What are antonyms in the Belarusian language? Antonyms: examples of words, concept, exercises. Antonyms in poetry

ABOUT vocabulary The child is well spoken by his knowledge of synonyms and antonyms. And with those, and with others, as a rule, children are not good enough. But there is nothing complicated in this. There is such a children's game of antonyms - "Opposites". One calls the word, the second selects an antonym for it. This game enjoys great attention from animators for children and even adults, and it is a frequent entertainment at holiday parties. So you can play antonyms with your child, and he will remember these words and show off his knowledge not only at the holiday, but also in his future compositions.

For starters, antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning. Dictionaries of antonyms are huge, sometimes even an adult does not know the meaning of some words in them, let alone the meaning of the opposite ... On this page we have collected for you only simple antonyms for in simple words, level elementary school subject to memorization by students of grades 1,2,3,4.

Brief dictionary of antonyms:

neat - slovenly
antonym - synonym
White black
turn pale - blush, darken
to shine - to twinkle, to dim
close - distant
rich man - poor man
big small
fast - slow
century - moment
correct - wrong
cheerful - sad, sad, boring
windy - windless
old - new
Turn on, turn off
inside Outside
question answer
east - west, west (sea)
sunrise - sunset
enter - exit
high Low
extinguish - kindle
smooth - rough
vowel - consonant
deep - shallow
speak - be silent
hungry - full
city - village, village
bitter - sweet
hot Cold
warm - cool
dirt - purity
dirty - clean
do - mess around
day Night
dialogue - monologue
good evil
friend - enemy
hefty - frail
go - stop
heat - cold
hard - soft
closed - sociable
healthy - sick
green - mature, ripe
winter summer
sincere - hypocritical
truth - delusion, deceit
source - mouth
strong - fragile
sour - sweet
lazy - hard worker
superfluous - necessary
dexterous - clumsy
go to bed - get up
love - hate
to freeze - to warm up
peace - war, quarrel
many - few
mighty - weak
wet - dry
wise - stupid
soft - hard
hope - despair
deliberate - unintentional
imperturbable - unbalanced
uncomplicated - sly
new - old
plentiful - scarce
defend - attack
educated - ignorant
upset - comfort
sharp - blunt
courageous - cowardly, cowardly
frank - secretive
open close
obvious - doubtful
plus - minus
victory - defeat
hang up - take down
useful - harmful
put - take
benefit - harm
help - hinder
true False
truthful - false
picky - unpretentious
pleasant - repulsive
empty - full
fluffy - smooth
joy - sadness, sadness
difference - similarity
agile - slow
determined - unsure
timid - bold
Motherland, fatherland - foreign land
light - darkness, darkness
dawn - dusk
north - south, south (sea)
laugh - cry
save - destroy
sleep - stay awake
start - finish
full - hungry
hard - soft
dark - light
cramped - spacious
thick - thin
thin - thick
work - rest
difficult - easy
grieve - rejoice
assure - dissuade
gloomy - friendly
move away - approach
narrow - wide
intentional - unintentional
stubborn - obstinate
success - failure
sympathetic - indifferent
negligent - conscientious
brave - cowardly
frequent - rare
honest - mean
wide narrow
generous - miserly
bright - dim
furious - meek
clear - overcast, rainy

Antonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, differing in spelling and sound, and meaning directly opposite concepts.

One part of speech is not the only condition under which words of opposite meaning can be called antonyms. There must be some common feature between these words. That is, both concepts should describe a feeling, or time, or space, or quality and quantity - and in this case they will be antonyms.

Examples of antonyms.

Let's analyze this definition with examples.

Antonym for the word "before".

The antonym for the word "before" would be the word "now". Both words are adverbs - “when? before" and "when? now". Both of them are united by a common feature - the description of time. But if the word "before" describes a situation or event that took place sometime in the past, then the word "now" refers to the present. Thus, the words are opposite in meaning and are antonyms.

