In this chapter:
§1. Introductory sentences
Introductory words are highlighted in oral speech intonation, and in writing - with commas.
The problem of punctuation in sentences with introductory words is not related to punctuation marks as such, but to the recognition of introductory words. Since the introductory words are not members of the sentence and are not syntactically related to any members of the sentence, they can always be removed from the sentence. This can serve as a test in determining whether a word is introductory.
Fortunately, you are right.
(fortunately- introductory word, it can be omitted: You are right. The main content of the sentence and its structure will not be affected)
Dishes beat fortunately.
(fortunately - a member of the sentence, it cannot be omitted, because the meaning and grammatical structure suggestions are broken. Dishes are breaking. And Dishes beat fortunately- it's not the same)
Introductory words with preceding conjunctions
1. Often introductory words end up in simple sentences right after the coordinating conjunctions. In this case, unions and introductory words are not separated by commas, for example:
Call me tonight, but by the way, when you yourself will be more convenient.
Or maybe she got sick?
(union A and the introductory word are not separated by a comma)
In fact, we never met again.
(union And and the introductory word are not separated)
2. If introductory words appear after unions in complex sentences, then the union and the introductory word are separated by a comma, for example:
He came to us, but, unfortunately, I was away.
(conjunction and introductory word are separated by a comma)
Vitka knew that, unfortunately, she should not be trusted.
(subordinating conjunction and introductory word are separated by a comma)
Introductory words as part of a separate construction
Separated by commas
1) if they stand in the middle of a turn:
Having read, in my opinion, all the books in school library, the boy signed up for the city.
2) if they are in front of revolutions beginning with unions like and to, for example:
In the morning she woke up and could no longer fall asleep, in fact, as always.
He paused, perhaps to end the conversation.
Not separated by commas
1) often introductory words begin a clarifying turn. There is no comma after them, for example:
In the house opposite, more precisely on the third floor, there lived a girl.
2) do not put a comma before the introductory word at the end separate turnover.
He constantly uses dictionaries, for example Ozhegov.
sentences with the word however.
The word however can be:
1) an introductory word,
2) union,
3) interjection.
Homonyms can be distinguished by meaning, place in a sentence, role.
1. However, it is an introductory word in the middle or at the end of a sentence, it must be separated by commas:
I should, however, meet with him.
I should have met him, however.
2. At the beginning of a sentence or at the beginning of a part complex sentence however - a union, a comma after it is not needed. However - a union synonymous with the union but. Examples:
He promised to visit us more often. However, he did not call again.
We were waiting for him, but he did not come.
3. However, it is used as an interjection. In this case, the word is separated by a comma or an exclamation point, for example:
However! Well, it's raining!
However, what a frost!
§2. Offers with introductory sentences
1. Constructions with introductory sentences are separated by commas.
I think you are wrong.
I think you are wrong.
You are wrong, I think.
(many introductory sentences have synonyms among introductory words. For example: I think, I think, I believe, I believe, I think, I think and in my opinion are synonymous)
2. If the offer is complicated homogeneous members, separations, and other components that require commas, then introductory sentences may be separated by dashes or parentheses. The same is possible in complex sentences.
§3. Offers with plug-in structures
Plug-in designs are more diverse and independent. They are separated by dashes or parentheses. Inside the insert, punctuation marks are placed according to the rules of punctuation. Plug-in structures are easy to recognize: they carry Additional information and are pronounced in a special way: they are distinguished by pauses, pronounced at a higher pace, most often in a lower voice.
The arrival of Lyudmila - it was she - turned out to be a complete surprise for everyone.
Following the Phoenicians in the 7th c. BC. the Greeks (Phocaeans) came to Spain, especially after the founding of Massalia (now Marseille) around 600 BC (Dictionary of Antiquity).
