Paragraph 18 Aquarium is a small artificial ecosystem. Aquarium is a small artificial ecosystem. common goldfish

Sections: Primary School

Class: 3

Type of lesson: combined lesson

Lesson Objectives:

• to introduce students to the components of the ecosystem using the example of an aquarium;
• check the degree of assimilation by students of the previously studied field ecosystem;
• develop logical thinking through comparison and establishment of causal investigative links;
• teach students how to maintain an aquarium ecosystem;
• develop respect for nature.

Equipment:

• scheme of the ecosystem of the field, aquarium;
• illustrations (aquarium fish, animals, plants);
• textbook - notebook for grade 3 "Inhabitants of the Earth" part 1 (author coll. A.A. Vakhrushev, O.V. Bursky, A.S. Rautian);
• media projector;
• test cards.

Basic concepts of the lesson:

• ecosystem,
• power chain,
• three "professions"
• aquarium,
• aquarium plants,
• aquarium animals,
• the importance of aquariums.

Definition of lesson concepts:

Ecosystem - the unity of living organisms and their habitats, in which living organisms of different "professions" are able to jointly maintain the circulation of substances.

Power circuit - a sequence of species of organisms, each of which eats the previous one.

Three professions:

• Producers (“breadwinners”)- living organisms (mainly plants) that create organic substances from inorganic, mineral substances.
• Consumers (“eaters”)- living organisms (mainly animals) that use ready-made organic substances as food.
• Destroyers ("scavengers")- living organisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) that use the remains of dead organisms for nutrition. They process organic substances, decomposing them into simpler organic and mineral substances.

Aquarium - a vessel with water, inhabited by aquatic inhabitants.

Lesson plan:

DURING THE CLASSES

slide 1

1. Org. Moment
2. Checking students' knowledge

1. Blitz survey

2. Test “Ecosystem of the field”

Let's check how you learned the material of the last lesson. Let's execute the test "Ecosystem of the field" ( test sheets on desks)

1. The field is...

1. natural ecosystem;
2. artificial ecosystem.

1. Cultivated plants are...

1. dandelion, bindweed, sow thistle;
2. sunflower, flax, rice.

1. Cornflower, thistle, bindweed in the ecosystem of the field is ...

1. weeds;
2. bright flowers.

1. Biological warfare is a method of defense using ...

1. pesticides;
2. living assistants.

Check your work.

Summarize:

What are the main differences between fields and natural ecosystems? ( Huge dependence on the person. The circulation of substances in the fields is not closed, so the field cannot live without human help. This ecosystem is artificial)

What “professions” in the cycle in the fields have to be performed by a person? ( destroyers - (introducing minerals, plowing fields, weeding, pest control; producers; consumers - harvests)

Well done! You have mastered the topic “Field Ecosystem” well.

1. Problem situation and updating of knowledge

1. Blitz survey

2. Statement of the problem

Each person, if desired, can create a small ecological system. You don't have to be a wizard to do this.

Let's try to determine the topic and objectives of the lesson. Solve the riddle.

This house is not wooden click
This house is not made of stone. click
He is transparent click
He is glass click
There is no number on it... click
And the residents in it are not simple, click
Not simple, gold. click
These same residents
famous swimmers.

1. Co-discovery of knowledge

1. Heuristic conversation

2. Explanation of new material.

Slide 9 (View presentation)

A variety of beautiful fish are bred in the aquarium. But in order for the fish to live for a long time and even be able to breed, it is necessary to prepare an appropriate habitat for them.

Slide 10 - Where to start? (From ground preparation.)

Slide 11 - From the preparation of the soil. For this, washed, coarse-grained sand or pebbles (4-6 cm layer) are specially selected. Do not put shells on the bottom of the aquarium, as the water becomes hard from them. Tap water for the aquarium is defended for 5-7 days. Then water is poured into a special glass container and soil is laid.

Slide 12 After a couple of days, aquatic plants are planted in the aquarium. They form the basis of the ecosystem being created, providing the production of oxygen, the absorption of carbon and the creation organic matter needed by fish for food. The plants also serve decorative purposes.

Slide 13 All year round grow well in warm and cold water aquariums Vallisneria, Elodea, Riccia.

Slide 14 Tropical plants are common: cryptocorynes with multi-colored leaves, lancet echinodorus, glossy ludwigia, fluffy myriophyllu, rotala, hornwort, cabomba, pistia.

