Nouns are divided into three types according to the type of declension:
- Nouns female With ending -a, -i(Earth);
- Nouns male with a null ending, neuter nouns with ending -o-e(house, field);
- Null feminine nouns (mouse).
In russian language special group constitute inflected nouns: burden, crown, flame, udder, banner, tribe, stirrup, time, name, path.
A significant group of nouns does not change in gender and number, they are called indeclinable; depot, foyer, aloe, coffee, coat, attache and others.
Adjectives change by gender, number and case in the singular. In plural case endings of adjectives of all three genders are the same: new tables, books, pens.
There are certain rules for declension and numerals. For example, the numeral one is declined as an adjective in the singular, and the numeral two, three, four have special case forms that are similar to the endings of adjectives in the plural.
Numerals from five to ten and numerals -twenty and -ten decline according to the third declension of nouns.
The numerals forty, ninety have two case forms: forty and ninety.
For numerals two hundred, three hundred, four hundred, and for all numerals, both parts are inclined to -hundred.
On this page, you can view the declension of the word "channel" by cases, both in the singular and in the plural. Ruslo is a 5-letter word. Word declension table "channel" by cases is given below. Through the search, you can find other words you need.
Plural
Singular
It is important to know about the declension of words
Difficulties in the formation of numeral forms and their use in speech are mainly associated with their change in cases and combination with nouns.
The main part of the numerals is declined according to the third declension.
The numeral thousand changes like a noun of the first declension.
The numerals forty and one hundred have only one form in indirect cases - forty, one hundred ..
When declining compound ordinal numbers, only their last part changes Collective numbers (two, three, etc.) can only be used with masculine nouns, nouns denoting baby animals, or nouns that have only the plural form.
Combinations of compound numbers ending in two, three, four with nouns that do not have a singular form are not allowed. Only combinations like twenty-one days, twenty-five days are possible.
The numeral pronoun both has two generic forms: both are masculine and neuter, and both are feminine. The same applies to the numeral one and a half.
Adjectives are a part of speech that denotes a sign of an object and answers the questions what ?, what ?, what ?, what? The adjective is in the same case form, number and gender as the noun it depends on.
In the singular, adjectives change by gender and case. The gender of plural adjectives is not determined.
Plural adjectives cannot be gendered.
The change of nouns in cases is characterized by a change in their endings, which are called case forms. In total, there are six cases in Russian, each of which has its own auxiliary question.
The nominative case is called direct (or initial), all the rest - indirect.
Cases express the different roles of a noun in a sentence. There are six cases in Russian. You can determine the case of a noun in a sentence by the question.
In addition to the main questions, the case of a noun can also be recognized by the auxiliary questions that are answered by the circumstances.
Video lesson in Russian "Change of personal pronouns by cases"
As with other forms, genitive plural nouns in each type of declension, several variants of endings can be found.
In general, the following regularity operates during the formation of this form.
If in the initial form (nominative singular) the word has a zero ending, then in the genitive plural the ending is usually non-zero:
a house - many houses, a horse - many horses, a steppe - no steppes.
If in the initial form the ending is non-zero, then in the genitive plural it will be zero:
earth - no lands, loop - no loops, business - no business, place - no places, stigma - no stigmas, apple - no apples.
Thus, the language seeks to get rid of the coincidence of the initial form and indirect forms of the noun.
note
Feminine and neuter nouns ending in -ya, -ye obey general rule and have a null ending in the genitive plural. The final -i in this form is not an ending, but is included in the stem of the word: a prophetess - there are no prophets, a hillock - there are no hills, a nesting place - there are no nesting places, a backwater - there are no backwaters, a spear - no spears, food - no food, housewarming - no housewarming, pancakes - no pancakes, coast - no coasts, drug - no drugs.
However, in reality, this regularity is not absolute. On the one hand, a number of masculine nouns with a base on a hard consonant have a zero ending:
one soldier - several soldiers; one Georgian - several Georgians, one gypsy - several gypsies.
On the other hand, nouns with a non-zero ending in the initial form can also have a non-zero ending in the genitive case, for example:
feminine words: share - several shares, size - several sizes; neuter words: swamp - several swamps, upper reaches - no upper reaches, bottom of the vessel - no bottoms, shaft - no shafts, face - several faces, point - no points, dress - several dresses, mouth - several mouths, awl - several awls.
In live speech, especially in vernacular, two opposite tendencies are now observed.
Firstly, the ending -ov / -ev, inherent primarily in masculine nouns of the second declension, quite consistently displaces other endings (zero, -ey).
For example: colloquially - a lot of people instead of normative many people; no places instead of normative no places.
The latter trend is reinforced by the fact that in the plural in other indirect cases, all nouns have the same endings:
about songs, about people, about fields, about nights, about kilograms.
Secondly, in common speech there is the use of forms with a zero ending in cases where in literary language only forms with non-zero endings are allowed.
For example: plow 10 hectares of land instead of the literary version - 10 hectares of land.
All this requires special attention to the formation of the genitive plural form, especially since many of these options become an indicator of the level of human speech culture. It is no coincidence that morphological errors in the formation of this form are used in a language game, that is, intentionally - to create a comic effect ( How many some people! Delov something! - in modern colloquial speech of the intelligentsia). Such mistakes are also played up in jokes, for example, in the dialogue between an illiterate passenger and an equally illiterate champion of correct speech:
- There are no seats on the tram.
