Duels - eternal theme in Russian history. One of them claimed the life of the great Pushkin, the other - Lermontov, who was following him to the poetic Olympus.
A quarrel that took place on July 13 in the Verzilins' house led to the duel between Lermontov and Martynov. The poet was in the house of General Verzilin. The guests gathered there and had a lively conversation. Lermontov was sitting on the sofa with the owner's daughter, Emilia Alexandrovna. At the other end of the hall, Prince Trubetskoy was playing the piano. Martynov and Nadezhda Petrovna Verzilina were talking nearby.
Mikhail Yuryevich told his interlocutor jokingly, nodding towards Martynov, so that she should be careful when dealing with this terrible highlander. At that moment, Trubetskoy stopped playing, and the words of the poet sounded distinctly in the hall. Those present laughed merrily.
The pride of Nikolai Solomonovich was hurt. The matter was aggravated by the fact that there was a lady in the hall, for whom Martynov had certain feelings. The ridicule of her in his address brought the retired major out of himself. He "exploded" and sharply said that he no longer intended to endure the mockery of Mr. Lermontov, although he endured them for a long time. However, Mikhail Yurievich did not take this statement seriously. He turned to his interlocutor and remarked: “It happens. Tomorrow we will reconcile and become good friends.”
However, after the evening, when the friends left Verzilin's house, a conversation took place between them in raised tones. At the same time, the poet Lermontov did not try to smooth out the conflict, to apologize to Martynov for his tactlessness. And the excited conversation ended with the challenge of Mikhail Yurievich to a duel. The reason was the sarcastic nature of the poet and his sharp tongue.
It would seem that the quarrel quickly died down, but Martynov, touched to the quick by Lermontov's phrase, was angry enough. Martynov's closest friend, Glebov, begged him to refuse the duel. But in vain.
Eyewitnesses recalled that when Lermontov and Martynov stood facing each other at a distance of fifteen sazhens, the storm raged desperately. Martynov, approaching the barrier and seeing that Lermontov lowered his pistol and did not want to shoot, shouted to him:
"Shoot or I'll kill you!"
“I don’t tend to shoot myself over trifles,” answered Lermontov.
"But I'm in the habit," Martynov objected, and began aiming.
He aimed at Lermontov, who did not raise his pistol, for so long that the witnesses shouted to him: “Shoot, or we will divorce you!”
Duel of Lermontov and Martynov. (wikipedia.org)
“Martynov fired so accurately that Lermontov fell,” said Prince Vasilchikov, who was at the same time, “as if he was mowed down on the spot, without making a movement, either back or forward. The bullet pierced his heart and lungs. The storm rumbled and howled mournfully, the thunder rumbled deafeningly, and the lightning flashed dazzlingly.
According to Prince Vasilchikov, Lermontov joked all the way to the place of the duel, saying that he himself would not shoot, and Martynov would not shoot either. Lermontov continued to joke even when the pistols were being loaded. Vasilchikov saw from Martynov's face that he would shoot and warned Lermontov that this was not a joke. Throwing up his pistol, Lermontov turned away, smiled contemptuously and shook his head. Martynov ran to the barrier, took aim for a long time and fired his terrible shot. Lermontov sat down and then fell.
Lermontov's last fight. (wikipedia.org)
The official announcement of the poet's death read: “On the 15th of July, at about 5 o'clock in the evening, a terrible storm broke out with thunder and lightning; at this very time, between the mountains Mashuk and Beshtau, M. Yu. Lermontov, who was treated in Pyatigorsk, died.
In his memoirs, P. P. Vyazemsky, according to the adjutant wing of Colonel Luzhin, noted that Nicholas I responded to this by saying: "To a dog - a dog's death." However, after grand duchess Maria Pavlovna “flared up and reacted to these words with bitter reproach,” the emperor, going into another room to those who remained after the service, announced: “Gentlemen, news has been received that the one who could replace Pushkin for us has been killed.”
Lermontov on the bed. (wikipedia.org)
Lermontov's funeral took place on July 17 ( July 29) 1841 at the old Pyatigorsk cemetery. To see him on his last journey has come a large number of people: residents of Pyatigorsk, vacationers, friends and relatives of Lermontov, more than fifty officials. Coincidentally, the coffin with the body of Mikhail Yurievich was carried on their shoulders by representatives of all the regiments in which the poet had to serve.
Nikolay Martynov. (wikipedia.org)
Martynov lived to be sixty years old. He wanted to be buried in the village that belonged to his father near Moscow, in a remotely standing grave, without any identification marks, so that no one could identify the grave of the killer Lermontov, and the memory of him would disappear forever. But this was not followed. Family crypt - his last resort it was until the kids from the children's colony found out who was there. They broke the crypt and, according to various sources, Martynov's remains were either scattered around the estate, or thrown into a pond.
On Friday, the Kommersant newspaper announced the completion of an investigation into the murder of Nikolai Martynov, a Moscow region businessman who died in Iksha two years ago. investigative committee The Moscow region was able to establish the identity of the customer of the murder and the direct perpetrator of the crime.
The customer turned out to be a Moscow businessman Anton Erokhin, a business partner of the murdered Martynov. And the executor was a retired GRU colonel, centurion of the Volga Cossack army Gennady Korotenko. Friends and relatives of the veteran do not believe in his involvement and deny Korotenko's participation in the crime.