Antonym for the word "Greetings".

The antonym for the word "friendly" is the word "unfriendly". Both concepts belong to the same part of speech - adverb. As the rule requires, they are united by a common feature - that is, they describe an emotional connotation. But if the word “friendly” means joy and pleasure (for example, from someone’s presence), then “unfriendly” has the exact opposite meaning - the one whose appearance or speech is characterized by this word is clearly not happy with anything.

Antonym for the word "Tears".

The antonym for the word "tears" will be the word "laughter". Both concepts are nouns, both of them describe an emotional action. But if in the first case the emotion is clearly negative - tears of grief, tears of sadness, tears of pain - then the word "laughter" means joy, happiness and fun. The words are opposite in meaning - and therefore, are antonyms.

Other popular antonyms.

Below is a list of words and their antonyms.

The word "Synonym", antonym - "Antonym".
The word "Interesting", the antonym - "Boring".
The word "Wind", the antonym - "Quiet".
The word is “Find”, the antonym is “Losing”.
The word is “Fresh”, the antonym is “Spoiled, stale”.
The word "Beautiful", the antonym - "Disgusting, terrible."
The word is "Snow", the antonym is "Rain".
The word is “Expected”, the antonym is “Sudden, unexpected”.
The word "Carefully", the antonym - "Carelessly".
The word is "Sun", the antonym is "Moon".
The word is "Day", the antonym is "Night".
The word "Fast", the antonym - "slow".

We hope now you know what an antonym is.

Different in sound and spelling, having directly opposite lexical meanings: truth - lies, good - evil, speak - be silent.

Antonyms according to the type of concepts expressed:

contrasting correlates- such opposites that mutually complement each other to the whole, without transitional links; they are in relation to the privative opposition. Examples: bad - good, false - true, alive - dead.
counter correlates- antonyms expressing polar opposites within one essence in the presence of transitional links - internal gradation; they are in relation to the gradual opposition. Examples: black (- gray -) white, old (- elderly - middle-aged -) young, large (- medium -) small.
vector correlates- antonyms expressing different directions of actions, signs, social phenomena etc. Examples: enter - exit, descend - rise, light - extinguish, revolution - counter-revolution.
conversives- words that describe the same situation from the point of view of different participants. Examples: buy - sell, husband - wife, teach - learn, lose - win, lose - find.
enantiosemy- the presence of opposite meanings in the structure of the word. Examples: to lend money to someone - to borrow money from someone, to surround with tea - to treat and not to treat.
pragmatic- words that are regularly opposed in the practice of their use, in contexts (pragmatics - "action"). Examples: soul - body, mind - heart, earth - sky.

By structure, antonyms are:

heteroroot(back and forth);
single root- are formed with the help of prefixes that are opposite in meaning: enter - exit, or with the help of a prefix added to the original word (monopoly - antimonopoly).

From the point of view of language and speech, antonyms are divided into:

linguistic(usual) - antonyms that exist in the language system (rich - poor);
speech(occasional) - antonyms that occur in a certain context (to check for the presence of this type, it is necessary to reduce them to a language pair) - (gold - copper half, that is, expensive - cheap). They often appear in proverbs.

From the point of view of action, antonyms are:

proportionate- action and reaction (get up - go to bed, get rich - get poorer);
disproportionate- action and lack of action (in the broad sense) (ignite - extinguish, think - think over).

Antonyms, or words with opposite meanings, became the subject of linguistic analysis relatively recently, and interest in the study of Russian and Tatar antonymy is growing noticeably. This is evidenced by the appearance of a number of special linguistic studies on antonymy and dictionaries of antonyms.

The lexical units of the vocabulary of a language turn out to be closely related not only on the basis of their associative connection by similarity or contiguity as lexico-semantic variants of a polysemantic word. Most of the words of the language do not contain a feature capable of opposition, therefore, antonymic relations are impossible for them, however, in a figurative sense, they can acquire an antonym. Thus, in contextual antonymy, antonymic relations of words with a direct meaning are possible, and then these pairs of words carry an emphatic load and perform a special stylistic function.

