Experts from the Center for Monitoring the Improvement of the Urban Environment checked how the federal project is being implemented in seven regions: the Chuvash Republic, Voronezh region, Primorsky Krai, Tula, Novgorod and Tomsk regions, as well as in the Republic of Udmurtia. As it turned out, a common problem for all regions is that residents are poorly informed about the project and opportunities to participate in improvement. The activists sent a complete list of all detected shortcomings to the Ministry of Construction of Russia.

According to experts, in the Chuvash Republic, only the draft state program for the formation of the urban environment for 2018-2022 is posted on the official website of the Ministry of Construction. At the same time, meetings of interdepartmental commissions are held less than once every three months, and the head of the region does not personally oversee most of the events. As of October 31, 2017, out of nine municipalities, only two have completed all the improvement works.

An on-site check showed that the municipal improvement program of the city of Cheboksary included courtyard areas that had already been put in order in 2013-2016. In addition, in many cases, when forming a list of objects and draft designs, citizens were given samples of only one manufacturer, and when designing, the standards for creating a barrier-free environment for people with limited mobility were not observed and were not taken into account.

“In the Voronezh region, as it turned out, when applying for improvement, residents did not receive the number of the submitted application in their hands. In connection with the accelerated deadlines for the formation of applications in 2017, plans for the improvement of courtyard areas were developed without taking into account the opinion of citizens, and in fact were imposed by the district administrations. Residents had to approve all this, because otherwise the yards might simply not be included in the project, ”said Svetlana Kalinina, coordinator of the Center for Monitoring the Improvement of the Urban Environment, a member of the Central Headquarters of the ONF.

At the same time, the websites of some municipalities in the Voronezh Region do not contain information on the implementation of the “Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment” project, despite the fact that all programs must be posted on the websites of municipalities. Also, several cases of changes in the plans for the improvement of yard territories approved by citizens were recorded, since the financing of the project decreased. One of the problems faced by the experts in the region is the lack of properly formalized rights of citizens to land plots under multi-apartment buildings (MKD). Because of this, problems arise for the further maintenance of the courtyard area and property located on it.

Thus, in the Primorsky Territory, demarcated yards owned by residents of MKDs were not included in the program for the formation of a modern urban environment. In addition, it turned out that most residents of the region do not know about the implementation of the project and, accordingly, do not participate in decision-making. At the same time, a meeting of the regional interdepartmental commission is held less than once every three months.

Based on the results of the inspection in the Tomsk region, the experts of the Center concluded that the representatives of the authorities responsible for the implementation of the priority project should be trained in the rules for holding meetings, the basics of information transparency and control over the quality of work. It turned out that the landscaping program for 2018–2022 do not include applications from residents who did not qualify for the program in 2017, but require people to re-collect documents and submit applications.

“Obviously, there are problems in the region with an integrated approach to the implementation of a priority project,” explained Rodion Gazizov, coordinator of the ONF Center for Monitoring the Improvement of the Urban Environment in the Tomsk Region. – For example, when landscaping a yard area, attention should be paid not only to asphalt paving, but also to the arrangement of storm sewers, the appearance of the facade of the house, and the presence of sidewalks. It is also important that residents do not have questions about the adequacy of the ratio of the amount of work actually carried out and their cost, so you need to talk with people, consult, take into account their opinion, explain what, how and why will be done.

In the Tula region, experts encountered the poor quality of landscaping work. For example, in regional center at 4 Leiteizena Street, the work has already been completed, however, according to the residents of the house, there are many shortcomings left: for example, there is no lawn on the territory, there is dirt around the slides and horizontal bars. People are also dissatisfied with the fact that they have lost benches near the entrances. ONF activists in the Tula region drew attention to these shortcomings and will make sure that they are eliminated.