Nevertheless, the investigation considers the Cossack guilty. The fact is that operational measures in the Avtozavodsky district of Nizhny Novgorod, which took place in August 2015, helped to reveal the contract killing.
Then representatives of the local FSB opened a private garage, which revealed a whole arsenal of weapons. In the garage, there were Kalashnikov assault rifles, two machine guns, underbarrel grenade launchers, assault rifles with optical sights, a lot of edged weapons, as well as an Igla portable anti-aircraft missile system.
The owner of the garage turned out to be a local resident Gennady Korotenko. He was detained on the same day, and Korotenko had a Makarov pistol with him. The detainee explained that he needed the gun to protect the garden plots, which the organization “Cossack freemen named after Yermak Timofeevich”, created by him, is engaged in. And the arsenal in the garage does not belong to him, but to a casual acquaintance who rented it from Korotenko.
The police arrested Korotenko on charges of arms trafficking. Later it was possible to find out that businessman Nikolai Martynov near Moscow was shot dead from a Makarov pistol, which the centurion carried with him. Thus, the arms trafficking case Nizhny Novgorod combined into one proceeding with the investigation of a contract killing in the Moscow region. Korotenko was also accused of murder.
Later, the alleged customer of the crime was identified and detained. It turned out to be business partner Anton Erokhin, who owned Clinolia Holding Limited in equal shares with Martynov. The partners could not divide the company and its assets in any way, including several enterprises in the Nizhny Novgorod region that produce various components for household chemicals.
Erokhin was going to buy out Martynov's share for 2.6 billion rubles, however, as the investigation believes, he decided to eliminate his partner by paying 1 million rubles for a contract killing. The executor was appointed retired military man Gennady Korotenko.
Lawyers for the accused party did not agree with the position of the investigators. In particular, Erokhin's representatives stated that he had no motive, drawing attention to the fact that with the death of Martynov, the financial situation of his partner worsened. The Moscow Arbitration Court declared Erokhin bankrupt.
Representatives of the Volga Cossacks also disagreed with the conclusions of the investigation. They consider Gennady Korotenko a hero and a role model.
“Old Man Korotenko is not a mummer, of which there are many now, but a real generic Cossack. In the past - a military officer, Colonel of the GRU. He was seriously wounded, has a disability, but the investigation ignores his illnesses, since the father is still in Abkhazia on medical records, being a hero and an honorary citizen of this country, ”said Sergei Akimov, chairman of the board of Volnitsa, in an interview with Kommersant.
He drew attention to the fact that Korotenko participated in the Afghan, Abkhaz and Chechen wars. The centurion has received many awards. Including - Orders of Courage, the Red Banner and the Red Star, medals "For Courage" and "For Military Merit".
According to Akimov, the police decided to simply "hang" a crime on Korotenko, detaining him with a weapon. Kazak assumes that the investigation has no evidence of the involvement of the Nizhny Novgorod centurion in the murder of Martynov, since no fingerprints were found on the pistol, and the tenant of his garage could not be found.
Akimov knows nothing about where Makarov's pistol came from from his comrade-in-arms. However, he suggested that the Cossack needed firearms to protect summer cottages and business trips to Moscow, where Korotenko occasionally guarded businessmen.
In the main investigative department of the TFR in the Moscow region, information about the end of the investigation was confirmed. The case materials were handed over to the defendants for review.
"Fierce Man" Nikolai Martynov
They are inextricably linked, especially in the last days of Mikhail Yurievich's life. Here they are inseparable from each other like light and shadow, black and white, plus and minus. Lermontov and Martynov. great poet and the one who took his life. The murderer... Probably, there is no other figure in the history of Russian literature, which would fall so much anger and hatred. Unless Dantes ... It is known that even Martynov's grave was devastated, and his bones were scattered around. True, this was done by the silly homeless children settled after the revolution in the manor's estate. But does not their act look like what some highly cultured and venerable authors write about Nikolai Solomonovich? Indeed, from their lips and feathers, sometimes almost a square abuse against this person breaks down.
And he has no right to protection. “The interpretation of Martynov’s personality by domestic literary criticism in a purely negative, accusatory light has acquired the status of an indisputable truth, to doubt which means automatically dooming oneself to a deliberate slaughter, to find oneself in the ranks of anti-patriots, Russophobes, dubious personalities who encroach on unshakable shrines.” This is how A.V. Ochman quite rightly noted, who himself received the caustic label of “Martynovologist” – only because in his works he tried to objectively show the personality of the person who went out to duel with the poet, and the essence of the conflict between them. It is he who owns the most important argument in evaluating Martynov’s personality: “The only inconvenience in this generally accepted concept is Lermontov himself, put in a position more than strange: why was he, a man of insight, principle, intolerant of vulgarity and falsehood, betrayal and treachery, was drawn to for at least ten years to a classmate at the guards school ... Did your instinct fail, or did Lermontov, for some reason, point-blank did not want to perceive the obvious? How could you lead the smartest of Russian people by the nose for a long time?
We will not, following the author of these lines, analyze and refute the whole heap of negativity that both biographical works and fiction about Lermontov contain. We will try to extract from them only what is necessary for understanding what happened in the July days of 1841. Here it must be said that, in comparison with many other persons of Lermontov's entourage of those days, Martynov was very lucky. The desire to hurt the hated killer forced researchers to delve into everything related to him as deeply as possible, in search of compromising facts.