In contact with
The Russian language is diverse and unique. He is one of the richest in vocabulary, thanks to him Russian literature has an unprecedented success, as it perfectly accurately conveys the mood of the author. Simultaneously with one of the most complex languages. Children in schools study the subject of the Russian language for eleven years, and at the end of their studies they pass exams in it. The difficulty lies in its ambiguity - in different cases, spelling is radically different. It happens that teachers doubt many questions, which makes them open special dictionaries. Probably, many people get confused in such moments, because school knowledge is forgotten over time.
Introductory words
With the help of introductory words and constructions, the speaker is able to express his emotions. Such designs are able to convey joy, regret, surprise, confidence, fear and many other feelings. They are also used to evaluate some action and attract attention. In the text, such words and constructions are separated by commas. However, some people doubt the spelling of introductory words and their isolation.
"Unfortunately" - introductory word
This introductory phrase refers to the category of feelings of regret and disapproval. Like all other introductory words, "unfortunately" stands apart in writing and in the text, regardless of where this phrase is located. This construction is never written together. It is allowed to dilute the construction with some semantic words.
introductory word"unfortunately" - examples:
- To my regret, he was unable to visit the art gallery, although I had long sought to visit there.
- I do not share, unfortunately, your point of view, it seems to me too unreasonable.
- You really weren't home for a long time, unfortunately.
- Unfortunately, the abundance of unnecessary noise made it difficult to focus on important thoughts.
- To your regret, he does not have free time that he could devote to you.
- Thank you for the job offer, but, unfortunately, I got a job in another branch and have to decline your invitation.
It can be seen that the introductory construction harmoniously fits into any part of the sentence, while the semantic load does not change.
Noun with preposition
The introductory construction can change into a noun with a preposition. It depends on the meaning of the sentence. Then the phrase is not isolated in writing and is written separately, as before.
- Unfortunately, a feeling of inalienable melancholy has been added.
- Unfortunately, a sense of resentment has also been added.
Verbs, names and adverbs in a sentence can act as introductory words, which in one way or another - grammatically, lexically, intonationally - express the speaker's attitude to what he reports.
Compare two sentences:
This question, it seemed troubled the guest.
Face his seemed calm .
In both examples, the word seemed , but only in the second case is this word included in the members of the sentence: there it is part of the compound nominal predicate.
In the first example, the word seemed serves only to express the attitude of the speaker to what he reports. Such words are called introductory; they are not part of the sentence and can easily be omitted, for example: This question ... made the guest difficult. Note that in the second sentence, skip the word seemed impossible.
Compare a few more examples in the table:
|
Take with you By the way, our books. |
These words are spoken By the way. This phrase was spoken by the way. |
|
Words separated by commas can be removed from a sentence without destroying its meaning. |
By the way, from the first sentence, you can ask the question HOW? |
Many words can be used as introductory words. But there is a group of words that are never introductory. Read two sentences:
There will obviously be a good harvest this year;
There will certainly be a good harvest this year.
The first sentence uses the word obviously, in the second - certainly . Although these words are very close in meaning, only the word from the first sentence is separated by commas and is introductory. The words below must be remembered: they are very similar to introductory words, but they are not and commas are not separated:
MAYBE, AS IF, SUDDENLY, BECAUSE, HERE, IS HARD TO, ALL THE SAME, EVEN, EXACTLY, AS IF, JUST, ALWAYS, ALWAYS, MANDATORY, ALMOST, ONLY, ALLEGEDLY.
Introductory words can convey five different types of meanings:
Most often, with the help of introductory words, the speaker conveys various degree of certainty in what he says. For example: You will surely do well in the exam. or You seem to need to do more. This group includes the words:
OF COURSE, OF COURSE, UNDOubtedly, DEFINITELY, WITHOUT A DOUBT, DEFINITELY, REALLY, SEEMS, PROBABLY, POSSIBLY, PLEASE.
Introductory words can also convey feelings and attitude speaker to what he is talking about. For example: Unfortunately, you didn't do well in your exam.
LUCKYLY, UNFORTUNATELY, SURPRISELY, UNFORTUNATELY.
