2.7 .Professional applied physical training students

2.7.1. PPFP in the system of physical education of students

In the conditions of scientific and technological progress, the problem of the correlation between the means of physical culture and educational activity of students acquires an important economic significance, which consists in the use of physical education to prepare for specific professional work and increase its productivity. In this regard, professional-applied physical training is of particular importance in the system of physical education of students.

Professionally applied physical training- this is a specially directed and selective use of physical culture to prepare for a certain professional activity. The goal of PPFP is psychophysical readiness for successful professional activity.

The specific tasks of the PPFP students are determined by the characteristics of their future professional activities and are to:

To form the necessary applied knowledge;

To master applied skills and abilities;

Cultivate applied physical qualities.

Applied knowledge is directly related to future professional activities, which students receive at lectures on the course "Physical Education". Knowledge about the patterns of achieving and maintaining high professional performance in labor activity is of great practical importance.

Applied skills and abilities provide quick mastery of the necessary labor operations, safety at home and when performing certain types of work.

Applied physical qualities- this is a list of necessary for each professional group physical qualities which can be formed during various sports.

It is possible to form special qualities in the process of PPFP not only with the help of specially selected exercises, but also with regular classes in appropriate (applied) sports in each case. It should be borne in mind the features of the so-called non-specific adaptation of a person. It has been established that a well-trained and physically developed person acclimatizes faster in a new area, more easily tolerates the effects of low and high temperatures, is more resistant to various infections, penetrating radiation, etc.

When solving specific problems of professional-applied physical training of future specialists, one should pay attention to the fact that such training is carried out in close connection with general physical training, which is the basis of the practical section academic discipline"Physical culture" in the university. At the same time, only general physical training cannot fully solve the problems of special training for a particular profession.

Professional-applied physical training should be based on good general physical fitness of students. The ratio of general and vocational training may vary depending on the profession. For representatives of the humanitarian professions, good general physical fitness is quite enough for psychophysical readiness for future profession. In other cases (legal, technical specialties etc.) general physical training cannot provide the necessary level of readiness for professional work. Here, special and voluminous professionally applied physical training is required in all respects, which often needs independent additional course PPFP in excess of the allotted hours for the discipline "Physical Education".

During the educational process, the level of preparedness of students in the section of professional and applied physical training is controlled by special standards, which is specifically stipulated in curriculum. Usually these standards differ for students of different faculties and differ depending on the semester and course of study. The level of preparedness in PPPP is assessed separately and is included in the comprehensive assessment for the academic discipline "Physical Culture" along with marks for theoretical knowledge, general physical fitness, methodological and motor skills.

The organization of the PPFP of students in universities involves the use of specialized training during academic and extracurricular time. For this purpose, specialized training groups for PPFP can be organized in the main educational department, and training groups for applied sports can be organized in the sports department. Students studying in a special department master those elements of PPFP that are available to them for health reasons.

PPFP of students in the classroom is carried out in the form of theoretical and practical classes.

PPFP during extracurricular time is necessary for students who have insufficient general and special psychophysical preparedness.

Forms of PPFP during extracurricular time are as follows:

Sectional classes at the university in applied sports outside the university;

Amateur classes in applied sports outside the university;

Self-study;

Competitions in applied sports.

One of the forms of PPFP is mass physical culture and health-improving and sports events.

2.7.2. Factors determining the PPFP of students

The motor activity of a person, his labor activity is determined by such components as muscle strength, endurance, speed, coordination of movements, the ability to concentrate and sustained attention, the reaction of choice and other psychophysical qualities. It is generally recognized that all these components, as well as professional personality traits, are trainable under certain conditions and limits. The psychophysiological concept of "labor activity" in terms of psychophysical components is similar to the concept of "sport". The fundamental requirements and conditions for their improvement are also similar.

So, specific content PPFP is based on the psychophysiological identity of the process and physical culture and sports. Thanks to this identity in physical culture and sports, it is possible to model individual elements labor processes.

The main factors determining the specific content of PPFP:

Forms (types) of labor of specialists of this profile;

Conditions and nature of work;

Mode of work and rest;

Features of the dynamics of the efficiency of specialists in the process of work and the specifics of their professional fatigue and morbidity.

Forms (types) of labor. The main forms of labor are physical and mental. The division of labor into "physical" and "mental" is conditional. However, such a division is necessary, because with its help it is easier to study the dynamics of the working capacity of specialists during the working day, as well as to select the means of physical culture and sports in order to prepare for the upcoming work in the profession.

Working conditions (length of working time, comfort of the production sphere) influence the selection of means of physical culture and sports to achieve high performance and labor activity of a person, and therefore determine the specific content of the PPFP of specialists in a particular profession.

The nature of labor also determines PPFP, because in order to choose and apply the means of physical culture and sports correctly, it is important to know with what physical and emotional load the specialist works, how large is the zone of his movement, etc. It should be borne in mind that the nature of the work of specialists of the same profile may be different even when working in the same conditions, if they perform different types of professional work and service functions. In such cases, specialists have completely different psychophysical loads, therefore, different applied knowledge, skills and abilities, multidirectional recommendations on the use of physical culture and sports means in the work and rest regime are needed.

Mode of work and rest influences the choice of means of physical culture in order to maintain and increase the necessary level of vital activity and working capacity. A rational mode of work and rest at any enterprise is considered to be such a mode that optimally combines labor efficiency, individual productivity, working capacity and health of workers.

When developing the relevant sections of the PPFP, it is necessary to know and take into account organizational structure and features of the production process, as well as to conduct a joint analysis of working and non-working time, since there is an objective relationship between the main work and human activities in free time.

Health Dynamics specialists in the process of work - an integral factor that determines the specific content of students' PPFP. In order to model individual elements of the labor process by selecting physical exercises, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the dynamics of the working capacity of specialists when performing various kinds professional works. To do this, you need to build a “curve” of performance based on fixed indicators: after certain periods of time, certain indicators of the performer are measured: the amount of output, the time spent on the operation, etc., as well as psychophysiological indicators of pulse, blood pressure, muscle strength , tremors, respiratory rates, indicators of attention, speed, visual-auditory and mental reactions, etc. The "curve" of working capacity is determined both for one work shift and for working week(month), and for a yearly period of work. It can serve as a starting point in the development of recommendations for the directed use of physical culture means both in the process of PPPT and in the mode of work and rest.

2.7.3. PPFP student funds

The selection of PPFP means is carried out taking into account the peculiarities of the educational process at each faculty and the specifics of the future professional activity of students.

Students' PPFP funds are classified as follows:

Applied physical exercises and individual elements of various sports;

applied sports;

Healing forces of nature and hygienic factors;

Auxiliary tools that ensure the quality of the educational process in the section PPFP.

The main means of PPFP students is physical exercise. When selecting them, it should be taken into account that their psychophysiological effect corresponds to the physical qualities being formed.

tense mental activity students in the learning process, combined with insufficient motor activity, leads to a decrease in general and mental performance and health.

The level of mental performance, of course, depends on the state of health and general performance, and the ability of a person to perform mental or physical work for a long time is determined by endurance, which is determined primarily by the functions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. An important factor determining the improvement of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of a young student's body is the optimal combination of mental stress and various means of physical culture.

Of the numerous physical exercises, cyclic exercises such as running, walking, hiking, and swimming should be considered the most appropriate and affordable for use. Mobile and sports games are effective, which are characterized by many cyclic and acyclic movements and high emotionality.

A skillful combination of cyclic exercises with sports games gives positive changes not only in the development of endurance, but also in other physical qualities (speed, agility, strength, flexibility).

With an accentuated education of physical qualities in the content training sessions usually increases in size special exercises developing one or more qualities, and the corresponding educational standards are established. Such a selection of exercises and elements from individual sports is carried out empirically according to the principle of matching their characteristics with professional qualities and motor skills. To do this, first, a so-called professiogram is compiled, and then, on its basis, a sportogram (a set of exercises and a set of sports corresponding to a particular profession).

Elements of competitiveness, associated with increased physical and mental stress, make it possible to widely use sports in the process of professionally applied physical training of students. However, practicing applied sports is not the only way to solve the whole range of PPFP issues for students due to insufficient selectivity and incomplete coverage of the tasks of this preparation of a future specialist for any particular profession.

The healing forces of nature and hygienic factors are mandatory means of PPFP students, especially for the education of special applied qualities that provide productive work in various geographic and climatic conditions. With the help of specially organized classes, it is possible to achieve an increased resistance of the body to cold, heat, solar radiation, and sharp fluctuations in air temperature. The content of such classes is associated with teaching methods of hardening the body and performing hygiene measures, as well as measures to accelerate the recovery processes in the body (special water procedures, various baths, etc.).

