Presentation on the topic of the norm of the Russian language. Russian literary language. norms of the Russian literary language. department of Russian language and literature imoyak tpu. Violations of language norms as an artistic technique

The concept of speech culture

What is a "culture of speech"?

• the ability to clearly, clearly, competently express one's thoughts, the ability to influence listeners;

• as a special linguistic discipline, it is such a quality of speech that ensures the most effective communication while observing linguistic, communicative and ethical standards.

The concept of speech culture

A CULTURE OF SPEECH

Language Component

Communicative component

Language norms (spelling, etc.)

Ethical Component

Communicative norms (compliance with the requirements of accuracy, intelligibility, purity of speech, possession of speech styles)

Etiquette of business writing, etiquette of oral communication

The concept of language norm

The language norm is the main feature literary language.

A norm is a set of rules for the use of words, their grammatical forms, the rules of pronunciation, word formation, operating in a given period of the literary language; word usage rules.

• Accent (accent)
• Orthoepic (pronunciation of sounds and their combinations)
• Lexical ( right choice words according to their meanings)
• Phraseological (correct use sustainable combinations)
• Word-building (formation of words and their structure)

• Spelling
• Punctuation
• Grammatical (rules for using morphological forms of different parts of speech)

• Syntactic (rules for linking words in a sentence and a phrase)

• Stylistic (style affiliation of language elements)

1) sent to the store

2) old

1) ailment

3) flint

2) bent

1) dobela

3) will give a medal

4) nursing

2) heretic

1) started

2) called guests

4) plum

3) redeemed

3) gas pipeline

4) started

4) to the top

Orthoepic norms

In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel correctly highlighted?

2) Souvenir - a birthday present.

3) Actual - very important, topical.

4) Disinform - to report distorted or false information.

Lexical norms

The lexical meaning of which word is formulated incorrectly?

2) Absolute

3) Perfect

4) Flawless

Lexical norms

What word has the meaning "unconditional, independent of anything, taken beyond comparison with anything"?

2) Convey in your own words

3) See with your own eyes

4) Do it yourself

Phraseological norms

What phraseological phrase has the meaning "independently, without anyone's help"?

2) Country, sincerity, roll up

3) Grounded, suede, stutter

4) Ferment, splinter, bosom

Word-building norms

In which row does the prefix stand out in all words behind- ?

• K_leidoscope, met_morphosis, euk_lipt, am_ralny
• St_tistics, floor_zherka, light_marine, p_stament
• K_ravan, concert, p_ntomima, f_milia
• P_radox, tr_mplin, r_rmonia, sh_mpignon

Spelling norms

In which row in all words is the letter written A ?

• Liberated village, defective goods, loaded gun
• Lined notebook, mighty road, snake venom
• Trained dogs, clay pot, scatter toys
• Armored car, risky act, straw hat

Spelling norms

In which row is NN written in all words?

• Reading is the best teaching.
• Genius is patience.
• His life is like a legend.
• Live to serve the Motherland.

Punctuation norms

Which sentence should not include a dash?

• A person probably needs to know all the delights of civilization in order to come to such an understanding of happiness.
• However, our meeting took place under very strange circumstances.
• The earth seemed to have increased its gravity many times over.
• On one side the mountains were silent, on the other side the sea was noisy.

Punctuation norms

Which sentence has no introductory constructions?

1) lie down on the ground

2) kilogram of waffles

1) more fun than everyone

3) five hundred seventy-six reviews

2) five saucers

1) two hundred kilograms

3) go to the prince

4) the strangest case

2) name day

1) burning wood

2) in three hundred steps

4) fifty-five ways

3) more firmly

4) with fifty soldiers

3) more beautiful performance

4) kilogram of pasta

Grammar norms

Give an example with an error

in word form formation

After reading the professor's article,

1) we had many questions about the premises of the theory.

2) the originality and simplicity of the concept delighted Stanislav.

3) Natalia had a desire to personally discuss with the author some aspects of his work.

4) I was struck by the boldness of the expressed idea to the depths of my soul.

Grammar norms

Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence

1) In the epic novel "War and Peace" there are many battle scenes.

