Education is an integral process of becoming a person, without which the existence of modern society would be impossible. After all, to be a useful state unit, you must definitely learn something. It is for this purpose that preschool and general educational institutions, as well as institutions vocational education. In the article will be discussed about general educational institutions - their types, kinds and features.
Terminology
When considering this topic, you first need to understand what an educational institution is. This is a special institution where pedagogical process where programs of education, upbringing and development of children are implemented. In turn, there is a whole list of educational institutions, which are divided by type.
- Preschool. Here, depending on the type, the age of children ranges from 1 to 7 years.
- General educational institutions
- Vocational education institutions that provide specific knowledge narrow focus and receive the appropriate qualifications.
- Correctional institutions, where children belong to the category of students with special educational needs.
- Institutions for orphans or equivalent children. These are orphanages where children not only study, but also live.
- Institutions additional education children and separately - adults (postgraduate education).
Kindergartens
The first educational institutions that children attend are preschool. Educational institutions will be the next step. Most kindergartens accept children from the age of two. In addition to education, which is free, children are looked after and cared for in the kindergarten, as they spend almost the whole day within the walls of the institution. This service is paid by parents, but not in full. 80% of the costs are covered by the municipality, while parents pay for the remaining 20%.
The gradation of groups in kindergartens is carried out according to two criteria - age and orientation. The classification takes into account the age of the child at the beginning school year(September 1) and includes groups for children 2-3 years old, 3-4 years old, 4-5 years old, 5-6 years old and 6-7 years old.
The orientation of the group is determined by the contingent of pupils, in accordance with which educational programs are selected. Thus, they distinguish:
- general developmental groups;
- groups of combined orientation;
- compensation groups.
About educational institutions
For the longest time, children attend general educational institutions - from 7 to 18 years. If a teenager chooses an institution of primary or secondary vocational education for further education, then he finishes school at the age of 16.
Varieties of educational institutions
Elementary School. These are the first four grades of a child's education. Children enter the 1st grade according to the results of certain tests, which make it possible to determine the degree of their readiness for schooling. The main task of teachers here is not only to give the children knowledge, but also to teach them to learn, to instill an interest in the sciences.
high school. We can say that this is an intermediate link between elementary and high schools. It occupies the period from 5 to 9 grade, the age of students ranges from 9-10 to 14-15 years. After the end of this period, those who wish can enter either high school or to vocational education institutions (primary or secondary).
High school. Children are taught in grades 10-11, whose age is from 15 to 17 years. Here there is a deeper study of science, preparation for admission to universities. Upon completion, students receive a certificate of secondary complete general education. For some activities, this is already enough.
Special education
There are also correctional or special educational institutions. Who are they for? Children who have some developmental problems or limited health opportunities are determined there. However, it should be noted that the modern education system offers Alternative option- inclusive education for the successful socialization of such kids. Although in practice everything does not always work out as well as in theory. Another alternative for these guys - distance learning. However, even here there are problems with the further introduction of children into society.
Money matters
Having understood what an educational institution is (secondary comprehensive school, junior and children's schools) it should be noted that such institutions may also differ in the type of funding. There are types here:
- State or municipal schools that are completely free.
- Private schools where parents pay a fee for the education of their children.
The question here is only in paying for the learning process itself. Parental money to improve the material and technical base of the class or school does not belong to this section at all.
Gymnasiums, lyceums
State educational institutions may also be referred to as lyceums or gymnasiums. In fact, these are ordinary schools. And after their graduation, the child receives the same certificate of secondary education. However, their peculiarity is that they offer a more detailed study. certain items. Sometimes such educational institutions cooperate with universities, preparing future students for study in them.
Evening Schools
Considering general educational institutions, one must also understand what evening schools are. The practice of their work is not as active today as it was in the days of Soviet Union but they still exist and function perfectly. For whom are they intended? In our country, secondary complete general education is compulsory. Unlike higher. So, without a certificate of completed secondary education, the employer cannot provide the employee good place. If on time, in adolescence, for some reason, it was not possible to finish school, later a person can be sent to finish his studies in the evening. The name already speaks for itself. People come here after the end of the working day. After studying at an evening school, a person receives a certificate of secondary complete general education.
