of the swamp, two kilometers from the Naziia River, the 9th settlement was built.
All the settlements were connected with each other, with the stations of Sinyavino and Nevdubstroy and Shlisselburg by a narrow gauge railway.
Central village No. 5. It housed the management office of a peat enterprise, a repair plant, a transport depot, a school, a trade center, a cultural center, a hospital, and a stadium. In addition, the only pilot plant in the USSR for the manufacture of peat machines of the All-Union Institute of Peat Mechanization was located in the village. Its ruins have survived to this day. Settlement No. 8 was built 6 kilometers east of the 5th settlement on the sandy island of Medvezhiy, surrounded by swamps.
In the 1930s, the Sinyavino peat enterprise became one of the largest in the USSR. The import of recruited seasonal workers reached 6-7 thousand people or more per season. In 1930, the name of the enterprise passed to the settlements.
It was fate that it was here, on peat fields, that the great battle for Leningrad would take place. In September 1941, Nazi troops captured Sinyavino and reached the shore of Lake Ladoga in the Shlisselburg-Lipki section, blocking the city from land. In September and October 1941 and August-October 1942, Soviet troops tried to break through the blockade in the Sinyavino area, but were unsuccessful, since the Nazis created a powerful fortified knot in the Sinyavino Heights area. In January 1943, the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, after stubborn battles during Operation Iskra, broke the enemy defenses and on January 18 united in the area of workers' settlements No.
During the battles with the Germans, the village of Sinyavino and most of the workers' settlements were destroyed. Sinyavino-1 was formed on the site of the village No. 1, and Sinyavino-2 was formed on the site of the village No. 8. Now they are part of the same municipality Sinyavinsky urban settlement.
Prepared Elena Loginova
(In preparing the article used
as well as the memoirs of Alexander Nikolaevich Vladimirov)
Yegor Efimovich Sechin recalls:
“In the post-war years, the entire Sinyavino land was pitted with craters from shells. Before building houses, they uprooted the roots of trees, removed the shells left over from the war. Swamps were drained: ditches were dug almost by hand, pipes were laid. Earth was brought in on carts and funnels were covered.
The village was quickly built. The first Finnish houses were built on the streets of Krasnye Zor and Vostochnaya. And in the 50s, two-story log houses were built on Pobedy Street. Young trees, flowering shrubs were planted very actively, flower beds were broken, and the two-story houses had a beautiful picket fence. Strictly ensured that everywhere was clean and comfortable.
Remembers Zoya Pavlovna Fedorova (before the war she lived in the village number 6)
“All the necessary conditions have been created for the life of people in the village. It had its own post office, office, nurseries and a garden, its own depot, a large sawmill and a carpentry workshop, two shops, a good canteen, a bathhouse, a laundry room, a boiler (it always had hot water for residents). There was also an outpatient clinic with a general practitioner and a nurse who lived in the same building and could be contacted for medical care at any time of the day or night. There was also a stall that sold medicines. I had my own Primary School. And high school students went to school in the 5th village. We got there on a narrow-gauge railway in special school trailers.”
Image caption: Extraction of peat is a very time-consuming and hard work.
Photo gallerySinyavino- an urban-type settlement in the west of the Kirovsky district of the Leningrad region. It is located above the P21 highway (Murmansk Highway), 8 kilometers from the regional center. The village lies a few kilometers from the southern shore of Lake Ladoga and the source of the Nevaflowing from the lake.
Story
The first mention of Sinyavino dates back to the times of Peter the Great. At the beginning of the 18th century, these lands were given to the noble family of the Senyavins for settlement. At the end of the 18th century, the settlement was named Vegriselka, and from the middle of the next century, the name Mikhailovka was added - after the St. Michael's Church built in 1867. In the pre-revolutionary period, Sinyavino belonged to the Shlisslburg district.
In the 1920s, the village became a microdistrict of Shlisselburg. In the same period, peat mining began in the Sinyavinsky swamps that surrounded the settlements. Already in 1930, the settlements of peat miners were merged with Sinyavino into one working settlement.
During the Great Patriotic War, Sinyavino is known as a place of fierce battles on the Sinyavino Heights - a small hill that had strategic importance. There was a German fort here. During the battles on the Sinyavin Heights during 1941-44, more than 300 thousand soldiers died. These places abound with monuments and war memorials.
Even in the Scribe of the Vodskaya Pyatina by D. Kitaev of 1500, the village of Gorka “on Greselka” was mentioned, which was located not far from Oreshok. Fedko Kuzmin, Olferko Fedotov, Ofonasko Danilov, Kuzemko and Mikitko Lukin lived in Gorka.
1540
There is information about the existence here in 1540 of the wooden church of St. prp. Anthony the Roman.
1699
On the Swedish map of the Noteburg county by P. Vasander in 1699, created according to the original of the first third of the 17th century, a village called Egerselki is indicated on the site of the village of Sinyavino.
18th century
In the second half of the XVIII century. Vagrisyolka began to belong to the landowners Dubyansky, and after 1843 - to the Zinovievs.
30s of the 18th century - 60s of the XVIII century.