Auxiliary means of PPFP, which ensure its effectiveness, are various simulators, special technical devices and devices with which you can simulate certain conditions and the nature of future professional work.

It is necessary to distinguish between simulators used in the classroom for the discipline "Physical Education" and professional simulators. The principal purpose of the former is that with their help the functional foundations are laid, the range of motor skills is expanded, contributing to the rapid mastery of professional actions, skills and abilities. In professional simulators, it is precisely professional actions and skills that are processed in light or complicated conditions, and this is no longer the task of the department of physical education, but of the graduating departments of the university.

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Professional and applied readiness of students of the Faculty of Law

1. Definition of the concept of professionally applied physical training (PPPP), its purpose and objectives. The place of PPFP in the system of physical education of students

1.1 The concept of professionally applied physical training (PPFP)

In the existing specialized literature there are various formulations that define the concept of "professional-applied physical training".

Professional-applied physical training (PPFP) is a specialized view physical education, carried out in accordance with the requirements and characteristics of this profession. The term “applicability” emphasizes the purely utilitarian profiling of a part of physical culture in relation to the main activity in the life of an individual and society - to professional work.

Ilyinich V.I. notes that professionally applied physical training is a specially directed and selective use of physical culture and sports means to prepare a person for a certain professional activity.

Modern work requires a significant strain of mental, mental and physical strength, increased coordination of the movements of workers in any field of work. But each profession dictates its own level of development of psychophysical qualities, its own list of professionally applied skills and abilities. Therefore, if you are preparing for the profession of a prospecting geologist, then you need professionally applied physical training of one content, and a future lawyer - another. These differences are reflected in the goals and objectives of the PPFP as an independent section of the discipline "Physical Education".

Kholodov Zh.K., Kuznetsov V.S. PPPP is defined as follows: professional-applied physical training (PPPP) is one of the main directions of the physical education system, designed to form physical and special qualities, abilities and skills that contribute to the achievement of a person's objective readiness for successful professional activity and increase his efficiency.

PPFP is carried out on the basis of versatile physical training, achieved in physical education classes, in training in sports sections. The professionally important qualities of a person in the process of labor activity are improved to a certain extent by themselves. However, the effectiveness of this process is significantly increased if the necessary qualities are developed purposefully, using for this purpose the means and methods of physical training during the period vocational training.

Thus, physical exercises are an important means of increasing the efficiency of the production process by improving, through specially directed physical training, the most valuable qualities of a person for this profession.

Rice. 1.1. General PPFP model

At present, when organizing the educational process, each university faces the task of training specialists at a high scientific and technical level using modern methods of organizing the educational process. The full use of professional knowledge and skills is possible only with good health, high efficiency of young professionals. They can be acquired by them during regular and specially organized physical culture and sports.

The implementation of PPPP in the system of physical education of students is associated with a number of difficulties, the main of which is significant differences in the conditions and nature of the work of representatives of different specialties and specializations in production.

Based on modern positions, PPFP is understood as a system of organizational and pedagogical measures aimed at the formation and improvement of professionally important qualities, skills, abilities, and knowledge of an individual that are essential for her successful work in her chosen specialty.

The PPFP of a specialist is an organic component (subsystem) of the general system of his formation as a professional at all stages of this process. This determines the close connection of PPPP with all disciplines that provide the educational process, and, above all, with physical education, on the basis of which it is designed to be implemented.

For PPPP as a subsystem of the formation of a professional, a certain structure of PPPP is characteristic. She has a professional focus. It is provided by the goal, tasks, principles arising from the requirements for physical reliability and readiness for highly productive work in the specialty.

1.2 Goals and objectives of professionally applied physical training (PPPP).The main types of PPFP students

So, the goal of PPFP is psychophysical readiness for successful professional activity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to create psychophysical prerequisites and readiness for future specialists:

to the acceleration of vocational training;

To achieve highly productive labor in the chosen profession;

to the prevention of occupational diseases and injuries, ensuring occupational longevity;

to the use of physical culture and sports for active recreation and restoration of general and professional performance during working and free time;

· to perform service and public functions for the introduction of physical culture and sports in a professional team.

Achieving the goal of PPFP is solved by the implementation of the following set of tasks:

formation of the necessary applied knowledge,

development of applied skills and abilities;

education of applied psychophysical qualities;

Education of applied special qualities.

communication of special knowledge for the successful mastering of the practical section of the PPFP by the trainees and the application of the acquired skills, abilities and qualities in labor activity.

PPFP is designed to adapt, to prepare a person not for work in general, but for chosen kind labor activity. Therefore, its tasks can be called specific and their focus is determined by the requirements of a particular profession. The listed pedagogical tasks should be specified taking into account the characteristics of the profession being studied. Not all of the specified tasks of the PPFP will also be provided, because this is determined by the specific specifics of the profession. The fulfillment of tasks should provide the necessary level of professional and applied physical fitness. It is also clear that PPFP can be sufficiently effective only in organic combination with other components of the social education system as a whole, where the tasks of preparing for work activity are not reduced to particular immediate tasks characteristic of individual stages of vocational training.

The primary role in their implementation is played by a full-fledged general physical preparation. On the basis of the prerequisites created by it, a specialized PPFP is built. Its specialization is necessary insofar as it is required by the specificity of professional activity and its conditions, but even in the case of a pronounced specificity, one should not forget about the paramount importance of the principle of all-round assistance to the all-round harmonious development of a person.

Let us dwell in more detail on the semantic content of the listed specific tasks.

Applied knowledge is directly related to future professional activity, it can be obtained in the process of physical education, at lectures on the discipline "Physical Culture", during short methodological conversations and attitudes at methodological and practical and training sessions, by self-study literature. Specific applied knowledge about the necessary psychophysical fitness can also be obtained in educational material and in other disciplines ("Safety", etc.). It should be noted that knowledge about the regularities of increasing sports performance has a single psychophysiological basis with knowledge about achieving and maintaining a high professional performance of a person in the field of work.

Applied skills and abilities ensure safety in everyday life and when performing certain professional types of work, contribute to quick and economical movement in solving production problems (swimming, skiing, rowing, driving motor vehicles, riding a horse, etc.). Naturally, these skills and abilities are better mastered by a person involved in applied sports: tourism, motorcycling, water and various types of equestrian sports, etc.

Applied psychophysical qualities - this is an extensive list of applied physical and mental qualities necessary for each professional group, which can be formed when practicing various sports.

Applied physical qualities - speed, strength, endurance, flexibility and agility are necessary in many types of professional activities, where specialists need either increased general endurance, or speed, or the strength of individual muscle groups, or dexterity to perform quality work. Early accentuated formation of these applied qualities in the process of physical education to the professionally required level is one of the tasks of PPPT.

Applied mental qualities and personality traits necessary for a future specialist can be formed both in training sessions and independently. You can not make a person bold, courageous, collectivist with the help of some conversations. It must be put in conditions when it is required to show these qualities. It is at sports training, with regular independent physical education, that conditions can be created under which such volitional qualities as perseverance, determination, courage, endurance, self-control, self-discipline are manifested.

Directed selection of exercises, selection of sports, sports games can influence a person with emphasis, contributing to the formation of specific mental qualities and personality traits that determine the success of professional activity.

Many sports and especially game moments can simulate possible life situations in the production team when performing professional types of work. The habit brought up in sports activity to observe the established norms and rules of behavior (a sense of collectivism, endurance, respect for rivals, diligence, self-discipline) are transferred to everyday life, in professional activity. Conscious overcoming of difficulties in the process of regular physical culture and sports, the fight against growing fatigue, feelings of pain and fear bring up the will, self-discipline, self-confidence.

Applied special qualities - this is the body's ability to withstand the specific effects of the external environment: cold and heat, motion sickness in a car, at sea, in the air, insufficient; partial pressure of oxygen in the mountains, etc. Such abilities can be developed by hardening, dosed thermal training, special exercises that affect the vestibular apparatus (somersaults, rotations in various planes), strengthening the abdominal muscles, endurance exercises that cause motor hypoxia and etc.

It is possible to form special qualities in the process of PPFP not only with the help of specially selected exercises, but also with regular classes in appropriate (applied) sports in each case. The features of the so-called non-specific adaptation of a person should also be taken into account: it has been established that a well-developed and well-trained person acclimatizes faster in a new area, more easily tolerates the effects of low and high temperatures, is more resistant to infections, penetrating radiation, etc.

The practical implementation of PPPP in the university is carried out during the entire period of training in physical education and sports classes in the process of special professionally oriented theoretical, methodological, practical training and control measures.