IN Novgorod region According to experts, the authorities approached the implementation of the project formally. In practice, it turned out that when creating a modern urban environment, officials limited themselves to asphalting courtyards. In addition, the developed design projects were not approved by residents in certain districts of the Novgorod region, and the opinion of the public was not taken into account during meetings in public commissions.

In Udmurtia, there were also comments on the quality of landscaping work. Asphalt roads were also only repaired in almost all checked yards, and not everywhere with high quality. In addition, there are claims to the elements accessible environment, as well as inconsistency of design and estimate documentation with residents.

“Every time we remind you that the priority project “Creating a Comfortable Urban Environment” is aimed at involving residents themselves in the improvement processes, making yards and public spaces more convenient for them. However, many citizens simply do not know about the existence of the project, and this must be fought,” Svetlana Kalinina explained.

Around each apartment building there is a house adjoining territory, which belongs to all owners at the same time. The current legislation provides for regular work on its improvement. The plan of these works, quality standards and other rules are described in detail in the article.

The standards for the size of the territory, which belongs to the house, is regulated primarily by the Housing Code (Chapter 6). They also pay attention to urban planning acts, which depend on the specific locality, construction documents and Rules for the maintenance of common property related to an apartment building.

There is no single, specific formula for all cases. However, for each house there is a plan (you can see it in the Management Company or HOA), which clearly shows the boundaries of the territory.

Thus, to determine the area of responsibility for the care and improvement of the yard area First, the boundaries must be clearly defined.. Legally, it can be in municipal or private ownership. In the latter case, the land is considered to belong simultaneously to all owners in shares proportional to the areas of their apartments.

Responsible for landscaping

If the land belongs to the municipality, then representatives of the local Administration are responsible for the improvement. If the adjacent territory belongs to private property, the tenants are responsible. However, in this case, the owners, as a rule, transfer (delegate) their powers to a certain legal entity:

A management company that is responsible for the maintenance of common property, landscaping, yard cleaning, garbage disposal and much more;
House committee (from among the owners, appropriate responsible persons are appointed).

Thus, regardless of the size of the local area and the form of ownership of it Responsibility for maintenance lies with the owner(directly or indirectly - i.e. through an agreement with the Management Company). UK provides appropriate paid services paid at the accepted rate.

Apartment owners have the right to demand the fulfillment of obligations under the contract in full. The text of the agreement can be found in the company or taken from a responsible person (for example, from the chairman of the HOA or from the head of the house).

Expert opinion

Salomatov Sergey

Real Estate Expert

In the case of acquiring an apartment in a new building, the owners conclude a contract of sale with a construction company. An act of acceptance and transfer of property is also signed (both the house itself and the yard around it). The obligation of the developer to carry out the improvement of the yard should be spelled out in the contract. Otherwise, the owners will not be able to require him to carry out the relevant work.

List of landscaping works

A specific list of works is approved at the local level - in the resolutions of regional governments. Typically, such programs are called "Formation of a comfortable urban environment."

The final list of works can be determined individually for each apartment building. Residents at the general meeting of owners have the right to independently determine a specific list of responsibilities of the Management Company servicing the house (within their financial capabilities). The list of works usually includes the following types:

Cleaning of the entire area intended for common use, including allocated areas for parking.
Installation of garbage cans and urns.
The device of passage from asphalt, sidewalks.
Installation of curbs and curbs.
Lantern content street lighting, periodic inspection and repair work, elimination of consequences of emergencies.
Installation of lighting systems for additional purposes (for example, lighting on a sports, playground, etc.).
Creation, maintenance, expansion, modernization of a playground in the courtyard (and other active recreation areas, if available - for example, horizontal bars, exercise equipment, etc.).
Landscaping, maintenance of shrubs, trees, flower beds.
Painting of all stationary structures installed on the site, including fences, benches, bins, supports, etc.
Seasonal work related to ensuring the safety of residents and tenants - treatment of footpaths with an anti-icing mixture, destruction of icicles, icing, snow crust, etc.
Installation, maintenance and repair work on the fences of the site, its individual zones (for example, a flower garden, a playground).
Installation of ramps, railings, and other devices in the yard to create a comfortable environment for people with disabilities.
Coverage of the territory - natural or artificial turf, asphalt.
Installation of architectural structures, sculptures, small fountains, etc.
Creation of zones for walking animals, fencing, maintenance of these territories.

