War German conjugation. Sein and haben - German language online - Start Deutsch. Choosing a verb as an auxiliary: H ABEN or SEIN

With additional explanations.

What you can do after this lesson:
What is your name, what do you do (study, work, retired), where do you live, how old are you
Use the phrases that are often used in your Everyday life Germans

The German language has the following pronouns:

Iron rule of the German language: All verbs in German always have a stem plus the ending -en or just -n

Wohnen (live)
denken (to think)
heißen (to name, to be called)
lernen (to teach)
studieren (to study)
verdienen (earn)
arbeiten (to work)
kommen (come, come)
sprechen (to speak)
speichern (save, save)

In order to correctly put the verb in the desired form, for example, the verb “to live” is wohnen, and to say “he lives”, and not “he lives”, you need to remove this ending -en and, depending on the pronoun, add the following endings to the stem verb:

Ich wohn + e - I live
Du wohn + st - you live
Er, sie, es wohn + t - he, she, it lives
Wir wohn + en - we live
Ihr wohn + t - you live
Sie, sie wohn + en - You live, they live

The verb “think” that is often used in life is denken:

Ich denk + e - I think
Du denk + st - do you think
Er, sie, es denk + t - he, she, it thinks
Wir denk + en - we think
Ihr denk + t - you think
Sie, sie denk+en - Do you think they think

The verb heißen is to name, to be called (the letter ß is read as "ss"). Without it, you can not introduce yourself or ask what this or that object is called. It changes a little against the rules, but at this stage you just need to remember it.

Ich heiße - my name is
Du heißt - your name is
Er, sie, es heißt - his, her name; it is called
Wir heißen - we are called
Ihr heißt - your name is
Sie, sie heißen - Your name is; calling them

Iron rule of the German language: VERB always comes in 2nd place!

Exercise 1.
Ich heiss _______ Peter. (heißen - to name, to be called)
Ich lern _______ Deutsch. (lernen - to teach)
Ich wohn _______ in Moscow. (wohnen - to live; in Moskau - in Moscow)
Ich studier _________ nothing. (studieren - to teach, to study, nicht - not)
Ich verdien _______ gut. (verdienen - to earn, gut - good)
Aber ich arbeit ________ viel. (aber - but; arbeiten - work; viel - a lot)
Mein Freund komm ________ aus Deutschland. (mein Freund - my friend; kommen - come, come; aus Deutschland - from Germany)
Er heiss _______ Richard.
Er arbeit _________ hier auch. (also - also)
Erwohn _________ in Moscow.

Exercise 2.
Ihr lern _______ Deutsch.
Wir studier _______ viel.
Duwohn __________ in Moscow.
Ihr studier _________ zusammen. (zusammen - together)
Sie (she) lern _______ hier.
Er arbeit _______ dort. (dort - there)
Die Gruppe arbeit ________ zusammen. (die Gruppe - group)

You may have noticed that some of the words in the exercises are capitalized.

Iron rule of the German language: All nouns are capitalized.

Now let's add your age to this. We confine ourselves to those numerals that are most often used in life.

To the numerals, we add another very important verb sein in German - “to be”. An analogue of the English "to be". In Russian, a dash is often replaced or simply omitted.

Foreigners say:
I am a man. He is in the park. She is at home. We are in Kyiv. They are satisfied. I am sick. She is healthy.
We are speaking:
I am a man. He (is) in the park. She (is) at home. We (are) in Kyiv. They (are) satisfied. I (are) ill. She (is) healthy.

The verb does not change according to the rules, you just need to remember:

With the verb sein you can talk about age:

Ich bin sechsundzwanzig(26) Jahre alt (literally "I am 26 years old") - I am 26 years old.
Er ist vierzig(40) Jahre alt - he is 40 years old.
Du bist zwanzig(20) Jahre alt - you are 20 years old.

