The years of life of the scout Isaev. Biography of the scout Isaev Stirlitz. Maxim Maksimovich Isaev (Stirlitz) - Soviet intelligence officer. Who are you, Maxim Maksimych

A post about the Great Intelligence Officer, whose name is .... Yes, in other matters, you yourself know. Ladies and Gentlemen.
Maxim Maksimovich Isaev - Stirlitz - Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov. There is a story that once, Ernst Neizvestny asked Julian Semenov, for which Stirlitz received the title of Standartenführer. Semyonov did not find an answer, and the two Great Authors did not speak to each other for several years.

Max Otto von Stirlitz (German Max Otto von Stierlitz; aka Maxim Maksimovich Isaev, real name Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov) is a literary character, the hero of many works of Russian Soviet writer Yuliana Semyonova, SS Standartenführer, Soviet illegal spy who worked in the interests of the USSR in Nazi Germany and some other countries. All-Union fame for the image of Stirlitz was brought by Tatyana Lioznova's serial television film "Seventeen Moments of Spring" based on the novel of the same name, where Vyacheslav Tikhonov played his role. This character has become the most famously scout in Soviet and post-Soviet culture.

Contrary to popular belief, Stirlitz's real name is not Maxim Maksimovich Isaev, as can be assumed from Seventeen Moments of Spring, but Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov. The surname Isaev is presented by Yulian Semyonov as the operational pseudonym of Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov already in the first novel about him - “Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat”.

Maxim Maksimovich Isaev - Stirlitz - Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov - was born on October 8, 1900 ("Expansion - II") in Transbaikalia, where his parents were in political exile. According to Stirlitz himself, he spent some time in his childhood in the vicinity of the ancient Russian town of Gorokhovets. It should be noted that Yulian Semyonov does not say that his hero was born here: “Stirlitz realized that he was drawn to this particular lake, because he grew up on the Volga, near Gorokhovets, where there were exactly the same yellow-blue pines” . Gorokhovets itself stands on the Klyazma River and is far from the Volga. But Isaev could spend his childhood "on the Volga near Gorokhovets", since the Gorokhovets district that existed at that time was 4 times larger than the current Gorokhovets district and reached the Volga in the northern part.

Parents:
Father - Russian, Vladimir Alexandrovich Vladimirov, "professor of law at St. Petersburg University, fired for free thinking and proximity to social democracy circles." Attracted to the revolutionary movement by Georgy Plekhanov.
Mother - Ukrainian, Olesya Prokopchuk, died of consumption when her son was five years old.
The parents met and got married in exile. At the end of the exile, father and son returned to St. Petersburg, and then spent some time in exile, in Switzerland, in the cities of Zurich and Bern. Here, Vsevolod Vladimirovich showed a love for literary work. In Bern, he worked for a newspaper. Father and son returned to their homeland in 1917.

It is known that in 1911 Vladimirov Sr. and the Bolsheviks parted ways. Already after the revolution, in 1921 - while his son was in Estonia - Vladimir Vladimirov was sent on a business trip to Eastern Siberia and there he tragically died at the hands of the White Guards.

Maternal relatives:
Grandfather - Ostap Nikitich Prokopchuk, Ukrainian revolutionary democrat, also exiled to the Trans-Baikal exile with his children Olesya and Taras. After the exile, he returned to Ukraine, and from there to Krakow. He died in 1915.
Uncle - Taras Ostapovich Prokopchuk. In Krakow he married Wanda Krushanskaya. In 1918 he was shot.
Cousin - Ganna Tarasovna Prokopchuk. Two children. Professional activity: architect. In 1941, her entire family died in Nazi concentration camps ("The Third Map"). She died in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

In 1920, Vsevolod Vladimirov worked under the name of Captain Maxim Maksimovich Isaev in the press service of the Kolchak government.

In May 1921, the gangs of Baron Ungern, having seized power in Mongolia, tried to strike at Soviet Russia. Vsevolod Vladimirov, under the guise of a White Guard captain, penetrated Ungern's headquarters and handed over to his command the enemy's military-strategic plans.

In 1921, he was already in Moscow, “working for Dzerzhinsky” as an assistant to the head of the foreign department of the Cheka, Gleb Boky. From here, Vsevolod Vladimirov is sent to Estonia (“Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat”).

In 1922, the young Chekist underground Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov, on behalf of the leadership, was evacuated with white troops from Vladivostok to Japan, and from there he moved to Harbin (“No Password Needed”, “Tenderness”). Over the next 30 years, he is constantly in foreign work.

Meanwhile, in his homeland, he remains his only love for life and his son, who was born in 1923. The son's name was Alexander (the operational pseudonym in the intelligence of the Red Army is Kolya Grishanchikov), his mother was Alexandra Nikolaevna ("Major Whirlwind"), or Alexandra Romanovna ("Password is not needed") Gavrilina. Stirlitz first learns about his son in 1941 from an employee of the Soviet trade mission in Tokyo, where he leaves to meet with Richard Sorge. In the fall of 1944, SS Standartenführer von Stirlitz accidentally meets his son in Krakow - he is here as part of a reconnaissance and sabotage group ("Major Whirlwind").

From 1924 to 1927 Vsevolod Vladimirov lived in Shanghai.

In connection with the strengthening of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and the aggravation of the danger of Adolf Hitler's coming to power in Germany in 1927, it was decided to send Maxim Maksimovich Isaev from the Far East to Europe. For this, a legend was created about Max Otto von Stirlitz, a German aristocrat robbed in Shanghai, seeking protection in the German consulate in Sydney. In Australia, Stirlitz worked for some time in a hotel with a German owner associated with the NSDAP, after which he was transferred to New York.