The volume of each type of work has its own unit of measure - in most cases it is a square meter, running meter or pieces. For example, curbs are measured in linear meters, asphalt laying is measured in m 2, and litter bins are installed in units.

Lists of works are compiled for each year, the content of the types of services and prices for them are specified as new information becomes available. Usually the document is approved in advance, before the new year.

Standards for carrying out basic work

Specific standards are established both at the level of federal and at the level of regional legislation ( regulations, GOSTs, SNiPs and other documents). The main source of information is the relevant Resolution of the State Construction Committee.

Asphalting

This is one of the most expensive budget items for landscaping yards. As a rule, before making a decision on repairs, at least half of the residents gather, who make the corresponding decision by a majority vote. The work is carried out at the expense of additional financing by the owners (or at the expense of income from the lease of a part of the local area).

Asphalt standards are as follows:

the height of the layer may differ from the accepted one by at least 15 cm;
the width of the coating directly around the house is at least 100 cm;
coverage on the roads directly adjacent to the entrances, as well as in the parking lot - is mandatory.

Fencing Rules

The construction of permanent fences is not prohibited by law, however, when carrying out work, several requirements must be taken into account:

The fence cannot block the passage, as well as the car entrance to the house.
The territory of the courtyard cannot be completely limited - so that residents of other courtyards cannot cross it without hindrance.
However, a playground or parking lot can be completely fenced.

Fences in the parking lot should not interfere with the passage to the house of special vehicles (police, ambulance, fire trucks, etc.).

Gardening rules

When carrying out the improvement of the yard, attention is almost always paid to the landscaping of the territory. It is subject to the following requirements:

Mowing lawns, shrubs, green hedges is carried out regularly (several times during the warm season).
Watering is timely, in a dry summer - enhanced.
The inadmissibility of unauthorized planting of shrubs and trees, as well as their uprooting.
Compliance with clear boundaries of the green zone, lawns. It is unacceptable to expand it at the expense of footpaths and other areas.
It is not allowed to use trees as poles, supports, advertising structures, etc.
Timely cleaning of dead wood, last year's grass.
It is forbidden to place parking spaces directly in the green zone.
It is allowed to erect low fences, signal posts for visual highlighting of lawns, areas with trees and shrubs.

Sometimes the green zone in the yards additionally contains an artificial reservoir. In this case, at the meeting of owners, it is necessary to develop a procedure for caring for water in order to avoid clogging the pond, water blooming, etc.

Arrangement of a playground

Responsibility for the construction of the playground lies with:

on the developer, if this clause was originally provided for in the contract (for new buildings);
on the owners of apartments, if the adjacent territory has already been privatized;
on the municipality (Administration), if there has been no privatization yet.

The requirements for the creation and maintenance of playgrounds are the most stringent, since it is primarily about the safety of children.

In general, when carrying out installation or repair work, the following requirements are adhered to:

The area for the site is chosen based on the fact that it should be the most distant from the roadway, garbage cans (at least 20 meters).
Along the perimeter, the site is fenced with trees that will provide shade in the summer.
Be sure to create a sand cushion to minimize injury when falling. Sand is replaced annually.
Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene standards.

Employees of the Management Company should monitor the condition of the territory. They clean up trash, make routine repairs, carry out regular inspections with reports, and so on.

GOST requirements for the improvement of playgrounds prescribe the creation of several zones for different age groups. In practice, this idea can not be implemented in all cases. Therefore, they are limited to installing at least one horizontal bar (simulator, game structure) for each age.

