The fate of many worthy people of their time will sink into obscurity. This is very sad, because they could teach the modern generation to truly live. The life and work of Yuri Dombrovsky are undeservedly forgotten and erased from literature textbooks.

First meeting

Do you know such a person as Yuri Dombrovsky? The author's books are very popular, but he himself speaks too modestly about his work. Who is this stranger?

Russian writer, prose writer and literary critic- that's who the Biography is, the list of books - all this is impressive from the first time. Well, let's get acquainted with the list of his creations:

"Derzhavin".
"Faculty of unnecessary things".
"Dark Lady".
"The monkey comes for his skull."
"Keeper of Antiquities"
"The Birth of the Mouse".
"Torch".

Biography: beginning

Yuri Dombrovsky was born in Moscow in May 1909 into a family of intelligent people. Mother was a biologist, and father was an attorney. Having reached a certain age, young Yuri enters the tailing gymnasium, which was located in Krivoarbatsky Lane. Having adequately graduated from it, he begins to go to the Higher Literary Courses and in 1932 successfully graduates from them.

Arrest and expulsion

Was very sad. Yuri Dombrovsky was arrested and expelled from Moscow. The reason for this was an incomprehensible flag found in Yuri's dorm room. Naturally, this was only a pretext, and we are unlikely to ever know the true reasons for the expulsion. Those who were familiar with Yuri suggest that he was deported to Alma-Ata because of his harsh statements against the state authorities. Some categorically deny Dombrowski's interest in political affairs.

Life goes on

Despite life circumstances, in the new city, Yuri Dombrovsky tried various professions. He worked as an archaeologist, journalist, art critic, teacher. Yuri was married to a beautiful philologist, but the couple had no children.

However, the thunder struck again, and already in 1937 the ambitious man was taken under investigation. Within a few months, he is completely cut off from the life of society. Yuri is then released. Soon this situation will form the basis of two of his books.

Literary field and subsequent arrest

The author begins to publish in the newspaper "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" and the magazine "Literary Kazakhstan" under real name- Yuri Dombrovsky. Books have not yet completely taken over him, but he is already publishing the first part of his novel Derzhavin and is behind bars. In 1939, he was arrested again, and he served his sentence in the Kolyma camps.

Liberation, anti-fascist book and arrest

The year 1943 has come. What is Yuri Dombrovsky doing now? His biography is making a new round. The writer is released from prison, and Yuri returns to Alma-Ata to engage in theatrical activities. In addition, he lectures at the university on the work of W. Shakespeare. The same time falls on the writing of such books as "The Monkey Comes for His Skull" and "The Swarthy Lady". The first of the books contained pronounced anti-fascist thoughts.

1949 was marked by the fourth arrest, the reason for which was the testimony of Irina Strelkova, a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda. Yuri is sent to prison in the North - Ozerlag.

Finally, after hard years spent alone in the North, the writer was released in 1955. At this time, he becomes calm, balanced and comes to the realization that the regime cannot be broken. He tried to write the truth, to convey it to people, but constantly the iron hand of power found him, humiliated and destroyed him. After arrests and deportations, Yuri always had to spiritually revive, rediscover the desire to create in himself. It is impossible to ignite what was smoldering, but he succeeded every time. It is difficult to find a person with such a will to live and a desire to create.

The all-seeing eye of power noticed this change in the writer. Life broke him, but did not break him. Yuri is allowed to live in his hometown - Moscow. Here he continues his literary activity, but more calmly and thoughtfully. But, despite this, he did not change his views, he just learned to hide them.

Interesting facts from life

When Yuri wrote the novel "The Monkey Comes for His Skull", the manuscript was allowed to be printed. However, the subsequent arrest of the writer led to the fact that all his manuscripts were taken away by the authorized bodies. When the author was finally released to Moscow, that is, after for long years, an unknown person came to him. The name of this man remains unknown. He brought Yuri the saved manuscript, although according to the order he had to burn it.

Yuri was very hard on one notorious story by A. Solzhenitsyn. In his letters, he wrote that the author exalts the vile servants of the regime and belittles an honest and worthy person. Yuri led to the fact that the person who writes such stories was himself in the camp just a “six” of more powerful people.