2) Those of us who skied on this cold winter day got frostbite on our face and hands.

3) According to the traditions that have developed in the fleet, the passage through the equator is a significant event for the team.

4) Heinrich Mann is rightfully considered one of the greatest realist prose writers who lived in the twentieth century.

Grammar norms

Find a sentence with a grammatical error (violation of the syntactic norm)

There are about 200 types of cells in the human body. Since its inception, microscopy has been the leading method for studying cells. Most of the cell components are transparent, so they are not visible under a microscope. To make them visible, the cells are stained by first treating them with special solutions that, while preserving the structure of the cell, make it permeable to the dye.

Stylistic norms

Determine the style of the text, name the words,

which can be replaced by more appropriate to this style

• language protection function (norms help the literary language to maintain its integrity and comprehensibility, protect the literary language from the flow of dialect speech, social and professional jargons, and vernacular)
• the function of reflecting the history of the language (norms reflect what has developed in the language historically)

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Slides captions:

GORBUNOVA Elena Viktorovna, teacher of the Russian language NORMS OF THE RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE Municipal educational institution average comprehensive school No. 48 of the Voroshilovsky district of Volgograd

The concept of speech culture What is a "speech culture"? the ability to clearly, clearly, competently express one's thoughts, the ability to influence listeners; as a special linguistic discipline, it is such a quality of speech that ensures the most effective communication while observing linguistic, communicative and ethical standards.

The concept of speech culture SPEECH CULTURE Language component Communicative component Ethical component Language norms (spelling, etc.) Communication norms (compliance with the requirements of accuracy, intelligibility, purity of speech, mastery of speech styles) Etiquette of business writing, etiquette of oral communication

The concept of the language norm The language norm is the main feature of the literary language. The norm is understood as a set of rules for the use of words, their grammatical forms, rules for pronunciation, word formation, operating in a given period of the literary language; word usage rules.

Types of language norms Accentological (stress) Orthoepic (pronunciation of sounds and their combinations) Lexical (correct choice of words, taking into account their meanings) Phraseological (correct use of stable combinations) Derivational (formation of words and their structure)

Types of language norms Spelling Punctuation Grammar (rules for using morphological forms of different parts of speech) Syntactic (rules for linking words in a sentence and phrase) Stylistic (style affiliation of language elements)

Orthoepic norms In which word is the letter denoting a stressed vowel correctly highlighted? 1) sent to the store 2) old 3) flint 4) nursing 1) ailment 2) bent 3) will give a medal 4) plum 1) whitewash 2) heretic 3) uncorked 4) started 1) started 2) invited guests 3) gas pipeline 4 ) to the top

Lexical norms The lexical meaning of which word is formulated incorrectly? A navigator is a specialist in driving ships and aircraft. 2) Souvenir - a birthday present. 3) Actual - very important, topical. 4) Disinform - to report distorted or false information.

Lexical norms What word has the meaning "unconditional, independent of anything, taken beyond comparison with anything"? Exemplary 2) Absolute 3) Perfect 4) Flawless

Phraseological norms What phraseological phrase has the meaning "independently, without anyone's help"? Your head on your shoulders 2) Transfer in your own words 3) See with your own eyes 4) Do it with your own hands

Word-formation norms In which row does the prefix za- stand out in all words? Decayed, fallow, legal 2) Country, sincerity, roll 3) Grounded, suede, stutter 4) Ferment, splinter, bosom

Spelling norms In which row in all words is the letter A written? K_leidoscope, met_morphosis, euk_lipt, am_ralny St_tistics, et_zherka, ltr_marine, p_stament K_ravan, k_ncert, p_ntomima, f_milia P_radox, tr_mplin, g_rmonia, sh_mpignon

Spelling norms In which row is NN written in all words? Liberated village, defective __ goods, loaded gun Linova __ notebook, powerful road, snake venom Trained __ dogs, clay __ pot, scatter toys __ Armored car, risky __ deed, straw hat

Punctuation norms Which sentence should not include a dash? Reading is the best teaching. Genius is patience. His life is like a legend. Live to serve the Motherland.