Sometimes introductory words indicate on The source of information reported by the speaker. Introductory phrases in this case begin with the words BY MESSAGE, BY WORDS, BY OPINION. For example: You, according to doctors, need to interrupt training for a while.
The source of the message may also be the speaker himself (IN MY OPINION, IN MY OPINION), or the source may be indefinite (SPOKEN, HEARD). For example: You, they say, will have to interrupt training.
BY MESSAGE, BY WORDS, BY OPINION, BY HEARING, SAYING, HEARD, IN MY OPINION, IN MY OPINION, IN YOUR WAY.
Introductory words are also used For ordering thoughts and indications of their relationship with each other. For example: Firstly, this participle was formed from the verb perfect look; secondly, it has dependent words. Therefore, it should contain two letters N.
FIRSTLY, SECONDLY, THIRDLY, FINALLY, THEREFORE, THEREFORE, SO, ON THE CONTRAST, FOR EXAMPLE, ON THE REVERSE.
There are also sentences where the introductory words indicate on way of thinking. For example: In a word, everything went well.
OTHERWISE, IN ONE WORD, IT IS BETTER TO SAY IT SOFTLY.
Introductory words also include words that serve to attract attention interlocutor:
KNOW (KNOW), UNDERSTAND (UNDERSTAND), LISTEN (LISTEN), SEE (SEE) and others.
The same meanings can be expressed not only by introductory words, but also by similar predicative constructions (introductory sentences). Compare: Snowfall likely to end soon And The snowfall, I think, will end soon. In addition to commas, brackets or dashes can be used to highlight introductory sentences. This is done when the introductory construction is very common and contains additional comments or explanations. For example:
Here we pass once through our village, years will be - how to tell you not to lie - fifteen years. (Turgenev)
Alexei (the reader has already recognized it) meanwhile he gazed intently at the young peasant woman. (Pushkin)
The rule of isolation of introductory words and sentences has several very important notes.
If the introductory word is preceded by the union A or BUT, then a comma is not always placed between the introductory word and the union. Compare a couple of sentences:
The doctor has finished but of course, look at a seriously ill patient.
He gave his word and consequently, must restrain him.
The introductory word can be rearranged or removed without a union only in the first case, so a comma is required between the introductory word and the union. In the second sentence, this cannot be done, which means that the comma is not put.
Very often, difficulties arise in sentences with the words HOWEVER and FINALLY. The word HOWEVER stands out only when it cannot be replaced by the union BUT. Compare two sentences:
However we understand that this figure is still low(HOWEVER = BUT) . Bye, however, we still don't have a clear picture of what's going on(HOWEVER - introductory word) .
The word FINALLY is introductory only when it has no spatial or temporal meaning, but indicates the order of thoughts. For example:
I hope this project will be completed soon. finally will be implemented. AND, finally, The last thing I would like to pay attention to.
Introductory words can begin with a separate construction, for example, a clarifying phrase. In this case, a comma is not placed after the introductory word (in other words, the comma, which was supposed to “close” the introductory word, is transferred to the end of a separate turnover).
I saw, or rather felt, that she was not indifferent to me.
In addition, a comma is not placed before the introductory word located at the end of a separate turnover.
For the holidays, we decided to go somewhere, to Kolomna for example.
If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate construction, then it is separated by commas on a common basis.
I decided to declare my love, feeling, it seems, in my heart that she, too, was not indifferent to me.
If the introductory words are located before the turn, beginning with the words "how" or "to", then they are separated by commas.
The day she lived seemed meaningless to her, in fact, like all life.
He thought for a moment probably, to find the right words.
Exercise
- The portraits hung in front of the mirror.
- On the contrary, he did not even change his face.
- On the one hand, I completely agree with you.
- On the one hand, a double-headed eagle was depicted on the coin.
- The truth is always better than a lie.
- I_true_ was somewhat surprised by this news.
