The Ukrainian state is located in Eastern Europe. This country borders on Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova and Russia. It has access to the Black and Azov Seas.
In ancient times, the current Ukrainians were called Little Russians and Rusyns. Ukrainian nationality originates from Eastern Slavs. Ukrainians live mostly in their own territories. But in some countries you can still meet representatives of this nationality: In Russia, the USA, Canada and other states.
Poleshchuks, Boikos, Hutsuls, Lemkos - all these ethnographic groups belong to the Ukrainian people.
Peoples inhabiting Ukraine
Today, the main population of Ukraine are Ukrainians and Russians themselves. Also, Belarusians, Moldovans, Tatars, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Romanians and Poles live in Ukrainian territories.
In addition, some Ukrainians live in foreign territories: in Canada, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Brazil, Argentina and Australia.
The Ukrainian nationality is also made up of foreign Rusyns - Slovaks, Serbs, Americans and Canadians. Also, many Hutsuls live in Ukraine.
Modern Ukraine for a long time included Slavic-speaking and Iranian-speaking peoples. Gradually, the Iranians were evicted by the Turks. The Germans also lived here for some time. But the Greeks, Armenians and Jews lived the longest in the Ukrainian lands.
IN Soviet times the composition of the population of Ukraine has changed somewhat - Jews, Poles, Germans, Tatars began to leave the territory of Ukraine, and at the same time the Russian people began to move there.
The ethnic structure of Ukraine changed under the influence of both external and internal factors - religion, differences in living standards, historical events and foreign policy.
Culture and life of Ukraine
Ukrainian life is full of color and religiosity. Tourists have always admired the beauty of the nature of these places and the character of the people.
The main feature of the Ukrainian nationality is the love for work and agriculture. This feature appeared in ancient times, because the Ukrainian people have always depended on the agricultural year.
What is a tradition or custom in many countries is commonplace and everyday for Ukrainians. For example, folk songs. People just need to entertain themselves by working in the fields.
If speak about national clothes, then the male outfit cannot be compared in brightness and beauty with the female one. A beautiful shirt with embroidery is belted with a hem. A velvet or silk corset and an embroidered apron are worn over this. Clothing is decorated with multi-colored ribbons, giving a special colorfulness to the outfit. The headdress is of particular importance - unmarried women wore a flower wreath, married women wore a high ochipok covering their hair.
A men's suit looks much simpler than a woman's: a long shirt, harem pants, a sleeveless jacket and a long belt.
Family in Ukraine is of great importance. Therefore, Ukrainians observe all the rules of marriage and family life.
Traditions and customs in Ukraine
Ukrainians have always honored and respected the traditions of their ancestors. And even after the adoption of Christianity, they were able to connect their past with the present.
Speaking of religious traditions, it is worth noting Christmas, Maslenitsa, Easter, Trinity and Ivan Kupala.
Christmas in Ukraine begins with the celebration of Holy Evening on January 6th. On this day, people cook kutya and uzvar. And on Christmas, each family sets up a festive table overflowing with meat dishes.
One of the Christmas customs is carols. Carol-makers go from house to house and collect gifts and goodies. They distribute roles among themselves - birch, latkovy, treasurer, bread-bearer, star star, dancer, etc.
Maslenitsa is still a pre-Christian holiday. It is held in honor of the end of winter and the onset of warm days. Today this holiday is held a week before Lent. As a rule, these days people cook pancakes with various fillings, treat each other, burning the effigy of Winter.
An Easter custom is to dye chicken eggs and bake Easter cakes. People meet each other with the words: "Christ is Risen!", and in response they hear: "Truly Risen!".
The feast of the Trinity is celebrated for 3 days. Green Sunday is the day when girls perform divination rites. It is believed that on this day the predictions come true. Checkered Monday is the day of consecration of fields from fires, hail and crop failure. The third day is Bogodukh's day. On this day, the girls play various games.
The holiday of Ivan Kupala is famous for its mysticism. They say that on this day you can hear the conversations of evil spirits. And if you bathe in a spring or drink dew, then all negativity is washed off a person.
Topic: Ukraine is a great country to spend your holidays!
Topic: Ukraine is a wonderful country for a vacation!
Ukraine is a country located in the center of Europe. It has a long history, beautiful landscapes, interesting traditions and rich culture. It has approximately 45 millions inhabitants and the area is 603,628 square kilometers. The capital of this county is Kyiv, which is proud of its architectural monuments, green parks and squares.
Ukraine is a country located in the center of Europe. It has a long history, beautiful scenery, interesting traditions and rich culture. It has approximately 45 million inhabitants and its area is 603,625 square kilometers. The capital of this country is the beautiful and ancient city of Kyiv, which is proud of its architectural monuments, green parks and beautiful squares.