Punctuation norms Which sentence has no introductory constructions? A person probably needs to know all the delights of civilization in order to come to such an understanding of happiness. However, our meeting took place under very strange circumstances. The earth seemed to have increased its gravity many times over. On one side the mountains were silent, on the other side the sea was noisy.

Grammar norms Indicate an example with an error in the formation of the word form 1) lie down on the ground 2) a kilogram of waffles 3) five hundred and seventy-six reviews 4) the strangest case 1) more fun than all 2) five saucers 3) go to the prince 4) fifty-five ways 1) two hundred kilograms 2) name day 3) more firmly 4) with fifty soldiers 1) burning firewood 2) in three hundred steps 3) a more beautiful performance 4) a kilogram of pasta

Grammatical norms Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence After reading the professor's article, 1) we had many questions about the premises of the theory. 2) the originality and simplicity of the concept delighted Stanislav. 3) Natalia had a desire to personally discuss with the author some aspects of his work. 4) I was struck by the boldness of the expressed idea to the depths of my soul.

Grammatical norms Find a sentence with a grammatical error (violation of the syntactic norm) 1) There are many battle scenes in the epic novel "War and Peace". 2) Those of us who skied on this cold winter day got frostbite on our face and hands. 3) According to the traditions that have developed in the fleet, the passage through the equator is a significant event for the team. 4) Heinrich Mann is rightfully considered one of the greatest realist prose writers who lived in the twentieth century.

Stylistic norms Determine the style of the text, name the words that can be replaced more appropriate to this style. There are about 200 types of cells in the human body. Since its inception, microscopy has been the leading method for studying cells. Most of the cell components are transparent, so they are not visible under a microscope. To make them visible, the cells are stained by first treating them with special solutions that, while preserving the structure of the cell, make it permeable to the dye.

The functions of the norms are the function of protecting the language (norms help the literary language to maintain its integrity and intelligibility, protect the literary language from the flow of dialect speech, social and professional jargons, and vernacular) the function of reflecting the history of the language (the norms reflect what has developed in the language historically)

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"Russian language in skillful hands and in experienced lips - beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and roomy. A.I. Kuprin

Orthoepy is a set of rules that establish a uniform pronunciation of individual sounds, combinations of sounds, grammatical forms and individual words.

1. Pronunciation of vowels a) reduction: a quantitative and qualitative change in the pronunciation of a sound in a speech stream, depending on how far it is from the stressed syllable. b) absence / o / in an unstressed position: milk - m / a / l / a / ko gold - angry / a / t / a / expensive - d / a / r / a / g O th.

c) transition /i/ to /s/ in position after solid consonants: without /s/gloy d) pronunciation of /s/ after /w/, /w/, /c/: w/s/t, sh/s/ t e) squealing: in / a / yes, p / a / ethic hiccuping: l / and / aunt

2. Consonant pronunciation

c) assimilation of consonants to the quality of the subsequent sound on the basis of softness/hardness, deafness/voicedness: /s/neg, /f/se, pro/zb/ba

d) combinations of h as shn: boulo / shn / th and bakery, dairy and milk / shn / th, wheat / shn / th and wheat, lavo / shn / ik and shopkeeper, bakery and bulo / shn / th, plum / shn /th and creamy, i/shn/eva and barley, but kone/shn/o, sku/shn/o, yai/shn/itsa

e) in the indefinite form of the verb in place -tsya is pronounced -tstsa: smile / tss / a, developing / tss / a e) the combination of letters zzh is pronounced as a double soft / zhzh /:

3. Pronunciation of borrowed words a) hard consonants before e: in words denoting the concepts of foreign life: peer, mayor, dandy, cottage, cocktail, constable; V proper names, surnames: Chopin, Flaubert, Voltaire, La Fontaine; in terminology: interview, modernization.

b) before [e], consonants are softened if the borrowed words have already been mastered by the Russian language: k[r"]em, aka[d"]emia, faculty[t"]et, mu[z"]her, shi[n"]el c) the consonants g, k, x are always softened before [e]: ma [k "]et, [g"] eyzer, [k"] egli, s [x"]ema

Stress - highlighting a syllable in a word with greater power of pronunciation and an increase in duration.