- In spring, flooding is possible.
- There will be a flood in the spring.
- Everyone in our city is already talking about it.
- In Greece_ they say_ everything is there.
- Maybe_ you deigned to express yourself in this way for the beauty of the style? (Gogol).
- The weather forecast says it will be colder next week.
- As scientists say, global warming awaits us.
- The train leaves in an hour_ therefore_ we need to leave the house.
- Fortunately, Pechorin was immersed in thought (Lermontov).
- We have gathered here _ firstly_ in order to resolve the issue of the timing of work.
- He didn’t want to shoot himself_ thank God_ he didn’t want to try ... (Pushkin).
- Of course, you have seen the album (Pushkin) of the county young lady more than once.
- In one word, you got off lightly.
- So_ now we can conclude.
- You do not interfere with me in the least,” he objected, “if you please, shoot, but_ by the way_ as you like; your shot is yours; I am always ready at your service (Pushkin).
- She suffered for a very long time after separation, but_ as you know, time heals any wounds.
- The wind, however, was strong.
- Fedya brought flowers_ however_ Masha did not like it.
- A strong yet warm wind blew through the window.
- A good upbringing, as you know, is obtained in boarding schools (Gogol).
- However, there are various improvements and changes in methods ... (Gogol).
- You must certainly come to us.
- I took from the table_ as I remember now_ the ace of hearts and threw it up (Lermontov).
- However, even General Khvalynsky himself did not like to talk about his service career; he seems to have never been to war (Turgenev).
- You become wild - you know - if you live locked up all the time (Gogol).
- Probably_ he was a man of gratitude and wanted to pay this for good treatment.
- You supposedly were supposed to come to his office and report on the trip.
- Yes, I confess, I thought so myself.
- Anyway, I decided to do things my own way.
- Ivan Petrovich_ you know_ was an extraordinary person.
- Nobody went to him, of course, (Turgenev).
- Gleb, as far as I knew, studied well at the Bryansk gymnasium (Paustovsky).
- But_ perhaps_ the reader is already tired of sitting with me at Ovsyannikov's one-palace, and therefore I eloquently fall silent (Turgenev).
- My arrival - I could notice it - at first somewhat embarrassed the guests.
- However, the political process began to develop in a different way.
- In my last report, I hastened to inform you that we finally managed to solve this problem.
- Experiences of transformations that were around us had _ without a doubt_ strong influence on the thoughts of most of the people involved in them (M. M. Speransky).
- A group of border guards led by an officer went to the violators with the intention, as it_ happened_ earlier, to protest and demand that they leave the territory.
- Finalization of the agreement will probably take several more months.
- Secondly, there are many abuses in the field of international tourism.
- However_ if you remain committed to the spirit and letter of this document, it could not be otherwise.
- We all know very well, and everyone here knows well that on the western, or, as they say, the second front, about 1.5 million Allied troops and about 560 thousand German troops were concentrated.
- This modest, symbolic gesture_ seems to me_ full of deep meaning.
- Luckily, the examples mentioned above are the exception, not the rule.
- Extra value luggage_ can be claimed for certain types of items.
- The reason for this is obvious: when the mind begins to recognize the price of freedom, it dismisses with negligence all the children's toys, so to speak, with which it amused itself in its infancy (M. M. Speransky).
- Pravda_ spoke to me politely, did not force me to do anything, and I remember that I had the impression that he did not take all these accusations seriously.
- But in our case, the truth quickly came out, and we were soon released.
Is "unfortunately" always separated by commas regardless of where it is in the sentence? and got the best answer
Answer from VeroNika[guru]
Here are 2 cases where it doesn't stand out:
§99. Introductory words and phrases
If the introductory word is at the beginning or at the end of a separate turnover, then it is not separated from the turnover by any sign; if the introductory word is in the middle of a separate turnover, then it is distinguished by commas on a common basis. For example:
And Pyotr Petrovich, at least in many ways, is a very respectable person (Dostoevsky); A woman, freckled, red-haired, like a cuckoo, apparently his wife, all the time shouted hysterically (Panferov); In the middle of the clearing grew a large tree, apparently an elm.