Any society, regardless of its state structure along with the functions of production and reproduction, to ensure progressive development, it also implements the function of educating its members. To this end, it creates social order to education - the requirement from the side of society and the state to the content of education and the qualities of the personality that is being formed in the educational space. In order to implement the social order, the state creates educational system(a complex of educational institutions), the leading subsystem of which is a general education school.
Viewing the education system as social institution, it should be noted that the main type of institute of education are educational (educational) institutions providing the content of education and training and (or) implementing one or more educational programs. According to their organizational and legal forms, educational institutions can be state, municipal and non-state (private or owned by public and religious organizations). Activities of state, municipal educational institutions regulated by standard regulations on the respective types and types of educational institutions approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and charters developed on their basis. For non-state educational institutions, standard provisions serve as exemplary ones.
The education system has the following types of educational institutions :
1. Preschool educational institutions (kindergarten, kindergarten, progymnasium, children's development center, etc.) are created to help the family to raise children from one to six years old, protect and strengthen their physical and mental health, develop individual abilities and necessary correction of developmental deficiencies. Education and training carried out in preschool educational institutions are preparatory stage primary education.
2. General educational institutions are represented mainly by state educational schools, as well as elite institutions ( gymnasiums And lyceums). The secondary school has three levels, which correspond to the three main stages of a child's development: childhood, adolescence, youth:
Stage I - Primary School (3-4 years) gives an opportunity to get primary general education and is designed to ensure the formation of the child's personality, the holistic development of his abilities, the formation of the student's ability and desire to learn. In elementary school, students acquire the necessary skills and abilities learning activities, learn to read, write, count, master the elements theoretical thinking, cultural speech and behavior, the basics of personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle life. Educational subjects at this level have the character of integrated courses that lay the initial idea of nature, society, man and his work. Optional classes in physical, aesthetic and labor education, foreign languages, etc. may be introduced in elementary school.
Stage II - basic school (5 years) gives an opportunity to get basic general education and lays and lays a solid foundation for the general education necessary for the graduate to continue his education, his full inclusion in the life of society. It ensures the development of the student's personality, his inclinations, the ability to social self-determination, a deep assimilation of the foundations of science and the formation of a scientific worldview. The introduction at this stage of education of additional elective subjects (in addition to compulsory subjects covering 75-80% of study time), optional courses, and a system of extracurricular activities is aimed at a more complete development of students' inclinations and abilities. Education in the basic school can be carried out according to different levels of programs. Basic school is compulsory. Graduates of the basic school continue their education in the secondary school. They also have the right to continue their education in vocational educational institutions of various types and profiles with different terms of study, in evening and correspondence secondary general education schools.
Stage III - high school (2-3 years) gives an opportunity to get secondary (complete) general education and ensures the completion of the general education of students on the basis of a broad and deep differentiation of education, creates conditions for the most complete consideration of the interest of students, their active inclusion in the life of society. To this end, the curriculum of this level includes, along with compulsory subjects at the choice of the student. In order to stimulate self-educational work of students, the mandatory weekly workload at the third level of the school is significantly reduced compared to the previous level. For deeper differentiation, the school council may decide to introduce one or more study profiles at the school (humanities, physics and mathematics, chemical and biological, technical, agricultural, economic, etc.). Labor training is built taking into account the profile of training chosen by students.
3. Special educational institutions (classes , groups ) corrective character created for students with developmental disabilities and handicapped (schools for the visually impaired, the deaf, etc.). These institutions provide treatment, education, training, social adaptation and integration of children into society. In them, children and adolescents are sent by educational authorities only with the consent of their parents (persons replacing them) at the conclusion of a psychological, medical and pedagogical consultation.
4. Special institutions providing medical and social rehabilitation, education and vocational training are created for adolescents with socially dangerous, deviant behavior, who have reached the age of eleven, who need special conditions for education and training and require special pedagogical approach. The direction of students to these educational institutions is carried out only by a court decision.
5. Professional educational institutions - state or non-state institutions that implement professional educational programs of the appropriate level in order to train skilled workers (workers, employees) and specialists in accordance with the approved lists of professions and specialties. Vocational education institutions are created to implement professional educational programs for primary, secondary and higher professional education:
Institutions of primary vocational (professional lyceum, vocational and other schools) implement educational programs initial vocational education and aims to train skilled workers in all major areas of social useful activity based on the main general education. For individual professions, it can be based on secondary (complete) general education.