If you have decided to visit this country, you can be sure that your trip will not be boring and you will get great impressions. Ukraine offers a long list of places to visit. Among them, there are the Carpathians, where you can breathe and see amazing nature. If you love the extreme, you can go hiking and climbing. If you are visiting Ukraine in summer, there are many lakes, where you can spend unforgettable time. If you are interested , you can visit Zaporizhzhia, where the kozaks lived. There are also a lot of castles in different parts of the country and a big number of ancient churches. Kyiv, Lviv, Kamianets Podilskyi, Kharkiv, Odessa, and Chernivtsi are among the most famous cities. Corrected: There also a lot of castles in different parts of the country and a big number of ancient churches. Among the most famous cities are Kyiv, Lviv, Kamianets Podilskyi, Kharkiv, Odessa, and Chernivtsi.
If you decide to visit this country, then you can be sure that your trip will not be boring and you will get wonderful impressions. Ukraine provides a large list of places to visit. Among them are the Carpathians, where you can breathe fresh air and see amazing nature. If you like extreme sports, you can try rock climbing and hiking in the mountains. If you are in Ukraine in the summer, there are many lakes where you can spend an unforgettable time. If you are interested in the history of Ukraine, you can visit Zaporozhye, where the Cossacks lived. There are also many castles in different parts of the country and a large number of temples. Among the most famous cities are Kyiv, Lvov, Kamyanets Podolsky, Kharkiv, Odessa and Chernivtsi.
A great idea will be to visit Truskavets or Morshyn where there are the healing springs. This water contains a lot of vitamins and minerals, which can help to improve the immune system. If you adore skiing, in Ukraine you can find luxury resorts. There you will spend a great time, get unforgettable impressions and meet a lot of interesting people.
Also in this country there are resorts where you can relax and improve your health. It would be a good idea to visit Truskavets or Morshyn, where there are healing springs. Their water contains many vitamins and minerals that help improve the immune system. If you are passionate about skiing, you will find luxury resorts in Ukraine. There you can have a good time, get unforgettable impressions and meet many interesting people.
As it was mentioned earlier, this country has a rich culture. It is famous for its songs, traditions, interesting legends and fairy tales. Ukrainian people have created a lot of unique . of this country is an embroidered blouse called “vyshyvanka”. There are many variants and designs of this blouse, so that everyone can find something for himself or herself. so all the traditions are connected with the celebration of the religious holidays. Children and adults will show interest in special fairy tales, based on historical events.
As already mentioned, this country has a rich culture. It is famous for its songs, traditions and big amount symbols, interesting legends and fairy tales. Ukrainians have come up with many unique musical instruments. A special symbol of this country is an embroidered blouse called "vyshyvanka". There are many variations and designs of this blouse, so there is something for everyone. Most Ukrainians are Christians, so traditions are associated with the celebration of religious holidays. Children and adults will be interested in special fairy tales based on historical events.
Ukrainian cuisine is very special. Here you can taste many dishes. (“borshch”), dumplings (“varenyky”), fat (“salo”). In addition, you to try different sweet cakes, tasty salads, unique main dishes, homegrown vegetables and fruits. Ukrainian women bake very tasty bread, so do not waste an opportunity to taste it.
Ukrainian Traditions
Ukrainians have old national traditions. When it is a religious holiday in the calendar, the Ukrainian families go to the church to pray, on these days we are taught not to work.
Nativity to our Lord is celebrated all over the world. In Ukraine it is celebrated on the 7th, 8th, 9th of January. On these days all the family gets together to have the Christmas supper, during which 12 dishes must be put on the table. Christmas carols are sung by children and grownups. It is a tradition to go from one house to another singing carrols.
We have one more great holiday - the Easter, it "s Resurrection of our Lord. In our Ukrainian tradition Easter is the greatest holiday of the year, while in Western Christians the greatest holiday is Christmas. We are persecuted by our enemies too long. That "s why the Resurrection of our Lord, the victory of Lord"s truth is for us the most important assurance in our victory. The traditional Easter greeting is "Lord has Resurrected, Really it has Resurrected" is often changed and quite right like .
"Lord has Resurrected – Ukraine has Resurrected". On Saturday afternoon or on Sunday early morning people put Easter, painted Easter eggs, butter, cheese, salt, sausage, horse-radish on the best embroidered napkin in the basket and go to church to holy all this. Cross is the main decoration of the basket. They sing Resurrection songs.
Pisanka (painted Easter egg) is one of the most interesting forms of Ukrainian decorative art. Ukrainian spring pisanka has always been considered as an example of the artistic taste. It is no wonder that the great Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko, in describing the Ukrainian country-side compares it with a beautiful pisanka.
