The smell of bread read the summary. Presentation on the topic "Lesson-thinking "Forgive me, mother" based on the story by Y. Kazakov" The smell of bread "". The path to repentance

There are many stories that talk about how to live right, what actions to avoid, what to truly appreciate. Usually, the author tells about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of a short story. In his writings there is always a motive of high civic intentions and fidelity to one's duty. In addition, in his creations, a lively story is combined with a heartfelt description of nature. " warm bread"- a wonderful example artistic skill writer. We will talk about this work in this article.

Instructive story

During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. "Warm Bread" is a story for children in which the author teaches young readers not to commit evil deeds and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where Christian commandments about spiritual warmth and love for one's neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.

Title of the work

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. "Warm bread" is a symbol of vitality and spiritual generosity. Bread in Rus' was obtained by the peasants with hard work, and therefore the attitude towards it was careful, reverent. A fresh baked long years was the best delicacy on the table in every home. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky's story has miraculous power, it makes people kinder and cleaner.

Beginning of the work

Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. "Warm Bread" tells that once, during the war, a combat cavalry detachment was walking through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him in. He was always gloomy, but very quick to work, a man whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary for the arrangement of the mill.

Further, Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people. Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They took out stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was "public" and suffered for a just cause.

Boy Filka

In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that, under the influence of circumstances, occurred in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero answered all the reproaches with the same phrase: "Come on!" Once Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse entered the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw bread into the loose snow with the words: "You, the Christ-lovers, will not get enough!"

These evil words became a signal for the start of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he neighed offendedly, waved his tail, and at that moment a severe frost fell on the village. The snow that shot up immediately powdered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: "Come on!" However, he listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating itself on the sides.

Fierce cold

Paustovsky describes amazing things in his story. "Warm Bread" tells about the severe cold that fell to the ground after Filka's rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, and then such a frost struck that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village were waiting for inevitable starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour at his mill.

old legend

Then Konstantin Paustovsky tells about the old legend. "Warm bread" through the mouth of old Filka's grandmother describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner, in response, threw a piece of stale bread on the floor and ordered the veteran to pick up the abandoned "treat" himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold, and it was impossible to eat it. Then the offended man went out into the courtyard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy peasant died "from the cooling of his heart."

Awareness of the act

An instructive parable was invented by Paustovsky. "Warm Bread" describes the terrible turmoil that occurred in the soul of a frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would be fine if the person who had done evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.

The path to repentance

"Filka's path was not easy," Paustovsky writes. The writer tells that the boy had to overcome a severe cold, such that even the air seemed to be frozen, and there was no strength to breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and only struggled heavily through the swept snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka was frightened, sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and sat him by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy a "senseless citizen" and ordered him to figure out a way out of the situation in an hour and a quarter.

Invented way

Further, Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich immerses his hero in deep reflections. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start cutting ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device will warm up and start grinding flour. So flour and water will again appear in the village. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filkin's foolishness with their hump, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they would go on the ice as well.

Getting rid of the cold

K. G. Paustovsky paints a wonderful picture of joint work in his work (the stories of this author are particularly expressive). He tells how all the children and old people went to the river and began to cut the ice. Fires blazed all around, axes rattled, and by common efforts people conquered the cold. True, the warm summer wind, which suddenly blew from the south, also helped. The chatty magpie, which heard the conversation between Filka and the miller, and then flew off in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and said that it was she who managed to save the village. She seemed to fly to the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke him up and brought him with her. However, no one, except for the crows, understood the magpie, so her merits remained unknown to people.

Reconciliation with the horse

Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer told how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After the water reappeared on the river, the ring of the mill turned, and freshly ground flour flowed into the bags. From it, women kneaded a sweet tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell of ruddy pastry with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of feasting on it. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to put up with a wounded horse. He held a loaf of fresh bread in his hands, and the tiny boy Nikolka followed him with a large wooden container of salt. The horse at first backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka wept so desperately that the animal had mercy and took fragrant bread from the boy's hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he laid his head on Filka's shoulder and closed his eyes from pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring came to the village again.

Bread symbol

Paustovsky called "Warm Bread" one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared with a stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity can be compared with a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw a cut piece into the snow has committed a very bad deed. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this, Filka was punished. Only a threat starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread must be treated with respect.

Collective responsibility

Schoolchildren study the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky) in the fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer is in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around. He was unkind to his grandmother and dismissive of his friends. And only the threat looming over all the inhabitants of the village helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and distrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.

The role of nature in the work

In the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the mighty forces of nature play an important role. At the very beginning of the work, it is told that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. The weather was warm in Berezhki as long as the wounded horse was fed and pitied there. However, Filka's cruel words and his bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. A severe cold instantly set in, which fettered the river and deprived people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold outside, in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all together went out on the ice to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka's spiritual rebirth.