From the party characteristics of a member of the NSDAP since 1933 von Stirlitz, SS Standartenführer

(VI Department of the RSHA): " True Aryan. Character - Nordic, seasoned. Supports with workmates a good relationship. Fulfills his duty without fail. Merciless to the enemies of the Reich. Excellent athlete: Berlin tennis champion. Single; he was not noticed in connections discrediting him. Marked with awards from the Fuhrer and thanks from the Reichsfuehrer SS ... "

During the Second World War, Stirlitz was an employee of the VI Department of the RSHA, which was in charge of SS Brigadeführer Walter Schellenberg. In operational work in the RSHA, he used the pseudonyms "Brunn" and "Bolsen". In 1938 he worked in Spain ("Spanish Variant"), in March-April 1941 - as part of the Edmund Weesenmeier group in Yugoslavia ("Alternative"), and in June - in Poland and in the occupied territory of Ukraine, where he communicated with Theodor Oberlender, Stepan Bandera and Andrey Melnik ("Third Map").

In 1943 he visited Smolensk, where he demonstrated exceptional courage under Soviet shelling.

At the end of the war, Joseph Stalin entrusted Stirlitz with a responsible task: to disrupt separate negotiations between the Germans and the West. Beginning in the summer of 1943, SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler, through his proxies, began to contact representatives of Western intelligence services in order to conclude separate peace. Thanks to the courage and intellect of Stirlitz, these negotiations were thwarted (“Seventeen Moments of Spring”). Of the Americans who negotiated behind the scenes with the leaders of the Third Reich, Yulian Semyonov points to Allen Dulles, who headed the American headquarters in Bern, the capital of Switzerland.

The head of the IV department of the RSHA was SS Gruppenführer Heinrich Müller, who exposed Stirlitz in April 1945, but the combination of circumstances and the chaos that happened during the storming of Berlin thwarted Müller's plans to use Stirlitz in the game against the command of the Red Army ("Ordered to Survive").

Stirlitz's favorite drink is Armenian cognac, his favorite cigarettes are Karo. He drives a Horch car. Unlike James Bond, Stirlitz treats women in cold blood (which does not exclude short-term bed episodes, as in the novel Ordered to Survive). To the calls of prostitutes, he usually answers: "No, coffee is better." A speech characteristic that is repeated from work to work: phrases often end with the question “No?” or "Isn't it?".

Before the end of the war, Stirlitz was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. After the end of World War II, Stirlitz was unconscious, wounded Soviet soldier, is exported by the Germans to Spain, from where it enters South America. There, he uncovers a conspiratorial network of Nazis who escaped from Germany.

During and after the Second World War, he worked under several pseudonyms: Bolsen, Brunn and others. As a name, he usually used variations of the name "Maxim": Max, Massimo ("Expansion").

In Argentina and Brazil, Stirlitz works with the American Paul Roman. Here they identify the secret Nazi organization "ODESSA", which is led by Muller, and then carry out the identification of the agent network and the capture of Muller. Realizing that after Winston Churchill's speech in Fulton and the "witch hunt" hosted by Hoover, Muller can escape punishment for his crimes, they decide to extradite him to the Soviet government. Stirlitz goes to the Soviet embassy, where he tells who he is, as well as information about Muller's whereabouts. Employees of the MGB carry out the arrest of Stirlitz and transport him to the USSR on a ship. Isaev goes to prison ("Despair"). There he meets Raoul Wallenberg and plays his own game. Meanwhile, his son and wife are being shot on Stalin's orders. After the death of Beria, Stirlitz is released.

A month after being awarded the Golden Star, he begins working at the Institute of History on the topic “National Socialism, Neo-Fascism; modifications of totalitarianism. After reviewing the text of the dissertation, the Secretary of the Central Committee, Mikhail Suslov, recommended that Comrade Vladimirov be given degree doctor of sciences without protection, and withdraw the manuscript, transferring it to a special depository ...

One more time he would meet his old acquaintances from the RSHA, former Nazis, in West Berlin in 1967 ("Bomb for the Chairman", 1970). This time, Isaev, aged but not losing his grip, managed to prevent the kidnapping. nuclear technology a private corporation and face a radical sect from Southeast Asia...

In addition to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded in 1945, as of 1940 he was awarded two more Orders of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner ("Major Whirlwind"). He also had awards from France, Poland, Yugoslavia and Norway ("Bomb for the Chairman").

In 1984, a multi-part radio show “Ordered to Survive” based on the novel of the same name was created on Mayak Radio. Director - Emil Wernick; staged by Sergei Karlov. The production was conceived as a radio continuation of the famous television movie "17 Moments of Spring": it sounded the same as in the film, the music of Mikael Tariverdiev, and the main roles were played by the same actors: Vyacheslav Tikhonov (Stirlitz), Leonid Bronevoy (Muller), Oleg Tabakov (Shellenberg). The text from the author was read by Mikhail Gluzsky.

Stirlitz is a character in one of the largest cycles of Soviet jokes, they usually parody the voice of the narrator, constantly commenting on Stirlitz's thoughts or the events of the film. In the series "Seventeen Moments of Spring" it was the voice of BDT actor Efim Kopelyan. On this basis, Yefim Zakharovich was called Yefim Zakadrovich behind his back.

A tradition has developed that the humor of many jokes about Stirlitz is based on the use of puns - some words (or their word forms or phrases) in the meaning of other words that sound the same (or their word forms, phrases). For example: “Stirlitz fired point-blank. The pressure has dropped." Or “Stirlitz opened the window - the barrel was blowing out of the window. Stirlitz closed the window - the barrel disappeared.