Theoretical training (in the amount of approximately 10 hours) is aimed at forming a system of scientific and pedagogical knowledge necessary for the implementation of PPFP and a positive attitude towards their practical use. Her required subject:

· a modern understanding of the PPFP specialists of the chosen specialty (concept, meaning, structure);

factors that determine the content of PPFP;

· requirements for psychophysiological and psychophysical readiness of representatives of the chosen specialty;

· means and methods of PPFP and their selection;

· theoretical basis formation of the most professionally important qualities and skills for specialists by means of physical education and sports;

· the form of implementation of PPFP in the university and in the process of production activities;

planning, verification and evaluation of the effectiveness of PPFP;

types of PPFP support.

The list of theoretical information is supplemented and specified in each course, taking into account the specifics of a particular chosen specialty and the level of knowledge in the field of profiled physical culture that students have.

Methodological training (its approximate volume at the university is 50 hours) solves the problem of teaching students the skills and abilities that are required for successful PPFP classes at the university and after graduation, in production.

Approximate topics of methodological training on PPFP:

Determining the requirements for physical reliability and readiness for the chosen profession;

selection of PPFP funds;

development individual programs PPFP;

· organizational and methodological foundations for the implementation of PPFP during university education and during production activities;

Formation and verification of the level of formation of the most relevant and lagging behind the requirements of the profession among students of professionally important qualities and skills;

· usage healthy lifestyle lives for the purposes of the PPFP;

Self-monitoring of the effectiveness of PPFP.

Practical training (approximate volume at the university - 300 hours) is used to provide targeted psycho-physiological and psycho-physical preparedness of students for the upcoming professional activities. Its main content is the development and improvement of specific qualities and skills that provide the necessary level of physical reliability and readiness for high-performance work in the chosen specialty.

Control activities (their approximate volume at the university is 14 hours) are used to test and evaluate the effectiveness of PPPP and encourage students to actively engage in it.

All these types of training are interconnected and, in general, provide in practice real physical reliability and readiness of students for their future professional activities.

1.3 The place of PPFP in the system of physical education of students

When solving specific problems of professional-applied physical training of future specialists, one should always remember that such training is carried out in close connection with general physical training, which is the basis of the practical section of the academic discipline "Physical Culture" at the university. However, studies have shown that only the general physical training of future specialists cannot fully solve the problems of special training for a particular profession.

Professional-applied physical training should be based on good general physical fitness of students. The ratio of general physical and vocational training may vary depending on the profession. On fig. 1.2 presents a theoretical scheme options such a difference. For representatives of the humanitarian professions, good general physical fitness is almost enough to have a psychophysical readiness for a future profession (the first option in the diagram). Although in recent studies of labor physiologists it is noted that possible dizziness, the early manifestation of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine in many representatives of mental labor arise from detraining of the vestibular apparatus, from a long motionless tilt of the head forward. All this requires knowledge and skills of independent application of specially selected physical exercises for the prevention or treatment of these adverse events.

Rice. 1.2. Scheme of probable options for the ratios of general physical fitness and PPPP in the process of physical education of students studying in various specialties

In other cases, general physical training cannot provide the necessary level of psychophysical readiness for professional work. It definitely requires special "and voluminous professionally applied physical training in all respects, which often needs an independent additional course of PPPT in excess of the allotted training hours for the discipline "Physical Education". Such professions always gravitate towards the third theoretical option presented in the diagram.

Between the first and third options in various amounts of applied knowledge, skills, physical and special qualities, there are projections of the PPFP of future specialists in many professions.

In the course of the educational process, the level of preparedness of students in the PPFP section is controlled by special standards, which is specifically stipulated in the program of the discipline "Physical Education". Usually these standards differ for students of different faculties and differ depending on the semester and course of study. The level of preparedness in PPFP is assessed separately and is included in the comprehensive assessment for the academic discipline "Physical Culture" along with marks for theoretical knowledge and general physical fitness.

2. Means of professional-applied physical training (PPFP). Methodology for the selection of means of PPFP students. PPFP control system for students

2.1 Features of the composition of PPFP funds

As the main means, quite a variety of forms of physical exercises are used from among those that have developed in basic physical culture and sports, as well as exercises that have been transformed and specially designed in relation to the characteristics of a particular professional activity (as specially-preparatory).

Physical exercises are such motor actions (including their combinations) that are aimed at the implementation of the tasks of physical education, formed and organized according to its laws.

The word physical reflects the nature of the work performed (as opposed to mental), externally manifested in the form of movements of the human body and its parts in space and time.

The word exercise denotes a directed repetition of an action with the aim of influencing the physical and mental properties of a person and improving the way this action is performed.

Thus, physical exercise is considered, on the one hand, as a specific motor action, on the other hand, as a process of multiple repetition.

It would be a mistake to assume that only exercises similar in form to professional labor motor actions can serve as adequate means. To reduce the means of PPFP only to them, as was done in due time in attempts to bring physical culture closer to labor practice by simply imitation of certain labor actions in physical exercises, for example, a gardener, means to distort its very essence. This approach is especially unsuitable for modern conditions when many types of labor activity are characterized by micromovements, local and regional motor actions, which by themselves are by no means sufficient for the optimal development of motor abilities.

At the same time, it is advisable to reproduce the essential moments of coordination of movements that are part of professional activity, but on condition that the corresponding exercises can give an educational, developing or maintaining fitness effect as effective means of implementing at least some of the tasks pursued in PPFP. Mainly due to such modeling of the features of professional activity, the composition of the PPFP funds acquires its own specifics.

A significant part of the exercises used as means of PPFP are general applied exercises. As such, it is legitimate to consider those exercises through which they develop motor skills that are used in normal conditions of professional activity (often when performing auxiliary actions) or in extreme conditions, probable in it. Naturally, directly applied exercises occupy a special place in PPPT when they are built in relation to professional activities, which directly depend on the diversity and fine-tuning of motor skills (as, for example, in the work of gardeners performing non-mechanized operations).

In the complex of exercises and the methodology of professional applied gymnastics, a kind of analytical approach is often expressed, in which the necessary forms of movements are consistently constructed and a selectively directed influence on certain parts of the musculoskeletal system is carried out. In particular, gymnastic exercises are aimed at this, preventing and correcting violations of posture, due to the peculiarities of the working posture of a person planting seedlings in open ground.

In full, the set of adequate means of PPFP is not limited, of course, only to physical exercises. In combination with them, to implement the tasks pursued in it, natural environmental hardening factors are used, and when necessary, special hygienic and other means of increasing the level of adaptive capabilities of the body and resistance to adverse effects of specific conditions of professional activity.

The healing forces of nature have a significant impact on those who exercise. Changes in meteorological conditions (solar radiation, exposure to air and water temperature, air movement and ionization, etc.) cause certain biochemical changes in the body, which lead to a change in the state of health and human performance.

In the process of physical education, the natural forces of nature are used in two ways:

1) as concomitant factors that create the most favorable conditions in which the process of physical education is carried out. They complement the effect of physical exercises on the body involved. Classes in the forest, on the shore of a reservoir contribute to the activation of biological processes caused by physical exercises, increase the overall performance of the body, slow down the process of fatigue, etc.;

2) as relatively independent means of healing and hardening the body (sun, air baths and water procedures).

When used optimally, they become a form of active relaxation and increase the recovery effect. One of the main requirements for the use of the healing forces of nature is their systematic and complex application in combination with physical exercises.

The hygienic factors that promote health and increase the effect of physical exercises on the human body, stimulating the development of the adaptive properties of the body, include personal and public hygiene (cleanliness of the body, cleanliness of places of work, air, etc.), compliance with the general daily routine, regime physical activity, diet and sleep patterns. Failure to comply with hygiene requirements reduces the positive effect of physical exercise.

It goes without saying that in the process of PPFP, the means of intellectual education, moral education and specialized mental training that correspond to its characteristics should also be used, without which comprehensive professional training is not conceivable.

2.2 Methodology for the selection of PPFP funds for students

The selection of PPFP means is made taking into account the peculiarities of the educational process at each faculty and the specifics of the future professional activity of students. PPFP funds can be grouped into the following groups:

Applied physical exercises and individual elements of various sports;

Applied sports (their holistic application);

health-improving forces of nature and hygienic factors;

· Auxiliary tools that ensure the quality of the educational process in the section PPFP.

When selecting individual applied physical exercises, it is important that their psychophysiological effects correspond to the formed physical and special qualities.