Throughout his life, in addition to references, the author of unique texts has also suffered from ordinary human cruelty. He was beaten many times just like that, and it would be simply ridiculous to go with a statement to the police. The cases were not made public and gradually forgotten about them.

In addition, the writer was constantly a target for persecutors from the KGB. This little known fact, and only relatives knew that a person who just wanted to create, walked every day of his life, as if at gunpoint.

Some famous books

"Keeper of Antiquities"

Yuri Dombrovsky, whose books were published only in negligible quantities, does not lose his will and continues to write. In 1964, he published the novel The Keeper of Antiquities, in which, under a fictitious name, he describes his gloomy adventures of expulsion from Moscow.

"Faculty of unnecessary things"

This book was started in the same 1964. She became the pinnacle of the writer's work. Having finished the book in 1975, the writer could not publish it in his homeland, so three years later he publishes it in France in Russian.

The essence of the work is what happens to Christian values in an inhumane world. The main characters are the "cogs" of the Stalinist system, which work regularly for the regime.

Death

After the release of his cult book, the author was severely beaten, life hung in the balance. As a result, he died in the hospital from a severe internal hemorrhage in May 1978. It was not possible to establish the identity of several attackers. This case was quickly hushed up, and no one found out the names of the true killers of the great man. It is noteworthy that the beating took place near which Yuri was heading.

Relatives buried the writer at the Kuzminsky cemetery in Moscow. After the death of the writer, his works saw the world. Three books were published by the writer's relatives and friends.

Four arrests, for nothing - kolyma:
ordinary fate - deprivation, prison.
For writing the truth about life,
became a victim of "bandits-readers"

FROM THE INTERNET
...............

ABOUT THE POET AND WRITER FROM THE INTERNET
(Pay no attention to E.K.-
not removed)

YURI DOMBROVSKY
........................

KILLED WHEN ELIGIBLE

My dear, why are you so radiant?
The path of false suns is not an easy path at all!
And I haven't been able to sleep for a week now.
You fall asleep - and again you walk through the snow,
Again you will hear the hoarse howl of the wind,
The creak of boots in the snow, the roar of the convoy:
"Lie down!" - and over the neighboring head
Suddenly the lightest through,
Instant radiance of snow -
Subtly subtle sharp light:
A man walked - and there was no man!

The killer is given a white watch
And a two week vacation. Two weeks
He is a human! The dogs will forget about him
Taiga dusk, hoarse blizzards.
Fly to your bride, cavalier!
Give style, show breed!
You lived in the taiga, you jammed alcohol without measures,
He served the Leader and beat the enemies of the people.
Girls kiss you passionately
You are the first guy - what else do you want?

So two weeks passed - and now
He returns noisily.
Squirrel shoots, serves, drinks vodka!
He does not argue with anything - everything is clear to him.
But one morning, sleepily, slowly,
Without darkening, without locking the door
He takes a Browning.
Dear soul
How strong you are under the red skin of the beast!
In the night taiga we kaylim permafrost,
And sentinel confused and straight
Looks at lifeless simplicity,
To the emptiness and cold of this pit.
He still cannot grasp everything with his mind,
But death had already spread its wings over him.
"Shoot! Shoot!" Who to shoot now?
"Blood from my throat!" Whose throat is this?
And what, when put on the scales
All those who did not live, did not finish singing?
They walked in the taiga, ate black stone,
And with snoring they suffocated like clockwork.
And what, when put on the scales
Eagle eye, heroic mustache
And the stars on the field marshal's overcoat?
Mustache, mustache, you overlooked something
You misunderstood something, mustache!

And silently the soldier looks at me,
I am not happy with my soldier's fate.
And he looks into the hole
But the pit says nothing.
She just smiles and waits
The one who will definitely come.