Exercise 3. The verb sein (to be).
Ich _____ Student. (student)
Ich_____faul. (lazy)
Ich ______ nicht verheiratet. (verheiratet sein - to be married, to be married; nicht - not)
Sie _____ ledig. (ledig - unmarried, unmarried)
Der Text ______ schwer. (der Text - text, schwer - complex)
Der Platz hier _______ frei. (der Platz - place; hier - here; frei - free)
Wir_______ aus Moscow. (aus Moskau - from Moscow)
Das ______ ein Zimmer. (das Zimmer - room)
Das _______ die Leute. (die Leute - people)
Mein Name _______ Alexander. (mein Name - my name)
Du _______ mein Freund. (mein Freund is my friend)
Du______toll. (toll - super, class)
Ich ______ der Rentner. (der Rentner - retired)

Language support: http://speakasap.com/pomosh_v_nemeckom_yazyke.html ( [email protected])

Let's sum it up nicely:

You can already tell what your name is, where you live, where you work, where you come from, whether you earn well, whether you study or work, how old you are.

Phrases that Germans use with the verb sein:
Das ist toll! - it's great, class!
Das ist wunderbar! - it's amazing!
Das ist köstlich is delicious
Ich bin müde - I'm tired
Ich bin zufrieden - I am satisfied
Ich bin unzufrieden - I am unhappy
Ich bin satt - I'm full, I'm full
Ich bin fertig - I'm ready

The well-known phrase Das ist phantastisch! for 3 years of living in Austria and Germany, I have never heard from the lips of a German :)
Yes, and the Germans don't say arbEIten, they say Arbeiten with an accent on the first letter. This is how the knowledge of the German language reaches us a little distorted.
If you don't want to be deported or completely ignored in Germany, it's better not to shout out phrases like Hände hoch, nicht schießen, Hitler kaput at every corner, demonstrating your erudition :)

There is no correspondence to the German verb sein in Russian. It is used as an auxiliary verb to form past compound tenses in German (eg Perfekt) and also as a linking verb. Compare the following examples:

I am a student. Pine is a coniferous tree.
Russian proposal can be formed without a verb. This is not possible in the German sentence:

Ich binStudent. Die Fichte ist ein Nadelbaum. Linking verb as part of a compound nominal predicate must be present.

Verb conjugations sein

Ich bin student. Wir sind Praktikanten.
Du best Lehrerin. Ihr seid Betreuer.
Er ist bauer. Sie sind Erzieherinnen.
Sie ist Erztin.
Es ist kalt. Sie sind professoren.

Read more about the conjugation of the verb sein

Exercises/Übungen

1. Insert the appropriate form of the verb “sein”

1. Deutschland… ein Bundesstaat.
2. Wir … endlich in Berlin!
3. Sveta und Igor… Praktikanten.
4. Berlin … die Hauptstadt von Deutschland.
5. Hallo Nina! … du hier schon lange?
6. Die Ostsee und die Nordsee … die natürlichen Grenzen Deutschlands im Norden.
7. Die Währung von Deutschland … Euro.
8. Welche Länder … zurzeit in der Europäischen Union (EU)?
9. …ihr Betreuer oder auch Praktikanten?
10. Meine Gastfamilie …eine Bäckerfamilie.

2. Make sentences paying attention to the use of articles:

For example: Der Weizen ist eine Getreideart.

3. Do you know the capitals? Continue suggestions:

1. Die Hauptstadt von Armenien ist ... .
2. Die Hauptstadt von Weißrussland ist ... .
3. Die Hauptstadt von Russland ist ... .
4. Die Hauptstadt von Kirgisien ist ... .
5. Die Hauptstadt von Kasachstan ist ... .
6. Die Hauptstadt von der Ukraine ist ... .
7. Die Hauptstadt von Moldawien ist ... .
8. Die Hauptstadt von Usbekistan ist ... .

→Kiew, Astana, Bischkek, Minsk, Taschkent, Moskau, Kischinau, Eriwan, Baku.

4. Ask 7-8 questions about the capitals and answer them using the negative. For example:

East London die Hauptstadt von Deutschland? – Nein, die Hauptstadt von Deutschland ist nicht London, Sondern Berlin.

5. Fill in the gaps in the dialogue by inserting the appropriate form of the verb "sein".

Claus: Robert, wo … du?
Robert: Ich…hier! Aber ihr … nothing hier. Wo…ihr?
iris: Wir…hier!
Robert: Nein, ihr… nothing da! Wo…ihr?
Claus: Wir - Iris und ich - ... hier! Wo…du, Robert?
Robert: Ich…hier! Ich finde euch nothing! Wo…ihr?
iris: Hier! Wir…hier!
Robert: Na endlich! Da…ihr ja!

