First, pre-eminent, first-class, paramount, first-rate, advanced, most important, outstanding, predominant, predominant, dominant, capital, cornerstone, cardinal, main, main, essential, supreme, ... ... Synonym dictionary
MAIN, main, chief. 1. The most essential and important, the main one. main idea books. The main forces (military). It is most important. The main thing (see case). 2. in value introductory word The main thing. use to point out the most important, necessary in the first place ... ... Dictionary Ushakov
OR DIVIDING, RIDGE, in the B. Caucasus system, in its most elevated axial part. It is a watershed of rivers flowing to the north (basins of the Kuban, Terek, etc.) and to the south (basins of the Kodori, Inguri, Rioni, Kura, etc.). Altitude up to 5068 m (g. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
MAIN, oh, oh. 1. The most important, basic. the main idea report. The main street. 2. Senior in position, as well as generally heading something. G. hospital doctor. G. headquarters. main clause (grammatically dominant part) complex sentence … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
main- - Topics information security EN chief ... Technical Translator's Handbook
main- 3.4.18. main [general] contractor: The contractor who is solely responsible for the performance of the contract. Provides coordination and unification of the activities of multiple subcontractors. Source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation
App., use. very often Morphology: most importantly 1. main man or the main organization in some business is a person or organization that has highest value in this matter, they lead someone or something, on which a lot depends. He… … Dictionary of Dmitriev
main- th, th 1) The most important, significant among others, deserving special attention. Main question. main topic. The main merit. The majestic king of animals was considered the main decoration of the princely or fair menagerie. (Darkevich). Synonyms: ... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language
main- arises main question existence / creation, the subject to play a major role action to strike the main blow action to strike the main blow action to direct the main blow localization understand the main knowledge, understanding belongs to ... ... Verbal compatibility of non-objective names
main-, wow, m., in meaning. noun chief designer ( spaceships). ◘ To whom do we dedicate this page? ... To the one who was looking for scrap metal, who is the chief designer, to the one who is not the Chief (he, too, is probably smart and nice). (A. Losev. 12 ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies
main- I see main; Wow; m.; unfold About the chief leader, chief. By order of the Chief. Back to main. II th, th; main / most important, see also. main, main, main... Dictionary of many expressions
Books
- The main fight, Yuri Nikitin. Someone gets from the ship to the ball, and someone, on the contrary, goes straight from the banquet table to the last, mortal battle. ancient god prophesied Dobrynya a quick death, and the hero had to go straight from ...
- The main principle of divination, M. S. Serova. The main principle of fortune-telling, as, indeed, the work of a private detective, is as follows: it is necessary to correctly formulate the question. This skill, of course, possesses Tatyana Ivanova. Divination with…
This article will focus on such interesting topic as antonyms. What they are and how they are used.
The essence of antonyms
Antonyms are words that are different not only in spelling. Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning. So, for example, the antonym of the word “good” will be the word “evil”, and the antonym of the word “friendship” will be “enmity”.
Let's consider this question in more depth. Let's take two synonyms (words similar in meaning). For example, "beauty" and "charm". The antonym of the word "beauty" is the word "ugliness". Does this mean that if the word "ugliness" is an antonym for the word "beauty", then it will be an antonym for the word "charm" as well. Yes, it means. Thus it is possible to do general conclusion: the antonym of a certain word will also be the antonym for the synonym of this word.
Use of antonyms
Many foreign and Russian writers, poets and publicists used antonyms to show the contrast between two situations, between some two states. When two words that are opposite in meaning are used in the same sentence to show some kind of radical difference, this is taken much more seriously and makes us think about what the author wants to say. For example, this method of narration is often encountered when the author wants to convey to the reader his state of mind.
Lermontov wrote: “In her eyes, as in the sky, it is light, in her soul it is dark, as in the sea.” Using two antonyms in such a beautiful form, the poet showed us the essence of things. Instead of writing several verses, revealing the theme of the personality of the heroine to whom this line is dedicated, Lermontov managed with just one sentence.
From the above example, it can be seen that antonyms allow the author not only to shorten his narrative, but also to express his thoughts in a very poetic and original form. This gives him the opportunity to emphasize the uniqueness of his work.
Now you know that antonyms are not only a lexical definition, but also a special technique in creativity. This technique is called antonymy. If you have nothing to do with creativity, this does not mean that you cannot use this technique in your speech. A person who knows how to eloquently express his thoughts has a completely different attitude.
- "name") - these are words of one part of speech, different in sound and spelling, having directly opposite lexical meanings, for example: "truth" - "false", "good" - "evil", "speak" - "keep silent".
The lexical units of the vocabulary of a language turn out to be closely related not only on the basis of their associative connection by similarity or contiguity as lexico-semantic variants. polysemantic word. Most of the words of the language do not contain a feature capable of opposition, therefore, antonymic relations are impossible for them, however, in a figurative sense, they can acquire an antonym. Thus, in contextual antonymy, antonymic relations of words with a direct meaning are possible, and then these pairs of words carry an emphatic load and perform a special stylistic function.
Antonyms are possible for such words, the meanings of which contain opposite qualitative shades, but the meanings are always based on a common feature (weight, height, feeling, time of day, etc.). Also, only words belonging to the same grammatical or stylistic category can be opposed. Consequently, words belonging to different parts of speech or lexical levels cannot become linguistic antonyms.
There are no proper names, pronouns, numeral antonyms.
Typology of antonymic relations
Antonyms according to the type of concepts expressed:
- contrastive correlates - such opposites that mutually complement each other to the whole, without transitional links; they are in relation to the privative opposition. Examples: bad - good, false - true, alive - dead.
- counter correlates - antonyms expressing polar opposites within one essence in the presence of transitional links - internal gradation; they are in relation to the gradual opposition. Examples: black (- gray -) white, old (- elderly - middle-aged -) young, large (- medium -) small.
- vector correlates - antonyms expressing different directions of actions, signs, social phenomena etc. Examples: enter - exit, descend - rise, light - extinguish, revolution - counter-revolution.
- converses are words that describe the same situation in terms of different participants. Examples: buy - sell, husband - wife, teach - learn, lose - win, lose - find, young - old.
- enantiosemy - the presence in the structure of the word opposite meanings. Examples: to lend money to someone - to borrow money from someone, to surround with tea - to treat and not to treat.
- pragmatic - words that are regularly opposed in the practice of their use, in contexts (pragmatics - "action"). Examples: soul - body, mind - heart, earth - sky.
By structure, antonyms are:
- heterogeneous (forward - backward);
- single root - are formed with the help of prefixes that are opposite in meaning: enter - exit, or with the help of a prefix added to the original word (monopoly - antimonopoly).
From the point of view of language and speech, antonyms are divided into:
- linguistic (usual) - antonyms that exist in the language system (rich - poor);
- contextual (contextual, speech, occasional) - antonyms that occur in a specific context (to check for the presence of this type, it is necessary to reduce them to a language pair) - (gold - copper half, that is, expensive - cheap). They often appear in proverbs.
From the point of view of action, antonyms are:
- proportionate - action and reaction: get up - go to bed, get rich - get poorer;
- disproportionate - action and lack of action (in the broad sense): ignite - extinguish, think - think over.