With an accentuated education of physical qualities in the content of training sessions, the volume of special exercises that develop one or more qualities usually increases and appropriate training standards are established. Such according selection of exercises and elements from individual sports are most often produced empirically according to the principle of compliance with their characteristics of professional qualities and skills. Well-known cardiac surgeon and active promoter of motor activity, academician N.M. Amosov believes that the interaction of all vital systems of the body is best manifested through endurance. Endurance Foundation - a well-functioning mechanism of oxygen supply, positively affecting the central nervous system, which more clearly coordinates the work of physiological systems, thereby increasing the overall and professional performance, improving well-being.

In most domestic studies to determine the content of PPFP, the leading role of general endurance in ensuring high professional performance is noted. When selecting individual applied exercises, special attention should be paid to “endurance” exercises.

The skill level of athletes leaves an imprint on the state of their physical development and functional readiness. For example, masters of sports in gymnastics perceive the characteristics of movements much more accurately. than gymnasts III discharge. Masters, even in an untrained state, more accurately assess the duration and amplitude of movements than athletes. III category, being in a state of sports form, football players-rankers have a more developed peripheral vision than representatives of other sports. The indirect applied experience of practicing certain sports is also important. So, a weightlifter will never “pull” the weight up by extending the back, which is often observed in everyday life, since this creates an enormous load on the intervertebral discs.

Proper weight lifting always begins with active leg extension by tensing the large anterior thigh muscles (Fig. 1 .3).

Each sport contributes to the improvement of certain physical and mental qualities. And if these qualities, abilities and skills, mastered in the course of sports improvement, coincide with professional ones, then such sports are considered professional and applied. Elements of competitiveness associated with increased Physi used to play sports in the process of improving the professional-applied physical training of students. However, applied sports are not the only method for solving the whole range of PPFP issues for students due to insufficient selectivity and incomplete coverage of the tasks of this preparation of a future specialist for any specific profession.

The healing powers of nature and hygienic factors are must-haves PPFP students, especially for the education of special applied qualities that ensure productive work in various geographic and climatic conditions. With the help of specially organized classes, it is possible to achieve an increased resistance of the body to cold, heat, solar radiation, and sharp fluctuations in air temperature. This is training in the methods of hardening the body and performing hygiene measures, as well as measures to accelerate the recovery processes in the body (special water procedures, various baths, etc.).

Rice. 1.3. Impact on the intervertebral discs of a load lifted in various ways (using the materials of R. Hedman): 1 - incorrect: 2 - correct

Auxiliary means of PPFP, which ensure its effectiveness, are various simulators, special technical devices that can be used to simulate individual conditions and the nature of future professional work. It is necessary to distinguish between simulators used in the classroom for the discipline "Physical Education" and professional simulators. The principal purpose of the former is that with their help the functional foundations are laid, the range of motor skills is expanded, contributing to the rapid mastery of professional actions, skills and abilities. In professional simulators, it is precisely professional actions and skills that are practiced in light or complicated conditions, and this is no longer the task of the department of physical education, but of the graduating departments of a higher educational institution.

2.3 Control system for students' PPFP

The essence of checking and evaluating the professional-applied physical fitness of university students is to determine the level of their readiness for successful implementation professional functions in the chosen specialty. An objective analysis of the test results allows you to quickly find out how certain means of physical culture and sports affect those involved, and select the most effective of them. Generalization of the results of checking and evaluating the professionally applied physical fitness of students makes it possible to optimize the system of PPFP of students of a university, faculty, group, each student individually.

Verification and evaluation of the effectiveness of PPFP is carried out in the process of current, final (semester, annual) control and certification of students in professional and applied physical fitness.

Current control is carried out systematically during educational theoretical, methodological and practical classes. Its task is to promptly check the achievement by students of what was planned at this stage. pedagogical process the level of theoretical, methodological, psychophysical and practical professional and applied preparedness in order to make certain adjustments to the PPFP technology, if necessary.

The final control includes certification for all three types of professional and applied training.

The tasks of the final control: identifying the degree of assimilation of the entire program material of the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the PPFP.

Semester and annual monitoring of the effectiveness of students' PPFP is carried out in the form of a section of a differentiated test in physical education.

The results of mastering the theoretical, methodological and practical subsections of PPPP are evaluated in accordance with special requirements and standards developed by the Department of Physical Education for each faculty. Requirements are established taking into account the profile of graduates. The test standards approved by the department for the PPFP section are mandatory for each student and are included in the set of test requirements and standards for the academic discipline "Physical Education". In each semester, it is recommended to take no more than 2-3 mastery tests. Students of the special department, as well as those exempted from practical classes, perform tests and requirements from those sections of the PPFP that are available to them for health reasons.

Admission to the mandatory final certification after completing the full course of study in the academic discipline "Physical Education" implies that students must complete mandatory practical tests in general physical, sports and technical and vocational training not lower than "satisfactory".

The final certification is carried out in the form of an oral survey. The general list of questions includes materials from the theoretical and methodological and practical sections of the PPFP.

List of sources

1. Modern universal Russian encyclopedia.

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4. Andrey Osman. What you need to know about lawyers // Economics and Time No. 39 (426) 07.10.2002.

5. Balsevich V.K. Physical culture for everyone and for everyone. - M.: FiS, 2006. - 208 p.

6. Bykhovskaya I.M. Physical culture and physicality. - M.: Prometheus, 2008. - 234 p.

7. Vilensky M.Ya., Ilyinich V.I. Physical culture of mental workers. - M.: Knowledge, 2002 (New in life, science, technology. Series "Physical culture and sport", No. 7). - 236 p.

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11. Polievsky S.A., Startseva I.D. Physical culture and profession. M.: Physical culture and sport, 2010. - 168 p.

12. Polyansky V.P. Theoretical and methodological foundations for the improvement of applied physical culture (its content and forms) in modern society: Abstract. dis. Dr. ped. Sciences. - M., 2006.-e. 62 p.

13. Raevsky R.T., Kanishevsky S.M. Professional-applied physical training of higher students educational institutions: textbook-method. Benefit / R.T. Raevsky, S.M. Kanishevsky; under total ed. prof. R.T. Raevsky. - O.: Science and technology, 2010. - 380 p., ill.

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Bibliographic link

Romashov A.A., Vasiliev O.A. PROFESSIONAL AND APPLIED TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM USING MODERN FORMS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND MASS SPORT // Modern problems of science and education. - 2014. - No. 6.;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=15904 (date of access: 01.02.2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Dissertation abstract on the topic "Improvement of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido"

As a manuscript

MIRONOV Alexey Gennadievich

IMPROVEMENT OF PROFESSIONALLY-APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF LEGAL SPECIALTIES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF APPLICATION

Yoshkar-Ola - 2012

The dissertation was completed at the Department of Theory and Methods of Technology and Vocational Education of the Mari State University

Scientific adviser:

Official opponents:

doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor Komelina Valentina Alexandrovna

Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor Pyanzin Andrey Ivanovich

Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor Shabalina Olga Leonidovna

Lead organization:

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Volga Region State Social and Humanitarian Academy"

The defense will take place in May 2012 at 10.00 am at a meeting of the dissertation council D 212.116.03 at the Mari State University at the address: 424002, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola st. Kremlin, 44.

The dissertation can be found in the library of the Mari State University.

Scientific Secretary

dissertation council, ^ o

Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor S.A. Arefyeva

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

The professional activity of students of legal specialties of universities is extremely risky. In particular, in the Russian Federation in 1995, 470 officers died and 1,750 were injured in the line of duty in law enforcement agencies (N.V. Cheskidov). In recent years, these figures have been constantly increasing, which indicates the worsening of the criminal situation in the country. An analysis of the content of law enforcement activity shows that the degree of formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person determines the success of any operation to suppress illegal actions. The inability to use weapons and self-defense techniques entail the death of law enforcement officers (P.P. Mikheev). Most often, when detaining offenders, young employees die. One of the main reasons for the risk of professional activity of students

of legal specialties is the low level of professional and applied physical training at the university.

The degree of development of the problem. The issues of improving professional-applied physical training, which ensures the survival of specialists in extreme conditions of professional activity, have been the subject of many studies. At present, the problem of improving the professional-applied physical training of students of military universities (V.I. Andreichuk, I.L. Borshchov, I.I. Velikson, M.I. Dyachenko, etc.), intelligence universities (Yal. Malakhov) has been studied , law enforcement universities (A.V. Antonov, V.V. Krugov, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, D.A. Rukavishnikov, A.Yu. Syrnikov, N.V. Cheskidov and others .) and other law schools (S. Crawford, S.Yu. Makhov, J. Wiseman, R. Shillingford, V.A. Shlykov, etc.). The authors of most works note that the current practice of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities does not fully solve the problems of formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person that are essential for their future professional activity (V.A. Komelina, A. N. Kopeikin, V. V. Krugov, V. G. Lupyr, V. V. Nozdrachev, S. I. Utkin, S. N. Fedorova, N. V. Cheskidov, O. L. Shabalina, V. A. Shlykov and others).