Antonyms are possible for such words, the meanings of which contain opposite qualitative shades, but the meanings are always based on a common feature (weight, height, feeling, time of day, etc.). Also, only words belonging to the same grammatical or stylistic category can be opposed. Consequently, words belonging to different parts of speech or lexical levels cannot become linguistic antonyms.

Antonyms in poetry

Here we are entering August, oh,
not into the forest rare, and in thick,
where from the aspen is not Judas
hanging down without grumbling and prowess.
August tangle knot,
How good in captivity evil,
he has flowers under his feet,
often similar to footboards.

Notes

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See what "Antonyms" are in other dictionaries:

- (from anti... and Greek onyma name), words of the same part of speech with opposite meaning e.g. true lies, poor rich... Modern Encyclopedia

- (from anti... and Greek onyma name) words with the opposite meaning. For example: the truth is a lie, the poor rich ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ANTONYMS- (from Greek anti... - against + onoma - name). 1. Words that have opposite meanings. The basis of antonymy is the presence in the meaning of the word of a qualitative feature that can increase or decrease and reach the opposite. That's why… … New dictionary methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)

Antonyms- (from anti ... and Greek onyma name), words of one part of speech with the opposite meaning, for example, “truth is a lie”, “poor rich”. … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Antonyms- (from the Greek anti - 'against' + onyma - 'name') - pairs of words of one part of speech with the opposite meaning. The psychological basis of A.'s existence is association by contrast; logical - opposite and contradictory concepts. Mapping relationships... Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language

Antonyms- (from Greek ἀντι against and ὄνυμα name) words of one part of speech with opposite meanings. Depending on the type of opposition expressed (see Antonymy), antonyms are divided into corresponding classes, the main of which are: 1) antonyms, ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from Greek anti against + onima name). Words with opposite meanings. The basis of antonymy is the presence in the meaning of the word of a qualitative feature that can increase or decrease and reach the opposite. Therefore, especially many ... ... Dictionary linguistic terms

antonyms- (Greek anti against and onuma name) Words of the same part of speech that have opposite meanings correlative with each other; love hate. Not all words are antonymous. According to the structure of the root, antonyms are distinguished: 1) ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

- (from the Greek anti - against and onoma - name), words connected by relations of opposite meaning, for example: victory - defeat, joking - seriously. A polysemantic word has different antonyms for different meanings: soft - callous, hard, hard. Literature and ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

Even if you have already graduated from school a long time ago, it is still not too late to figure out what antonyms are, including contextual ones. Antonyms are words of the same part of speech with opposite lexical meanings, contrasting phenomena: good - evil, truth - a lie, talk - be silent, a lot - a little, up - down, appear - disappear. Antonyms are pairs of words that are always based on a common feature (height, weight, quality, quantity, feeling, time of day, space), but the meanings are opposite.

Now it should be very clear what antonyms are. However, this is not all the necessary information. Proper names, numerals and pronouns have no antonyms. However, service words can also be connected by antonyms: for and against, with and without (They like to drink tea with and without sugar).

Classification of antonym words

By structure, antonyms are divided into:

heterogeneous (forward - backward);
single root: they are formed with the help of prefixes opposite in meaning (enter - exit), as well as with the help of a prefix that is added to the original word (monopoly - antimonopoly).

Usually, words of different roots are referred to as antonyms, but some linguists consider such pairs of words as antonyms: calm - restless, big - small, love - not love. Here the antonym is formed with the help of the negative particle "not", the prefixes "demon", "not", etc.

From the point of view of language and speech, there are antonyms:

linguistic (usual): they exist in the language system (loud - quiet);
speech (occasional): arise in a certain context. They are often found in proverbs and poetry.