MARIA RILKE

I go out alone from the barracks,
The moon shines, yellow as a dog,
And stands between the lanterns and the stars
White tower - duty post.
In the sky - the admiral's minute,
And to me from the firmament of fire
Swims, smiling vaguely,
My friend, my old companion!
He is a professor in the city of Berlin,
Water carrier, mediocre lumberjack,
Strange, blindish, long,
A very understandable person.
It hides, as if in a piggy bank,
All that the world has seen in a century.
And he reads to Maria Rilke
Hoarfrost overgrown line.
Raise your green finger
Hard-nosed, in grief and need,
"Und Eone redet mit Eone"
He speaks to the North Star.
What can I say to a friend?
I, sharing fire and darkness with him?
These stars shine for me too
From poems unknown to him.
Where there is no time limit
No existence, no death
Dead stars scattered body,
Here is the result of your fate, mine:
Light, wide road, -
The path is open to everyone.
What are we waiting for?
The desert listens to God
And the star speaks to the star...

These bitches wanted to kill me
But I brought from the working yard
Two new pointed axes.
According to all the laws of camp science
He came, cut it in and sat on the woodcutter;
I sit, I look at them like a cheerful wolf:
“Well, please! Even straight, even a country road ... "
- Dombrovsky, - they say, - you are a smart person,
You are alone here, and we are here... Look!
- I can’t hear, - I say, - please, closer! -
Do not accept, bastards, games.
They stand at a distance, sparkling with finches,
And they know: this is death sitting at the door of the barn -
Tall, silent, thin,
Sits and silently holds axes!
When Chegrash suddenly departs from the crowd,
Goes and sways with anger.
"So you won't give the ax to me? Won't you give up?!
Well, I'll take it myself! - "Take it!" - "I'll take it! .." - "Try it!"
He throws himself at my feet, and then,
Instantaneously jumping over
With an ax I bring down a cheeky skull,
And - remember his name!
He pushed him, sat down on the woodcutter again:
“One has reached, now I ask for the second!”

And so I returned to the world,
Which is so intricately colored.
I look at you, at your thin women,
To the geniuses in the tavern, to the tavern,
To silent gray-haired evil,
For the petty goodness of a penny essence,
On how they drink, how they sit, twist,
And I think: how unlucky I am!

RECOVERY RAW

He walks, a black, nimble ant,
A goner with sharp, mouse-like eyes;
He will go to the market, stand over the wagons,
Look at the wagons, at the horses,
Talk about something with the old woman,
Take a watermelon and crunch near the ear.
It has a business irreconcilable style,
Not tolerant of delay and evasion -
And here fly the bottles and wrappers,
And rags turned into scrap
Taking back the old name
But he is great, he is proud of his calling:
Hunt, catch them and again
Return things and dreams!

And there was a time: in a white office,
Where my executioner turned blue in a heart-rending cry,
He suddenly entered, insignificant and great,
And my executioner croaked to him: “No!”
And he waddled up to me
And looked with mouse eyes
In my eyes - and I was like a stone,
But a stone heated by fire.
I haven't closed my eyes for ten days
I spent eight days in a chair,
I was dead, I swam in a muddy rumble,
Not understanding any more.
I didn't know where is the day, where is the night, where is the light,
What is evil and what is good, but he remembered firmly:
"No, no and NO!" One hundred thousand different "no"
In the same sleepy muzzle!
In the same white zenki
Dull tin glow,
In the sloping forehead, in the drooling mouth of the jackal,
In purple tight fists!
And he said contemptuously kindly:
- Dombrovsky, you have to write ... -
Shrugged, "It's useless!"
He grinned: "Writer, your mother! .."

Oh, you didn't forget me, of course.
Robbers revolver and pen,
Footmen and night drivers
Accountants and junk kings!
Faded vipers in soft skin
Killers of women, old people, children!
But why are the killers so similar,
So little different from humans?
After all, here he comes, and do not run after him
Dogs and guys down the street
And live he is safe and sound -
Burnt a hundred times, cursed a thousand times.
And again his wife is waiting at home -
Beauty with high eyebrows.
And again her pillows are choking with dreams,
And there is no tire for her, no bottom!
And the dead sleep peacefully, quietly,
Like "Ten years without the right to correspond"...
And the reptile compresses its reptile,
Equally disgusting and close to everyone.
And I can't bring back the dead
And not a living one to delete from the lists!