Thanks to this, there are practically no dark places in Martynov's biography. But it is not worth delving into it, because it is not so expressive and is very similar to the biographies of many of his peers who are officers. It is much more important to consider some of the personality traits of Martynov, as well as the history of his relationship with Lermontov.
Nikolai Solomonovich Martynov
T. Wright
An attempt to objectively evaluate Martynov was made by the Lermontov scholar O. Popov in his work “Lermontov and Martynov”:
"N. Martynov was given the simplest characterization: stupid, conceited, embittered loser, graphomaniac, always under someone's influence ... "But, Popov is surprised:" ... what a loser he is, if at the age of 25 he had the rank of major and an order! Recall that Lermontov's Maxim Maksimych, who served all his life in the Caucasus, was only a staff captain, Lermontov himself was a lieutenant ... The Martynovs were rich and quite famous in Moscow. About N. Martynov himself, the Decembrist Lorer, who knew him, wrote that he had a brilliant secular education.
We add to this that Nikolai Solomonovich was a musical person, played the piano, sang Russian songs and romances in a pleasant voice. He was well-read and not alien to literary pursuits. This, however, allows whistleblowers to call him a graphomaniac, to which Popov reasonably remarks: “It is hardly fair to call him a graphomaniac. Graphomaniacs write constantly and a lot, but Martynov rarely took up a pen, and everything he wrote would fit in a small book. It does not testify to the stupidity of the author, although it does not differ in special depth. Probably, Martynov wrote easily, and this creates an exaggerated opinion in the writer about his abilities ... Martynov clearly did not have the desire and ability to bring what he started to the end, the desire for improvement. There were abilities - there was no poetic soul. But pride and self-confidence are enough ... "
Now is the time to ask: didn’t Lermontov have plenty of pride and self-confidence? And what about the others who surrounded him in Pyatigorsk - the same Arnoldi, Tyrant, Lev Pushkin, Dmitrievsky? There is no doubt that each of them was proud and had a rather high opinion of his person. But for some reason, none of them are recorded as potential killers!
The nickname given to Martynov in the cadet school is also indicative - homme feroce, "fierce man." But the story of his classmate Alexander Tiran about the episodes associated with this nickname does not speak of ferocity, but rather of an ingenuous desire to be "no worse than others."
Probably, Martynov's exaggerated attention to his appearance was not such a great sin - how many such dandies met among the capital's guardsmen? And not only among them. I think there is some kind of “backfire effect” here. Knowing that Lermontov's joke about his friend's appearance caused a quarrel, contemporaries and subsequent authors began to pay special attention to his smartness, adding this quality of Martynov to other negative features, largely invented by themselves, such as stupidity, pettiness, spitefulness, etc. e. No, if we are to look for the true cause of the quarrel, then not so much in the personality traits of Martynov, but in the subtleties of his relationship with Lermontov.
Meanwhile, they began more than ten years before the Pyatigorsk meeting. For three summers in a row, young Michel rested in the estate of his relatives - Serednikov, next to which was the estate of the Martynovs. The fact of acquaintance with this family is confirmed by a poem dedicated to the elder sister of Nikolai Solomonovich. It is impossible to assume that, being interested in the Martynov young ladies, Lermontov did not notice their brother, who was only a year younger than himself. So what happened in the Junker school was not an acquaintance, as is usually believed, but its further development. It is believed, for example, that one day Martynov, at the risk of being subjected to a strict penalty, left the squadron on duty to visit Lermontov in the hospital, who had fallen from his horse and injured his leg. Classmates note their friendly rivalry in strength, dexterity, and also ... in writing. Both collaborated in a school handwritten magazine, and if Lermontov placed poetry there, then Martynov - prose.
The Life Guards service in the capital alienated friends - different regiments, their different deployment, different circle of secular acquaintances. The Caucasus brought them together, to which both ended up in 1837: Martynov - voluntarily, Lermontov - into exile. Even on the way there, stopping for two weeks in Moscow, they met almost daily - they had breakfast at the Yar, attended balls, went on picnics and country walks. There were no conflicts at all.
They didn’t have a chance to fight together that year - the meeting took place only in the fall, in the Olginsky fortification, where Martynov arrived after participating in a military expedition, and Lermontov after finishing treatment on the Waters. By this time, there is an episode with letters that Lermontov undertook to convey to Martynov from his relatives from Pyatigorsk. Subsequently, they tried to explain their disappearance along with the stolen things by the fact that Lermontov allegedly opened and read them, which was presented as the true cause of the quarrel. But all the talk about this arose after the duel. And then, in the Caucasus, there were no conflicts on this issue between friends, and their good relations continued for another four years.
After returning from the Caucasus, there were again not very frequent meetings in St. Petersburg. And two years later - a new trip to the Caucasus, essentially repeating the situation of the previous one: Lermontov was again sent into exile there, and Martynov again went voluntarily. Probably, this act should not characterize him from the worst side. Whatever they say about Martynov's career considerations or his desire to avoid excessive strict discipline in the guards regiment, nevertheless, not everyone could decide to change the capital's life and life to full of hardships and hardships in the Caucasian army.
This time they still fought together, however, in the bloody battle on the Valerik River, where Lermontov distinguished himself, his friend did not participate, he was on vacation. But, storming the village of Shali, they fought side by side. And both were noted in the log of military operations of the detachment under the command of General Galafeev. A new separation occurred at the end of 1840. Lermontov applied for leave and received it. Martynov, as established by D. Alekseev, retired "... for family reasons." Ignorance of the true reason for this act allowed the whistleblowers to speculate about some dark story with a card game or the desire of Nikolai Solomonovich to save his precious life. However, archival documents convincingly show that Martynov left the military service due to the elementary need to deal with the frustrated economic affairs of the family left without a father.