Prototypes
Semyonov, in an interview with Don magazine, admitted that creating Stirlitz, he pushed off from one of the very first Soviet intelligence agents, whom Dzerzhinsky, Postyshev and Blucher sent to Vladivostok occupied by the Japanese. But he absorbed and melted in himself the best features of later famous Soviet intelligence officers, such as Kuznetsov, Sorge, Abel and others. As Semyonov himself described it:

“If the writer knew them all well and through them deeply and fully felt his hero, he believed in him with all his being! - then, he, the hero, although fictional, collective, having absorbed the living soul and blood of the author, also becomes alive, concrete, individual.
Yulian Semyonov »
Below are other possible prototypes that, to one degree or another, influenced the creation of Stirlitz:

A possible prototype of the early Isaev is Yakov Grigorievich Blumkin (real name is Simkha-Yankev Gershevich Blumkin; pseudonyms: Isaev, Max, Vladimirov; date of birth unknown (circa 1900), exact date of death unknown (1929, Moscow)) - Russian revolutionary, Chekist, Soviet spy, terrorist and statesman. One of the founders of the Soviet intelligence services. In October 1921, Blyumkin, under the pseudonym Isaev (taken by his grandfather's name), goes to Revel (Tallinn) under the guise of a jeweler and, acting as a provocateur, reveals the foreign connections of Gokhran employees. It was this episode in the activities of Blumkin that Yulian Semyonov laid the basis for the plot of the book “Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat”.
Another possible prototype of Stirlitz is Willy Lehman, an SS Hauptsturmführer, an employee of the IV department of the RSHA (Gestapo). The German, a passionate horse race player, was recruited in 1936 by Soviet intelligence, whose employee lent him money after losing, and then offered to supply secret information for a good fee (according to another version, Willy Lehman independently went to Soviet intelligence, guided by ideological considerations). He bore the operational pseudonym "Breitenbach". In the RSHA he was engaged in countering Soviet industrial espionage.
Willy Lehman failed in 1942, under circumstances close to those described by Yulian Semyonov: his radio operator Bart, an anti-fascist, during a surgical operation, under anesthesia, began to talk about ciphers and communications with Moscow, and the doctors signaled to the Gestapo. In December 1942, Willy Lehman was arrested and shot a few months later. The fact of the betrayal of the SD officer was hidden - even the wife of Willy Lehman was informed that her husband had died after falling under a train. The story of Willy Lehmann is told in the memoirs of Walter Schellenberg, from which Yulian Semyonov apparently borrowed it.
A likely prototype of Stirlitz could be Sergei Mikhalkov's brother, Mikhail Mikhalkov. Yulian Semyonov was married to Ekaterina, the daughter of Natalya Petrovna Konchalovskaya from her first marriage. Here are the facts of the biography of Mikhail Mikhalkov: at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War served in a special department of the Southwestern Front. In September 1941, he was captured, escaped and continued to serve behind enemy lines as an illegal agent, supplying the intelligence agencies of the Red Army with important operational information. In 1945, during a battle in a German uniform, he crossed the front line and was detained by the military counterintelligence SMERSH. On charges of collaborating with German intelligence served five years in prison, first in the Lefortovo prison, later in one of the camps on Far East. In 1956 he was rehabilitated. Perhaps (and most likely) Yulian Semyonov learned part of Stirlitz's story from the family stories of Mikhail Mikhalkov

Instruction

The hero of 14 works of Yulian Semyonov was born thanks to the writer's acquaintance with Rudolf Abel, who became one of the prototypes of the literary hero. But Stirlitz is a collective image. Its prototypes were Willy Leman, who was shot by the Nazis in 1942, and Isay Isaevich Borovoy, and a number of fighters of the invisible front.

Fame for the literary character was brought by the twelve-episode television film "Seventeen Moments of Spring", based on the novel of the same name from the trilogy "Position" directed by Tamara Lioznova in 1973.

The character played by Vyacheslav Tikhonov has forever grown together with his performer, and, subsequently, for many years the artist had to break the stereotype that had developed about himself. Which, however, he always succeeded brilliantly. But, meanwhile, the visual image of the hero created by Yulian Semenov will forever be assigned to the appearance of Vyacheslav Tikhonov.

In the film "Seventeen Moments of Spring" Stirlitz is shown in the last months of World War II, when one of his main tasks, set Soviet command, there was a disruption of the operation "Sunrise" / "Crossword": negotiations between representatives of the special services of Nazi Germany and the United States on the surrender of part of the German troops, and to conclude a separate peace bypassing the USSR.

Having gone through many difficult moments, with the help of a cunningly invented intrigue, being under the constant threat of exposure, Stirlitz completes the task and saves people who have become close to him.

Stirlitz is a hero of two times: the one during which the book hero lives and acts and the time when the film was created. The book hero, by the will of the author, was more free in his actions and decisions, mistakes and miscalculations.

The hero of the film was born in an era of ossifying stagnation. So he is like real man, could not be wrong in principle. If not for the saving talent of Vyacheslav Tikhonov, with his ability to remain silent in the frame and play reflection for long movie seconds - by the way, now this ability is completely lost among modern artists - then the Stirlitz meme might not have been born.

A hero who is "a warrior alone in the field", a person who independently makes decisions and does his hard work, not because of his loyalty to the party and the government, but only because such are his convictions, could not help but arouse the subconscious admiration of the masses, whose life was regulated to the limit.

Not for a second, the uninterrupted thought process of the cinematic Stirlitz caused a storm of quiet delight. To see how a person reflects, analyzes, thinks intensely, constantly, and the action moves exclusively after his thought process - it was unexpectedly beautiful and exciting. No wonder in the science of socionics the name "Stirlitz" was assigned to one of the psychotypes, characterized as a logical-sensory extrovert.