Ukrainian traditions
Ukrainians cherish old national traditions. If it is religiously holy in the calendar, the Ukrainian motherland go to the church to pray, at the beginning of the day we should start praying.
The nation of Christ is celebrated throughout the whole world. In Ukraine, it is celebrated on 7, 8 and 9 September. On this day, the whole homeland gathers for the Rizdvyana Supper, stretching out like 12 slumbers on the table. Christmas songs are sung by children and grown-ups. The tradition is to go from one house to the next and sing carols.
We may have one more great holy day - the Great Day, the resurrection of Christ. In our Ukrainian tradition, the Great Day is the most holy of fate, if in Western Christians the most holy is Rіzdvo. Our enemies have been following us for a long time. For this very reason, the Resurrection of Christ, the victory of the truth of the Lord for us, is the ultimate guarantee of our victory. The traditional Great Day celebration - "Christ is Risen, Truly Risen" - is often said by people one to one.
"Christ is Risen - Ukraine is Risen". On Saturday, after an obidu, or in the week early in the morning, people put farbovany Great eggs, butter, sir, silt, cowbass, horseradish on the best embroidered towel near the cat and go to the church to sanctify everything. The cross is the head embellishment of the basket. The stinks sing the Great Day songs.
Pysanka (poached the Great Egg) is one of the most famous forms of Ukrainian decorative art. The Ukrainian spring pysanka always looked like a butt of artistic relish. It is not surprising that the great Taras Shevchenko, the Ukrainian singer, in the description of the Ukrainian landscape is equal to yoga with a beautiful Easter egg.
Volkova O.Yu., Pogozhikh G.M. Mustache of topics. English. - H.: Torsing plus, 2013. - 608 p.
Ukrainians, like other peoples, cherish their own voices and traditions: a lot of them are already a long time ago, deacons are contagious. Most of the sounds are connected with religious saints and with the Ukrainian dwelling. The most popular day of St. Novy Rik, vіn is celebrated on the 1st day of the month. Ahead of the day, holy children and fathers adorn the yalinka with glittering sacks and other festive embellishments.
Mothers of families prepare holy days. All day long, people exchange gifts with their relatives and friends: often they go to see them and ask for the New River at once. The stench is making up the holy days of the 12th anniversary of the 12th anniversary of the kelihi from champagne and saying one to one "Happy New Rock!" Ale Orthodox Church in Ukraine St. New Year's Day 14 September according to the old style. On the evening of September 13, children go from the house to the house and sing carols: the stench of the mustache is the best for people who live near these houses.
Zvichayno, spіvakam give deak to the city - tsukerki, pies and not a lot of pennies.
Orthodox Ukrainians celebrate Christmas on the 6th of September; the evening before Christmas is called the Holy Evening. On the Holy Vechir, the entire homeland is gathered at once for a festive supper. In line with religious tradition, it is necessary to cook 12 different dishes according to the number of apostles; no one can eat at the table until the first star appears in the sky. Ale, in front of the English lands, people in Ukraine do not exchange gifts all day long.
At the holidays, the viruyuchi go to the church; deyakі from them to spend the whole night there - stink to pray and hear different religious songs that glorify the day of the birth of Christ.
In the winter it is religiously holy - the Twelfth day of the Waterfall, which is celebrated in memory of the water-baptism of Jesus Christ (September 19). On the eve of this holy evening, people sing songs that are called "Generous" - the very same evening is also called "Generous Evening". Early on Vodohresche, the svyatkovskaya procession went from the church to the river chi to the waters, where the water was crossed by water. After whom the priest sanctifies the houses and speeches of people. The great day is otherwise great religiously holy: it is wonderfully holy in one week of spring. All day long, I believe to go to the church and listen to the service; really stink
The Ukrainians, like any other people, have their own customs and traditions: many of these are very old, some appear nowadays. Most of the customs are connected with the religious festivals or with Ukrainian dwellings. The most popular of the holidays is the New Year day; it is celebrating on the 1st of January. On the eve of the holiday children and their parents decorate a New Year's Tree with shining balls and other Christmas ornaments. The mothers of the families prepare holiday dinners. On that day people exchange presents with their relatives and friends: they often go to see them or invite them to their place to see in the New Year together. They lay festive tables and at 12 o’clock raise their glasses with champagne and say to each other “Happy New Year”. But the Orthodox Church in Ukraine celebrates New Year on the 14th of January to the old-style Calendar. In the evening on the 13th of January children go from house to house and sing Christmas carols: they wish all the best to the people who live in these houses. Of course, the carol-singers are given some reward - sweets, cakes or a little money.