The decisive factors in the development of fortitude in the martial art of aikido are concentration and meditation, aimed at performing extremely precise movements and at cultivating a person's ability to instantly respond to any movement of an opponent. Education of self-control, sobriety of thought and composure in aikido is accompanied by physical training.

Meanwhile, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature indicates that the problem of improving the professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido has not been the subject of scientific research until now.

The following contradiction arises: between the socially and personally conditioned need to increase the level of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities, on the one hand, and the insufficient development of the complex of pedagogical conditions of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido, on the other hand. From this contradiction follows the research problem: what are the pedagogical conditions for professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido?

The purpose of the study is to identify, theoretically and experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

In accordance with the purpose and hypothesis in the study,

the following tasks:

To determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities;

To identify, scientifically substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of the pedagogical conditions for professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido: the formation of a positive attitude among students of legal specialties of universities to professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido"; carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein, V.P. Cherginets, N.V. Cheskidov, O.L. Shabalin and others); theory of competency-based approach to professional training (V.I. Andreev, V.N. Vvedensky, O.P. Volkova, L.V. Golikova,

B.N. Grishchenko, R.V. Turin, I.A. Zimnyaya, A.V. Petrov, I.A. Posunko, M. Rosenova, V.V. Serikov, Yu.G. Tatur, A.B. Tutolmin, S.N. Fedorova, A.B. Khutorskoy, A.I. Chuchalin, V.D. Shadrikov, etc.)

Shillingford, V.A. Shlykov and others); works on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions (V.I. Andreichuk, A.F. Anenkov, G.N. Blakhin, A.N. Bleer, I.L. Borshchov, M.A. Bratin, I.I. Velikson , I. S. Grigoriev, P. Darman, I. A. Dvoryak, M. I. Dyachenko, V. M. Milenin, G. Sh. Mikheev, Yu. F. Podlipnyak, D. Wiseman, R. Shillingford, etc.) ; works on the theory and methodology of aikido (G.N. Agafonov, R. Brand, B.V. Voronin, S.N. Gvozdev, A.B. Kachan, S. Mistsugi, T. Nobuyoshi, etc.) and other martial arts (S. M. Ashkinazi, K. Wennan, S. G. Gagonin, G. K. Gagua, E. A. Gatkin, K. Gil, G. John, A. V. Zakharov, A. A. Kadochnikov, D. Kano, A. A. Karasev, X. Kim Sang, M. Lukashev, G. Luisin, M. Nakayama, I. V. Oransky, A. I. Retyunskikh, V. A. Savilov, V. P. Starchenkov, A. E. Taras, A. A. Kharlampiev, E. M. Chumakov, H. H. Choi, J. Cororan, S. Culin, D. F. Draeger, R. Habersetzer, V. A. Haines, H. Nishinama, M. Oyama, C. Shioda, D. T. Suzuki, etc.).

The regulatory framework of the study was: the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" dated 10.07.1992 N 3266-1; Instructions on the organization and content of the work of the departments of physical education of higher educational institutions. The instruction was approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education dated July 26, 1994 No. 777; Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education for 2011-2015" dated February 7, 2011 No. 61; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On the organization of the process of physical education in educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher professional education" dated 01.12.99 No. 1025; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On approval of state educational standards of higher professional education" dated

03/02/2000 No. 686; Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Ded RF OT

05/15/2001 N 510 (as amended on 05/20/2003) "On amendments and additions to the manual on the physical training of employees of the internal affairs bodies", approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated July 29, 1996 No. 412; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On the improvement of the process of physical education in educational institutions of the Russian Federation" dated July 16, 2002 No. 2715/227/166/19; Federal Law "On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation" dated April 29, 1999 No. 80-FZ.

To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of pedagogical, psychological, special, scientific and methodological literature and program and regulatory documents, pedagogical testing,

psychodiagnostics, expert evaluation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.

Experimental base of the study. The organization and conduct of the formative pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of

FSBEI HPE "Mari State University". The experiment was attended by students of the specialty "Jurisprudence" in the amount of 150 people.

At the second stage (2009-2010) the place and role of professional-applied physical training were determined on the basis of the application of aikido in the maintenance of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities; the pedagogical potential of aikido was determined as a means of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities; the pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities were revealed on the basis of the application of aikido; the experimental-experimental base of the study was selected.

At the third stage (2010-2011), a set of diagnostic materials was selected and tested to identify the level of professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido; experimentally substantiated the pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido; the dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido was revealed.

At the fourth stage (2011-2012), the data of the pedagogical experiment were formalized in the form of scientific articles, guidelines, dissertations and abstracts, and the results of the research were introduced into pedagogical practice.

The scientific novelty of the research results is as follows:

The place and role of professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities are determined. Professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido is one of the most important components

professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities. It forms and develops professionally significant personality traits and qualities in students of legal specialties of universities, which are necessary for their future professional activities.

The pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities has been revealed. Aikido contributes to the formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, neutralization and detention of the enemy. The indicated properties and qualities of a personality are necessary for students of legal specialties of universities for their future professional activities.

Pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido have been identified and scientifically substantiated: formation of a positive attitude among students of legal specialties of universities to professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido"; carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

The theoretical significance of the results of the study lies in the fact that it makes a certain contribution to the theory and methodology of vocational education. The results obtained expand and deepen the existing knowledge about the place and role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the maintenance of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities; about the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities; about the pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the fact that the application of the theoretical provisions and conclusions of the study in the educational process of the university allows you to increase the level of professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

Methodological instructions developed by the author "Physical culture in the professional training of law students", the course "Professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido", diagnostic materials to identify the level of professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido , as well as the theoretical provisions and conclusions contained in the dissertation, can be used to improve the professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities, universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, military universities, universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service and other educational institutions that provide professional training of students for law enforcement. Another area of application is the advanced training system for law enforcement officers.

The main provisions for defense:

3. Pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido are: the formation of a positive attitude among students of legal specialties of universities to professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido"; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional

applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

The validity of the main provisions and conclusions of the dissertation research is ensured by a consistent and logically consistent implementation of the conceptual provisions of materialistic dialectics and an activity approach to the study of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person, based on the theory of a competency-based approach to professional training, on the theory and methodology of professionally applied physical training of law students specialties of universities, for work on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions, for work on the theory and methods of teaching aikido and other types of martial arts.

The reliability of the results is ensured by the use of a set of scientific research methods that are adequate to its subject and goals, the results of experimental work with the participation of a sufficient sample of subjects, the correct use of mathematical statistics methods for the quantitative analysis of experimental data.

Testing and implementation of research results. The main provisions and results of the dissertation research were reported and discussed at the meetings of the Department of Physical Education, the Department of Theory and Methods of Technology and Vocational Education of the Mari State University; at the All-Russian remote scientific-practical conference "Physical culture, sports and health" (Yoshkar-Ola, 2004-2006); at the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Problems of Pedagogical Education: History and Modernity" (Yoshkar-Ola, 2011); at the All-Russian practical conference "Innovative approaches to modern technologies in vocational training in universities of physical culture and preparing students to participate in Russian and international competitions" (Kazan, 2011).

The main provisions and conclusions of the study are reflected in ten publications, including scientific divination recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

The structure of the dissertation work. The dissertation work is presented on 222 pages and consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references, applications. The work contains 33 tables. The list of references includes 167 titles, including 11 in foreign languages.

The introduction substantiates the relevance, problem, goal, object, subject, hypothesis, tasks and methods of research, its scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance; the content of the stages of work is disclosed, the main provisions submitted for defense are given; the theoretical and methodological foundations, the regulatory framework and the experimental base of the study, information on the reliability of the study results, approbation and implementation of its results are presented.

The first chapter of the dissertation "Theoretical foundations of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido" considers the concept of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities and determines the place and role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of students of legal specialties universities

Competence is an integral personal characteristic of a person (I.A. Zimnyaya, I.A. Posunko). As an essential specific sign of competence, the features of its relation to the activities carried out by a person are distinguished (Yu.G. Tatur, A.A. Tutolmin). Some scientists pay attention to the fact that competence is the result of education (I.A. Zimnyaya, V.D. Shadrikov). In accordance with the competency-based approach (V.I. Baidenko, I.A. Zimnyaya, Yu.G. Tatur, A.V. Khutorskoy, V.D. Shadrikov), the goal of professional education is the formation of professional competence as a set of versatile professional situations.

The professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities is characterized as an integral characteristic of a person, including the knowledge, skills, abilities, motivational and value attitude to the content and results of future professional activity formed as a result of education, and determining the success of its implementation. Competence is a structural element of professional competence, which determines the success of certain aspects of professional activity. The totality of competence determines the level and dynamics of the development of professional competence.

Professional-applied physical training is understood as a specialized type of physical education, carried out in accordance with the requirements and characteristics of this profession (B.S. Kuznetsov, Zh.K. Kholodov), is mandatory

component of vocational education at the university. In accordance with the requirements and features of future professional activity, professional and applied physical training based on the use of aikido is integral part professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities. The role of professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities is that it forms and develops professionally significant properties and qualities of a person necessary for their future professional activity.

The first chapter also considers the purpose, tasks and content of physical training, the problems of improving the professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

The current practice of physical training of students of legal specialties of universities does not fully ensure the proper level of physical readiness for the performance of service and combat tasks. Most of the students cannot fulfill the standards for physical training, do not fully master the techniques of hand-to-hand combat, in extreme situations, most of them show confusion and helplessness, are inferior in strength and dexterity. To overcome the current situation, it is recommended to aim professionally applied physical training at the development of such abilities as efficiency, logical thinking, attention properties, emotional stability (V.P. Cherginets), volitional qualities (Yu.A. Makhov), and the development of basic physical abilities , teaching the basics of hand-to-hand combat and overcoming obstacles (N.I. Kashin), to develop physical qualities and professional motor skills, to increase stress resistance in critical situations of professional activity (A.V. Druzhinin, D.A. Samsonov), to ensure readiness for action according to the scheme: search - persecution - forceful detention - fire defeat (V.I. Kosyachenko), for the formation of physical and mental readiness for the successful implementation of operational tasks, the skillful use of physical force, combat techniques of struggle and special means in suppressing illegal actions, as well as ensuring their high performance in the course of official activities (D.A. Rukavishnikov), on the formation of a personal security strategy (S.Yu. Makhov), which is considered as a process of managing a set of adequate actions, methods of physical and mental influence, methods of intellectual counteraction to aggressive attacks on a person, carried out in order to create conditions for neutralization

future lawyer of problem situations and development of his readiness to ensure personal safety.

As a means of professionally applied physical training, it is proposed to use a set of special situational game tasks (V.P. Cherginets), a program of situational lessons, including basic tools and methods of military applied sports (N.V. Volkova), training tasks in simulated conditions and situations of detention of offenders (O.A. Kozlyatnikov), combat (A.G. Popov) and professional (D.A. Rukavishnikov, S.Yu. Makhov) activities, under conditions of confounding factors (V.I. Kosyachenko).

The quality of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities is recommended to be determined by emotional-volitional, value-motivational, cognitive, operational-technological, functional and activity criteria. The degree of their formation determines the level of their mental and physical readiness to perform operational tasks (D.A. Rukavishnikov, S.Yu. Makhov).

One of the objectives of the study is to determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

The hieroglyphic spelling of the word "aikido" consists of three hieroglyphs: "Ai" - means love, harmony; "Ki" - internal, spiritual energy; "Before" is the way. “Aiki” means the impact of a strong-minded person on a weak-minded person to completely immobilize the latter (S.A. Gvozdev). Aikido was distributed mainly among a very limited circle of intellectuals and dignitaries and was never the property of the masses.

The uniqueness of aikido lies in its pronounced defensive nature, using all the natural capabilities of the human body to neutralize and detain the enemy (GN Agafonov); in providing combat techniques to neutralize the enemy, using the force of attack and the principle of non-infliction of physical damage (A. Westbrook, O. Ratgi, ML. Karpova); in the absence of competition; the presence of a training system suitable for people of any age, gender and physical abilities (D.F. Draeger).

The structure of aikido classes is built in accordance with the natural order of changes in the working capacity of those involved, the specific patterns of training and education at the university (AB Kachan). The purpose of aikido classes is to develop a person's ability to harmoniously overcome interpersonal conflicts that arise in everyday life. Mastering the technique of aikido motor actions is directly related to the formation of the technique of neutralizing and detaining the enemy, the development of mental stability, the improvement of health and

development of physical qualities: flexibility, speed of reaction, dexterity, endurance, increase in physical strength (R. Brand, A.A. Kadochnikov, S.Kh. Kim, E.M. Chumakov).

Aikido contributes to the formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, neutralization and detention of the enemy. The indicated properties and qualities of a personality are necessary for students of legal specialties of universities for their future professional activities.

Based on the analysis and generalization of the scientific and methodological literature presented in the first chapter, the following pedagogical conditions for professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido can be distinguished: application of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido"; carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

In the second chapter "Experimental verification of the use of aikido in the professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities" in accordance with the purpose and hypothesis of the study, the following particular tasks were sequentially solved in the experimental work: 1) to select and test a set of diagnostic materials to identify the level of professional applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido; 2) experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido; 3) to reveal the dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

The theoretically revealed pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido were experimentally substantiated.

The first pedagogical condition - the formation of a positive attitude towards professionally applied physical training among students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity - is carried out taking into account the following principles: unity and interconnection of professionally applied and general physical training; the associated development of special physical qualities and the formation of motor skills and skills of pursuit, neutralization and detention of the "offender"; unity and interconnection of developed physical and mental qualities; high professional competence of the teacher in the martial art of aikido.

The second pedagogical condition - the development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido" - is carried out by the development of a program that includes the goal, objectives, content, technology, providing an increase in the level of professionally applied physical training students of legal specialties of universities, and the introduction into the educational process in the classroom in the academic discipline "Physical Education".

The third pedagogical condition - carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido - is carried out in the organization and conduct of a formative pedagogical experiment on the basis of FSBEI HPE "Mari State University". The experiment was attended by students of the specialty "Jurisprudence" in the amount of 150 people. Professional-applied physical training of the control and experimental groups was carried out within the framework of the discipline "Physical culture". Training sessions for both groups were held twice a week for two academic hours. Professional-applied physical training of the subjects of the control group was carried out on the basis of traditional approaches to it, the means of which were training exercises from the arsenal of athletics, skiing, and sports games. Professional-applied physical training of the subjects of the experimental group was carried out according to the experimental program developed by us for the course "Professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido" (section 2.2. of this work). Everyone has

of the subjects at the beginning and after the completion of the pedagogical experiment, we measured and evaluated the indicators of personality traits and qualities based on the use of pedagogical testing, psychodiagnostics, and peer review. Pedagogical testing was used to assess the general level of physical condition of the subjects at different stages of training. The level of development of strength qualities was determined using test exercises "Bending-extension of arms", "Raising-lowering the body", "Hanging on the crossbar". The level of development of speed-strength qualities was determined using the test exercise "Long jump from a place". The level of development of flexibility was determined using the test exercise "Forward bending of the torso". The level of endurance development was determined using the test exercise "Running 1000 m". Based on the data obtained, the general level of physical condition of the subjects was determined. Psychodiagnostics was used to identify indicators of the properties and qualities of the personality of the subjects. Indicators of the mental qualities of the subjects were measured using generally accepted psychodiagnostic methods. The level of development of volitional qualities (purposefulness, courage and determination, perseverance and perseverance, endurance and self-control, independence and initiative), neuropsychic stability, anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity, internality and externality were determined. The expert assessment was used by us to assess the quality of the execution by the subjects of the neutralization and detention of the "offender". The quality indicators of the neutralization and detention of the “offender” were measured and evaluated based on the results of counterattacking actions from various variants of the attack of the “offender”. The average sum of points scored by the subjects when performing counterattack actions in 10 situations was taken into account.

A comparative analysis of the studied indicators of the properties and qualities of the personality of the subjects before the experiment did not reveal significant differences between the data of both groups of subjects. The exception is indicators of initiative and independence, which were significantly higher (P=0.022) in the subjects of the control group (37.44 versus 33.68 points in the subjects of the experimental group). In general, we can assume that both samples of subjects were relatively homogeneous at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment in terms of the characteristics and qualities of the personality of the subjects.