The name Stirlitz is on everyone's lips. Who is he? Is this a fictional character or a real person? When did he live? Why are they talking about him now? You will find answers to these questions in the article.

So who is Stirlitz? This is the most famous. Any representative of the older generation in the CIS will answer without hesitation that this is famous character novels by Yulian Semyonov. An experienced and inveterate spy from "17 Moments of Spring", talentedly played in the movie by Vyacheslav Tikhonov. Expressions from this legendary film have long become winged and are known to almost everyone. And there are many anecdotes about the famous SS Standartenführer.

Max Otto von Stirlitz, also known as Maxim Maksimovich Isaev, is found in more than one work by Semenov. Gradually, they reveal his origin, interests and how the young Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov becomes first Maxim Isaev, and then Stirlitz.

Spy biography

The parents of the outstanding intelligence officer met in Transbaikalia, where they were exiled for their political views. Vsevolod was born on October 8, 1900. After 5 years, his mother could not cope with consumption and died.

The young intelligence officer began working under the pseudonym Isaev already in 1920. During this period, he acts as an employee of the press service. A year later, Vladimirov works as deputy head of the foreign department of the Cheka. Then, in 1921, he was sent to Estonia.

The underground activity of the young Chekist is rapidly gaining momentum, in 1922, introduced into the White Guard troops, he ends up in Manchuria. For the next 30 years, he has been collecting intelligence for the benefit of the Motherland far beyond its borders.

The appearance of Stirlitz

Who is Stirlitz? This is the same young intelligence officer Maxim Isaev. In 1927, he was transferred from Europe to troubled Germany, where the Nazi Party was gaining strength. It was then that the representative of the German aristocracy, Max Otto von Stirlitz, appeared.

During the Second World War, Colonel Isaev worked in the main department of imperial security. For his numerous and undeniable services to the Fatherland, Vsevolod Vladimirov received the title of Hero. But despite this, in 1947 Stirlitz ends up in a Soviet prison, where he plays his own game.

Personal life

Unlike his literary and film colleagues, Stirlitz is extremely cold and indifferent to the opposite sex. This is explained by no means by the insensitivity and callousness of the scout, but by the fact that there is no free space in his heart. Love for Alexandra Nikolaevna Gavrilina, who remained at home, the spy carried through his whole life. Despite the long separation, this woman responded to him in the same way and even gave birth to a child from him in 1923, which Maxim Maksimovich learns about only in 1941.

Unfortunately, Yulian Semenov did not provide for his hero a happy family life, on the orders of Stirlitz and his son will be shot in 1947.

To know everything about Stirlitz, you will have to read 14 novels about this hero.

The nature, interests and passions of Stirlitz

How was Stirlitz's youth? What was he really like? Being with his father in Bern during the emigration, young Vsevolod worked part-time in a newspaper. Largely due to this, the future spy acquired an interest and love for literature.

Vladimirov has all the qualities necessary for a scout. He is smart, prudent and cold-blooded. Able to quickly analyze, evaluate and orient in any situation.

Vsevolod would never have turned into Maxim Isaev, and even more so Stirlitz, had he not been a good actor and psychologist. These skills were the best way to help him so skillfully infiltrate any enemy team and create the appearance of good relations with forced colleagues.

From alcoholic beverages, Stirlitz prefers noble cognac. Although sometimes he can afford a mug of cold light beer.

Stirlitz prototypes

There are many assumptions about who could be the prototype of this well-known intelligence agent throughout the post-Soviet space. One can only guess whose features Semyonov endowed his hero with.

What did Stirlitz look like? You see a photo of a person in the article. This is how the creator of the image saw it. It is known for certain that the author found inspiration by scrupulously studying the archives of the special services. Every story about Stirlitz hides real events and people. Those whose names were hidden by pseudonyms and spy legends, and declassified only after many years.

Of course, the literary hero was not without artistic exaggerations. For example, Stirlitz is characterized not just as a good tennis player, but as a Berlin champion in this sport. IN real life it would hardly have been possible to combine hard work in intelligence with constant training and competition.

Who is Stirlitz? Film "17 Moments of Spring"

The famous film has become legendary for more than 40 years. The premiere of this cult picture was watched by 200,000,000 people.

Today it is simply impossible to imagine Stirlitz performed by another actor. But there were candidates besides Tikhonov, who, in general, turned out to be involved in the film by chance.

Archil Gomiashvili auditioned for this role, but he did not fit in some of the parameters presented by Yulian Semyonov. But he could not leave his native theater for such a long time (the shooting lasted 3 years).

Before the tests, Vyacheslav Tikhonov was made up, rewarding with a magnificent mustache. Such an external image of a scout plunged him into shock. But after some modifications and the willingness of the actor to devote himself entirely to this film, due to the lack of other work, it was he who was approved for the role.

On-screen Maxim Isaev brought the actor, in addition to popular recognition, fame and love of women, also an order.

Tikhonov harmoniously complemented the picture not only with his acting, but also offered the director a scene with his wife, who did not originally exist in the script. He was prompted by a friend's story about a meeting of his colleagues from the special services with their wives during their work abroad.