- Not places, but places. You don't know cases.
- And you don't care that we don't know cases.
When forming the genitive plural form in difficult cases several factors must be taken into account.
1. For nouns of the second declension, the endings -ov / -v, -ey are distributed as follows:
for masculine nouns with a solid consonant stem, c or th the main one is the ending -ov / -ev:
many drivers, fighters, geniuses;
for masculine and neuter nouns with a base for a soft consonant or sibilant, the main ending is -ey:
many inhabitants, fields, cases;
nouns ending in -anyin/-yanin (except for the word family man, which does not have a plural form at all), as well as for words barin, boyar, master, Tatar- null ending with clipping -in :
many Slavs, Tatars, bar, citizens.
2. For masculine nouns of the second declension with a hard consonant stem, zero endings and -ov endings tend to be distributed as follows:
A) the ending -ov usually has most of the names of fruits, vegetables, etc.:
five tomatoes, five oranges, five eggplants(admissible - five eggplant);
b) zero ending usually have:
names of paired objects:
a pair of boots, a pair of boots, a pair of boots, a pair of stockings, But: a pair of boots, a pair of boots(admissible - couple bot ), no rails(admissible - no rail); noun sock in the genitive plural has two literary variants - no knitted socks And socks;
names of nationalities with finals -н, -р:
no gypsies, no Romanians, no Ossetians, But: no Bedouins, no Bushmen, no Svans;
names of military personnel of various groups and branches of service:
no soldiers (!), no partisans (!); But: no sappers, no miners, no hussars And hussars, no dragoons And dragoons, no grenadiers And grenadiers, no cuirassiers And cuirassiers, no lancers And ulans;
V) nouns that name units of measurement ( volt, hertz, ohm etc.), usually have two forms in the genitive plural - with the ending -ov and with the zero ending. The zero ending is used in the so-called counting form of units of measurement, that is, when indicating a specific amount, the number of something:
100 volts, 100 amps, 200 hertz, 200 ohms, 1000 x-rays etc.
Nouns gram, kilogram, milligram, carat etc. in the countable form, both forms are acceptable - with the ending -ov and with the zero ending:
10 grams And 10 grams; 10 kilograms And 10 kilograms; 5 carats And 5 carats.
note
Forms with -ov are perceived as more formal. Therefore, if both forms are recognized as acceptable in the literary language, then in writing it is recommended to use variants with -ov ending. Not in a countable form (not when indicating a quantity), these nouns necessarily end in -ov.
Yes, in this collective farm, not only grams, but also kilograms of losses are not counted!
Not all names of units of measurement obey this pattern. The ending -ov is required in any context for the following nouns:
acre (10 acres), hectare (10 hectares), inch (5 inches), liter (10 liters), meter (5 meters), kilometer (5 kilometers), millimeter (10 millimeters), centimeter (10 centimeters), pood ( 10 pounds), pound (10 pounds), foot (5 feet), yard (5 yards).
The ending -ov is usually also masculine nouns with a base on a solid consonant, denoting monetary units:
dollar (five dollars), dinar (five dinars) and etc.
3. For nouns of the first declension, zero endings usually have nouns with an accent on the basis in the initial form:
a shoe - a pair of shoes, an apple tree - five apple trees, a heron - five herons, a wedding - five weddings, a town hall - several town halls, but: a share - five shares; uncle - no uncles and uncles; skittles - five skittles; a handful - five handfuls and a handful; rokhlya - no rokhlya, a young man - five young men.
The ending -ee can have nouns with an accent on the last syllable in the initial form:
candle - five candles, article - five articles, family - five families, tub - no bads, melon - no melons, sheet - five sheets And five sheets, But: poker - five pokers, shafts - five shafts And dumbfounded
note on the formation of the genitive form of the plural of nouns that have accentological variants in the initial form: barge And barge - no barges And barge, loop And loop - no loops.
4. For nouns that are used only in the plural, the most common is the zero ending:
pasta - no pasta, money - no money, sawdust - no sawdust, ink - no ink.
At the same time, a number of such nouns will have a non-zero ending. In this case, the ending -ov / -ev is typical for nouns with a stem on a solid consonant, on r, k, x and a vowel:
jeans - no jeans (!), clips - no clips, wallpaper - no wallpaper, bronchi - no bronchi.
The ending -ee is common among nouns with a stem in a soft consonant:
sledge - no sledge, gangway - no gangway, manger - no manger (!), curls - no curls, harp - no harp.
How peer options function: rake - no rake And no rakes, stilts - no stilts And no stilts, everyday life - no everyday life And weekday
5. If the stem of a noun in its initial form ends in a combination of two consonants ( hollow, towel, song, doll), then when forming the genitive plural form with a zero ending, fluent vowels o and e usually appear between these consonants:
no dupe l, no towels, no songs, no dolls, no roses, no planks (permissible - doso k), no villages, no sabers, no shoes, no kitchens, no dusk, no nozzles and nozzles, but: dachshund - no dachshunds, morning - several mornings.
6. Pay attention to the formation of the genitive plural form of the following nouns:
Buryats - no Buryats and Buryats, son-in-law - no sons-in-law, commentary - no comments, hooves - no hooves and hooves, corrections - no corrections, lower reaches - lower reaches and lower reaches, apprentice - no apprentices, polentse - no polenze and towels, Turks - no Turk, ear - without ears, awl - no awls.