And now - a meeting in May 1841 in Pyatigorsk, where Martynov was treated, waiting for a leisurely official car to draw up documents for resignation. Many who write about the last days of Lermontov’s life believe Martynov’s testimony during the investigation: “From the very moment of his arrival in Pyatigorsk, Lermontov did not miss a single case where he could say something unpleasant to me ...” And they conclude that their strained relationship continued in throughout the summer. But there was nothing like it! To understand the relationship between the two friends, it is necessary, first of all, to clearly understand that Martynov, who arrived in Pyatigorsk towards the end of April, took baths here from the first days of May and completed the course on the 23rd or 24th. Just at that time, Lermontov arrived in Pyatigorsk and, according to the memoirs of P. Magdenko, was very glad to see an old friend here. And of course, he hardly immediately began to say “something unpleasant” to him. What did they have to share, why quarrel?
Moreover, very soon - on May 26 or 27 - Martynov, according to the then order of treatment, went to Zheleznovodsk to continue receiving procedures there, which was completed only by the end of June. Thus, for almost the entire next month, he and Lermontov hardly saw each other. Meetings, of course, could be, but they were isolated and short-lived and hardly gave rise to any grievances or quarrels.
But when, at the end of June, returning to Pyatigorsk, Martynov appeared at the Verzilins' house, the situation changed dramatically. Now, living next door to the "Rose of the Caucasus" and being constantly in her house, Martynov was clearly carried away by the beauty, although there is evidence that he was also interested in Emilia's half-sister, young Nadia. Emilia, of course, immediately drew attention to him ...
In general, everything that we know about Martynov allows us to consider him the most ordinary representative of the Russian officers - not the best, but far from the worst part of it. If someone else shot Lermontov - the same classmate and colleague Tyrant, who suffered more than once from the sharp tongue of the poet, or, say, Lisanevich, who was allegedly provoked to a duel, Nikolai Martynov would remain in history as "Monkey", "good fellow" , "a good friend of Michel, who did not shine in anything special." But the circumstances that developed in the summer of 1841 in Pyatigorsk brought him truly Herostratus glory and became the cause of the true tragedy of his life.
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Every year in Russia, thousands of genetic examinations are carried out to establish paternity. An analysis of judicial practice shows that in 95% of cases, when making decisions, the court is guided only by DNA analysis. Due to the fact that the problem of establishing paternity through the court is now very relevant, in May of this year, a resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court No. 16 "On the application of legislation by courts when considering cases related to the establishment of the origin of children" appeared.
Despite this, the binding decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court are not carried out not only by lower courts, but also by judges of the Supreme Court. And one example of this is the story of Nikolai Martynov, Lada Ryasnova and their daughter Yaroslava.
Now Yaroslava is already 7 years old, in this photo she is not even four. Here she is in the kitchen playing some kind of childish game with her godfather, a friend of her father. She has no joint photos with her father: Martynov was killed in March 2014. However, the judges do not believe that Martynov is her father - despite the fact that the DNA examination is convinced of their relationship by 99.99999999994%.
Yaroslav's mother, blames herself for everything.
- I probably should have insisted on marriage earlier, while Kolya was alive, and that he registered his daughter as himself, but I have always been indifferent to the legal side of the matter. It’s just that I was so confident in him as in a man, I didn’t doubt for a second that he would never leave us without support, that I didn’t even start such conversations. “We should have already registered you,” Kolya said more than once, and I just brushed it off. "Everything is fine with us, why these formalities?" – I thought then.
“You should already be registered,” Kolya said more than once.
They met when Ryasnova worked in a financial company and several times on business crossed paths with Martynov, co-owner of a large oilfield services company. Martynov suggested that she go to his company, to the control and audit department, Lada analyzed the purchases and the intended use of funds. At first they just worked together for about a year, in the spring of 2009 they began a closer relationship.
Lada at that time was 25, Nikolai - 51, both were de jure married, although in fact they did not live with their other halves. Martynov's wife with a common adult son lived mainly in Paris. Lada Ryasnova lived alone. They hid their relationship from colleagues.
- Kolya never talked about his wife, he only talked about his son, so the presence of an official family did not bother me at all. He lived mainly in the country, looked great, very athletic, always followed his health and nutrition, his age was given out only by gray hair and wrinkles. In general, he was an ideal man, smart, interesting, caring, generous, one can only dream of such a thing, Lada cries. - When I gave birth to Yaroslav, he bought an apartment, we were just planning repairs. I came to work that day to discuss the estimate... There they told me that a killer had shot at Kolya at night, he was in critical condition in intensive care.
Bullets hit the head and chest, on the sixth day Martynov died
Nikolai Martynov worked for many years in the largest Russian and international oil companies, and then organized his own business, becoming a co-founder of a Cypriot company Clinolina Holding Limited, which owns enterprises in Russia for the production of equipment for the oil and gas and chemical industries. Late on the evening of March 30, 2014, he returned to his cottage in Iksha near Moscow. A killer was waiting near the businessman's house, who shot him several times. Bullets hit the head and chest, on the sixth day Martynov died.