Table 1

Growth rates of indicators of properties and personality traits of subjects in the control and experimental groups

Properties and qualities of personality Growth rates of indicators of properties and qualities of personality Р

control group experimental group

Volitional qualities, points

Purposefulness 1.92±6D5 1.12±5.12 0.623

Courage and decisiveness -0.10±4.96 3.80±4.28 0.016

Persistence and perseverance -0.04±6.06 1.00±5.25 0.520

Initiative and independence -0.20±4.86 0.56±4.18 0.556

Endurance and self-control 0.30±4.43 2.70±3.16 0.047

Neuropsychic stability, points

Overall rating | -0.32±1.14 1 0.72±1.17 1 0.003

Self-assessment of mental states, points

Anxiety -0.24±2.67 -1.68±2.64 0.061

Frustration -0.44*3.03 -1.88±2.83 0.108

Aggressiveness -0.52±3.16 -0.48±2.47 0.960

Rigidity -0.84±3.92 -0.80±3.14 0.968

Level of subjective control, points

Internality 0.16±2.21 0.64±4.36 0.626

Exgernality -1.08±3.95 -0.60±3.42 0.648

Physical Qualities

Power quality (flexion - extension of arms, times) 10.76±7.91 12.64±6.76 0.371

Speed-strength quality (standing long jump, cm) 10.88±10.40 14.44±7.90 0.179

Power quality (raising-lowering the body in 30 s, times) 4.44±3.96 8.08±5DZ 0.008

Strength quality (hanging on the crossbar, s) -2.08±8.57 7.96±7.54<0,001

Flexibility (torso forward, cm) 3.84*4.20 732±5.14 0.012

Endurance (running 1000 m, s) -4.52±20.55 -15.68±18.93 0.051

General level of physical condition 0.12±0.12 0.26±0.09<0,001

The growth rates of indicators of the properties and qualities of the personality of the subjects of both groups in the experiment differ significantly (Table 1). The subjects of the experimental group had higher growth rates of indicators: courage and determination: 3.80 versus -0.10 points (P=0.016); endurance and self-control: 2.70 vs. 0.30 points (P=0.047); neuropsychic stability: 0.72 vs. -0.32 points

(P=0.003). In the subjects of the experimental group, the indicators decreased more: anxiety: -1.68 versus -0.24 (P = 0.061); frustration: -1.88 vs. -0.44 points (P=0.108).

Indicators of physical condition of the subjects of the experimental group increased by 0.26 points, which is significantly higher (P<0,001) темпов прироста этого показателя у испытуемых контрольной группы - на 0,12 балла: результаты в тестовом упражнении «Поднимание-опускание туловища» показывают повышение силовых качеств у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 8,08 против 4,44 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р=0,008); результаты в тестовом упражнении «Вис на перекладине» показывают повышение силовых качеств у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 7,96 против -2,08 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р<0,001); результаты в тестовом упражнении «Бег 1000 м» показывают повышение качества выносливости у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 15,68 против 4,52 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р=0,051); результаты в тестовом упражнении «Наклон туловища вперед» показывают повышение качества гибкости у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 7,32 против 3,84 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р=0,012).

table 2

Quality indicators of the implementation of the neutralization and detention of the "offender" by the subjects of the control and

Variants of attacking actions of the "offender" from the position "standing on his feet" Indicators of the quality of the neutralization and detention of the "offender" p

1. Hand grip with the same hand from the side 2, 16±0.86 2, 36±0.72 0.897

2. Hand grip with opposite hand from the side 2.44±0.77 2.28±0.63 0.786

3. Girth with two hands behind 1.64±0.54 1.56±0.48 0.657

4. Hit on the head with the edge of the palm in front 2.12±0.68 2.08±0.51 0.698

5. Hit on the head with a stick from the front 1, 12±046 1.24±0.75 0.942

6. A blow to the stomach with a fist from the front 2.04±0.96 2.00±0.59 0.768

7. Stab in the stomach with a knife from the front 1.32±0.54 1D4±0.65 0.876

8. Threat with a pistol point blank in front 1.12±0.80 1.1 «±0.59 0.987

9. Threat with a pistol point-blank from the side 1.40±0.42 1.32±0.68 0.856

10. Threat with a pistol point-blank from behind 1.12±0.71 1.08±0.4b 0.902

Mean score 1.26±0.75 1D0±0.60 0.769

A comparative analysis of the quality indicators for the neutralization and detention of the "offender" by the subjects of the control and experimental groups on the neutralization and detention of the "offender" before the experiment (Table 2) did not reveal significant differences: the subjects of the control group received an average score of 1.26 points; subjects of the experimental group -

1.20 points (P=0.769). These data indicate that most of the subjects are not able to qualitatively neutralize and detain the "offender".

After the experiment, the quality indicators of the neutralization and detention of the “offender” among the subjects of the control group increased by 0.32 points and reached a value of 1.58 points (Table 3). Differences between baseline and endpoints are not significant (P>0.05).

A more significant increase was observed in the subjects of the experimental group - by 1.64 points. The indicator of the quality of the implementation of the neutralization and detention of the “offender” approached three points (2.84 points). This means that most of the subjects of this group managed to neutralize the "offender" by various counterattacking actions within 20 s, but did not hold him in the prone position within 25 s. Differences between the growth rates of the quality indicators of the neutralization and detention of the “offender” by the subjects of the control and experimental groups are significant (P<0,001).

Table 3

Quality indicators of the execution of the neutralization and detention of the "offender" by the subjects of the control and experimental groups after the experiment, points (X ± 5)

Variants of attacking actions of the "offender" from the position "standing on his feet"

1. Grab the hand with the same hand from the side

2. Grab the hand with the opposite hand from the side

3. Girth with two hands behind

4. Hit on the head with the edge of the palm in front

5. Hitting the head with a stick from the front_

Quality indicators of the implementation of the neutralization and detention of the "offender"

6. Punch in the stomach from the front

7. Stab in the stomach with a knife from the front

8. Threat with a pistol point blank in front

9. Threat with a pistol point-blank from the side

10. Threat with a pistol point-blank from behind

Average score

There are also significant differences in the quality indicators of the execution of the neutralization and detention of the "offender" of the subjects of both groups, observed after the experiment (R<0,001).

So, we conducted a systematic monitoring of the level of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido, as a result of which we revealed the dynamics of professionally applied

physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido during and after the experiment. The results of the monitoring showed a significant increase in the growth rate of indicators of the properties and qualities of the personality of students: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, the quality of the neutralization and detention of the "offender".

The conducted research does not exhaust all aspects of the designated problem. Promising directions for further research of the problem is the study of the problem of improving the professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido through the prism of a competency-based approach and the formation of relevant competencies in future lawyers. Also, a promising direction for studying this problem may be the issue of improving the technologies of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

In conclusion, the results of the study are summarized, confirming her hypothesis and the provisions submitted for defense. The results of the study allow us to formulate the following conclusions:

1. Professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido is one of the most important components of the professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities. It forms and develops professionally significant personality traits and qualities in students of legal specialties of universities, which are necessary for their future professional activities.

2. The pedagogical potential of the martial art of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities is manifested in the fact that aikido contributes to the formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed , endurance, power and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, neutralization and detention of the enemy. The indicated properties and qualities of a personality are necessary for students of legal specialties of universities for their future professional activities.

3. Pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido are revealed:

Formation of a positive attitude towards professionally applied physical education among students of legal specialties of universities

training based on the application of aikido as a personally significant type of activity;

Development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido";

carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

4. It is substantiated that a positive attitude to professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity is formed taking into account the following principles:

Unity and interconnection of professional-applied and general physical training;

Associated development of physical qualities and the formation of motor skills and skills of pursuit, neutralization and detention of the "offender";

Unity and interconnection of the development of the properties and qualities of the individual;

High professional competence of the teacher in the martial art of aikido.

5. An experimental program of the course "Professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido" was developed and introduced into the educational process. The program includes the goal, objectives, content, technology, providing an increase in the level of professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

6. The dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido during and after the experiment was revealed. The results of the monitoring showed a significant increase in the growth rate of indicators of the properties and qualities of the personality of students: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, the quality of the neutralization and detention of the "offender".

7. Realization of pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of higher education institutions on the basis of aikido application has led to an increase in the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of higher educational institutions based on the use of aikido. The put forward hypothesis is confirmed, the research tasks are solved.

Articles in peer-reviewed scientific publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

1. Mironov, A.G. Pedagogical conditions for improving the professional and applied physical training of future lawyers based on the use of aikido / A.G. Mironov // Education and self-development. - 2011. - No. 5 (27). - S. 64-69. (0.4 p.l.)

2. Mironov, A.G. Formation of professional competence of a lawyer in the process of special physical training at a university / A.G. Mironov // Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University. AND I. Yakovlev. - 2011. - No. 1 (69). - Part 2. -S. 120-123. (0.3 p.l.)

3. Mironov, A.G. Characteristics of aikido as a type of Japanese martial art and a means of physical education / A.G. Mironov // Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University. AND I. Yakovlev. - 2011. - No. 3 (71). - Part 1. - C 126-133. (0.5 p.l.)