Institutions of secondary vocational (secondary specialized educational institutions - technical schools, colleges, colleges) are aimed at training mid-level specialists, meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education. It can be obtained in educational institutions of secondary vocational education or at the first stage of educational institutions of higher professional education.
Institutions of higher professional education (higher education institutions - institutes, academies, universities) aims to train and retrain specialists of the appropriate level, meet the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of secondary (complete) general, secondary vocational education. Persons with primary and secondary vocational education of the relevant profile may receive higher vocational education under a reduced, accelerated program.
Postgraduate Vocational Education Institutions (postgraduate, doctoral, residency, adjuncture institutes at educational institutions of higher professional education and scientific institutions) provides citizens with the opportunity to improve the level of education, scientific and pedagogical qualifications on the basis of higher professional education.
6. Institutions of additional education (advanced training institutions, courses, vocational guidance centers, music and art schools, art schools, home children's creativity, stations young technicians, stations of young naturalists, etc.), which implement additional educational programs and services. These are services of various orientations that go beyond the main educational programs, provided in order to fully meet the educational needs of citizens, society, and the state.
7. boarding schools And orphanages created for orphans and children left without parental care due to their illness, death, deprivation of parental rights and other reasons, created . They solve the problems of preserving the life and health of children, their upbringing, education, preparation for independent living And labor activity. The network of orphanages in Russia includes pre-school orphanages (for children aged 3-7); mixed (for preschoolers and school-age children); orphanages for school-age children (from 7 to 18 years old). Children from the same family are placed in one Orphanage where they create the necessary conditions for maintaining family relations between them.
8. Other institutions implementing educational process :
For citizens held in educational and labor and correctional labor institutions, the administration of these institutions and state educational authorities create conditions for obtaining basic general and primary vocational education, vocational training, as well as self-education;
Rehabilitation of children's health is carried out in health-improving and sanatorium-forest schools;
In order to prepare children for a school where education is not conducted on mother tongue, as well as children who were not brought up in preschool institutions, schools open preparatory classes
If necessary, students are provided boarding schools (hostels) with the corresponding state, extended And full day recruited on a voluntary basis
evening And correspondence schools for working youth are opened mainly on the basis of third-level schools. In these schools, students can receive a profile-differentiated secondary education that interests them or supplement one profile educational training with another.
In the entire system of educational influences on the individual, without detracting from the importance of the family, preschool and out-of-school educational institutions, the decisive role belongs to the school. The school, designed to organize a full-fledged social and moral life of children, has unlimited opportunities for pupils to master the riches of culture accumulated by mankind, to master the experience social behavior, preparing for active participation in the life of society. Having qualified personnel, the school coordinates, pedagogically directs systematic work with the family and the public on the upbringing of children.
Modern researchers recognize that all educational institutions of the “school” type differ only in the depth and breadth of study. individual items or areas of specialization.
School- a social institution, a state-general educational system designed to satisfy the educational needs of the individual, society, it lays a solid foundation for general education, training takes place according to state curricula and programs of compulsory (75-80%) and additional subjects, is a compulsory educational institution.
There are schools: with a differentiated approach(an educational institution in which several specialized classes function, their activities do not affect the main part of schoolchildren); with in-depth study of the subject(one of the disciplines is studied in depth or in all); with in-depth study of the cycle subjects classes, or at one of the levels (five cycles are distinguished: humanitarian, aesthetic, natural science, physics and mathematics, military sports); with in-depth study of all subjects(an extreme case of a school with an in-depth cycle of subjects, for example, a school for gifted children); with a profile(the following profiles are distinguished: social science, mechanical-technological, biological-ecological, aesthetic, military-sports, which correspond to the types of human interaction with the outside world). The profile orientation is determined by the orientation towards a group of related professions, which serves as the basis for change educational process.
Along with the traditional, well-known types of educational institutions, the period of educational reforms in Russia (the end of the 80s - to the present) is characterized by the reconstruction of both the domestic and the world pedagogical experience, which was reflected in the creation of the following educational institutions (gymnasiums and lyceums).