In German, the verb (verb) sein can be called the main one. With its help, tenses and other language constructions, as well as idioms, are built. German verb. sein in its functionality is an analogue of the English verb. to be. It has the same meaning and also changes its form when conjugated.

German verb. sein as an independent verb. in its full lexical meaning is translated as "to be". In the present tense (Präsens) it is conjugated like this:

Singular (singular)

Ic h (I) - bin (is)

Du (you) - bist (is)

Er / sie / es (he / she / it) - ist (is)

plural (plural)

Wir (we) - sind (is)

Ihr (you) - seid (is)

Sie / sie (you / they) - sind (is)

In the past incomplete tense (Präteritum) it is conjugated like this:

Singular (singular)

Ich (I) - war (was / was)

Du (you) - warst (was / was)

Er / sie / es (he / she / it) - war (was / was / was)

plural (plural)

Wir (we) - waren (were)

Ihr (you) - wart (were)

Sie / sie (you / they) - waren (were)

The third form of the verb sein - gewesen is not conjugated.

By its structure, a German sentence cannot exist without a verb, in the case of the verb sein, when translating, we do not always translate it.

For example: Ich bin der Zahnarzt und meine Ehefrau ist die Deutschlehrerin. I am a dentist and my wife is a German teacher.

Heute sind sehr viele Program in diesem Gebiet. - Today there are a lot of programs in this area.

We can use the German verb. sein in twelve different shades:

- 1. when indicating (indicative) the quality, condition or status of someone or something: Das Wetter ist gut. - Good weather. Meine Mutter ist die Hausfrau. - My mom is a housewife.

- 2. at the decree. and the location or location of someone or something: Weißt du, wo meine Schlüssel sind? Do you know where my keys are?

- 3. at the decree. the time and place of someone's event: Weißt du noch, wann die erste Mondlandung war? Do you know when the first moon landing was?

- 4. + zu + Infinitiv when indicated. to the fact that something must happen or something needs to be done: Die Rechnung ist innerhalb von 5 Tagen zu überweisen. – The invoice must be paid within 5 days.

- 5. + zu + Infinitiv when indicated. to the fact that something else can be done (taking into account spiritual, physical or material factors): Diese Schachpartie ist noch zu gewinnen. This game of chess can still be won.

- 6. (gerade) bei etw./am + substantiviertem Infinitiv when dict. to the fact that someone is doing something right now: Er ist gerade dabei, das Fahrrad zu reparieren. He is now repairing a bicycle.

- 7. at the decree. to the fact that someone or something comes from a certain place: Ich komme aus der Ukraine. - I'm from Ukraine.

- 8. at the decree. to the fact that something came from someone: Ich weiß nicht, von wem diese Blumen sind. I don't know who these flowers are from.

- 9. at the decree. to a positive or negative attitude towards someone or something: Monika ist dafür, dass wir heute eine Party machen. - Monica for (she likes) that we are having a party tonight. Ich bin gegen diesen Ausflug. I am against this campaign.

— 10. upon notification that someone is no longer alive: Seine Frau ist nicht mehr. “His wife is no more.

- 11. when referring to someone's condition: Ich muss ausgehen, mir ist schlecht. - I need to go out, I'm sick.

- 12. when indicating one's attitude to something: Nach so viel Stress war mir nicht nach Feiern. - After such stress, I was not up to the celebrations.

In addition to the fact that the German verb. sein is used as an independent, it can perform the function of an auxiliary verb. to form the past tense forms Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt.

When forming the past complete tense (Perfekt), sein, as an auxiliary verb. conjugates in the present tense and is in second place in a simple preposition, and the perfect participle of the main verb. stands at the very end: Gestern bin ich nach München gefahren. – Yesterday I went to Munich.

Auxiliary verb. sein forms Perfect only with verbs denoting movement, change of state, as well as exceptions: sein (to be), werden (to get up), bleiben (to stay), begegnen (to meet), gelingen (will turn out), misslingen (will not work out), geschehen (to happen), passieren (to happen).

When forming the past complete tense (Perfekt), sein, as an auxiliary verb. conjugates in the past tense Präteritum and is in second place in simple sentence, and the perfect participle of the main verb. stands at the very end: Sie waren seit langem nach Belgien umgezogen. They moved to Belgium a long time ago.