Maintenance and overhaul

Under major repairs understand the following types of work:

landscaping the yard with shrubs and trees, creating a hedge;
installation of fences, buildings;
asphalting of parking lots, intra-yard roads and footpaths.

Current repairs include:

patching of roads;
work on the maintenance of fences and buildings on the site;
repair work on children's and sports grounds.

How to participate in the beautification program

The maintenance of the house, including the adjoining territory, is carried out mainly by the Management Company, to which the tenants transfer these powers under the contract. However, in practice, its scope of responsibility is limited to garbage collection, lawn mowing, etc. To carry out a complete renovation of the playground, organize a recreation area and make other large-scale changes, residents have to contact the local Administration.

Step 1. Holding a general meeting

First of all, the owners should gather at a general meeting to decide on the preparation of a plan for the improvement of their yard. In practice, the same yard actually belongs to several apartment buildings at once. Therefore, it is advisable to organize a general meeting with the participation of the owners of all apartments belonging to the micro-site.

An initiative group is preliminarily assembled (for example, elders in the house, at the entrances, chairmen of the HOA) and draw up an announcement about the organization of the meeting. It reflects the information:

on the composition of the initiative group;
the date, time and place of the meeting;
on the agenda (including landscaping the yard).

The decision is taken by a simple majority of votes. At the same time, the quorum (the minimum required amount) is 50% of all owners. and signed by the members.

The results of the meeting are communicated to all owners by means of announcements within 10 calendar days after the decision is made. The requirements for drawing up a protocol should be specified in the relevant regulatory document (Order).

Step 2. Yard improvement plan

At the meeting, among other issues, the list, plan and procedure for landscaping the yard are discussed. The plan is drawn up with the involvement of specialists or without them. As a rule, the owners provide a complete list of all works, indicate them on the diagram.

Photo: Press services of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow. Denis Grishkin

The work is funded primarily from the sale of patents to individual entrepreneurs, income from paid city parking and income taxes. individuals from renting apartments.

Behind last years more than 22,000 courtyards were reconstructed in the capital, the Presidium of the Moscow Government said at a meeting.

“We have reconstructed, repaired, restored more than 22,000 Moscow courtyards. We are talking about the creation of sports, playgrounds, landscaping, the formation of a parking space and a number of other events. It is important that this work does not stop and continues at the systemic level,” said the Mayor of Moscow.

According to him, it is necessary to ensure control over what has already been done: to replace broken small architectural forms in a timely manner, to maintain sports and playgrounds in good condition. Improvement must also be provided with constant sources of funding. There are three main ones.

“The first is the parking fee, the second is the fee for patents that are collected in a particular area, and the third is the taxes that come from renting out housing (apartments). And part of the centralized sources that come directly from the budget of the city of Moscow. These are significant sources. Funding for them is increasing year by year. Next year, the volume of such funds will be considerable - it will amount to about 10 billion rubles. Moreover, they are distributed according to a clear, clear formula between prefectures and districts, ”Sergei Sobyanin specified.

The Mayor of Moscow stressed that now it is necessary to outline clear plans for the implementation of these programs and the use of these funds in such a way that all projects are created taking into account the opinion of the citizens and assume the constant renovation of the capital's courtyards so that they are constantly in good condition.

The Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Housing and Utilities and Improvement reported on the implementation of the yard area improvement program.

“Since 2011, the city has been running a program for the comprehensive improvement of courtyard areas. The allocated amount of funding over the past years has made it possible to repair and carry out a comprehensive improvement of Moscow courtyards. Moreover, since 2016, the main source of funding has been incentives for district administrations,” the deputy mayor said.

He noted that some of the yards were renovated as part of the My Street program. These are yards located next to landscaping areas.

“There are more than 24 thousand households in the capital, including 22.5 thousand households within the old city limits. To date, 22.5 thousand households have been put in order, overhauled as part of the standard for comprehensive improvement, safe operation,” said Pyotr Biryukov.