Gymnasium- a type of general educational institution focused on the formation of a well-educated, intelligent personality, ready for creative and research activities in various fields fundamental sciences. Functions as part of V-XI classes. Education at the gymnasium is given on a broad humanitarian base with obligatory study several (at least two) foreign languages and continuing education at universities. The gymnasium provides students with the opportunity to:
Obtaining universal educational training on a humanitarian basis;
Education that promotes a diversified personal and individual development;
Formation of skills of creative intellectual work, assimilation of modern methods of scientific thinking;
Satisfying the need for self-education and obtaining additional education;
Ensuring learning opportunities best achievements national and world culture.
Lyceum- average educational institution, which opens only on the basis of a specialized higher educational institution, forming with it educational complex. Education in it is focused on students of senior (starting from VIII) grades, is associated with specialized training and early profiling, and also contributes to the development of skills for independent and research activities.
The lyceum provides the most capable and prepared students with optimal opportunities:
Obtaining general secondary education in unity with early profiling;
In-depth training in subjects of various cycles;
Development of creative potential, skills of search activity;
Free choice of future specialization.
The lyceum performs the functions of training specialists of secondary qualification in the profile of the lyceum and providing social protection for students in their employment and admission to higher education.
Professional Lyceum- the center of continuing professional education (technical, construction, pedagogical, agricultural, etc.) implements integrated educational programs for primary and secondary vocational education, ensuring the acquisition of a specific profession by students advanced level qualifications with the possibility of obtaining secondary vocational education. This type institution is a pivotal center for the development of primary education, on the basis of which scientific research can be carried out to improve the content of the educational process, educational and program documentation, which ensure the training of competitive personnel in the conditions of market relations.
Professional institute(construction, sewing, agriculture, electrical engineering, etc.) implements integrated educational programs of primary vocational education that ensure that students acquire a specific profession of the appropriate skill level with or without secondary (complete) general education. The vocational school is main type institutions of primary vocational education, in which the most massive training of qualified workers and employees is carried out.
College is an innovative educational institution that provides appropriate modern requirements the level of personnel training, which has ample opportunities for becoming continuing education, creating the necessary conditions for the application of advanced pedagogical technologies and solving the problem of humanization and humanitarization of education.
Institute– an independent higher education institution or a part ( structural subdivision) university, academy, which implements professional educational programs in a number of areas of science, technology, culture and carries out scientific research. The institute, unlike other types of higher educational institutions, may not be the leading scientific and methodical center in the area of its activity.
academy- a higher educational institution whose activities are aimed at the development of education, science and culture by conducting scientific research and training at all levels of higher, postgraduate and additional education, mainly in one of the areas of science, technology and culture. The Academy is a leading scientific and methodological center in the field of its activities, on a large scale carrying out the training of highly qualified specialists and the retraining of leading specialists in a particular industry (area).
university- a higher educational institution whose activities are aimed at the development of education, science and culture through fundamental scientific research and training at all levels of higher, postgraduate and additional education in a wide range of natural sciences, humanitarian and other areas of science, technology and culture. The University is a leading center for the development of education, science and culture, contributing to the dissemination of scientific knowledge and carrying out cultural and educational activities among the population. The university, unlike the academy and the institute, provides students with specialization in a fairly wide range of sciences and areas of training.
Along with innovative types of educational institutions, there is currently a tendency to use various ways (forms) of education taking into account the needs and capabilities of the individual, among which the following stand out:
1. In an educational institution:
§ full-time (daytime) ;
§ part-time (evening) - a form of organization of the educational process for persons combining study with professional activity, component systems of continuous education. Provides for the teacher to conduct regular classes with study groups permanent composition at a convenient time for students, often in the evening (hence the term).
§ distance learning - a form of education on the job, which has received the widest distribution in the system of higher and special education. Students attend short course installation generalizing lectures throughout the course, "briefly plunging" into the educational process (sessions). They pass tests and exams, and also receive advice from teachers of an educational institution, perform reporting tasks in writing(for example, tests) and independent work according to the proposed curriculum.
§ externship - a form of education that is individual home education according to national curricula and programs under the guidance of a teacher (tutor) or independently (for disabled people and children with developmental problems, gifted children, students from the "hot spots" of the country, etc.). Control is carried out by passing exams and other forms of reporting examination state commission at educational institutions of various levels;
§ Distance learning (from English. distance - distance) - a purposeful and methodically organized management of educational and cognitive activities and the development of persons who are at a distance from the educational institution and therefore do not enter into constant contact with its teaching staff. It is practiced in two forms, usually combined in various combinations: 1) through correspondence, during which the teacher corrects and controls the foundation of the educational program; 2) through mass media using various training programs and technical educational tools (computer, video and audio tools) in the form of lectures, instructions, individual telephone consultations.