Alma-Ata, market
1959

Chekist

I knew the Berlin executioner
Wielding an ax and a guillotine.
He was tall, good-natured, long,
He loved children, but looked like an owl.

I knew a doctor, he was a bishop;
I boxed with a Jesuit.
Lived with a sailor who never saw the seas
And with a physicist he almost became a spiritualist.

Was once in love with me
Beauty - only on the wrapper of soap
Such girls live - she
Strangled her lover in bed.

But somehow in the days of my silence
Over the lake gloomy and rocky
I met a Chekist. About him
I have nothing to say: he was a Chekist.

FROM WIKIPEDIA
.........................................
Dombrovsky, Yuri Osipovich

Yu; riy O; sipovich Dombro; vsky (May 12, 1909, Moscow - May 29, 1978, ibid) - Russian prose writer, poet, literary critic of the Soviet period.

Biography]
Grew up in a family of intellectuals: father - Iosif Vitalyevich (Gdalevich) Dombrovsky (1873-1923), sworn attorney of the Jewish confession; mother - Lidia Alekseevna (nee Kraineva, 1883-1957), Evangelical Lutheran confession, scientist in the field of plant anatomy and cytology, later candidate of biological sciences and associate professor at the Moscow Agricultural Academy. His father's grandfather, a native of Yurburg, Kovno province, Yakov-Saul Dombrover (later Yakov Savelyevich Dombrovsky, 1794-1884), was exiled to Oyok in 1833 as a participant in the Polish uprising; in 1859 he moved to Irkutsk, where he engaged in distillery production and grain trading, acquired gold mines in the Trans-Baikal region, built the Yakovlevsky distillery and large-scale mill of Ya. local Jewish community, which he led for two decades. His son Gdaliy Yakovlevich was born already in Irkutsk (1847). In 1928 (5 years after the death of his father), the mother of Yu. O. Dombrovsky married a second time - to Nikolai Fedorovich Sludsky, the son of the mathematician and mechanic F. A. Sludsky.

He studied at the former tailor's gymnasium in Krivoarbatsky lane in Moscow. In 1932, Yuri Osipovich graduated from the Higher Literary Courses ("Bryusov").

In 1933 he was arrested and deported from Moscow to Alma-Ata. Worked as an archaeologist, art historian, journalist, pedagogical activity. The second arrest - in 1936, was released a few months later, managed to publish the first part of the novel "Derzhavin" before the next arrest. Published in "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" and the magazine "Literary Kazakhstan". The third arrest - in 1939: he served time in the Kolyma camps. In 1943 he was released ahead of schedule due to disability (returned to Alma-Ata). Worked in the theatre. Read a course of lectures on W. Shakespeare. He wrote the books "The Monkey Comes for His Skull" and "The Swarthy Lady".

The fourth arrest came in 1949. On the night of March 30, the writer was arrested in criminal case No. 417. The testimony of Irina Strelkova, at that time a correspondent for Pionerskaya Pravda, played a key role. Place of detention - Sever and Ozerlag.

After his release (1955) he lived in Alma-Ata, then he was allowed to register in his native Moscow. was engaged literary work. In 1964, the novel The Keeper of Antiquities was published in the journal Novy Mir.

The pinnacle of the writer's work is the novel The Faculty of Useless Things, which he began in 1964 and completed in 1975. This is a book about the fate of the values of the Christian-humanistic civilization in an anti-Christian and anti-humanistic world - and about people who took on the mission of loyalty to these ideals and values, "unnecessary things" for the Stalinist system. The main anti-heroes in the novel are employees of "organs", security officers - stainless gears of an inhuman regime. The novel could not be printed in the USSR, but in 1978 it was published in Russian in France.

Dombrovsky's work is traditionally highly appreciated in criticism. He is often considered one of the greatest Russian prose writers of the 20th century. Critic Yevgeny Yermolin, for example, writes: “Having re-read The Faculty, I would say with full responsibility: this is the last great Russian novel by the time of creation (1975). A third of a century without Yuri Dombrovsky, and his main novel is not just, as they say, retains enduring significance. He somehow even grew in his artistic value.

A year before his death (in 1977), the last story "Hand, leg, cucumber" was written, which became prophetic. Published in the magazine New world"(No. 1, 1990).