1 . Distinguishes different words: deputy O k - z A mok, muk A - m U ka, coward I t - tr U sit, poguzh Y n n - immersed 2. Distinguishes forms different words: wear U - n O shu, circles I - circles, arrows I - arrows, squirrel I - whites

3. Distinguishes the forms of one word: braid And those - to O sieve, nose And those - n O sieve 4. Distinguishes functional and stylistic options: laurel Ovy leaf - family of l A rovs (scientific)

1. Diversity of stress Sister, slowly, lie down, pharmacy, Optics, polyclinic, dental

2. Mobility of stress bandage - bandage doctor - doctor treat - treat, cure leaf - leaf, leaves

1. Patients of the fifteenth, sixteenth and nineteenth wards, please take your medicines at exactly twelve o'clock (from the announcement at the nurse's post) 2. First of all, my intention is to take care of you, my dear, and only then all the documents, diets, gastoroscopies, dysentery (from a conversation between a doctor and a patient)

3. Chronic ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels of the heart, angina at rest and exertion. Postinfarction cardiosclerosis (from diagnoses).

Whooping cough, analgin, anatomist, biopsy, endoscopy, aches, obituary, dumbness, force, means, catalog, surgery, pampered, hospital, contract, camphor, pantry, alleviate, anamnesis, fear, orthopedics, block, life support, sealed, call, meager, to intercede.

Adequate, adenoids, watercolor, anesthesia, benefis, prodigy, detective, delicacy, identical, interview, boarding school, computer, cream, laser, press, sweater, sepsis, tempo, timbre, thermos, dash, chimpanzee, stamp.

stress falls on A stress falls on O stress falls on E stress falls on I anatomist biopsy contract means phenomenon conspiracy drowsiness beet slander prettier an A tom s A slander n A vernacular dog Orfen Omen katal Og drem Otalom Ota means

Yuminova E.V. We master the norms of pronunciation and stress. / Russian language, No. 07, 2010. P.10-17 Dotsenko S.P. And now about the stress - http://rus.1september.ru Narushevich A.G. Methods of preparation for the exam in the Russian language: lesson planning, lesson organization, exercise system. Lecture No. 1. Phonetics. Graphic arts. Orthoepy. / Russian language, No. 17, 2011. P.5-14. Complete reference In Russian. Spelling. Punctuation. Orthoepy. Vocabulary. Grammar. Stylistics: N. N. Solovieva - St. Petersburg, Onyx, Astrel, Mir and Ob, 2011 - 464 p. Russian language. Grade 10. Speech norms. "Speak so I can see you." Tutorial: N. A. Senina, T. N. Glyantseva, N. A. Gurdaeva - St. Petersburg, Legion, 2014 - 272 p.

2 An integral part of the general culture of a person is the culture of speech, i.e. the ability of a writer or speaker to express their thoughts in accordance with the content, correctly and expressively. The concept of "language norm" is one of the key concepts in the doctrine of the correctness of speech. The norm of the literary language is a socially approved rule, i.e. the generally accepted use of words, phrases, word forms, syntactic constructions, fixed in dictionaries and reference books.

4 Grammatical norms of the language Morphological norms are the norms of inflection in the declension of nominal parts of speech, in the conjugation of verbs, the norms of word formation and the definition of gender. Syntactic norms are rules for the use of syntactic constructions, ignorance of which leads to incorrect construction of phrases or sentences.

6 Determine in which sentences there are NO syntax errors, explain your choice: 1. Several boys looked at each other in surprise. 2. The launch vehicle has been delivered into orbit. 3. The train left according to the schedule. 4. She was young and beautiful. 5. I was traveling with a group of children playing sports. 6. When you look around, you get the impression that you have already been here.

7 Syntax errors Violation of agreement between the predicate and the subject Four students participated in the game. Violation of control According to order a Violation of agreement A pair of windows covered with a curtain is visible. Violation of the way of expressing the predicate in separate constructions Everyone was happy and cheerful. Errors in the use of aspect-temporal forms of verbs I live in Lermontov and was happy.