Some inconsistencies and facts

Stirlitz is a man entwined with secrets and mysteries. Here are some inconsistencies and facts that are perplexing:

In fact, the name of the famous intelligence officer does not exist. Although there is a close-sounding Stieglitz. In addition, there was a real historical character, Vice Admiral of the German Navy Ernst Stieglitz.
Despite his outstanding espionage skills, Maxim Isaev would hardly have been able to infiltrate such high ranks. The Nazis were too meticulous in checking the SS officers. He would have to take the place of an existing German with an impeccable reputation for several generations, and not just provide real documents.
Even lower-ranking colleagues do not use the prefix "von" when referring to Stirlitz. This is allowed, but in those years it was still a rarity. Moreover, according to legend, Stirlitz has a noble origin.
In all divisions of the NSDAP, smoking was under the strictest ban. The police were not allowed to smoke in work time. Isaev easily violates this rule.
The pub in which the scout liked to spend time - "Rough Gottlieb" is in fact the restaurant "Last resort" in Berlin.
And the restaurant beloved by the hero, where Stirlitz meets his wife, is not at all in Germany, but in the Czech Republic.

Who is Stirlitz? This is a man of mystery, about which it is difficult to say something unequivocally. Whether this person actually lived or not is difficult to answer. Everyone has their own opinion on this matter. But in any case, the image is quite interesting. Is not it?

Max Otto von Stirlitz (German Max Otto von Stierlitz; aka Maxim Maksimovich Isaev, real name Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov) is a literary character, the hero of many works by the Russian Soviet writer Julian Semyonov, SS Standartenführer, Soviet intelligence agent who worked in the interests of the USSR in Nazi Germany and some other countries.

Source: literary works Yuliana Semyonova, TV movie "Seventeen Moments of Spring".

Role played by: Vyacheslav Tikhonov

All-Union fame for the image of Stirlitz was brought by Tatyana Lioznova's serial television film "Seventeen Moments of Spring" based on the novel of the same name, where Vyacheslav Tikhonov played his role. This character has become the most famous image of a spy in Soviet and post-Soviet culture, comparable to James Bond in Western culture.

Biography

Maxim Maksimovich Isaev - Stirlitz - Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov - was born on October 8, 1900 ("Expansion-2") in Transbaikalia, where his parents were in political exile.

Mother - Ukrainian, Olesya Prokopchuk, died of consumption when her son was five years old.

The parents met and got married in exile. At the end of the exile, father and son returned to St. Petersburg, and then spent some time in exile, in Switzerland, in the cities of Zurich and Bern. Here, Vsevolod Vladimirovich showed a love for literary work. In Bern, he worked for a newspaper. Father and son returned to their homeland in 1917. It is known that in 1911 Vladimirov Sr. and the Bolsheviks parted ways. Already after the revolution, in 1921 - while his son was in Estonia - Vladimir Vladimirov was sent on a business trip to Eastern Siberia and tragically died there at the hands of white bandits.

Maternal relatives:

Grandfather - Ostap Nikitich Prokopchuk, Ukrainian revolutionary democrat, also exiled to the Trans-Baikal exile with his children Olesya and Taras. After the exile, he returned to Ukraine, and from there to Krakow. He died in 1915.

Uncle - Taras Ostapovich Prokopchuk. In Krakow he married Wanda Krushanskaya. In 1918 he was shot.

Cousin - Ganna Tarasovna Prokopchuk. Two children. Professional activity: architect. In 1941, her entire family died in fascist concentration camps ("The Third Map"). She died in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

In 1920, Vsevolod Vladimirov worked under the name of Captain Maxim Maksimovich Isaev in the press service of the Kolchak government.

In 1921, he was already in Moscow, “working for Dzerzhinsky” as an assistant to the head of the foreign department of the Cheka, Gleb Bokiy. From here, Vsevolod Vladimirov is sent to Estonia (“Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat”).

Meanwhile, in his homeland, he remains his only love for life and his son, who was born in 1923. The son's name was Alexander (operational pseudonym in the intelligence of the Red Army - Kolya Grishanchikov), his mother - Alexandra Nikolaevna Gavrilina ("Major Whirlwind"). Stirlitz first learns about his son in 1941 from an employee of the Soviet trade mission in Tokyo, where he leaves to meet with Richard Sorge. In the fall of 1944, SS Standartenführer von Stirlitz accidentally meets his son in Krakow - he is here as part of a reconnaissance and sabotage group ("Major Whirlwind").

From 1924 to 1927 Vsevolod Vladimirov lived in Shanghai.

From the party characteristics of a member of the NSDAP since 1933 von Stirlitz, SS Standartenführer (VI department of the RSHA): “A true Aryan. Character - Nordic, seasoned. Maintains good relations with co-workers. Fulfills his duty without fail. Merciless to the enemies of the Reich. Excellent athlete: Berlin tennis champion. Single; he was not noticed in connections discrediting him. Marked with awards from the Fuhrer and thanks from the Reichsfuehrer SS ... "

During the Second World War, Stirlitz was an employee of the VI department of the RSHA, which was in charge of SS Brigadeführer Walter Schellenberg. In operational work in the RSHA, he used the pseudonyms "Brunn" and "Bolsen". In 1938 he worked in Spain ("Spanish Variant"), in March-April 1941 - as part of the Edmund Weesenmeier group in Yugoslavia ("Alternative"), and in June - in Poland and in the occupied territory of Ukraine, where he communicated with Theodor Oberlender, Stepan Bandera and Andrey Melnik ("Third Map").

In 1943 he visited Stalingrad, where he demonstrated exceptional courage under Soviet shelling.

At the end of the war, Joseph Stalin entrusted Stirlitz with a responsible task: to disrupt separate negotiations between the Germans and the West. Beginning in the summer of 1943, SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler, through his proxies, began to make contacts with representatives of Western intelligence agencies in order to conclude a separate peace. Thanks to the courage and intellect of Stirlitz, these negotiations were thwarted (“Seventeen Moments of Spring”).

Of the Americans who negotiated behind the scenes with the leaders of the Third Reich, Yulian Semyonov points to Allen Dulles, who headed the American headquarters in Bern, the capital of Switzerland.