The program of repair and arrangement of yard areas for this year has been completed. “The priority task for 2017 and subsequent years is to maintain all courtyard areas in a technically sound condition in accordance with regulatory requirements, as well as to ensure the safety of various elements and small architectural forms in landscaped areas. The condition of Moscow yards today makes it possible to switch to a rhythmic overhaul interval, depending on the technical condition of one or another yard,” the Deputy Mayor noted.

In 2017, it is planned to improve about three thousand courtyards, repair or rebuild 820 playgrounds, 41 children's playgrounds, 468 sports grounds, 188 quiet recreation areas, 403 pet walking areas, 16 utility sites. It is also planned to repair asphalt and fences, create additional car parking spaces, landscaping, and put container areas and other facilities in order.

The city program for the comprehensive improvement of courtyard areas has been implemented in Moscow since 2011. In 2011-2014, within the framework of this program, a centralized repair and comprehensive improvement of courtyard areas were carried out. As a result, Moscow courtyards were brought into line with the new standard of comfort.

It includes:

— reasonable and safe organization of the yard space;

- separation of space for cars (parking, roadway) from space for people (sidewalks, children's, sports and other playgrounds);

- landscaping (trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns);

— high-quality infrastructure for recreation and sports for all categories of residents (modern playgrounds, inter-quarter playgrounds, sports grounds, outdoor exercise equipment complexes, quiet recreation areas);

- at the request of residents, restriction of entry into the yards of foreign vehicles (barriers).

In 2015, landscaping work was carried out in 4,047 courtyards, including a comprehensive overhaul in 1,578 courtyards. In 2016 - in 3050 yards, including a comprehensive overhaul touched 2078 yards.

In total, from 2011 to 2016, 22,288 sites for various purposes were overhauled or rebuilt in Moscow courtyards. Among them, there are 16,832 playgrounds, 1,664 inter-quarter playgrounds, 1,194 sports grounds, and 2,598 other playgrounds. More than 3.5 thousand sets of outdoor exercise equipment were installed in the yards, 29.6 million were replaced square meters asphalt pavement.

The financing mechanisms used in Moscow provide:

— maintenance of the yard infrastructure (children's slides, simulators and other equipment) in good condition;

— regular (on average once every seven years) repair of yard areas;

— implementation of projects for additional improvement of courtyard areas based on the wishes of residents.

Simultaneously with the improvement of courtyards in Moscow, the entrances of apartment buildings are being repaired and put in order. On average, about 20 thousand of them are repaired annually, which allows maintaining all 105.9 thousand Moscow entrances in good condition.

So, in 2016, 22,335 entrances were repaired, the plan for 2017 is 20,661 entrances. The work is funded by the management companies.

https://www.site/2017-03-28/pochemu_partiynyy_proekt_er_po_blagoustroystvu_dvorov_mozhet_dorogo_oboytis_rossiyanam

“Residents will themselves be responsible for the path to the entrance - clean it, repair it ...”

Why the EP party project for the improvement of yards can cost Russians dearly

"United Russia" launched a project, about the "pitfalls" of which Yaromir Romanov prefers to be modestly silent

In Russia, a global program for the improvement of yards is starting, for which more than 20 billion rubles are allocated from the federal budget. Although the funds are completely budgetary, it is called the United Russia party project. But under the guise of landscaping the yards, the Russians are in fact shifting the costs of their maintenance and repair, including the repair of yard roads. Moreover, if the residents do not agree to this, the territory in front of their houses can go to anyone, the deputies note, and another supermarket will appear in the yard instead of a swing.

In all cities of Russia, public hearings are now being held on the program for the improvement of courtyards and squares, designed for 2017-2020. Without a doubt, it has many advantages. Broken roads, broken carousels and randomly parked cars will be replaced by order. But there are also pitfalls that the authorities prefer to remain silent about.