8 Syntax errors Mistakes in sentences with participle turnover The path is covered with melting snow underfoot. Mistakes in constructionThe book teaches me to think, which I read as a child Mixing straight and indirect speech Peter said that I do not agree with your opinion. Violation of the boundaries of the proposal. It was already night. When I got home.

9 Vocabulary - orthoepic warm-up 1). Determine lexical meaning paronyms: well-fed - well-fed, swampy - swampy, come to life - revive, subscriber-subscription, everyday-everyday, deed-misconduct. 2). In which sentence should the word WATER be used instead of the word WATER? 1. Land reclamation of swamps has disturbed the water balance. 2. There are many aquatic beetles in an overgrown pond. 3. Water channels have become very popular, especially among young people. 4. In the rain, plants store up moisture and can manage with their water reserves for a long time.

10 3. Solve orthoepic tasks: 1. In which word is the stress on the 2nd syllable? a/ beets b/ blinds c/ wholesale d/ briefly 2. In which word is the stress on 1 syllable? a/ otherwise b/ expert c/ drowsiness d/ sign 3. In which word is the stress on the 3rd syllable? a/ instrument b/ yawning c/ outright d/ accepted 4. Which word has more sounds than letters? a/ south b/ explained c/ hatch d/ filming 5. Which word has the sound Y? a/ nanny b/ village c/ entrance d/ wheels

11 Write the nouns in the nominative case plural: Address, director, doctor, master, professor, silk. Contract, engineer, officer, coach, driver, month, cake, hospital. Rewrite, opening brackets: a pair (felt boots, boots, boots, stockings, socks); a lot (cases, places, apples, tangerines); kilogram (oranges, tangerines, tomatoes, tomatoes); group (engineers, trainers, drivers). Decline the numbers 749, one and a half, both. Form all possible forms of degrees of comparison from the following adjectives: beautiful, bitter, sweet, deep, small. Form the form of the imperative mood of the verbs: go, kindle, lie down, erase.

12 CHECK YOURSELF Find a grammatical error in the formation of the form of the word, write this word correctly: Headmasters, a container being loaded, five kilograms, in the snow, thousands of Bashkirs, a lot of people, a lot of Georgians, all the drivers, two pairs of socks, my shoe, a few tangerines , a lot of apples, 5 kilobytes, delicious coffee, a party of cadets, the most beautiful, I manage a warehouse, I save it for later, six hundred meters, an hour and a half drive, a glass of juice, a lot of snow.

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Violations of language norms as an artistic technique

The custom of customs is an honor upon honor, But here everyone is yours, here you can not lie, Here is the evening for those who were once together, Here you washed your hands - and you can take it. And there - even in the sewers, even in the general secretaries - Multiply life by fate and divide it in half. We will all be there - yes, but in different compartments! It looks like it will backfire on everyone. You, what do you know about me? My rock and roll is myself. Everything else is nonsense behind the eyes, Everything else is outside: Outside the understanding of you and me, Outside the competence of me and you, Everything else is just garbage Without the right to retell, Everything else is jumping and antics, Everything else is a mutual execution, Everything else is life's belongings, But ... Such is the ZHZL!

slide 3

Lexical errors

The use of words in an unusual sense I borrowed money from him. All this was almost broken due to severe frost. At the new place of work, I was given an insurance policy.

slide 4

Borrow - lend. Correct: I borrowed money from him. The meaning of the union "thanks" includes the element "desired result". That's right: All this was almost broken due to severe frost. Pole - limit, border, extreme point of something; something diametrically opposed to the other (two poles). Policy - a document certifying the conclusion of certain Contracts (for example, insurance). Polis - a city-state, a special form of socio-economic and political organization of society, typical for Ancient Greece and ancient Italy. Correct: I was issued an insurance policy.

slide 5

Violation of lexical compatibility A good leader should show an example to his subordinates in everything. Our museum fulfills all the features that other museums do.

slide 6

Place of error: show sample; performs features. Right: set an example or serve as a model; performs duties or has features Examples of incompatibility: play a role, have a role

Slide 7

Semantic redundancy (pleonasm) Price list Take a full face photo My autobiography Service maintenance Mixing of paronyms (words that are similar in sound or spelling, but differ in meaning) For example: dress-put on, spectacular-effective, business trip, addressee put on a coat The man leads a festive life. The more chances you have to win our prize, which is a T-shirt with the Radio-7 logo.