So what are contextual antonyms? Contextual antonyms are words that are opposed in a particular context. This phenomenon is of an individual authorial nature: wolves and sheep (as you understand, the polarity of the meanings of these words is not fixed in the language). The writer can discover opposite qualities in certain concepts and contrast them in speech: sunlight- moonlight, one year - the whole life, not a mother, but a daughter. The opposition of such concepts is not reproduced in the language. These are occasional (contextual, speech) antonyms.

Antonyms in terms of action are:

proportionate: denote action and reaction (get rich - get poorer, get up - go to bed);
disproportionate: in a broad sense, they denote action and lack of action (ignite - do not ignite, think - think over).

Polysemantic words and their antonyms

IN different meanings polysemantic word may have different antonyms.

For example: fresh bread - stale bread, fresh thought - hackneyed thought, fresh evening - stuffy evening, etc.

Antithesis

Antonyms can serve as a means of poetic expression. This technique is called antithesis. Basically, the antithesis is characteristic of poetic and oratorical speech: "black evening, white snow" (A. A. Blok). The antithesis is also found in the titles: "Thick and Thin" (A.P. Chekhov), "Fathers and Sons" (I.S. Turgenev),

So, now you know what antonyms are, examples of these pairs of words will not be difficult for you. Remember what contextual antonyms and antithesis are.

Cold and hot, shallow and deep, useful and harmful, independent and dependent, summer and winter, love and hate, joy and sorrow, take off and land, begin and end, good and bad, serious and frivolous. What do you think these words are? Antonyms! Examples of such words, as well as the actual concept of "antonym" we will present in this article.

Antonyms: concept

So, in the vocabulary of the modern Russian language there is such a thing as "antonyms". Examples of words with opposite meanings can be given ad infinitum. Sweet - bitter; cute - nasty; rise - fall; vanity - peace. These words are called antonyms.

The examples of words given above prove that only words that are the same part of speech can be called antonyms. That is, the words "love" and "hate", "always" and "frequent", "lighten" and "dark" are not antonyms. Can the adjectives "low" and "happy" be called antonyms? No, because words can only be compared on one basis. And in our case there are two. In addition, if antonyms denote some quality, then they must possess or not possess this quality in equal measure. So, "frost" and "heat" are not full-fledged antonyms, since frost is a high degree of cold, and heat is average degree temperatures above zero.

Noun antonyms: word examples

In Russian, antonyms-nouns are quite common. It should be noted that nouns that have antonyms have a connotation of quality in their meaning.

For example: adherence to principles - lack of principles; minus plus; income - losses; output - input; ascent - descent; day Night; light - darkness; the word is silence; dream - reality; dirt - purity; captivity - freedom; progress - regression; success - failure; youth - old age; purchase - sale; start - end.

Adjectives with the opposite meaning

Among the adjectives can be found the largest number a pair of antonyms.

Examples of words: empty - full; day - night; fervent - dull, happy - unhappy; light heavy; simple - complex; cheap - expensive; paid - free; confident - unsure; main - secondary; significant - trifling; real - virtual, native - someone else's; obstinate - complaisant; excited - calm; smooth - rough; artificial - natural; beloved - unloved; raw - dry.

Adverbs

Adverbs in this regard are not inferior to adjectives. There are also many antonyms among them.

Examples of words: easy - difficult; cheap - expensive; immediately - gradually; stupid - smart; corny - original; long - not long; enough - not enough; intelligible - indistinct; right - wrong, cold - hot.

Verbs-antonyms: examples of words in Russian

There are also verbs in Russian that are opposite in meaning.

For example: scold - praise; take - give; work - idle; to get sick - to recover; get better - lose weight; to refuse - to agree; accustom - wean; notice - ignore; lose - find; increase - decrease; earn - spend; bury - dig out; leave - return; say goodbye - say hello; turn around - turn away; iron - knead; take off - put on; dress - undress.

Thus, almost all parts of speech are rich in antonyms. They can be found even among prepositions: in - from, on - under, etc.