The German verb SEIN (to exist, to be, to be) is one of the three most common verbs in the German language. It is used not only as a semantic verb, that is, in its direct meaning, but is also widely used as an auxiliary verb for the formation of various grammatical structures, in particular, complex tense verb forms. The verb SEIN is one of the irregular, irregular verbs, at the root of which significant changes occur during the formation of the three main verb forms and also during changes in numbers and persons. The conjugation of the verb SEIN must be learned first of all, since its use in speech is very widespread.

Related content:

VerbSEIN, conjugation inPrä sensAndImperfect(simple tenses)

At the very beginning of learning the German language, the verb SEIN can cause significant difficulties for a Russian person, since when it is used in the present tense Präsens, it is impossible to draw an analogy between Russian and German: in Russian it is either absent or easily omitted, and in German it must always to occupy his obligatory, strictly assigned place. For example:

Ich muss gestehen, ich cann nothing erraten was du best und wo du student hast. – I must admit, I can’t guess who you are by profession and where you studied. (In German, the verb cannot be omitted, in Russian it is only implied).

Erzahle mir bitte etwas über deinen neuen Freund. East er gross und hü bsch? Tell me something about your new friend, please. Is he tall and handsome? (As in the previous example, the presence of a verb in German version strictly required).

When using the verb SEIN in the past tense, its presence in the sentence is the same for both languages ​​due to the need to indicate the time of the action.

Gestern war er nothing anwesend. - Yesterday he was not was(= he was absent, not present).

wie waren deine ersten Erfahrungen auf diesem Gebiet? -What was is yours first experience V this areas?

When used in the main meaning, the verb SEIN performs certain functions in speech that distinguish it from other semantic verbs.

It serves to build sentences, the purpose of which is:

1. Presentation, introduction of one person to another. For example:

Dieses moderne Kraftwerk ist unser Pilot project im Bereich alternative Energieerzeugung. – This modern power plant is our very first project (pilot project) in the field of electricity generation from alternative sources. (Here is the presentation of the object).

Wer war dieser unternehmungsvolle Mann? — Das war Dirk Hauer. - Who was this enterprising person? - This was Dirk Hauer.

2. Mention of the profession, position or occupation of a certain person. For example:

was best du ja von Beruf? – Ich bin Maler, und das ist mein Atelier. -Who same You By professions? I artist, A This my Studio. (In these sentences, the representation of the person and the object is made).

Was macht hier dieser grauhaarige gebrillte Mann? – Das ist unser Abteilungsleiter. -Who this grey-haired man V glasses? – This our supervisor department. (Here called job title human).

Sie sind bestimmt sehr erfahren auf diesem Gebiet. – Nein, ich bin Anfanger. -You for sure Very experienced V this areas. – No, I newbie. (Here mentioned class human).

3. To indicate the material from which any object is made or consists. For example:

East diese Kette aus Silber? — Nein, sie ist aus Neusilber. Das ist eine Legierung. -This chain from silver? No, she from cupronickel. It's such an alloy.

The verb SEIN is also used within certain syntactic constructions:

4. In the construction "ES as subject + SEIN + complement in Dativ" = "ES in Dativ + SEIN". For example:

Es ist world total egal, wohin du gehst.= Mir ist total egal, wohin du gehst. “I don't care where you go.

Es ist world wichtig zu wissen, wann du wieder ins Krankenhaus kommst. = Mir ist wichtig zu wissen, wann du wieder ins Krankenhaus kommst. -To me important know, When You again come V hospital.

5. In the construction "SEIN + predicative (adjective in short form)". For example:

In the construction "SEIN + predicative (adjective in short form)". For example:

Im Herbst sind die Wä leader in unserer Gegend besonders riot und sch ö n . In autumn, the forests in our region are especially colorful and beautiful.

6. In a construction with demonstrative pronouns, which serves to draw attention, indicate an object. For example:

was ist das? — Das ist ein Gefrierschrank von Miele. -What This such? – This freezing camera firmsMiele.

Ist das ein modernes Produktionsverfahren? – Nein, das ist ein Verfahren aus dem letzten Jahrhundert. -This new production technology? – No, This technology from of the past century.