Then it is necessary to introduce microorganisms into the aquatic environment - various bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae. They are an essential element of the ecosystem, providing habitat restoration.

Slide 15 Now the environmental conditions make it possible to place larger inhabitants - fish - in a man-made reservoir. For an aquarium, they select such fish that live in nature in some areas ( geographical principle), or those that live in the same environmental conditions ( biological principle). It is recommended to keep cold-water fish separately from warm-water fish, and predatory fish from non-predatory ones.

At home, it is easier to create a warm-water aquarium than a cold-water one. Therefore, tropical fish are more frequent inhabitants of indoor aquariums.

Slide 16 American fish breeds are kept in a warm-water aquarium: guppies, Slide 17 swordtails, Slide 18 catfish, platy, limium, Slide 19 girardinus.

Often Asian fish are settled in the same aquarium. zebrafish, barbs, cardinals or South American glowing fish neon, fireflies and others.

Slide 20 In a cold-water aquarium, fish live in the reservoirs of Russia: verkhovka, crucian carp, mustard, small individuals plucking, carp, tench.

slide 21 A also contain breeds of goldfish: veiltails, telescopes, Slide 22 lion heads.

Slide 23 Other animals are sometimes settled in the aquarium: mollusks, crustaceans, turtles, snails.

Which of you has an aquarium with its inhabitants?

What advice would you give to those guys who want to have an aquarium and breed fish?

The most important thing is to understand that it is difficult to create an artificial ecosystem, even a small one. This requires knowledge, patience, love for little friends. If you're serious about making your own little artificial ecosystem, find a book about aquariums and read it carefully. Or visit a dedicated website.

3. Work with the textbook

Consider the drawing in task 2 on p.72.

Find the components of an ecosystem: the non-living parts of the aquarium ecosystem and the "professions" of living organisms. ( Looking at the drawing: 1 - soil; 2 - water; 3 - algae-producers; 4 - crustaceans-consumers; 5 - fish - consumers; 6 - snails-destroyers; 7 - microbes-destroyers)

4. Student messages

Some guys have prepared messages about the inhabitants of the aquarium. Let's listen to them.

1. Fizkultminutka.
2. Primary consolidation of the studied material.

1. Conversation

Why is an aquarium called a small artificial ecosystem? ( An aquarium is an ecosystem because it has all the components of an ecosystem. It is called artificial because it is man made.)

List all participants in the cycle of substances in the aquarium. (Producers - algae (plants). Consumers - fish. Destroyers - catfish (fish), microbes, snails)

2. Complete task 4 on page 76.

What needs to be done in task 4? ( It is necessary to correct the mistakes made in the maintenance of aquarium fish.)

What mistake did the owner of the first aquarium make? ( There are few plants in the aquarium.)

What mistake is made in keeping the fish in the second picture? ( There are a lot of fish in the aquarium. You need to buy a larger aquarium or transfer some of the fish to another aquarium)

The main condition for the successful keeping of fish in a cold-water aquarium, for example, breeds of goldfish, is their low stocking density, that is, at least 5 liters of water should fall on each fish 5 cm long. Water in such aquariums must be purged and filtered. ( Correlate the size of a five-liter jar and a fish (5cm))

3. Complete task 5 on page 76.

Guys, you need to determine in which parts of the world the homeland of aquarium fish is located, then sign the names of the fish.

Slide 24 click

Somik was born in South America (Brazil, Uruguay).

Slide 25 click

Swordsman - in North America (Southern Mexico, Guatemala).

Slide 26 click

Motherland guppies – South America(Guyana, Venezuela).

slide 27 click

Motherland angelfish- South America.

slide 28 click

Barbus was born in South Asia (India).

slide 29 click

Motherland lion heads is China.

1. Summarizing. Reflection.

What condition must be met for an aquarium to exist? ( It is necessary that all components of the ecosystem be present in it, and its inhabitants should support the circulation of substances.)

Modeling on the board (2 aquariums: warm water, cold water)

What new did you learn in the lesson?

What do you remember?

What else would you like to talk about in the lessons of the world around you?