- I was told that while Kolya was in intensive care, his wife flew to Moscow, who found an album with our photos in a safe at the dacha and found out about Yaroslava and me. Of course, she was hysterical, he didn’t tell her anything about us,” says Lada, who divorced her husband after the birth of her daughter. - When Kolya died, friends arranged a farewell for us the day before, advising us not to come to the funeral. Nadezhda, the official wife, tears and flies, if you come, there will be a fight, they told me. Because of the album found in the safe, they found out about our relationship at work, there were different conversations, including a murder motivated by jealousy, but in general all kinds of versions were discussed.
The killer turned out to be retired GRU colonel Gennady Korotenko, whom Erokhin hired for 1 million rubles.
They searched for the killer and the customer for a long time. According to investigators, another co-owner was the customer of the murder Clinolina Holding Limited, 35-year-old Anton Erokhin. A year before the assassination attempt on Martynov, there was a long conflict between him and Erokhin over one of the assets - a chemical plant. After lengthy negotiations, Martynov agreed to sell his stake for 2.5 billion rubles, Erokhin asked for time to find the money. And during this time he found the killer. As follows from the indictment, he turned out to be retired GRU colonel Gennady Korotenko, whom Erokhin hired for 1 million rubles.
The killer was approached by officers of the Federal Security Service of the Nizhny Novgorod region, who discovered a garage with weapons and ammunition. The owner of the garage was Gennady Korotenko. During a personal search, a Makarov pistol (PM) was confiscated from him. The examination and study of the bullet-sleeve case showed that it was from this PM that Martynov was shot. Both Erokhin and Korotenko were accused of contract killing, now the court is considering this case.
Immediately after the death of Martynov, his property was seized, and the widow, son and mother of the deceased claimed their inheritance. Lada Ryasnova filed a civil lawsuit with the Zyuzinsky Court of Moscow to establish the paternity of her daughter Yaroslava, give her the surname Martynova, and she, as a minor, could claim her rights to the inheritance. Lada says that for the sake of her daughter, she tried to communicate with Nadezhda, Martynov's widow, directly and agree on everything with her, but she did not make contact, so she had to go to court.
Posthumous acknowledgment of paternity is a fairly common procedure. Article 49 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation (RF IC) states that in this case it is necessary to prove "the origin of the child from a specific person", and paragraph 19 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court No. 16 states that "with a high degree of accuracy" this allows you to establish DNA -expertise.
The investigators did not provide the DNA material of the deceased for research due to the "secrecy of the investigation"
At the request of the court, the investigators provided data on the DNA profile of the murdered Nikolai Martynov. They were used during the investigation. A DNA profile is one of the evidence in a criminal case. Actually, it was possible to prove the involvement of ex-gareushnik Gennady Korotenko in the murder of a businessman largely thanks to DNA examinations. The DNA material itself deceased Martynov the investigators did not provide the experts for the study, referring to the "secrecy of the investigation."
By appointment of the court, the examinations were carried out in Russian center forensic medical examination of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the leading state expert institution of the country. The examination showed that Nikolai Martynov, with a probability of more than 99.9%, is Yaroslav's father. An examination of the DNA of Martynov's 24-year-old son, also Nikolai, was also carried out, which established that Nikolai Martynov Jr. and Yaroslav were paternal relatives with a probability of more than 99.7%. Lada told the court that Nikolai bore all the costs of maintaining the child: after giving birth, she did not work, her daughter had a nanny, they went on vacation abroad, he paid for children's toys, a sports club, etc. with his card.
Martynov's relatives, in response, stated that the deceased father of the girl could not be, since since 2009 he "suffered from erectile dysfunction up to impotence" and had not had sexual intercourse with anyone for a long time due to the disease, they brought certificates from a private clinic where he was treated .
- The judge rejected our SMS correspondence with Kolya, because I could not prove that it was my phone. She considered the testimonies of witnesses and neighbors who knew about our relationship with him to be contradictory and also rejected, as well as the attached video. Friends told me that Nadezhda, whose female pride was very much hurt, promised more than once to do everything possible and impossible, if only Yaroslav was not recognized as Kolya's daughter, ”says Lada. - But I, however, was still calm, because all the examinations showed that he was the father of the child. And there could be no other father there.
Lemudkin could not answer a single question, where they met, how they met and why they broke up.
However, a certain Kirill Lemudkin came to court, who stated that he allegedly had a close relationship with Lada and that he was Yaroslav's father. Not a single question - where they met, how they met and why they broke up - he could not really answer. And when asked how she looked when they met, he said that "just like now, only fatter." In fact, before giving birth, Lada was a thin blonde.
Again, a DNA examination was scheduled, this time in another institution - Center for Molecular Genetics LLC. Lada Ryasnova again turned to the investigation so that specialists would be given the genetic material of the deceased Martynov, and not just a DNA profile, for research. By this time, the criminal investigation had already been completed. The investigator replied that he would issue the material if there was a request from the court. But the judge denied her request. The second request, to impose interim measures so that the genetic material does not accidentally disappear anywhere, was again denied.
The conducted DNA examination showed that the probability that Lemudkin is the father of Yaroslav is 0%. And she confirmed the conclusions of previous experts in relation to both Martynovs: the eldest is Yaroslav's father, the youngest is his father's brother.
According to the law, she still has a chance to review the case if the chairman of the Supreme Court Vyacheslav Lebedev takes it.