From the second third of the 18th century, a new name for the village appeared on the maps - Vagriselka.
1747
In 1747, the village was granted to A. N. Senyavin.
1838
In 1838 the population of the village was 444 people. At this time, a new name appears in the documents - Sinyavino. Tradition says that the decision to rename Vagriselka to Sinyavino was made by the peasants at a gathering.
1862
In 1862, the village consisted of 73 households with a population of 536 people. At that time, a school already existed here.
1866
In 1866, a zemstvo postal station was opened in Sinyavino.
1867 - 1895
In 1867, on the site of the chapel, a wooden church was consecrated in the name of the Archangel Michael (architect S. L. Shustov), but in 1895 it died in a fire.
1897
In 1897, a new stone one was built on the site of the burned-out temple according to the project of V.F. Kharlamov.
00s of XX century - 10th XX century.
At the beginning of the XX century. Sinyavino administratively belonged to the Ivanovo volost of the Shlisselburg district of the St. Petersburg province. The peasants of the village formed the Sinyavino rural society. Before the revolution, dairy farming played a significant role in the economy of local residents.
10th XX century - 30s of XX century.
During the First World War in the vicinity of Sinyavino, peat extraction of the Dubrovka joint-stock company appeared. The first workers in this production were Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war. The harvested carved peat was sent to the Shlisselburg cotton-printing manufactory. Full-scale development of peat deposits here began in the late 1920s. 20th century 9 villages were built, later, in 1930, they were administratively united into the village of Sinyavino. In the 30s. there was a Sinyavinsky village council as part of the Mginsky district of the Leningrad region.
1941
According to the recollections of local residents, before the Great Patriotic War the village consisted of 203 farms, which were located on both sides of the road for three kilometers, mostly one street. The village was electrified and radio-equipped, it had a four-year elementary school, a collective farm club, a village council, a nursery, food and department stores.
1941 - 1945
During the war, the village was at the epicenter of the battle for Leningrad. The possession of positions on the Sinyavinsky Heights, on which the village was located, was of key importance for the continuation of the blockade of Leningrad. Relatively low elevations (up to 51 m) dominated the lowlands, allowing long-range artillery to control a significant part of the space of the Mginsk-Sinyavino ledge, blocking the land connection of Leningrad with the unoccupied part of the country. The struggle for the Sinyavin Heights began in September 1941 and ended only in January 1944.
September 1941
Sinyavino itself was captured after a stubborn battle on September 7, 1941 by units of the 20th German motorized division advancing from the Mustolovo region. Already in the 10th of September, the Soviet command made an attempt to regain control over Sinyavin. Mastering the space where the village was located before the war becomes one of the main intermediate goals Soviet command during the battle for Leningrad. “We would only take Sinyavino, and from there you can see Leningrad from the bell tower,” the Soviet soldiers said. German troops created a powerful defense center here.
September 1942
In September 1942, parts of the Soviet 8th and 2nd shock armies were close to the liberation of Sinyavino, approaching him from the southeast.
January 1943
In January 1943, during the continuation of Operation Iskra, which ended with the breaking of the blockade of Leningrad, Soviet tankers of the 16th brigade managed to liberate the 6th Workers' settlement, coming close to the village. Sinyavino from the west.
Despite the breakthrough of the blockade, positions on the Sinyavinsky Heights continued to threaten the land connection of Leningrad with the mainland. former boss engineering troops General B.V. Bychevsky of the Leningrad Front recalled: “Two great heights crown the Sinyavinsky ridge: one - with a mark of 43.3 - north of the ruins of the village of Sinyavino with the remains of a church, and the second - with a mark of 50.1 - south of the church. The Germans settled these heights and the plateau between them, turning them into a fortress fort. From this “ram's forehead” for twelve to fifteen kilometers, the entire peat lowland in the 180-degree sector to Lake Ladoga was visible and shot through. The “Victory Road”, a railway line laid in February 1943 along the shore of Lake Ladoga, was also shot through.
February 1943 - January 1944
The heights were stormed by Soviet troops in February, July, August 1943. In September 1943, soldiers of the 45th Guards Rifle Corps managed to take height 43.3. Completely liberate this area from the invaders Soviet troops succeeded only in January 1944.
The village was destroyed not only under the influence of artillery and aircraft of the warring parties. The German non-commissioned officer W. Buff then wrote in his diary: “The church in Sinyavino stands empty and looted, which is a common thing here. Recently it was blown up, as bricks were needed for the construction of furnaces.”
Pilot of the 73rd bomber aviation regiment air force Baltic Fleet V. I. Rakov described his impression of flying over Sinyavino in January 1944: “I saw the conflagrations and ruins of Sevastopol. I flew a lot over the Baltic states, over villages near the front. after the conflagrations. But there were clear traces of dwellings, and here there was only one road! And no sign of the large, densely populated place that I remembered so well. Everything disappeared, as if it had never existed. "
A memorial sign was erected on the site of the lost village. The inscription is placed on the monument: "Here on the heights was the village of Sinyavino (203 yards). Destroyed by the Nazis during the war."
Literature