1. Homework.

2. Written task: answer questions 10, 11, 12, 13 in the textbook on page 77

3. Prepare messages about the living inhabitants of the aquarium ecosystem ( optional)

1. Relaxation

Video clip “Coral Paradise”

Teacher: We are finishing our acquaintance with the ecosystem - an aquarium, its beautiful plants, various animals. The aquarium is, as it were, a particle of the underwater world, transferred to the room. It hides many mysteries, and observing it is unusually fascinating. At the same time, the aquarium is an artificially torn piece of the underwater kingdom, which is doomed to drag out a miserable existence in the name of satisfying the whims of its owner. Both of these statements are true, because, on the one hand, it will never be possible to exactly copy all the details of natural reservoirs, and on the other hand, the well-being of the aquarium world is entirely in the hands of the owner. Environmentally competent handling of the aquarium will bring the living conditions of pets as close as possible to natural ones, and ignorance of the laws of the life of the underwater world will lead to a violation of harmony and death of pets. I hope that the lesson was exciting and interesting for you, you learned a lot about the aquarium. Let's smile goodbye to all the inhabitants of the aquarium, smile to each other, watch the inhabitants of the aquarium in their natural habitat - coral reefs and enjoy our wonderful nature.

Thank you for your work!

Lesson of the world around in grade 3 using multimedia.

Topic: Aquarium - a small artificial ecosystem.

Objectives: - to introduce students to the components of the ecosystem using the example of an aquarium; with the inhabitants of the aquarium; learn how to maintain an aquarium ecosystem.

Download:

Preview:

Lesson of the world around in grade 3 using multimedia.

Sakhnova Nadezhda Vasilievna, primary school teacher.

Topic: Aquarium - a small artificial ecosystem.

Objectives: - to introduce students to the components of the ecosystem using the example of an aquarium; with the inhabitants of the aquarium; teach how to maintain an aquarium ecosystem;

Contribute to the formation of an emotionally positive attitude to the process of cognition;

To form a positive emotional attitude to high-tech equipment, including multimedia;

Contribute to the formation of innovative - active consciousness;

Equipment: PC, multimedia projector, Microsoft Power Point presentation, aquarium, illustrations of aquarium fish and plants, individual task cards, test, books about the inhabitants of the aquarium.

During the classes.

1. Organizing time.

Hello guys! I'm glad to see you all. Please turn to the guests, smile at them, say hello. Smile at me and I at you. Sit down. Dear Guys, Dear guests! May this lesson bring us the joy of communication and fill our souls with wonderful feelings.

2. Acquaintance with the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Guys, what are we going to talk about today at the lesson of the world around us?

Review these slides and try to formulate the theme and purpose of the lesson for yourself.

(presentation: 9 slides about aquarium music)

So, the topic of our lesson (children's answers) click. click slide "Aquarium - a small artificial eco system."

Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with another artificial ecosystem, small in comparison with the field ecosystem, with the aquarium ecosystem.

3.Updating knowledge.

Test.

What is an ecosystem? Let's test our knowledge by doing a quiz.

Take cards. Read the answers. Find the correct answer and tick it.

We work in pairs. Swap jobs, help each other. Reading the answer _____

(slide - checking the performance of the test by key. Raise your hand, who completed the test correctly).

2. Blitz survey.

What ecosystems are we familiar with?

(swamp, lake, meadow, forest, field).

What are the parts of an ecosystem?

What "professions" of living organisms are necessary for the cycle in the ecosystem to be closed?

Why, over time, one ecosystem can gradually move into another ecosystem?

What is an artificial ecosystem? Give an example.

3. Statement of a problem question.

Is it easy to create an artificial ecosystem? What is needed for this?

4. Working with the textbook p. 72. Reading the dialogue.

Our constant heroes Lena and Misha tried to create an artificial ecosystem, but they had problems. Help them solve these problems. Read What Didn't Work?

5. Reading the dialogue. Misha _______, Lena ______________

Questions after reading:

What ecosystem did Misha and Lena create?

Aquarium.

What is it - natural or artificial? Why?

Artificial, because it was created by man.

Why is it difficult for fish to breathe in Lena and Misha's aquarium?

There are no seaweed producers. They oxygenate the water.

4 .Cooperative discovery of new knowledge. Explanation of new material.

1. Fulfillment of task No. 2.

Consider the drawing in the textbook and on the screen and name the components of the ecosystem: sign the non-living parts of the aquarium ecosystem and the “professions” of living organisms.

2. Fulfillment of task No. 3.

Why should there be organisms of different professions in an aquarium?

Let's fill in the table.

What do manufacturers give to other organisms and what do they get?

What do consumers give and what do they receive?

What do the destroyers give and what do they get?

Let's make a conclusion.

5. Physical education minute.

The sea is worried

The sea is worried two,

The sea is rough three

Ships sink in the water.

Mermaids float on the waves

They dance, spin and sing.