2. Outside the educational institution (for example, in the form of self-education).
self-education- a system of internal self-organization for the assimilation of the experience of generations, aimed at one's own development, an active purposeful cognitive activity of a person to expand and deepen his knowledge, improve existing and acquire new skills and abilities in the area of interest to him. As a rule, self-education is carried out outside specialized educational systems. Signs of self-education: voluntariness; independence educational activities a positive attitude towards her; individuality of the process of cognition. There are professional, scientific, political and other types of self-education.
In the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" there is no division of educational institutions into types. According to the law, all educational organizations are divided into types depending on the educational programs that they use in their activities. The table below shows the correspondence between the types of educational institutions and possible types of organizational form.
Variability of educational programs
The variability of education is one of the main principles and vectors of development of the modern education system in Russian Federation. The result of the variability of the educational system is the ability to provide students with a sufficient number of full-fledged, high-quality, unique and interesting options. educational areas and programs, as well as the ability to choose the directions of the educational process that meets the needs of students.
In terms of internal content, educational programs may differ from the standard in terms of the breadth and depth of knowledge embedded in them. At the same time, all of them are required to comply with a level not lower than a certain Federal State Educational Standard. The quality and level of educational programs can only be assessed in the process of implementation. The ideas of education variability are implemented subject to certain conditions:
- Creation a large number quality educational programs and educational institutions implementing them;
- freedom and flexibility curricula and textbooks for them;
- the possibility of choosing modern software and methodological support and educational technologies;
- formation individual programs and schedules that take into account the characteristics and abilities of students.
To implement the principle of variability in education, the coordinated work of the entire teaching staff of an educational institution is necessary. Only constant monitoring and analysis of the applied program will allow us to evaluate its qualitative characteristics and the effectiveness of its implementation.
KAZAN FEDERAL (VOLGA) UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION
On the topic: "Regulatory support of education"
Performed: 1st year student
gr. 17-2301 Kashapova Diana dloo
Checked: Ph.D. Associate Professor of the Department
management in education
Nazmutdinov Valery Yakfarovich
Kazan-2012
Topic: "Regulatory support of education"
Plan:
Introduction………………………………………………………........................... 3-4
Chapter 1. General characteristics educational institutions……………… 4
1.1. Types and types of educational institutions……………………………..4-8
Chapter 2
2.1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation……………………………………8-10
2.2. Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”……………………..10-19
2.3. Civil Code of the Russian Federation………...……...………...19-22
Conclusion……………………………………………………………..….…22-23
Bibliography
Introduction
Relevance of the topic: society will never exist without education. Since ancient times, people have been working on how best to pass the acquired experience from one generation to another. This is how education came about. Any civilized society, along with the functions of production, must create an educational system for its progressive development. The education system in the Russian Federation is a set of interacting: successive educational programs and state educational standards of various levels and directions; networks of educational institutions implementing them, regardless of their organizational and legal forms, types and types; education management systems and their subordinate institutions and organizations.
Any education system is a complex of educational institutions. The main type of educational institution is educational institutions that provide the content of education and training and implement one or more educational programs.
Educational institutions of the Russian Federation are different types, from kindergartens to higher educational institutions, but all of them use in their work special regulatory and legal documents developed by the state to regulate the very process of upbringing and education.
Goal of the work - study the general characteristics of educational institutions and characterize all the legal documents used in the education system.
As part of achieving this goal, I set and solved the following tasks:
1. Explore theoretical aspects and reveal the nature of "Regulatory support of education";
2. To say about the relevance of the problem "Regulatory support of education" in modern conditions;
3. Outline the possibilities of solving the subject “Regulatory and legal support of education”;
4. identify trends in the development of the subject "Regulatory and legal support of education";
Russian scientists worked on this problem, they developed the fundamental categories general theory state and law: S.S. Alekseeva, V.K. Babaeva, V.I. Kudryavtseva, V.V. Lazarev, A.V. Malko, M.N. Marchenko, N. I. Matuzova, V. M. Syrykh, Yu. A. Tikhomirova.