Here are examples with our introductory without a comma:
The first site that came across, unfortunately in many ways does not inspire confidence, does not give any guarantees for employment.
The next sign, unfortunately interpreted differently by many socionics, is called "statics - dynamics".
- --- --- --- --- ---
-
Here are more examples where our word is separated on one side only:
After the joining union (at the beginning of an independent sentence), a comma is usually not put:
And unfortunately, I did not find anything on this issue in your program.
But unfortunately we had to cancel the football match.
Yes, unfortunately, I didn't.
However, unfortunately, in my early childhood he traveled a lot and was at home too rarely.
Source: Rosenthal... A GUIDE TO SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, LITERARY EDITING
Answer from Liza Bitsadze[active]
Yes, it's an introductory word!
Answer from Irina Antsupova[guru]
Yes.
Unfortunately, he was not that rich...
He, unfortunately, was not so rich.
He was not that rich, unfortunately.
Answer from Elena[guru]
Yes
Answer from Bella Thorne[newbie]
Yes. Sometimes this is a "pretext" for subordinate clause, so ""unfortunately"" is separated by commas
Answer from Katya siling[newbie]
Always because this is an introductory word.
Answer from Temple Knight[guru]
gangnam style
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: "Unfortunately" is always separated by commas, regardless of the location in the sentence?
Compound and nominal predicate. Introductory words and introductory sentences. They have punctuation marks. Example. Thank you in advance: *
1. Grammatical connective - Lyricism is the highest manifestation of art. (Verbs to be, to be.
Sometimes users of our site have problems related to the fact that they cannot leave comments on the site.
Those. when trying to leave a message or register, the user receives messages like this:
1. Unfortunately, you cannot register on our site because it has been detected that your IP address has previously been used to send spam.
If you have never spammed, then spammers have used your IP address before, you need to change your IP address with your ISP and you will be able to register on our website.
2. You cannot add comments because spam was sent from your IP address or mailbox.
If you have not done this, contact your ISP, your IP address may have been used to send spam.
3. Or the user receives messages that the verification code was entered incorrectly.
I can tell you right away: I cannot influence this situation.
The message clearly states possible reason denial of access to registration or the ability to write messages:
- the verification code was not typed correctly (if you see that the characters are hard to read, then the code can be updated)
- your e-mail address has been used to send spam, or
- your IP address is listed in specialized services in the spam list.
Service for checking the location of the IP address in the spam list
How to get out of the situation:
1
- incorrectly typed verification code
Without options - you typed the code incorrectly.
If you see or are not sure that you can repeat the code that you need to copy - just update it with a button specially designed for this. Until you find one that you can replicate.
2
Previously, the email address was used to send spam
Without options - since your e-mail address is in the database of spammers, then nothing can be done.
Use a different email address.
3
It has been recorded that your IP address has been previously used to send spam.
Possible reasons:
- you have sent spam and your IP address has been banned/blacklisted by systems that monitor it
- you use "public" access to access the network.
There are several options for solving the problem here.
As a rule, providers provide a large number users a random IP address to access the network and someone could send spam.
And it affected you.
In this case, some of the sites will be closed to you and not only the site www....
What can be done:
- register on the site www.aikidoka.ru (or its subdomain) from another computer from another location.
- contact your ISP with a request/demand to change your dynamic IP address
- contact your provider to allocate a personal static IP address to you (it costs money ... on average, 150-200 rubles per month), but this IP will be yours personally.
You can try to change your dynamic IP address yourself:
- turn off all the equipment with which you connect to the network, at least for an hour (you can turn it off for the night).
As a rule, after turning the equipment back on, the dynamic IP address is reset and another dynamic IP address is allocated, and there is a chance that it is not in the spam list.