Stirlitz's favorite drink is Armenian cognac, his favorite cigarettes are Karo. He drives a Horch car. Unlike James Bond, Stirlitz treats women in cold blood. To the calls of prostitutes, he usually answers: "No, coffee is better." A speech characteristic that is repeated from work to work: phrases often end with the question “No?” or "Isn't it?".

Before the end of the war, Stirlitz was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. After the end of World War II, an unconscious Stirlitz, wounded by a Soviet soldier, was taken by the Germans to Spain, from where he ended up in South America. There, he uncovers a conspiratorial network of fascists who have fled Germany.

During and after the Second World War, he worked under several pseudonyms: Bolsen, Brunn and others. As a name, he usually used variations of the name "Maxim": Max, Massimo ("Expansion").

A month after being awarded the Golden Star, he begins working at the Institute of History on the topic “National Socialism, Neo-Fascism; modifications of totalitarianism. After reviewing the text of the dissertation, Mikhail Suslov, Secretary of the Central Committee, recommended that Comrade Vladimirov be awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Science without defense, and that the manuscript be withdrawn and transferred to a special depository ...

One more time he would meet his old RSHA acquaintances, former Nazis, in West Berlin in 1967 ("Bomb for the Chairman"). This time, Isaev, aged but not losing his grip, managed to prevent the theft of nuclear technology by a private corporation and faced a radical sect from Southeast Asia...

jokes

Stirlitz is a character in one of the largest cycles of Soviet jokes, usually they parody the voice of the narrator, constantly commenting on Stirlitz's thoughts or the events of the film. In the series "Seventeen Moments of Spring" it was the voice of BDT actor Efim Kopelyan.

Interesting Facts

In fact, the German surname Sti(e)rlitz does not exist; the closest similar one is Stieglitz (Stieglitz - "goldfinch" (Carduelis carduelis)), also known in Russia. Also during the Second World War in the Third Reich was Vice Admiral Ernst Schirlitz (Schirlitz) - the commander of the German fleet in the Atlantic.

Being an impostor, Stirlitz actually could not have served in the SS in such a high position, since the Nazi security services checked the identity of each candidate for several generations. To pass such a test, Stirlitz had to not only have genuine identification documents, but replace the real German Max Stirlitz, who really lived in Germany and looked like him in appearance. Although such substitutions are practiced by the special services when introducing illegal immigrants, in reality, all sources of Soviet intelligence in the upper echelons of the Reich, which are now known, were recruited by Germans or anti-fascist Germans.

Stirlitz graduated from the university, specialized in quantum mechanics. This was also easy to verify. Quantum mechanics was at that time a relatively young science. The scientists involved in it were well known.

Stirlitz is the tennis champion of Berlin. This fact is also easy to verify. This untruth would have been immediately revealed, but Stirlitz-Isaev certainly became the champion, without deception. He had time for this.

Stirlitz is addressed as "Stirlitz", not "von Stirlitz". In principle, such treatment is allowed, especially in cases where the bearer of the surname does not have a noble title (count, baron, and others). But in those years there was less such “democratism” in Germany, all the more strange to hear an appeal without a “background” from subordinate persons.

Stirlitz smokes, which is contrary to the anti-smoking policy in the Third Reich. In 1939, the NSDAP introduced a smoking ban in all its institutions, and Heinrich Himmler banned SS and police officers from smoking during working hours.

Favorite beer Shtirlitsa - "Rough Gottlieb". In it, he dined with Pastor Schlag, rested with a glass of beer, after breaking away from the "tail" of Mueller's agents. The well-known Berlin restaurant "Zur letzten Instanz" (Last instance) was filmed in the "role" of this pub.

Prototypes

It is traditionally believed that the Soviet intelligence officer Richard Sorge became one of the prototypes of Stirlitz, but there are no facts of biographical coincidences between Stirlitz and Sorge.

Another possible prototype of Stirlitz is Willy Lehman, an SS Hauptsturmführer, an employee of the IV department of the RSHA (Gestapo). The German, a passionate horse race player, was recruited in 1936 by Soviet intelligence, whose employee lent him money after losing, and then offered to supply secret information for a good fee (according to another version, Willy Lehman independently went to Soviet intelligence, guided by ideological considerations). He bore the operational pseudonym "Breitenbach". In the RSHA he was engaged in countering Soviet industrial espionage.

Willy Lehman failed in 1942, under circumstances close to those described by Yulian Semyonov: his radio operator Bart, an anti-fascist, during a surgical operation, under anesthesia, began to talk about ciphers and communications with Moscow, and the doctors signaled to the Gestapo. In December 1942, Willy Lehman was arrested and shot a few months later. The fact of the betrayal of such a high-ranking SS officer was hidden - even the wife of Willy Lehman was informed that her husband had died after falling under a train. The story of Willy Lehmann is told in the memoirs of Walter Schellenberg, from which Yulian Semyonov apparently borrowed it.

According to the Vesti newspaper, the prototype of Stirlitz was the Soviet intelligence officer Isai Isaevich Borovoy, who lived in Germany from the late 1920s, and later worked in Himmler's department. In 1944 he was arrested, after the death of Stalin he was the main witness for the prosecution at the trial in the Beria case.

A very likely prototype of Stirlitz could be Sergei Mikhalkov's brother, Mikhail Mikhalkov. Yulian Semyonov was married to Ekaterina, the daughter of Natalya Petrovna Konchalovskaya from her first marriage. Here are the facts of the biography of Mikhail Mikhalkov: at the beginning of World War II, he served in a special department of the South-Western Front. In September 1941, he was captured, escaped and continued to serve behind enemy lines as an illegal agent, supplying the intelligence agencies of the Red Army with important operational information. In 1945, during a battle in a German uniform, he crossed the front line and was detained by the military counterintelligence SMERSH. On charges of collaborating with German intelligence, he served five years in prison, first in the Lefortovo prison, later in one of the camps in the Far East. In 1956 he was rehabilitated. Perhaps (and most likely) Yulian Semyonov learned part of the history of Stirlitz from the family stories of Mikhail Mikhalkov.