Chapter 1. General characteristics of educational institutions
Types and types of educational institutions
In Russia to educational institutions include the following types of institutions:
preschool;
General education (primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education);
Special (correctional) for children with developmental disabilities;
Institutions of additional education;
Institutions for orphans and children left without parental care;
Other institutions carrying out the educational process;
Vocational education (primary, secondary and higher vocational education).
Preschool educational institutions(kindergarten, kindergarten, progymnasium, children's development center, etc.) are created to help the family to raise children from one to six years old, protect and strengthen their physical and mental health, develop individual abilities and necessary correction of developmental deficiencies. One of the goals of a preschool educational institution is to prepare children for schooling.
General educational institutions are represented mainly by state general education schools, as well as elite institutions - gymnasiums and lyceums.
The secondary school has three levels:
Stage I - elementary school (3-4 years);
II level - basic school (5 years);
Stage III - secondary school (2 - 3 years).
The stages of the school correspond to the three main stages of a child's development: childhood, adolescence, youth.
tasks primary education is the education and development of students, teaching them to read, write, count, basic skills of educational activities, elements of creative thinking, the simplest skills of self-control, a culture of behavior and speech, as well as the basics of personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle. Basic general education should create conditions for the upbringing, formation and formation of the personality of the student, for the development of his inclinations, interests and abilities for social self-determination. It is the basis for obtaining secondary (complete) general education, as well as for primary and secondary vocational education. Main school is mandatory. Graduates of the basic school continue their education in the secondary school. They also have the right to continue their education in vocational educational institutions of various types and profiles with different terms of study, in evening and correspondence secondary general education schools. The secondary school ensures the completion of the general education of students on the basis of a broad and deep differentiation of education, creates conditions for the most complete consideration of the interests of students, their active inclusion in the life of society.
Evening and correspondence schools for working youth are opened mainly on the basis of third-level schools. In these schools, students can receive a profile-differentiated secondary education that interests them or supplement one profile educational training with another.
For students with developmental disabilities special educational institutions (classes, groups) of a correctional nature providing their treatment, education and training, social adaptation and integration into society. For adolescents with socially dangerous deviant behavior who have reached the age of eleven, who need special conditions for upbringing and education and require a special pedagogical approach, special institutions are created to provide them with medical and social rehabilitation, education and professional training. The direction of students to these educational institutions is carried out only by a court decision.
Professional educational institutions are created for the implementation of professional educational programs of primary, secondary and higher professional education.
Initial vocational education provides training for skilled workers (workers and employees) in all main areas of socially useful activity on the basis of basic or complete general education.
Secondary vocational education aimed at training mid-level specialists, meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education. The basis for obtaining it can be basic or complete general and primary vocational education. Secondary vocational education can be carried out in two educational levels- basic and advanced. The term of study on the basis of basic general education is at least three years.
Higher professional education aims to train and retrain specialists of the appropriate level, meet the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of secondary (complete) general, secondary vocational education. It can be obtained at educational institutions of higher professional education (higher educational institutions) - universities, academies, institutes, colleges. The main educational programs of higher education can be implemented continuously and in stages. The following levels of higher education have been established: incomplete higher education; undergraduate; Preparation graduates; magistracy.
Postgraduate professional education provides citizens with the opportunity to improve the level of education, scientific and pedagogical qualifications on the basis of higher professional education. To obtain it, institutes, graduate schools, doctoral studies, residencies, adjunctures have been created at educational institutions of higher professional education and scientific institutions. Postgraduate professional education can also be divided into two stages: preparation and defense of dissertations for competition degree Candidate of Sciences and Doctor of Sciences in the specialty.
Additional educational programs and services are implemented in order to fully meet the educational needs of citizens, society, the state in specially created institutions of additional education - advanced training institutions, courses, vocational guidance centers, music and art schools, art schools, children's art houses, stations for young technicians, stations for young naturalists, etc.
For orphans and children left without parental care due to their illness, death, deprivation of parental rights and other reasons, orphanages have been created. The network of orphanages in Russia includes:
-preschool orphanages(for children 3-7 years old);
-mixed(for preschoolers and children of school age);
-orphanages for school children(from 7 to 18 years old).[ 2, 15-16]
Having considered all types of educational institutions, we can conclude that the state provides for equitable and quality education for all its citizens. There is not a single person who would be deprived of the right to receive a basic secondary education. For citizens who wish to continue their education, there are vocational educational institutions. But, despite the existing peculiarities and diversity of educational institutions, the state provides for uniform legal documents, on which all participants in the process of upbringing and education should rely.