Slide 8

Correct options: Price list, take a photo from the front, autobiography, service I put on my coat. The man leads an idle life. The more chances you have to win our prize, which is a T-shirt with the Radio-7 logo.

Slide 9

Grammatical errors

Incorrect formation of the comparative form of the adjective He was considered the most capable student. This book is more interesting. I'll highlight the most recent one.

Slide 10

Correct options: He was considered the brightest student. Or: He was considered the most capable student. This book is more interesting. Or: This book is more interesting. I will note from the most recent.

slide 11

Syntax errors

Violation of the order of words The Cossack horses rushed ahead, which were covered with foam. The built house on the outskirts of the city fell apart.

slide 12

Place of error: the pronoun "which" refers to the noun followed by (in this case "Cossacks"). Correct: Cossacks on horses covered with foam were rushing ahead Place of error: A house built on the outskirts Correct: A house built on the outskirts of the city fell apart.

slide 13

Displacement of the structure Citizens entering the premises must take off their outer clothing.

Slide 14

Place of error: Citizens, .. . . must take off Correct: Citizens entering the premises must take off their outer clothing.

slide 15

Errors in management The response to the application was received immediately. I doubt that everything will end well. We want to draw public attention to this problem. discussed about that; claim that; understand that; during the period of time you specify; means that; don't believe about that; expected that; talking about what he noticed.

slide 16

Correct options: The response to the application was received immediately. I doubt that everything will end well. We want to draw public attention to this problem. discussed the question of what (or: discussed what); claim that; realized that; during the period of time you are talking about; means that; do not believe that; expected that; talking about what he mentioned.

Slide 17

Incorrect use of conjunctions In the dark, it seemed to him that someone was following in his footsteps. He not only loved prose, but also poetry. Archaeologists have found not only manuscripts, but also household items of ancient people.

Slide 18

Place of error: the union "as if" is redundant in this case. Correct: In the darkness it seemed to him that someone was following in his footsteps. Place of error: Both parts of the compound union "not only, but also" must always stand before homogeneous members of the sentence. That's right: He loved not only prose, but also poetry. Place of error: not only ... but also (such a complex union does not exist; there is a complex union not only, but also) Correct: Archaeologists have found not only manuscripts, but also household items of ancient people.

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Errors in the use of homogeneous members I offer the skin of a bear, songbirds. If during the period of warranty operation defects are found that have arisen due to the fault of the contractor and which do not allow the normal operation of the product to continue, then the warranty period is extended. Syntax errors

Slide 20

Syntax errors

Place of mistake: bear skin... and birds; arising ... and which do not allow Correct options: I offer songbirds and a bear skin. If during the period of warranty operation defects are found that have arisen through the fault of the contractor and do not allow the normal operation of the product to continue, then the warranty period is extended.

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Errors in the use of adverbial phrases After walking a few steps, an interesting thought dawned on him. Looking at this situation, my hand does not rise to criticize the local authorities. After reading the work, I think that the main ideas in it are expressed correctly. All presentation in the book is made extremely short, taking into account the student's time budget. Having received a wound, the soldier was saved by his comrades. Syntax errors

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Syntax errors

Place of error: having passed ... a thought dawned; looking, ….. the hand does not rise; after reading ... I think; done… considering; received ... was saved. Rule: A participial turnover always denotes an action performed by the subject. Therefore: The adverbial turnover cannot be used if the action, expressed by the predicate, and the action expressed by the gerund belong to different persons. A participial turnover cannot be used in an impersonal sentence that has a logical subject. The adverbial turnover cannot be used if the sentence is expressed by a passive construction. Correct Options: After walking a few steps, an interesting thought struck me. When I look at this situation, the hand does not go up…. After reading the work, I thought that the main ideas in it are expressed correctly. All presentation in the book is made extremely short, taking into account the student's time budget. The wounded soldier was saved by his comrades.

slide 23

Surname declension