Movie incarnations

In addition to Vyacheslav Tikhonov, who, of course, is the main "movie face" of Stirlitz, other actors also played this character. In total, five novels were filmed, where Stirlitz or Maxim Maksimovich Isaev acts. The role of Stirlitz in these films was performed by:

Rodion Nakhapetov ("No Password Needed", 1967)
Vladimir Ivashov (Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, 1975)
Uldis Dumpis ("Spanish Version") (in the film, the hero's name is Walter Schulz)
Vsevolod Safonov (The Life and Death of Ferdinand Luce)
Daniil Strakhov (Isaev, 2009 - television adaptation of the novels Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, No Password Needed, and the story Tenderness).

Quotes from the movie "Seventeen Moments of Spring"

Don't trust someone who scares you bad weather in Switzerland. It is very sunny and warm here.

Have I given anyone a thrashing? I am old, a kind person who lowers his hands.

You don't have cognac.
- I have cognac.
- So you don't have salami.
- I have salami.
- So, we eat from the same feeder.

And you, Stirlitz, I will ask you to stay.

In love, I'm Einstein!

Truly: if you smoke American cigarettes, they will say that you have sold your Motherland.

Which products do you prefer - our production, or ...
- Or. It may not be patriotic, but I prefer products made in America or France.

You've got the wrong number, mate. You have the wrong number.

You know too much. You will be buried with honors after a car accident.

If you get shot down (in war, as in war), you will have to destroy the letter before you unfasten the straps of your parachute.
- I won't be able to do this, as I will be dragged along the ground. But the first thing I do when I unfasten my parachute is destroy the letter.

Little lies breed big mistrust.

Are you complaining about your memory?
- I drink iodine.
- And I - vodka.
- Where can I get money for vodka?
- Take bribes.

He'll wake up in exactly twenty minutes.

Now you can't trust anyone. Even to yourself. I can.

A strange property of my physiognomy: it seems to everyone that they saw me somewhere.

Do you have canned fish? I'm going crazy without fish. Phosphorus, you know, is required by nerve cells.
- Which production do you prefer, ours or...
- Or. It may be unpatriotic, but I prefer products made in America or in France.

Do your kidneys hurt?
- No.
- It's a pity.

Heil, Hitler!
- Come on. Ringing in the ears.

A good adjutant is like a hunting dog. It is indispensable for hunting, and if the exterior is good, other hunters envy.

What two people know, the pig knows.

I will play the defense of the Karakan, only you, please do not interfere with me.

I know your testimony! I read them, listened to them on tape. And they suited me - until this morning. And since this morning they have ceased to suit me.

I love silent people. If this is a friend, then a friend. If it's an enemy, then it's an enemy.

I asked for new Swiss blades to be delivered to me. Where? Where... Who did the checking?

I'll come right now, go write me a couple of formulas.
- Swear!
- For me to die.

Clarity is a form of complete fog.

From whose biographies the prototype of the most beloved Soviet intelligence officer was formed

Elusive Stirlitz ( Maxim Maksimovich Isaev) is the most adored intelligence officer in Soviet and post-Soviet culture. None of these characters even come close to his fame. Anyone who has ever watched the movie Tatyana Lioznova"Seventeen Moments of Spring", the question arose: was Stirlitz there? And if so, how was his fate?

Who are you, Maxim Maksimych?

Unanimous opinion about who could serve as the prototype of the famous Standartenfuehrer for Yuliana Semenova, the author of the epic about Stirlitz, is still not there. In the late 60s, the writer was given an honorable task: to write an ideologically inspiring work about the feat of a Soviet intelligence officer.

In order for the plot to correspond to reality as much as possible, by personal order Yuri Andropov(at that time the chairman of the KGB) the writer was allowed to enter the holy of holies, was allowed to see the documents, which, as they say, must be burned before reading. Thus, in the biography of Stirlitz, facts from the life of several Soviet residents were intertwined.

Or a spy or a champion

Stirlitz, as you know, was the tennis champion of Berlin. Among the Soviet intelligence officers, only one professionally owned a racket, and also played football very well -. But to be a spy and at the same time a real champion in any kind of sport is simply impossible - an athlete needs constant training, and the best among them are always under the closest attention of various organizations, the press and just curious.

For Alexander, the path to intelligence began precisely from the tennis court, where he was noticed by representatives of domestic special services. Soon, on the recommendation, he came to work at the Lubyanka. He began his journey in a very unusual way - as an elevator operator, and only then “went upstairs”.

At first there was a boring position of a clerk in the foreign department. But the guy liked it and was sent for individual training: he learned to wield several types of weapons, perfectly studied German, completed a course in driving a car and after a few years was sent abroad.

Korotkov led a group created to eliminate traitors to the motherland, and worked in France. Already in the late 30s, his name was well known to those who were supposed to. But before the onset of the new year, 1939, Korotkov, along with several colleagues, was obliged to appear at Beria, who informed the agents that they were no longer needed.

Korotkov was furious. He decided on the unprecedented: he wrote Lavrenty Pavlovich a letter in which he dared to demand, without unnecessary "curtseys", that he be reinstated at work. To everyone's amazement, no tragic consequences happened: on the contrary, Korotkov was returned and sent to serve in Berlin.