The power of a word

K. G. Paustovsky was a real Christian. The writer's stories are permeated with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to follow not only your actions, but also your words. Filka's cruel phrase, ringing in the air, made everything around freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, committed a terrible evil. After all, it is precisely from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which, with a different attitude, could have been prevented. To apologize to the offended horse, Filka did not need words, he actually proved that he repented of his own act. And the sincere tears of the boy finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.

Real and fabulous

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fabulous and real motifs in his creations. For example, in "Warm Bread" there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, and the rest of the villagers. And invented: magpie, forces of nature. The events that take place in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, the fact that Filka offended a horse, asked Pankrat about how to correct what he had done, broke ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal, there is nothing unusual. On the other hand, the magpie, which brings the summer wind along with it, and the cold that has befallen the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly out of bounds. ordinary life. All events in the work are organically intertwined, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, "Warm Bread" can be called both a fairy tale and instructive story simultaneously.

ancient words

Folklore motifs are actively used by Paustovsky in his work. "Warm bread", the content of which is saturated with old words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms modern children not familiar. For example, in Rus', people who beg for alms were called Christ-lovers. This word was never considered offensive, everyone gave to the needy as much as they could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, in fact calling him a beggar.

Other archaisms are often used in the story: "cap", "battle", "withered", "nashkodil", "three", "yar", "osokori" and others. They give the work a special flavor, bring it closer to folk fairy tale motifs.

Sin and repentance

Bad deeds must be held accountable. Paustovsky speaks about this in his story. "Warm Bread", whose heroes managed to overcome the cold, testifies that they also coped with the cold that reigned in the soul of a little boy. At first, Filka was simply frightened, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy's grandmother probably guessed what happened, but did not scold him, but told him instructive tale, because the child himself had to realize his mistake. Pankrat taught Filka another lesson - he forced him to independently come up with a way out of this situation. Only by sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win forgiveness. higher powers. Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed with its warmth a loaf of fresh bread.

Conclusion

World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive end. One of them was invented by Paustovsky (“Warm Bread”). Reviews of this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts about mercy, love of neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all main character story, he did not want to harm anyone, but he made a serious mistake. At the very end of the story, it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely repents of his act. And the ability to admit one's mistakes and bear responsibility for them is one of the most important human qualities.

The smell of bread

The telegram was received on the first of January. Dusya was in the kitchen, her husband went to open it. With a hangover, in his undershirt, he yawned uncontrollably, signing and wondering who else it could be a congratulation from. So, yawning, he read this short mournful telegram about the death of Dusya's mother, a seventy-year-old old woman in a distant village.

"That's not the time!" - he thought with fear and called his wife. Dusya did not cry, she only turned slightly pale, went into the room, straightened the tablecloth and sat down. The husband looked dully at the half-finished bottles on the table, poured himself a glass and drank. Then he thought, poured Doucet.

Drink up! - he said. - Just the devil knows how her head cracks. Oh-ho-ho... We'll all be there. How are you going?

Dusya was silent, running her hand over the tablecloth, then she drank, went to the bed like a blind woman, and lay down.

I don't know, she said after a minute.

The husband went up to Dusya and looked at her round body.

Well, okay ... What to do? What will you do! - More he did not know what to say, returned to the table and again poured himself. - Kingdom of heaven, we will all be there!

The whole day, Dusya walked listlessly around the apartment. Her head hurt, and she did not go to visit. She wanted to cry, but somehow there was no desire to cry, it was just sad. Dusya had not seen her mother for fifteen years, she had left the village even more and almost never remembered anything from her past life. And if I remembered, it was more from early childhood or how they escorted her home from the club when I was a girl.

Dusya began to sort through the old cards and again could not cry: on all the cards, the mother had someone else's tense face, bulging eyes and heavy dark hands lowered at the seams.

At night, lying in bed, Dusya talked for a long time with her husband and said at the end:

I will not go! Where to go? It’s cold there now ... Yes, and the junk, what is, the relatives probably pilfered. We have enough relatives there. No, I won't go!

Winter passed, and Dusya completely forgot about her mother. Her husband worked well, they lived for their own pleasure, and Dusya became even rounder and more beautiful.

But in early May, Dusya received a letter from Misha's cousin-nephew. The letter was written under dictation on a piece of paper in an oblique ruler. Misha conveyed greetings from numerous relatives and wrote that the house and grandmother's things were intact and that Dusya would definitely come.

Go! - said the husband. - Go ahead! Especially do not shake, sell what is there as soon as possible. Otherwise, others will use it, or everything will go to the collective farm.