Through the efforts of Dombrovsky's widow, Klara Fayzulaevna Turumova-Dombrovskaya (who appears under her own name in the novel "Keeper of Antiquities"), the writer's six-volume book was published in the 1990s.

Circumstances of death
In the spring of 1978, shortly after the release of the novel The Faculty of Unnecessary Things in the West, 68-year-old Dombrovsky was severely beaten by a group of unknown people in the lobby of the CDL restaurant. On May 29, 1978, he died in the hospital from severe internal bleeding. He was buried in Moscow at the Kuzminsky cemetery (plot 90).

Books]
"Derzhavin", biographical novel, "KIHL" Alma-Ata, 1939 (abridged).
"The Monkey Comes for His Skull" - novel, "Soviet Writer", Moscow, 1959.
Dombrovsky Y. Monkey comes for his skull. - M.: Soviet writer, 1959. - 416 p. - 30,000 copies. (in trans.)
"The Keeper of Antiquities" - a novel, in the journal "New World" in 1964; otd. ed. - 1966, complete. ed. -Paris, 1978
Dombrovsky Yu. Keeper of antiquities. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1966. - 256 p. - 100,000 copies. (in trans.)
"Dark Lady", "Soviet Writer", Moscow, 1969
Dombrovsky Yu. Swarthy lady: Three short stories about Shakespeare. - M.: Soviet writer, 1969. - 184 p. - 30,000 copies. (in lane, superregional)
Dombrovsky Y. Torch. Stories. Alma-Ata: Zhazushi, 1974. - 112 p. 12,000 copies
"Faculty of unnecessary things" - novel, YMCA-Press, Paris, 1978; in the USSR - in the journal "New World" in 1988; otd. ed. - Moscow - Alma-Ata - Khabarovsk, 1989-1990.
Dombrovsky Yu. Faculty of unnecessary things. - M.: Fiction, 1989. - 512 p. - 500,000 copies. - ISBN 5-280-00907-5. (reg.)
Dombrovsky Yu. Faculty of unnecessary things. - M.: Soviet writer, 1989. - 720 p. - 200,000 copies. - ISBN 5-265-01092-0. (in trans.)
Dombrovsky Yu. Faculty of unnecessary things. - Alma-Ata: Zhazushi, 1990. - 640 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-605-00820-X. (in trans.)
Dombrovsky Yu. Faculty of unnecessary things. - Khabarovsk: Prince. publishing house, 1990. - 528 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7663-1067-7. (in trans.)
"The Birth of a Mouse", the first book publication in the publishing house "PROZAiK", 2010
Dombrovsky Y. The Birth of a Mouse: A Novel in Novels and Stories / Foreword by Dmitry Bykov. - M.: PROZAiK, 2010. - 512 p. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-91631-096-2.
From books published after death[edit | edit wiki text]
Dombrovsky Yu. Collected works in six volumes. M., "Terra", 1992-1993, 25,000 copies.
Dombrovsky Y. These bitches wanted to kill me / Introductory article and compilation by K. F. Turumova (Dombrovskaya). Moscow Historical and Literary Society "Return". - M.: Return, 1997. - 200 p. - 7,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7157-0061-2. (in trans.)
Dombrovsky Yu. Messengers / Compiled by K. F. Turumova-Dombrovskaya; Ed. E. Frost. - M.: MIK, 2005. - 312, p. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-87902-077-0. (in trans.)

How the idols left. Last days and watches of people's favorites Razzakov Fedor

DOMBROVSKY YURI

DOMBROVSKY YURI(writer: "Keeper of Antiquities", "Faculty of Useless Things", etc.; died on May 29, 1978 at the age of 70).

Dombrovsky was one of the writers banned in the Soviet Union, because he wrote books that did not correspond to the spirit of "socialist realism". Dombrovsky wrote his first novel, Derzhavin, in the early 1930s, when he was exiled in Alma-Ata (he was exiled because he and his friend tore down the red flags). The novel, of course, was not published. The same fate befell the second book - "The Monkey Comes for His Skull", also written in the same Alma-Ata, but already in the early 40s. In 1949, Dombrovsky was arrested again and sent to Ozerlag.