And then a court decision was made - Ryasnova and her daughter to refuse all claims, since the evidence provided was allegedly not enough to establish the paternity of Nikolai Martynov. Although data excluding his paternity was not obtained in any of the examinations. Comparing the genetic profile of Martynov-father with the genetic profile of Martynov-son ( from marriage with his wife Nadezhda, relationship has never been disputed. - Approx. RS), the experts came to the conclusion that the probability of their relationship is 99.999994%, but for some reason this fact was not reflected at all in the court decision. In the Moscow City Court, the decision of the first instance was rewritten word for word, in the Supreme Court, Ryasnova's complaint was rejected, refusing to transfer the case for consideration. According to the law, she still has a chance to review the case if it is taken by the Chairman of the Supreme Court Vyacheslav Lebedev.
Less than six months ago, the Supreme Court considered a similar case to establish the paternity of a child - it was about the murdered politician Boris Nemtsov. The decision was made in favor of the child. Muscovite Ekaterina Iftodi, who acted in the interests of her minor son Boris, filed a complaint with the Supreme Court. She claimed that she was in a close relationship with Nemtsov and in April 2014 gave birth to a son from him, in the documents of the child in the father column there was a dash. Iftodi, it follows from the decision of the Supreme Court, has repeatedly requested a genetic examination, since biological material of the murdered Nemtsov was seized as part of a criminal investigation, but was refused all the time. The court considered that in the refusal to conduct an examination, the norms of substantive and procedural law were “substantially violated”, the case was returned to the first instance for a new consideration. The examination carried out confirmed that the deceased Nemtsov and the three-year-old Boris Iftodi are father and son. As a result, the court recognized the boy as the son of a politician and his heir.
In accordance with Art. 8 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, when considering a complaint about the establishment of paternity, the courts must pay special attention to the interests of a particular child
A similar case was considered by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in 2009 - the case of Kalacheva v. Russia. The father of the child was alive, but he did not want to recognize his daughter. A genetic examination confirmed the fact of paternity, but the court did not want to take it into account, considering that the examination procedure had been violated. Other evidence - joint photos, a pass to the hostel, etc. - the judges also considered insufficient. The ECtHR ruled in favor of Kalacheva and awarded her compensation of 5,000 euros. And at the same time he reminded the Russian authorities that, in accordance with Art. 8 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, when considering a complaint about the establishment of paternity, the courts must pay special attention to the interests of a particular child. If the court considered the first DNA analysis unacceptable for any reason, then, according to the decision of the ECtHR, it was obliged to order a second examination.
Lada Ryasnova says that she no longer hopes that her daughter will receive at least some kind of inheritance. According to her, there is nothing left of him, since most of the assets were "registered" in offshore, and the accounts are already empty. If Yaroslava was recognized as the daughter of the murdered businessman Martynov, she would claim 1/8 of his inheritance (the businessman's mother had already died and new heirs had appeared in her share).
I want my daughter to have her father's last name. She knew him until the age of four, loved him and remembers him very well. And he also loved her and took care of her,” explains Ryasnova. - In addition, I want the judges to finally consider our case on the merits, deal with the examinations, thus fulfilling the requirements of the ECHR and the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which are mandatory. We don't need anything else.
Question “M.Yu. Lermontov and Mrs. Adele Ommer de Gelle” was reflected in many writings about the poet. Most of them were written in the first half of the twentieth century, already in Soviet time when it was ideologically fashionable to denounce the tsarist autocracy and, especially, the epoch of Nicholas in all sins. Let us recall some of them: the story "Shtos in Life" by Boris Pilnyak, "Michel Lermontov" by Sergei Sergeev-Tsensky, "The Thirteenth Tale of Lermontov" by Pyotr Pavlenko, the novel "The Escape of Prisoners, or the Story of the Suffering and Death of Lieutenant of the Tenginsky Infantry Regiment Mikhail Lermontov" by Konstantin Bolshakov.There is no need to prove how politicized our whole life has been for decades. This applies not only to fiction, but also to literary criticism. According to the version, which was essentially the official one, the main reason for Lermontov's death was the tsar's hatred for the rebel poet, and the efforts of Lermontov scholars were mainly aimed at substantiating this version. Moreover, the role of the organizer of the duel was assigned to Prince A. Vasilchikov, the son of one of the royal favorites. So, E. Gershtein calls A.I. Vasilchikov the hidden enemy of the poet and devotes a whole chapter of his book “The Fate of Lermontov” to him under the title “Secret Enemy”. O.P. Popov believes that the role of Prince Vasilchikov "is more composed than studied, and was hardly significant." (See: Popov O.P. Lermontov and Martynov // Measure. - St. Petersburg, 1994. - No. 4. - P. 84-90).
The main role in the tragedy at the foot of Mashuk, of course, was played by Nikolai Martynov, and one should first of all turn to his personality and the history of his relationship with the poet, while abandoning his primitive characterization, which was given to him for a long time: he was allegedly stupid, proud, embittered loser, graphomaniac, always under someone's influence.
Firstly, one cannot call him a loser - after all, at the age of 25 he already had the rank of major, while Lermontov himself was only a lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment, and his literary hero, Maxim Maksimych, who served all his life in the Caucasus, was a staff captain .
He probably wasn't stupid either. For example, the Decembrist N.I. Lorer wrote that Nikolai Solomonovich had an excellent secular education. The very fact of long communication between Lermontov and Martynov suggests that the latter was not a primitive person and was somehow interesting to the poet.
In fact, Lermontov's classmate at the Junker School was Nikolai Solomonovich's elder brother Mikhail (1814-111860). However, it was Nicholas who was destined to become the killer of the poet.