And Dusya went. For a long time she did not go, but it was decent to go. And she managed to properly enjoy the road, talked with many and met.

She sent a telegram that she was leaving, but for some reason no one met her. I had to walk, but it was a pleasure for Dusya to walk. The road was dense, rolled, and native Smolensk fields spread out on the sides with blue copses on the horizon.

Dusya came to her village about three hours later, stopped on a new bridge across the river and looked. The village was heavily built up, sprawling in breadth with white farms, so that it was unrecognizable. And Dusya somehow did not like these changes.

She walked down the street, peering sharply at everyone she met, trying to guess who it was. But she hardly recognized anyone, but many recognized her, stopped her and were surprised at how she had matured.

Dusya's sister was delighted, she burst into tears and ran to put the samovar on. Dusya began to get gifts from the bag. The sister looked at the gifts, began to cry again and hugged Dusya. And Misha sat on the bench and wondered why they were crying.

The sisters sat down to drink tea, and Dusya found out that many of the things had been taken apart by her relatives. The cattle - a piglet, three ewes, a goat and chickens - were taken by a sister. At first, Dusya secretly regretted it, but then she forgot, especially since much remained, and most importantly, the house remained. After drinking tea and talking, the sisters went to look at the house.

The estate was plowed up, and Dusya was surprised, but her sister said that the neighbors had plowed up so that the land would not be wasted. And the house seemed to Dusya not at all as big as she remembered it.

The windows were boarded up, and there was a padlock on the doors. The sister unlocked it for a long time, then Dusya tried it, then again the sister, and both managed to be tormented before they opened it.

The house was dark, the light barely breaking through the boards. The house was damp and had an uninhabited appearance, but it smelled of bread, a smell familiar from childhood, and Dusya's heart began to beat. She walked up and down the room, looking around, getting used to the twilight: the ceiling was low and dark brown. The photographs still hung on the walls, but the icons, except for one, were no longer standing. There were also no embroideries on the stove and chests.

The heroine of the work is called Dusya. She lives in the capital with her husband. The story begins on the first of January. The drunken husband opened the door and found a telegram with the message that his wife's mother had died. Having told Dus about this, they decided to have a drink. Dusya says that she is not going anywhere, because her relatives will take away all her mother's things. Having learned about all this, she did not even cry a single tear, since she did not communicate with her mother for about 15 years.

A little later, in May, Dusya received a notification from her nephew, which states that all her mother's property is safe and they are calling her to them. Still, she decides to travel.

When she arrived, she realized that she had not been met. Seeing the village, she is surprised at how it has changed and become much larger. She was well received at the sister household, she brought gifts to everyone, and her sister said that they had taken some things.

The windows of the mother's house were boarded up, as were the doors. When she entered the house, she smelled the recognizable smell of bread. She seemed to be in a dream about her childhood. When she sold her things and her mother's house, she decided to come to her mother's grave, Mikhail went to accompany her.

When she recognized the grave, she began to cry furiously, she rushed to the grave of her mother. Mikhail ran after the people, when they came again, they see Dusya lying on the burial and crying.

The next day she woke up with good mood and went to live back home. Just a couple of weeks later, other residents moved into her house.

Picture or drawing Smell of bread

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Ismailova U.M., literature teacher of the Majalis secondary school

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Guess!

Here it is - Warm, golden. To every house, To every table - He granted - came. In it - Health, our strength, In it - Wonderful warmth. How many hands He raised, Protected, protected!

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Yuri Kazakov had a remarkable gift for speaking simply and about important and complex issues. human life, provide answers to eternal questions: why and how should a person live? What is the most important thing in his life?

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Before us is a photograph of the writer. Let's look at this smart and kind face, let's not miss the deep look directed at us, and the pose of a man immersed in thought ... When the fifteen-year-old Arbat boy Yura Kazakov dreamed of the future, he did not imagine himself a writer. He was drawn to music. Therefore, after graduating from the architectural and construction technical school after school, he enters the famous Gnesinka and receives a specialty in double bass. . A.M. Gorky..

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All the years of study and after Y. Kazakov traveled a lot around the country. He went in for mountain climbing, fished, walked a lot, hunted. The young writer became a hunter in order to win over people. With a gun and in hunting boots, he looked at the fire his own, understandable and close. Such an interlocutor can, without hiding, tell about a lot. And he was an unimportant shooter. Kazakov’s main “hunt” was not for game, but for his future stories. Yuri Pavlovich Kazakov was a very kind and sympathetic person. for children.They attract with sincerity of intonation, fascination, joyful surprise before the miracle of living life

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• The problem of losing connection with the stepfather's mother's house of oblivion
• loneliness, broken human ties.