Dombrovsky's first book was published during the Khrushchev "thaw" and caused a sensation: it was the novel "The Keeper of Antiquities", published in 1964 in the "New World". It was recognized as the best publication of the year, caused a wave of reader feedback, hundreds of translations and reviews in the West. However, native criticism about the novel was stoically silent, since there were no orders from above on this matter. But Dombrowski didn't care much. In March of the same 64th, he sat down to write the continuation of The Guardian - the novel The Faculty of Useless Things. He signed a contract for it with the same "New World", although he was aware that the novel was from the "2000 plan". Indeed, no one was going to publish the book in the Soviet Union, but Western publishers literally besieged Dombrovsky. As a result, in 1978 the novel was published in France. Dombrovsky managed to leaf through this glossy publication, and a month later - 16 days after his 69th birthday - he died. According to the writer's wife Klara Tumanova-Dombrowskaya, it happened in the following way: “On May 28, he got up from his chair, took two steps and fell to the floor. I called an ambulance and rushed to give him artificial respiration. When the ambulance arrived, the doctor asked me: “What are you actually doing?” I looked and realized that the body was already glassy ... "

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From the book Correspondence the author Shalamov Varlam

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From the book How idols left. The last days and hours of people's favorites the author Razzakov Fedor

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From the author's book

YURI YAKOVLEV? THIS IS THE SUN… Yuri Yakovlev V last years Yuri Vasilyevich Yakovlev did not appear on the screen for a long time. There are many reasons for this, largely independent of the actor himself. And, perhaps, one of the most significant is that the current cinema is by no means generous with roles for

DOMBROVSKY, YURI OSIPOVICH (1909–1978), Soviet writer. Born April 29 (May 12), 1909 in Moscow, in the family of a lawyer. In 1932 he graduated from the Higher Literary Courses, in the same year he was arrested and exiled to Alma-Ata. He worked as an archaeologist, art critic, journalist, and was engaged in pedagogical activities. In 1936 he was again arrested, but a few months later he was released. The story of this arrest formed the basis of the novels The Curator of Antiquities (1964) and The Faculty of Unnecessary Things (1978). Dombrovsky kept in them the real names of his investigators, Myachin and Khripushin. In 1938, Derzhavin published a novel, a year later he was again arrested and sent to the Kolyma camps, from where, in 1943, sick, he returned to Alma-Ata. In the winter of 1943, in the hospital, he began writing the novel The Monkey Comes for His Skull (published 1959). In 1946 he began to work on a series of short stories about Shakespeare, The Swarthy Lady (published in 1969).
In 1949, Dombrovsky was arrested again, spent six years in prison in the Far North and in Taishet. In 1956 he was rehabilitated for lack of corpus delicti and received permission to return to Moscow.
Dombrovsky's work is permeated with humanistic ideals. The action of the novel The Monkey Comes for His Skull takes place in a Western European country occupied by the Nazis. The characters in the novel work at the fictional International Institute of Paleanthropology and Prehistory. The author does not specify the scene of action, creating a collective image of Europeans fighting against a totalitarian regime. This gave critics reason to assert that the novel has nothing to do with the warmongers (I. Zolotussky), that it depicts not fascism in Europe, but totalitarianism in Russia. Despite the obviousness of such parallels, the heroes of the novel are still European intellectuals, brought up on the traditions of humanism. The protagonist, Professor Meissonier, is faced with a choice between physical and spiritual suicide - and, dying, emerges victorious from this struggle. The antipode of Meissonier in the novel is his associate, Professor Lane, who compromises with the invaders for the sake of survival.
Freedom of the spirit becomes main theme dilogy Guardian of Antiquities and Faculty of Useless Things. In the Guardian of Antiquities, despotism is contrasted with the historicity of the consciousness of the protagonist, the nameless Guardian of the Alma-Ata Museum, about whom Dombrovsky wrote: My hero is a person of my circle, my observations, information and perception. For the Guardian, antiquities are not dead values, but part of the history of mankind. In his mind, there are coins from the time of Emperor Aurelian and the sparkling, needle-like juice that splashed from an apple, and the creations of the Alma-Ata architect Zenkov who survived the earthquake, who managed to build a building tall and flexible, like a poplar, and paintings by the artist Khludov, who painted not only steppes and mountains, but also the degree of amazement and delight that everyone who first comes to this extraordinary land feels. The inhuman ideology is powerless before the tangible, powerful diversity of the world, described in the novel with the stylistic plasticity inherent in Dombrowski.
In the novel The Faculty of Unnecessary Things, which continues the Keeper of Antiquities, main character goes to prison, experiences betrayal, but the freedom of his spirit is stronger than tyranny. A heightened sense of justice permeates the story Notes of a Petty Hooligan (published 1990). Dombrovsky tells how, having stood up for a beaten woman, he was arrested and convicted of petty hooliganism during another demonstration campaign. In court, the writer saw the triumph of meaninglessness and absurdity, the crown of which was the condemnation of a deaf-mute for obscene language.
During Dombrovsky's lifetime, only one of his poems was published - Stone Ax (1939). In the poem, these bitches wanted to kill me... he writes about how difficult it was for him to return to normal human relations after the camp. A meeting at the Alma-Ata market with his former investigator (Utilsyrye, 1959) makes Dombrovsky bitterly write about the lack of justice in a world where the fates of victims and executioners are closely intertwined. Dombrovsky's poetry is not rhymed journalism. He sought to ensure that the real events of his life were poetically transformed: I am waiting for something to be ignited by Art / My unbearable reality (While this is life ..., undated).
In three short stories about Shakespeare, united by the title of the Swarthy Lady, the psychology of the artist becomes the object of Dombrowski's attention. The writer traces how the author changed over the years, how, ardent and quick in his youth, he grew up, matured, grew wiser, how enthusiasm was replaced by sedateness, disappointment, caution, and how everything was finally replaced by terrible fatigue (Rutlandbackonsouthamptonshakespeare. About myth, antimyth and biographical hypothesis , 1977).
Dombrovsky died in Moscow on May 28, 1978