They were both born in October (only Lermontov a year earlier), both graduated from the Junker School, were released into the Horse Guards (Martynov, by the way, had a chance to serve in the same regiment with Dantes), and they went to the Caucasus at the same time. In the heavy company of 1840, they participated in expeditions and numerous skirmishes with the highlanders. And both wrote poems about this war.
It is customary to speak disparagingly about Martynov's poetic experiments. He himself is often called a "graphomaniac" and a "talentless rhymer". hardly fair
call him that. Martynov rarely took up a pen, and everything he wrote could fit in a very small book. His poems really do not stand comparison with Lermontov's. And whose, in fact, can withstand such a comparison? He does have good lines though. Here, for example, is how ironically he describes the parade in his poem " Horrible dream»:
Like a slender forest, peaks flash.
The weathervanes are brightly dazzling,
All people, horses are great,
Like a monument to Tsar Peter!
All faces on one cut,
And one camp, like the other,
All ammunition from a needle,
Horses have a haughty look
And from the tail to the withers
Wool has the same sheen.
Any soldier is the beauty of nature,
Any horse is a type of breed.
What are the officers? - a series of paintings
And all - as if one!
Martynov also tried his hand at prose: the beginning of his story “Guasha” has been preserved - which tells about the sad story of a Russian officer falling in love with “a young Circassian woman of extraordinary beauty”: “Judging by the growth and flexibility of her camp, it was a young girl; by the absence of forms, and especially by the expression of the face, a perfect child; there was something childish, something unfinished in those narrow shoulders, in that flat, not yet full chest...
- Imagine, Martynov, because she is only 11 years old! But what a marvelous and sweet creature!
And his gaze at these words was full of inexpressible tenderness.
- Here, prince, girls are married at the age of 11 ... Do not forget that we are not here in Russia, but in the Caucasus, where everything soon matures ...
From the first day Dolgoruky saw Guasha (as the young Circassian woman was called), he felt an irresistible attraction to her; but what is strangest of all: she, for her part, immediately fell in love with him ... It happened that in impulses of noisy gaiety she would run up behind him, grab him unexpectedly by the head and, kissing him warmly, burst into loud laughter. And all this happened in front of everyone; at the same time, she did not show either childish shyness or female modesty, not even somewhat embarrassed by the presence of her family.
Everything I heard greatly surprised me: I did not know how to reconcile in my mind such a free treatment of a girl with those stories about the impregnability of Circassian women and about the severity of morals in general ... Subsequently, I became convinced that this severity exists only for married women, but their girls enjoy extraordinary freedom ... "
The main work of Martynov - the poem "Gerzel-aul" - is based on personal experience. It is a documented accurate description of the June campaign in Chechnya in 1840, in which Martynov himself took an active part:
The baptism of gunpowder has come to pass,
All were in combat;
And they loved it so much
That talk is only about him;
Tom got to go with hostility
With the fourth company to the blockage,
Where hand-to-hand was played,
As they were aptly called,
Second act final.
Here's what we learned from him:
They fired at us point-blank
Kurinsky officer killed;
We have lost a lot of people
A whole platoon of carabinieri lay down,
The colonel with the battalion ripened
And carried the company on his shoulders;
Chechens knocked out with damage,
Twelve bodies in our hands...
Interestingly, the realities of that time were also truthfully reflected in Martynov's work. There is in it, for example, a mention of the famous Caucasian chain mail:
Dzhigits boldly drive around,
Prancing briskly ahead;
In vain our people are shooting at them ...
They only answer with swearing
They have mail on their chests...
He quite realistically describes the scene of the death of a Russian soldier wounded in battle:
Deaf confession, communion,
Then they read the waste:
And here it is earthly happiness ...
Is there much left? A handful of earth!
I turned away, it hurt
I have to look at this drama;
And I asked myself involuntarily:
Shall I die like this: ..
Similar scenes can be found in Lermontov's famous poem "Valerik", created on the material of the same summer campaign of 1840. It is not surprising that Martynov was subsequently accused of both "attempting a creative competition" with Lermontov and "direct imitation."
However, views on the war were different. Lermontov perceived what was happening in the Caucasus as a tragedy, tormented by the question: “Why?” These doubts were unknown to Martynov. He was fully confident in Russia's right to use scorched earth tactics against the enemy (a question on which Russian society split into two camps today):
The village is on fire in the distance ...
There our cavalry walks,
In other people's possessions, the court creates,
Invites children to warm up
Mistress cooks gruel.
All the way where we go
The husks of the fugitives are burning.
Let's catch the cattle - we take it away,
There is a living for the Cossacks.
Fields sown with trampling,
Destroy them all...
Probably, it is up to future researchers to appreciate, as a historical source, such works. However, it must be admitted that there is a lot of truth in them.
It is believed that the same poem by Martynov contains a caricatured portrait of Lermontov:
Here the officer lay down on a cloak
With a book in hand,
And he himself dreams of a mazurka,
About Pyatigorsk, about balls.
He is dreaming of a blonde,
He is head over heels in love with her.
Here he is the hero of the duel,
Guardsman, immediately removed.
Dreams are replaced by dreams
Imagination is given space
And the path, strewn with flowers,
He rode at full speed.
What kind of blonde Martynov writes about in his poems, we can only guess ...