There is a version that it was he who first transferred Germany to the USSR back in March 1941. In the early 40s, being under close surveillance, Korotkov managed to establish contact with the underground group "Red Chapel" and sent their valuable information to the USSR and the allied countries.

Good guy in a hat

Another prototype of Stirlitz is considered to be a scout who worked under the pseudonym Breitenbach. It was he who, on June 19, 1941, transmitted information to the USSR that in three days Germany would attack Soviet Union. It was, at one time he himself expressed a desire to work for Soviet intelligence - he categorically did not share the fascist ideology. Like Stirlitz, Leman was a Gestapo officer, an SS Hauptsturmführer, and of all intelligence officers, he held a position most similar to that prepared by Yulian Semenov for his Stirlitz.

But Leman certainly looked strikingly different from the handsome Tikhonov. The bald little kind man with poor health did not arouse suspicion in anyone; it was impossible to think that he was an enemy agent.

Meanwhile, the information he transmitted was the most valuable: it concerned the production of self-propelled guns, the development of chemical weapons and newest species fuel, as well as changes in the personnel of the German secret services and the secret plans of the Gestapo.

Leman sewed his reports into the lining of his hat. Another Soviet agent, whom Leman met in a cafe, had exactly the same one. There was an imperceptible exchange of headdresses, and, as they say, it's in the hat.

When Leman was exposed in 1942, the top of the SS was in shock: for 13 years they were led by the nose by a Soviet agent! Leman was hastily shot by order Himmler, and his case was urgently destroyed before it reached the Fuhrer. Lehman's family found out about the true causes of his death only after the end of the war.

rich heir

Another prototype of Stirlitz -. Having won for the Spanish Republicans in the mid-30s, he returned to Moscow and received an offer to become a scout. His specialization was encrypted radio communications.

Gurevich started the case in Brussels, where he received a pseudonym Vincent Sierra. Then he became a member of the famous "Red Chapel", where he acquired the call sign Kent. While working in Brussels, Anatoly married the daughter of a local wealthy industrialist and, probably the only one of the real Soviet people, became a rich heir to "unearned income."

It was thanks to the information transmitted by Gurevich that the Red Army was able to win several important victories in the autumn of 1941. But almost at the same time, evil fate overtook Gurevich: his transmitter was located, the codes were hacked, and the German counterintelligence was connected to the radio game. The scout and his wife managed to escape to France, but they were soon arrested. Only then Margaret found out that her husband was a Soviet spy. The lady was not pleased at all.

Miraculously, the couple managed to survive, but their marriage was doomed. When the war ended, Anatoly broke up with his wife and returned to Russia. Here again a prison was waiting for him - the leaders of Soviet intelligence were not going to stand on ceremony with a failed agent. Gurevich was “weighed out” for 25 years for treason, but nevertheless he was released a little earlier, in 1960. All charges against the intelligence officer were dropped only after 30 years, and Gurevich himself lived to be 96 years old and died in Moscow in 2009.

Yulian Semenov himself repeatedly said that one of the main prototypes of Stirlitz was, whom the writer knew personally. Norman's father Mikhail Borodin- ally Lenin- he himself was a Soviet intelligence officer, worked in a diplomatic mission in China, served as an adviser to the then Chinese leader Sun Yat Sen. When Sun Yat-sen died, it became very dangerous to stay in the East. Soviet diplomats managed to take Borodin out of the country, and his son, 16-year-old Norman, was transported to the USSR as part of a ballet troupe Isadora Duncan who was touring in China at the time. The handsome young man was dressed as a girl.

Norman spoke English like a native. Already at the age of 19, he worked in the foreign department of the NKVD, and the first task was entrusted to him when the guy was 25 years old: he went to the USA as an illegal resident, receiving a pseudonym Granite. Despite such a nickname, the position of the agent was extremely vulnerable: he could not even count on the help of the Soviet embassy. After the betrayal of one of his colleagues, Borodin was urgently recalled from the States, but upon his return to Moscow he was fired from intelligence. He managed to return only with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

He was sent to Berlin where he established a reliable network. At the same time, under the guise of a volunteer, Norman worked in the Swiss branch of the Red Cross.

After returning to Moscow, Borodin became a correspondent, and in vain! He was completely disillusioned with Soviet reality. The former spy even wrote to Stalin: does the great leader know what is going on around him? The "answer" was the arrest of his father, who, unable to bear the torture, died in prison.

Then it was the son's turn. But Borodin Jr. was lucky: he was sent to Karaganda. There he met Yulian Semyonov and the brothers Weiners. After hearing the incredible story of Borodin's life, Semyonov asked permission to use part of Norman's biography in a new novel about Stirlitz.

Some time after Stalin's death, Borodin was able to return to Moscow, all charges against him were dropped, he again worked in the KGB. Borodin accepted the most Active participation in the work on the film "Seventeen Moments of Spring" as a consultant. But the credits indicate his fictitious name: Andropov ordered it to be classified.

From tragedy to anecdote

Some researchers also consider the prototypes of Stirlitz Mikhail Mikhalkov, brother famous writer, as well as a young employee of the Cheka Yakov Blyumkin, whose activities in Soviet intelligence also ended in arrests, and in the case of Blumkin, and execution.

As a prototype of Stirlitz is often mentioned Richard Sorge, who became Soviet intelligence officer No. 1. But a detailed study of his biography casts doubt on this version, there are practically no coincidences in the biographies of the real and literary intelligence officers, except that they both worked in Shanghai for some time.

The invented Stirlitz with recognition of merit was a little more fortunate than real intelligence officers. There is a legend that Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, being a big fan of the film about Stirlitz, somehow asked if Isaev was given a Hero. Having received no answer to the question, Brezhnev ordered that this be done immediately.