The program is divided into two parts: compulsory and optional. If the yard takes part in it, yard driveways will be repaired at the expense of federal funds, lighting of the yard will be provided, benches and trash cans will be installed. Everything else - children's and sports grounds, parking lots, landscaping and fences - with co-financing from homeowners. They can either pay 3% of the estimated cost, or give "workdays" - to participate in the community work day, painting or gardening.

Yards should decide on participation in the program this year by April 15, at least in Chelyabinsk.

However, before preparing an application, it is worth understanding one important point: participation in the project automatically implies a survey of the yard territory, after which the residents, and not the state, will become the owners. Thus, all maintenance and repair is shifted to their shoulders.

The land surveying project itself is paid by the owners and will cost about 25 thousand rubles, Dmitry Kholod, coordinator of the party project “Comfortable urban environment”, Deputy of the Chelyabinsk City Duma. “We need to make cadastral plans, measure everything, people go to the territory. It’s normal, there’s nothing to worry about,” he explained. - On average, if you scatter 25 thousand rubles for an 80-apartment building, you get 312 rubles a year. You can pay at a time, those who have no money can be stretched for 2-3 months.

The deputy confirmed that after the obligatory land survey, residents will be responsible for the yard, including the repair of roads inside - those that pass in front of the entrances. “The path in front of the entrances will go to the residents. They will clean it on their own, repair it, lay asphalt. The municipality reserves the roads between the yards,” Kholod said.

Nail Fattakhov

However, the Russians will not be able to influence the quality of the roads they receive as property. Contractors will be selected by administrations through municipal tenders under Federal Law-44. There is no other mechanism, at least for now. Moreover, on average, only about 1 million rubles are allocated for the improvement of the yard. Dmitry Kholod reassures that the repaired roads will be given a three- or five-year warranty. But again, residents will not be able to demand warranty repairs directly - only through the administration that conducted the auction.

Kholod believes that there will be no increase in housing costs. “The owners at the general meeting approve the tariff for the year. People themselves decided what they needed, and taking into account the objective situation, they calculated the tariff,” he said.

“In the event that there is a survey of the yard territory, in fact the maintenance of the yards is thrown off to the residents. But not in every house they will be able to agree on the same repair of the road, because this means an increase in their costs. After all, now the tenants pay practically nothing, except for the work of a janitor, ”says our interlocutor.

Member of the Legislative Assembly Chelyabinsk region Ilya Barkhatov considers the idea of a party project for the improvement of yards to be positive. “This problem is acute in all regions of our country. There is a "but" here. In order for the yard to be beautiful and clean always, and not only after the party project, the adjacent territory must be demarcated, that is, be owned by residents. And this is not easy to do - time, money, of course, and plus the property tax fee that every resident of the house will have to pay. And the amount is rather big - the larger the premises and the adjoining territory, the greater the amount on the ticket, ”Barkhatov believes.

How residents of Chelyabinsk share 377 million rubles allocated for the improvement of courtyards

His colleague in the Legislative Assembly, Olga Mukhometyarova, in turn, notes that the yards are common areas, therefore, they are not subject to taxation. Nevertheless, the expenses of Russians due to spending on the maintenance of households will increase. And yet, it is better for citizens now to take the land in the yards, otherwise there may be serious problems. “If you don’t need the land, someone else will need it,” she warns. - According to the law, entrepreneurs can apply for a land plot if it is formed, but no one applies for it. And after a while you will see kiosks, parking or a store in the courtyard.

By the way, this is how many people close to power made their fortunes. “According to the allotment act, they took the land, put a small shed there as an object of capital construction. And then they bought this plot under the law on privatization for next to nothing. Then they sold it to some retailer for millions,” Mukhometyarova said.

The plans of the authorities for five years - until 2022 - to repair all yards and transfer them to the responsibility of residents, said Dmitry Kholod. But in the conditions of a stagnating economy, the Russians will be able to withstand another burden, because the state itself needed a whole party project to improve the yards.