And the seagulls flap their wings over those blue waves.

6. Protection of the project "Aquarium-small artificial ecosystem".

All week the children were researchers of living organisms in the aquarium. To do this, they were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 studied plants, group 2 - aquarium animals, group 3 - scavengers, group 4 - inanimate objects. We called them historians - aquarists. The children visited a pet store, a library, interviewed an experienced aquarist, read an encyclopedia, the Internet. Here's what they got.

1.B explanatory dictionary S. I. Ozhegov said: aquarium- this is an artificial reservoir or a glass container with water for keeping fish, aquatic plants and animals.

The first aquarium appeared in China in the second half of the fourteenth century. It was made of porcelain in the form of a huge vat and very soon became widespread in the palaces of the nobility. It was in China that various types of goldfish were bred from ordinary crucian carp. In Russia, aquaristics began to develop from the end of the nineteenth century.

The aquarium begins with the preparation of the soil. For this, washed, coarse-grained sand or pebbles (4-6 cm layer) are specially selected. Do not put shells on the bottom of the aquarium, as the water becomes hard from them. Tap water for the aquarium is defended for 5-7 days. Then water is poured into a special glass container and soil is laid.

2. After a couple of days, aquatic plants are planted in the aquarium.They form the basis of the created ecosystem, providing the production of oxygen, the absorption of carbon and the creation of organic substances that fish need for food. The plants also serve decorative purposes. All aquarium plants are often incorrectly referred to as algae. In fact, flowering plants with beautiful leaves are placed in the aquarium.

(slide click yellow capsule, click riccia (water moss), click

hornwort, click ludwig).

3. The most common inhabitants of the aquarium are fish.Fish are warm-water and cold-water. American fish are kept in a warm-water aquarium: guppies, barbs, swordtails. Look at them.

(barb slide click, guppy click, angelfish click, piranha click, parrot click, catfish click).

4. Catfish are real "scavengers".They swim at the bottom and clean the aquarium of food debris. It turns out that catfish are like you and me. breathe the air of the atmosphere. To do this, they occasionally stick out of the water.

5. Turtle. Turtles in the aquarium are much less common. After all, they eat fish, often gnaw plants. Therefore, it is better to plant them in a separate aquarium.

(Show children live turtles).

6. What do they feed the fish with?

(Cyclops, daphnia, food display)

Name reasonable rules for feeding fish.

(Children with drawings come out and say the rules).

Do not overfeed fish. Feed little but often.

Change water 1-2 times a week.

Warm-water fish should be kept separate from cold-water, predatory and non-predatory.

Aquarium-house for fish.

7. Final reflection.

Conversation.

Who has the desire to have an aquarium at home?

Who has an aquarium with its inhabitants?

What advice would you give to other guys who want to have an aquarium?

We now have our own aquarium in the classroom. Let's check, is our aquarium an ecosystem? Prove it.

What ecosystem? Is the cycle of substances in our aquarium closed or not? Why? So, the life of the fish depends on whom?

(slide click “We are responsible for those we have tamed” A. Saint-Exupery)

How do you understand these words?

If it is difficult to create a small artificial ecosystem, and even more difficult to maintain, why would a person need an aquarium?

What gives a person knowledge of the aquarium?

(Give a charge of energy and vivacity. Relieves stress, reduces blood pressure, fatigue).

Raise your hand, who received a charge of vivacity, the joy of communication, the joy of knowledge?

8.Relaxation.
- The aquarium world is rich and varied. Love them more.

(presentation to music slide show about the inhabitants of the aquarium).

Have we learned everything about the aquarium?

Where do we get knowledge?

(Exhibition of books.)

9. Homework.

1. Write what non-living parts of the ecosystem and the "professions" of living organisms we find in the aquarium.

1 - soil - rocky rocks, 2 - water, 3 - plants - producers, 4 - crustaceans - consumers, 5 - fish - consumers, 6 - snails - destroyers, 7 - microbes - destroyers.

2. Fill in the table.

3. Make a text plan from the textbook.

aquarium plants. Fish. Shellfish. Crayfish and turtles.

4. Look at the pictures. Think about why you can't keep fish like that. Correct their living conditions with colored pencils. Name the rules of the aquarist.

1) There must be water in the aquarium. We need to paint the plants. There are too many fish in the aquarium.

2) The aquarium must be inaccessible to other pets.

5. Determine in which parts of the world the homeland of aquarium fish is located. Write the names of the fish.

Checking the ability to understand the text

Read the text "Aquarium is a small artificial ecosystem" on pages 75-77 of the textbook. Complete the tasks.