Types and types of educational institutions and organizations.
In accordance with the above definition of the education system, educational programs must be implemented by educational institutions. More precisely - ʼʼ non-profit organizationsʼʼ, since ʼʼ establishmentʼʼ is one of the forms of non-profit organizations, and the law ʼʼOn Educationʼʼ (as amended by the Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122 FZ) states that ʼʼ State and non-state educational organizations can be created in organizational and legal forms provided for by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation for
non-profit organizationsʼʼ.
Τᴀᴋᴎᴍ ᴏϬᴩᴀᴈᴏᴍ, an educational institution is only one of the legal forms in which
non-profit educational organizations. In accordance with
Civil Code and federal lawʼʼAbout non-profit organizationsʼʼ, registration of an educational organization in the form of an educational institution requires the presence of a founder. This organization is expected to be funded later.
founder, as well as the existence of subsidiary liability of the founder for the debts of the organization. (Recall that subsidiary liability is a kind of unlimited liability. Subsidiary liability arises when one person is liable for the debts of another due to the insufficiency of the property of the direct debtor).
Founder of the main part of non-profit educational organizations(institutions) is, as you know, the state.
Types of educational institutions.
Detailed information about the types and types of educational institutions
contained in the classifiers of information as part of the Integrated
automated Information System(IAIS) spheres
education (Appendix to the letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated 09.03.2004
No. 34-51 -53in / 01-11)
Given the dependence on their purpose, the following types of educational institutions are distinguished:
I. Preschool educational institutions.
2. Educational institutions for children of preschool and primary school age.
3. Educational institutions of additional education for children.
4 Me zhshk olnye educational complexes.
5. Educational institutions.
6. General education boarding school.
7. Cadet schools.
8. Evening (shift) educational institutions.
9. Educational institutions for children in need of psychological and pedagogical and medical and social assistance.
1. Special educational institutions for children and adolescents with deviant behavior.
II. Special (correctional) institutions for students, pupils with developmental disabilities.
12. Institutions for orphans and children left behind shea xia without parental care (legal representatives).
13. Health-improving educational institutions of the sanatorium type for children in need of long-term treatment.
14. Suvorov military, Nakhimov naval schools and cadet (naval cadet) corps.
15. Educational institutions of primary vocational education.
16. Educational institutions of secondary vocational
education (Secondary specialized educational institutions).
17. Educational institutions of higher professional
education (higher educational institutions).
18. Military educational institutions of higher professional education (Higher military educational institutions).
19. Educational institutions of additional professional education (advanced training) of specialists.
Types of educational institutions.
Preschool educational institutions.
‣‣‣ kindergarten;
‣‣‣ kindergarten of a general developmental type with the priority implementation of one or more areas of development of pupils (intellectual, artistic and aesthetic, physical, etc.);
‣‣‣ Kindergarten of a compensatory type with the priority implementation of qualified correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils;
‣‣‣ Kindergarten for supervision and rehabilitation with priority implementation of sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures;
‣‣‣ Kindergarten of a combined type (combined kindergarten may include general education, compensatory and recreational groups in various combinations);
‣‣‣ child development center - kindergarten with physical and mental development, correction and rehabilitation of all pupils.
Institutions for children of preschool and primary school age:
‣‣‣ initial school-kindergarten;
‣‣‣ elementary school-kindergarten of a compensating type - with the implementation of a qualified correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils and students;
‣‣‣ progymnasium - with the priority implementation of one or more areas of development of pupils and students (intellectual, artistic and aesthetic, physical, etc.).
Institutions of additional education.