The Orthodox Ukrainian people celebrate Christmas on January, 6: the evening before Christmas is called the Holy Evening. On the Holy Evening all the family get together to have the Christmas Supper. According to the religious tradition, it is necessary to prepare 12 different dishes because of 12 apostles; no one at the table can eat till the first star appears in the sky. But, unlike in the English-speaking countries, in Ukraine people do not exchange presents on that day. On the Christmas Evening the religious people go to church; some of them spend the whole night there - they pray and listen to Christmas religious songs which glorify Christ's birthday. Another religious festival in winter is Twelfth-day or the Jordanian Holiday which is celebrated on memory of Jesus Christ’s christening (on the 19th of January). On the eve of this holiday at their supper people sing songs which are called “the generous songs” - that is why this evening is called “the generous evening”, too. In the morning of the Jordanian Holiday the festival procession goes from a church to a river or to a pond where christening of water takes place. After that the priest consecrates the peoples' homes and things. Easter is another great religious festival: usually it is celebrated on one of Sundays in spring. On that day the religious people go to church and listen to the service; usually they bring with them baskets with food - Easter cakes, butter, cheese and, of course, painted eggs.
The priest in the church consecrates all the food: many people believe that the Easter eggs possess magic power and can protect from evil, thunder or fire and have healing powers. In the morning after the end of the service, the people greet each other with the words: “Christ has resurrected!” and return home for breakfast. They celebrate Easter as the beginning of spring, too. There are many other interesting customs and traditions in Ukraine, too.
Vocabulary:
- dwelling ["dwelirj] - dwelling, place of residence
- Jesus Christ ["d3i:zas" kraist] - Jesus Christ
- carol - hymn, carol
- to glorify ["giant ai] - condition
- Holy ["hah] - holy
- Jordanian Holiday - Khreshchennya
- Orthodox ["o: 0adaks] - Orthodox
- to consecrate ["kansi, kreit] - consecrate
- to pray - pray
Questions:
- What are the most important religious festivals of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine?
- When do we observe Christmas in Ukraine?
- How do people in Ukraine celebrate the New Year?
- What is the Jordanian Holiday?
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Homework on the topic: Ukrainian Traditions and Religious Festivals.
| On English language | Translating to Russian language |
| Ukrainian Traditions | Ukrainian traditions |
| Every country has its own customs and traditions, which were formed over centuries. Ukrainian traditions are interesting and versatile. They mean a lot for local people. Even young people eagerly respect and follow them. National traditions determine the way people live: their language, religion, life values, relationships, even food and clothing. Like in many countries, traditions in Ukraine are closely connected with everyday life and the agricultural calendar. Ukrainians also have harvest songs for seasonal works, certain entertainments, ritual greetings and even superstitions. For example, local people believe that shaking hands in the doorway may bring misfortune, or sitting between two people with the same name brings luck. Ukrainians are family-oriented people. The origination and existence of the family is followed by many rituals and rules. For example, there are certain merry elements of formal marriage proposal, engagement and bachelorette party. The ceremony of marriage in Ukraine is called “veselye”, which literally means “fun”. Very often parents and even grandparents live with their children and help them to raise the kids. This tradition goes back to old times, when the majority of Ukrainians lived in villages. Poetic and mysterious is the Midsummer Night or the holiday of Ivana Kupala. Young girls, wearing flower wreaths, sing and dance in a ring. Afterwards, they put their wreaths into the water and watch their way. This ritual shows the girls' future and fortune. Christmas night is also a good time for fortune-telling. Ukrainians are known for their hospitality. They like having guests over and for this occasion they put all the best food on the table. | Each country has its own customs and traditions that have been formed over the centuries. Ukrainian traditions are interesting and varied. They mean a lot to the locals. Even young people respect them and gladly follow them. National traditions determine the way people live: their language, religion, life values, attitudes, even food and clothing style. As in many countries, traditions in Ukraine are closely connected with everyday life and agricultural calendar. Ukrainians have their own songs for harvesting during seasonal work, certain entertainments, ritual greetings and even superstitions. For example, locals believe that shaking hands at the door is not a good sign, and sitting between two people with the same name is good luck. Ukrainians are family-oriented people. The formation and existence of a family is accompanied by many rituals and rules. For example, there are certain fun elements of a formal marriage proposal, matchmaking, and bachelorette party. The marriage ceremony in Ukraine is called “vesillya”, which literally translates as “fun”. Often, parents and even grandparents live with their children to help raise their children. This tradition dates back to the old days when most Ukrainians lived in villages. The feast of Ivan Kupala is considered poetic and mysterious. Young girls in flower wreaths sing and dance in a round dance. After that, they put their wreaths on the water and watch them. This ritual shows the future and fate of the girls. Christmas night is also good for divination. Ukrainians are famous for their hospitality. They love to host guests and put the best food on the table for the occasion. |
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