Returning to the question of the causes and reasons for the fatal duel at the foot of Mashuk, I would like to note that, perhaps, of all the researchers who have devoted entire volumes to this problem, O.P. Popov came closest to solving the old riddle. In his article "Lermontov and Martynov" he analyzed all possible reasons collisions. And all of them do not seem to him weighty enough to dictate such harsh conditions for a duel.
The story of Salieri and Mozart? - Of course not. “It is impossible to find anything like this in Martynov,” writes O.P. Popov, “and he is not suitable for the role of Salieri.” - Indeed, after all, Martynov, in fact, did not finish any of his literary work. Apparently, he did not consider his literary vocation to be the main one. Although… Every Mozart has his own Salieri. Popov reasonably refutes the version of V. Vatsuro, who once wrote: “Neither Nicholas 1, nor Benckendorff, nor even Martynov hatched plans to kill Lermontov - a man. But all of them - each in their own way - created an atmosphere in which there was no place for Lermontov - the poet.
Martynov killed Lermontov, the man. How it was possible to create an atmosphere in which there would be no place for Lermontov, the poet, is incomprehensible. So it turns out that if we discard the absurd inventions that there was no duel at all, but that a bribed Cossack killed the poet (Korotkov’s version, Schwemberger’s version), an unresolved riddle with the name “Adel” remains in Lermontov’s studies, and even the version about Martynov defending the honor of his sister . Refuting the latter, Oleg Panteleymonovich Popov says that "that the sister was proud of being considered the prototype of Princess Mary", and, therefore, did not need to protect her honor. Well, my sister might have been proud. Yes, but the relatives did not like it at all. Again, a matter of culture and mentality of that time. After all, there is evidence that not only idle gossips, but also quite serious readers of Lermontov’s novel (Granovsky, Katkov) saw Martynov’s younger sister in Princess Mary, and they believed that the princess, like her mother, was depicted in an unfavorable light. As for the story with the package of letters from Natalya, transferred from the house to Martynov through the poet, which apparently left a negative imprint on the relationship of friends earlier, even though the Lermontov scholars convincingly prove that there was no Lermontov’s fault, he didn’t open the package, he didn’t read the letters and didn’t destroy it, but Martynov’s mother thought differently…
In our opinion, two points turned out to be very important in the discussions about the pre-duel situation: firstly, the need to connect the version of the history of Lermontov’s relationship with the Frenchwoman Adel with the version about Martynov defending the honor of his sister. Secondly, it was no less important to deal with the issue of dating the stay of Adele Ommer de Gelle in the Caucasus, which the Lermontov scholars have not been able to do so far. And just an introduction to scientific circulation The materials of Karl Baer (in relation to Lermontov studies, this was first done by us - E.S.) made it possible to reasonably say that the French traveler was in the Caucasus from 1839 to 1841 inclusive.
Thus, in our opinion, a completely convincing version of the quarrel between Lermontov and Martynov emerges. After all, the trifling, not even offensive joke said by Lermontov in French at an evening in the house of General Verzilin could not be the real cause of the quarrel: “Highlander with a large dagger” (montaqnard au qrand poiqnard). “Martynov, when he wanted to, knew how to laugh it off, in the end, he could stop acquaintance, while maintaining his dignity,” writes O.P. Popov.
What happened in Pyatigorsk is regarded by us as a great human tragedy. The tragedy of misunderstanding. Mismatch of two mentalities, two outlooks on life. Respectable, built in social structure society of his time Martynov and a transcendental lyricist, who was destined to become the music of the soul of his people. He was not born in order to reproduce the biological mass. He had a different destiny, which is given to one of the millions. Many of Lermontov's contemporaries failed to realize this destiny.
And today you can still hear a lot of questions about this complex, multifaceted nature. Probably, it can be understood only from the standpoint of philosophical knowledge. That is why we turn with a noticeable delay to the works of Russian religious philosophers Danilevsky, Solovyov. With their help, we will have to understand in all depth both the life of the great Lermontov and his work, which has become the most precious stone in the treasury of Russian literature.
Addition.
We meet an interesting episode in the work of D.M. Pavlov "Prototypes of Princess Mary" (separate prints from the newspaper "Kavkazsky Krai" Nos. 156 and 157 of 1916). He cites the witticism that allegedly exchanged between Lermontov and Martynov:
- "Marry Lermontov," his self-confident comrade told him, "I will make you a cuckold."
“If my most ardent desire,” the poet seemed to answer, “is realized, then it will be impossible for you, dear friend.
Further, Pavlov writes: “From these words, Martynov concluded that Lermontov “has views of his sister’s hand.” These guesses, however, were not justified. In 1841, Lermontov was already interested in other prominent charmers and did this in front of the brother of his former sympathy ...
It is entirely possible that it was this change of front that gave the Martynov family an imaginary right to state that "Lermontov compromised the sisters of his future murderer" (Russian Archive, 1893, v. 2. - p. 610, v. D. Obolensky). And this circumstance, in connection with the inflated story about the letter and diary of Natalya Solomonovna, allegedly printed by the poet, played, as you know, the role of the main reason in the history of Martynov's hatred for his former friend ...
No wonder the crowd gathered in the courtyard of the Chilaevsky estate, where the lifeless body of the poet was brought, repeated the rumor that the young lady was the cause of the duel.
- The duel happened because of the young lady! - Someone shouted to Lieutenant Colonel Untilov, who was conducting the investigation (Karpos, Rus.M., 78. - 1890., S. KhP).