‣‣‣ center (additional education for children, development of creativity;
‣‣‣ children and youth, creative development and humanitarian education, children's and youth, children's creativity, children's (teenage), extracurricular work, children's ecological (health, ecological and biological), children's and youth tourism and excursions (young tourists), children's (youth) technical creativity(scientific and technical, young technicians), children's maritime (youthful), aesthetic education of children (culture, arts or by types of arts), children's health education (profile));
‣‣‣ Palace of creativity for children and young students, pioneers and schoolchildren, young naturalists, sports for children and youth, artistic creativity(education) of children, children's culture (arts);
‣‣‣ home (children's creativity, childhood and youth, student youth, pioneers and schoolchildren, young naturalists, children's (youth) technical creativity (young technicians), children's and youth tourism and excursions (young tourists), artistic creativity (education) of children , children's culture (arts);
‣‣‣ club (young sailors, rivermen, aviators, cosmonauts, paratroopers, paratroopers, radio operators, firefighters, motorists, children's (teenage), children's ecological (ecological and biological), young naturalists, children's and youth tourism and excursions (young tourists), children's -youthful physical training);
‣‣‣ station (young naturalists, children's (youth) technical creativity (scientific and technical, young technicians), children's ecological (ecological and biological), children's and youth tourism and excursions (young tourists));
‣‣‣ school (in various fields of science and technology, in various types arts, children's and youth sports (sports and technical, including the Olympic reserve);)
‣‣‣ children's health and education camp;
‣‣‣ interschool educational complex.
General educational institutions.
‣‣‣ elementary school
‣‣‣ basic comprehensive school
‣‣‣ middle School of General education
‣‣‣ secondary school with in-depth study
individual items
‣‣‣ gymnasium
‣‣‣ Lyceum
‣‣‣ boarding school
‣‣‣ boarding school
‣‣‣ boarding school
‣‣‣ boarding school with initial flight training
‣‣‣ cadet school
‣‣‣ cadet boarding school
‣‣‣ evening (shift) general education school
‣‣‣ open (shift) general education school
‣‣‣ education Center
‣‣‣ evening (shift) general education school at corrective labor institutions (ITU) and educational labor colonies.
Educational institutions for children in need of psychological and pedagogical and medical and social assistance.
‣‣‣ center for diagnostics and counseling
‣‣‣ center for psychological, medical and social support
‣‣‣ Center for Psychological and Pedagogical Rehabilitation and Correction
‣‣‣ center for social and labor adaptation and career guidance
‣‣‣ center for curative pedagogy and differentiated learning
Special educational institutions for children and teenagers
with deviant behavior.
‣‣‣ special comprehensive school
‣‣‣ special vocational school
‣‣‣ special (correctional) general education school for children and adolescents with developmental disabilities (mental retardation and mild forms of mental retardation) who have committed dangerous acts.
‣‣‣ special (correctional) vocational school for children and adolescents with developmental disabilities (mental retardation and mild forms of mental retardation) who have committed dangerous acts
‣‣‣ special (correctional) elementary school-kindergarten
‣‣‣ special (correctional) general education school
‣‣‣ special (correctional) boarding school
Institutions for orphans left without parental care.
‣‣‣ orphanage (for early childhood (from 1.5 to 3 years old), preschool, school age, mixed)
‣‣‣ orphanage-school for orphans and children left without parental care
‣‣‣ boarding school for orphans and children left without parental careey
‣‣‣ special (correctional) orphanage for orphans and children left without parental care, with developmental disabilities
‣‣‣ special (correctional) boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care with developmental disabilities.
Health educational institutions.
‣‣‣ sanatorium boarding schools
‣‣‣ sanatorium-forest schools
‣‣‣ sanatorium orphanages for orphans and children left without parental care.
Suvorov, Nakhimov, cadet institutions.
‣‣‣ Suvorov military school
‣‣‣ Nakhimov naval school
‣‣‣ cadet (marine cadet) corps
‣‣‣ military music school
‣‣‣ musical cadet corps.
Institutions of primary vocational education.
‣‣‣ Professional institute
‣‣‣ professional lyceum - a center of continuing professional education
‣‣‣ training and production center
‣‣‣ technical school (mining and mechanical, nautical, forestry, etc.)
‣‣‣ evening (shift) educational institution
Institutions of secondary vocational education.
1. technical school (school)
2.college
Institutions of higher professional education.
‣‣‣ institute
‣‣‣ academy
‣‣‣ university
‣‣‣ military Academy
‣‣‣ military university
‣‣‣ military institute.
Institutions of additional professional education.
‣‣‣ academy
‣‣‣ advanced training institutes and professional retraining(improvements) - sectoral, intersectoral, regional
‣‣‣ advanced training courses (schools, centers)
‣‣‣ employment service training centers
Types and types of educational institutions and organizations. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Types and types of educational institutions and organizations." 2017, 2018.