7. In the construction "SEIN + noun (in a sentence with double use of the nominative case)". For example:

meine Wahl ist dieses Schicke schwarze Tasche von Carolina Herrera. – My choice is this elegant black bag fromCarolina Herrera.

8. The verb SEIN can also form compound verbs by adding with other parts of speech, while writing the individual parts of the compound verb occurs separately: zusammen sein - to be together, together; beisammen sein - to be together, more than two people; dabei sein - to be present, to participate in smth. etc. In this case, the conjugated (main) part of the verb occupies the characteristic place of the verb depending on the type of sentence, and the verbal “prefix”, which, although written separately, but is such, behaves exactly the same as the usual separable verbal prefix . For example:

Unsere Schule plant für das Wochenende eine Veranstaltung für unsere Paten. Wer mö chte dabei sein ? Our school is planning a show for our chefs this weekend. Who would like to attend?

Ich bin unbeddingt dabei. = Ich werde dabei sein. “I will definitely attend.

In German, even the shortest sentences cannot do without a verb. Even where it is not in the Russian equivalent, in German it is replaced by the verb sein:

This is a book. - Das ist ein Buch.

She is young. – Sie ist jung.

They are in love. – Sie sind verliebt.

The verb sein plays the role of a link, its form changes depending on the number and person of the noun or pronoun:

Related content:

When learning German, there are some difficulties with this verb. The thing is that in our usual Russian speech, such a verb is missed. To learn how to use the verb sein correctly, you should remember the cases in which the presence of a linking verb is necessary:

1. When mentioning a profession or any type of activity:

What is your occupation? Was sind Sie von Beruf?

I am a reporter by trade. – Ich bin Reporter von Beruf.

Do you work here? Yes, I am the director of this factory. - Arbeiten Sie Hier. Ja, ich bin der Director dieser Fabrik.

2. If we are talking about the material from which the object is made:

This table is glass. – Dieser Tisch ist aus Glass.

This book is made from papyrus. - Dieses Buch ist aus Papirus.

Our stone house. – Unser Haus ist aus Stein.

3. If you are talking about the location of any object or person:

They are in Moscow. – Sie sind in Moscow

Child in bed. – Das Kind ist im Bett.

Phone book in the closet. – Das Telefonbuch ist im Scrank.

4. The use of a linking verb is mandatory when demonstrating or presenting someone or something:

This is my friend. – Das ist mein Freund.

This is my sister. - Das ist meine Schwester.

I am Jan. – Ich bin Jan.

5. When it comes to age:

My sister is 20 years old. – Meine Schwester ist 20 Jahre alt.

I am 18 years old. – Ich bin 18 Jahre alt.

How old are you? – Wie alt sind Sie?

6. When describing an object, person, animal, etc.:

She is a smart woman. – Sie ist eine kluge Frau.

Our neighbors are too noisy. — Unsere Nachbarn sind zu laut.

He is a bad swimmer. - Er ist ein schlechter Schwimmer.

7. When describing a weather phenomenon:

Warm. – Es ist warm.

Cold. – Es ist Kalt.

It's chilly. – Es ist nasskalt.

In addition, the verb sein in German is used to build some grammatical structures, as well as to form verbs in the infinitive with different parts of speech:

1. The construction sein + es + Dative with a personal pronoun. Most often, it is used to express the state of a person or animal.

We are hot. – Unsist warm.

I'm cold. - Mirist Kalt.

I suddenly became ill. – Mir ist plötzlich schlecht.

2. Sein + Nomen (use of two nouns in a sentence). Used to describe a person, object, or animal:

Your work colleague is the biggest pessimist on Earth. — Dein Arbeitskollege ist der größte Pessimist in der ganzen Welt.

You are my prince. -Dubist mein Prinz.

Their father is the richest man in the city. — Ihr Vater ist der reichste Mann in der Stadt.

3. Formation of verbs with other parts of speech. In the case when the verb sein forms a verb with other parts of speech, it is still written separately:

Are all students here? No, Jessica is out today. — Sind alle Schüler da? Nein, Jessica fehlt heute.

At Christmas the whole family gets together. -Zu Weihnachten ist die ganze Familie zusammen.

What happened to you? You look sad. I lost my mobile phone today. Was ist mit dir los? Du siehst so traurig aus. — Ich habe heute mein Handy verloren.