A. Learning to understand the text and find facts.

1. What is the main focus of the text? Choose only one answer and mark it.

Aquarium dwellers.

2. Choose from the sentences below the one that tells what role catfish play in the aquarium. Tag him.

Catfish are real "scavengers": they swim near the bottom and clean the aquarium of food debris.

3. What aquarium fish breathe atmospheric air? Choose only one answer and mark it.

4. Write what animals are kept in aquariums.

Fish, crayfish, turtles, snails.

5. Write in which country a goldfish was bred from a crucian.

6. Which of the slaves depicted in the picture is mentioned in the text? Circle them.

B. We learn to understand the text, compare information and draw conclusions.

7. Why are goldfish kept in more cold water? Choose only one answer and mark it.

Because they come from a temperate climate.

8. Why are snails-coils settled in an aquarium? Choose only one answer and mark it.

They clean the algae off the glass.

9. Why in this text, of all the inhabitants of the aquarium ecosystem, mainly fish are described?

A person buys an aquarium to breed fish, so he must have information about them.

10. Write why goldfish are not kept along with guppies and swordtails. Choose only one answer and mark it.

They prefer colder water.

11. Write why crayfish and turtles are not kept together with fish.

Crayfish and turtles eat fish and gnaw on plants.

12. Write why not all plants in aquariums are correctly called algae.

Because flowering plants can also grow in aquariums.

Learning to understand main idea text.

To start an aquarium, you need to know about its inhabitants.

14. If there was another paragraph in the text, what would it be about?

About the nutrition of fish or about the devices that are needed to care for the inhabitants of the aquarium.

15. Which of the headings is most suitable for the whole text? Choose only one answer and mark it.

Who inhabits the aquarium?

16. Which sentence best helps to understand the main idea of ​​the text? Choose only one answer and mark it.

If you seriously want to make your own little artificial ecosystem, then find a book about aquariums and read it carefully.

Every ecosystem has its own components. Now we have to work with you to identify these components.

- Each group will examine the component, read the instructions carefully.

Group #1.

WATER

Instruction:

Find out what kind of water is needed for an aquarium. For this:

1. Consider water samples.i

2.Fill in the table.

3.Read:
Many waterworks add a large number of chlorine is a gas that kills harmful microbes. Chlorine is also dangerous for fish. Therefore, fish should not be allowed into tap water. It should stay for 2-3 days.

4. Make a conclusion. 5. Give an answer according to the plan.

5. Give an answer according to the plan.

Response plan

We compared water samples from the water supply and from the aquarium and determined that (read from the table)

From the additional article, we learned ________________

and concluded: (prepared / unprepared) water is needed to maintain the ecosystem of the aquarium. (Slide 9)

Group #2.

(brown envelope)

SOIL (soil)

Instruction:

1. Read the article about soil.

PRIMING.
Priming- the soil that forms the bottom of the reservoir.
Soil is needed for plants to grow in it.
The soil should not have sharp edges that could injure fish.
The soil is coarse sand or pebbles. To put it in the aquarium, it is washed from dirt. It's best to boil it. Then they are washed again under the tap and fall asleep at the bottom of the aquarium.

2. Discuss with the group how large the substrate for the aquarium should be.

3. Make a conclusion and give an answer according to the plan.

Answer plan:

We learned that the soil in an aquarium is called ____________. For the bottom use ______________

Before placing in the aquarium, the soil needs _______

and lay on the bottom of the aquarium with a layer of several centimeters. (Slide 10, 11)

Group #3.

Light.

1. Read the text.

In an aquarium that is heavily lit and contains few plants, it will quickly
overgrown with algae and requires constant cleaning.
If the aquarium is placed in a dark place, then the plants will die and the fish will die. What should be done in order to

Is the aquarium overgrown with algae?

Answer plan:

We came to the conclusion that the aquarium needs artificial _________________, for example _______________ daylight. (Slide 11)

Group number 4.

Oxygen.

1. Read the text.

Oxygen is needed for the respiration of plants and animals. Fish breathe oxygen, which is dissolved in water. It is clear that the farther from the surface, the less oxygen in the water. How can you make sure that there is enough oxygen in the aquarium?

2. Discuss in a group and give an answer according to the plan.

Answer plan:

We came to the conclusion that: an additional source of ___________________ is needed. For example, a compressor . (Slide 11)

The table is filled in during the research.