From the book of fate. Yuri Osipovich Dombrovsky, one of the most significant writersXX century, was born on May 12, 1909 in Moscow.

He grew up in an intelligent family: his father, Iosif Vitalyevich Dombrovsky, a lawyer, played a prominent role in the work of the Extraordinary Investigation Commission of the Provisional Government (together with Alexander Blok), which published information about secret agents of the Okhrana. Mother - Lydia Alekseevna Kraineva, biologist.

Yura studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium, located in Krivoarbatsky Lane ...

In 1932, Yuri Osipovich graduated from the Higher Literary Courses, and in 1933 he was arrested and deported from Moscow to Alma-Ata.

The second arrest - in 1939: he served time in the Kolyma camps. In 1943 he was released ahead of schedule due to disability (he returned to Alma-Ata). Worked in the theatre. Read a course of lectures on the work of Shakespeare.

The third arrest came in 1949. Place of detention - Taishet lake camp. After his release (1955) he lived in Alma-Ata, and then he was allowed to register in his native Moscow.

A fatal work for the writer was the novel "Faculty of Useless Things", which he began in 1964. In 1978 this novel was printed in Russian in France. In the same year, Yuri Osipovich was mortally beaten near his home. Died in hospital May 29

"45": At the request of our publication, two essays about a great Russian writer, by the way, the author of wonderful poems (!), were sent by the poet Sergei Koltsov living in Riga. The first text was published in the almanac "Albion", which is edited by Sergey, and he prepared the second specially for the project-45 ...

The cat did not give

We met Yuri Dombrovsky at the Writers' House of Creativity in Golitsyno in April 1977.

Once I went to visit him, and he lived in one of the rooms of a one-story cottage. And he had a cat, and animals were not supposed to be kept in this institution. And suddenly Dombrovsky saw the director of the writers' house approaching the cottage. There is nothing to do but hide the cat. He took her, put her on the sofa and, adding that, they say, behave quietly, look, do not betray me, covered me with a pillow. The director came in, asked how the writer works, if everything is in order. In a word, quite an everyday conversation that lasted fifteen to twenty minutes.

The director said goodbye, Dombrovsky went to the sofa, lifted the pillow and released the cat from the "captivity". During the entire conversation, the cat did not make a sound, did not move, and lying under the dark weight of the pillow, I think, was not very sweet for her, but she did not betray Dombrovsky.

However, one of the guests nevertheless snitched that Dombrovsky had a cat, and she had to be taken away. Still, people are not animals, they are reasonable people and nothing human is alien to them.

Subsequently, after Dombrovsky's death, the director of the Writers' House told me that he knew about the cat, but pretended not to know anything. In general, he spoke very warmly about Yuri Osipovich - about this amazing and kindest person.

The last great book

How quickly, without looking back, time flies and flies away ... It seems that only yesterday in the House of Creativity of Writers "Golitsyno" I saw this extraordinary, surprisingly radiant person. It was the middle of the spring of 1977, and the next spring, at the end of May, he was gone. And he was born in May 1909.

In 2005, Yuri Dombrovsky's book "Messengers" was published in Moscow, dedicated to people whom the writer knew and loved well. The second part of the book consists of the memoirs of the writer's friends. I think it would be appropriate to quote some lines from them.

“He didn’t look like anyone, didn’t fit into any particular type ... A high forehead, a mop of disheveled black hair, lively, intelligent and at times cheerful eyes turned directly to you. In the figure, in the shoulders, in the gait, weakness often showed through, the seal of the path traveled. Suffering was in the face. But suffering merged with inspiration.

He knew how to feel and foresee, to instantly penetrate the secrets of the soul, into the meaning of the chain of facts and events. At the same time, his sharp thought was entirely subordinated to feeling - which is rare among people in modern times. It was the same in art and in life. But at the same time, one should not think that it was simple - it was very complex, it could not be “reduced to one denominator”. He hated those denominators."

Anna Berzer

“His work will live on. His books will enter world literature through the front doors. He had a deep mind, humor, sharpened like a Toledo blade, the nobility and pride of the Spanish grandee.

Arman Malumyan

“He always gave the impression of a bright, brilliant, festive, although many periods of his life were not at all festive, and financially he lived very modestly until the end. His knowledge was encyclopedic. Whatever topic in the field of literature, art, history, philosophy was not touched upon, Dombrovsky could talk about it for hours - with the deepest knowledge of the subject and always found his own, sharply original point of view on it.

Pavel Kosenko

“Freedom and personal dignity, the personal dignity of each of us, which is very easy to drop and at the same time win something fleeting, ephemeral, not let yourself lose yourself due to some external relief, benefits, adapt ... - this is what he does not could. And this is the rod that kept him with his head up all his life.

Yuri Davydov

“There were no strangers for him in any crowd, there were only strangers. He himself could only look like a stranger in some respectable environment, in an environment with a touch, however innocent, of refinement or caste distinction; in such a company it was as difficult to imagine him as in the presidium and in a tie.

His familiar sobriety and simplicity of looking at the world and history sometimes suggested that an outstanding politician could have come out of him - if organic nobility, directness and aversion to any self-interest had not interfered with this, or a great scientist - if he had not been an artist. However, the latter is inaccurate: the mind of the researcher and the artistic nature in him were just closely and capriciously combined; the masterly, somewhat muzhik-like realism of the attitude to the world sometimes gave rise to thoughtsand moves of an almost surrealist nature, but justified so soberly and simply, as if it could only be so, as he says.

Valentin Nepomniachtchi

... The last time I saw Yuri Osipovich Dombrovsky was at the end of 1977. We came to visit him with a Moscow writer. And when we left him, and we did not stay long, Alexander, that was the name of the writer, told me that Yura had written a book of his life. It was about the novel "Faculty of unnecessary things." I have one memory connected with this novel. In the summer of the same year, Dombrovsky received a letter informing him that his novel "Faculty ..." was being published in France. When he read about this, he immediately wanted to rush to the phone and call General Secretary Brezhnev L.I. He quickly and excitedly walked around the room and said that this was a provocation, that he did not send the novel abroad, etc. But he suddenly stopped, raised his head high and, vigilantly peering into the distance he alone knew, said: “No, I won’t call. Let it come out there."