Publications in other scientific publications

4. Mironov, A.G. Aikido in the system of physical training of students / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sport, health: collection of scientific articles; ed. MM. Polevshchikov. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2004. - S. 4345. (0.2 pp)

5. Mironov, A.G. Studying the basics of aikido technique / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sports, health: Collection of scientific articles / Ed. MM. Polevshchikov. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2005. - S. 67-71. (0.3 p.l.)

6. Mironov, A.G. Physiological characteristics of the mechanism and patterns of development of physical qualities in a person in the martial art of aikido / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sports, health: materials of the All-Russian remote scientific and practical conference; ed. MM. Polevshchikov. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2006. -S. 40-44. (0.3 p.l.)

7. Mironov, A.G. Improving the professional competence of lawyers working in law enforcement agencies as a target reference point for professionally applied physical training in the process of studying at a university / A.G. Mironov / Pedagogical process at the university: Sat. scientific articles; resp. ed. Pavlov I.V. - Cheboksary: Chuvash, state. ped. un-t, 2010.-p. 74-81. (0.5 p.l.)

8. Mironov, A.G. Personal and activity approaches to determining the essence of professional competence / G.L. Drandrov, A.G. Mironov, E.Sh. Zeinutdinova // Personality as a subject of innovation: a collection of scientific papers; scientific ed. M.V. Volkova-Cheboksary: Research Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, 2010. - S. 35-41. (0.4 / 0.1 p.l.)

9. Mironov, A.G. Physical culture in the professional training of law students: methodical instructions / A.G. Mironov. -Yoshkar-Ola: Mar. state un-t, 2011. - 59 p. (3.7 p.l.)

10. Mironov, A.G. Formation of psychophysical readiness of students of law schools for law enforcement activities based on the use of aikido / A.G. Mironov // Innovative approaches and modern technologies in vocational training in higher education institutions of physical culture and preparation of students for participation in Russian and international competitions: materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference. - Kazan: Povolzhskaya GAFKSiT, 2011. - S. 71-74. (0.3 p.l.)

Signed for publication on April 5, 2012. Format 60x84/16. Conv. oven l. 1.4. Circulation 100. Order No. 1482.

Printed from the finished original layout in the FGBOU VPO "Mari State University" 424001, Yoshkar-Ola, pl. Lenina, 1.

Dissertation text author of scientific work: candidate of pedagogical sciences, Mironov, Alexey Gennadievich, Yoshkar-Ola

61 12-13/1373

FGBOU HPE "MARI STATE UNIVERSITY"

As a manuscript

MIRONOV Alexey Gennadievich

IMPROVEMENT OF PROFESSIONALLY-APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF LEGAL SPECIALTIES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF AIKIDO APPLICATION

13.00.08 - theory and methodology of vocational education

DISSERTATION for the degree of candidate of pedagogical sciences

Scientific adviser doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor Komelina V.A.

YOSHKAR-OLA - 2012

INTRODUCTION .................................................. ................................................3

CHAPTER 1

AIKIDO................................................. ......................................15

1.1. Characteristics of professional-applied physical training in the content of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities........................................................................... ....................................15

1.2. The current state of the scientific solution to the problem of improving the professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities................................................................................... ................................................. .....45

1.3. Characteristics of aikido as a type of Japanese martial art and a means of professionally applied physical training of legal students

university specialties .................................................................. .........................62

Conclusions on the first chapter ............................................... .......................80

Chapter 2

2.1. Experimental work program....................................................82

2.2. Experimental work to improve the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.............................................................. .........................88

2.3. Monitoring the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the application

aikido ................................................. .........................................^^

Conclusions on the second chapter.................................................... ...................118

CONCLUSION................................................. ...............................120

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................ .................123

APPLICATION................................................. ...............................139

INTRODUCTION

The urgency of the problem. The strategic goal of modern vocational education is the formation of professional competence as a set of versatile competencies of university graduates, which make it possible to successfully operate in numerous situations of professional activity, effectively implement the acquired knowledge, skills, professionally significant qualities in the creative solution of non-standard professional tasks (V.I. Andreev , O. P. Volkova, I. A. Zimnyaya, V. V. Serikov, A. V. Khutorskoy, V. D. Shadrikov and others). This fully applies to students of legal specialties of universities. Therefore, the content of professional education of students of legal specialties of universities with a competency-based approach should be based on an orientation towards the formation of key competencies in all areas of their professional activity. A significant contribution to the achievement of this goal should be made by professionally applied physical training, which is an obligatory component of vocational education in a higher educational institution and is based on the implementation of one of the most important principles of the pedagogical system - the principle of an organic connection between physical education and work practice.

Traditional approaches to professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities do not sufficiently take into account the specifics of the content of their future professional activities. Naturally, this affects not only the success of their professional activities, but, no less important, limits their ability to survive in extreme conditions.

indicators are constantly increasing, which indicates the worsening of the criminal situation in the country. An analysis of the content of law enforcement activity shows that the degree of formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person determines the success of any operation to suppress illegal actions. The inability to use weapons and self-defense techniques entail the death of law enforcement officers (P.P. Mikheev). Most often, when detaining offenders, young employees die.

One of the main reasons for the risk of professional activity of students of legal specialties is the low level of professional and applied physical training at the university.

At present, the problem of improving the professional-applied physical training of students of military universities (V.I. Andreichuk, I.L. Borshchov, I.I. Velikson, M.I. Dyachenko, etc.), intelligence universities (Ya.Ya. Malakhov), law enforcement universities (A.V. Antonov, V.V. Krugov, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, D.A. Rukavishnikov, A.Yu. Syrnikov, H.V. Cheskidov and others. ) and other law schools (S. Crawford, S.Yu. Makhov, J. Wiseman, R. Shillingford,

V.A. Shlykov and others).

The authors of most works note that the current practice of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities does not fully solve the problems of formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person that are essential for their future professional activity (V.A. Komelina, A. N. Kopeikin, V. V. Krugov, V. G. Lupyr, V. V. Nozdrachev, S. I. Utkin, S. N. Fedorova, N. V. Cheskidov, O. L. Shabalina, V. A. Shlykov and others).

In accordance with the conceptual provisions of the synergetic approach, the solution of the problems of formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a personality can be and is carried out in practice through the use of various means of professionally applied physical training (O.N. Astafieva, G.L. Drandrov).

One of the effective, in our opinion, means of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities is the holistic application of the Japanese martial art of aikido. The use of the martial art of aikido in the professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities in the best way solves the problems of formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person that are essential for their future professional activities. The decisive factors in the development of fortitude in the martial art of aikido are concentration and meditation, aimed at performing extremely precise movements and at cultivating a person's ability to instantly respond to any movement of an opponent. Education of self-control, sobriety of thought and composure in aikido is accompanied

physical training.

Meanwhile, the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature indicates that the problem of improving the professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities on the basis of the use of aikido has not been a subject until now.

scientific research.

The following contradiction arises between the socially and personally conditioned need to increase the level of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities, on the one hand, and the insufficient development of the complex of pedagogical conditions for professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido, on the other hand. From this contradiction

the research problem follows: what are the pedagogical conditions for professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido?

The revealed contradiction, insufficient knowledge and relevance of the problem determined the choice of the research topic: "Improvement of professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido."

The purpose of the study is to identify, theoretically and experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities on the basis of

application of aikido.

The object of the research is the system of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

The subject of the research is the process of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties based on the use of aikido in the conditions of higher professional education.

Research hypothesis. The level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido can be increased if the following pedagogical conditions are implemented:

Formation of a positive attitude towards professional and applied physical training among students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity;

Development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido";

Carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

In accordance with the purpose and hypothesis, the following tasks were solved in the study:

Determine the place and role of professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities;

determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training of law students

university specialties;

to identify, scientifically substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of the pedagogical conditions for professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido: the formation of a positive attitude among students of legal specialties of universities to professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of the experimental program of the course "Professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido"; carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

The methodological basis of the study was the conceptual provisions of materialistic dialectics and the activity approach to the study of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person (V.I. Baidenko, JI.C. Vygotsky, V.M. Zatsiorsky, E.F. Zeer, V.A. Komelina , A. N. Leontiev, S. L. Rubinshtein, V. P. Cherginets, N. V. Cheskidov, O. L. Shabalina, etc.); theory of competency-based approach to professional training (V.I. Andreev, V.N. Vvedensky, O.P. Volkova, L.V. Golikova, V.N. Grishchenko, R.V. Turina, I.A. Zimnyaya, A V. Petrov, I. A. Posunko, M. Rozenova, V. V. Serikov, Yu. G. Tatur, A. V. Tutolmin, S. N. Fedorova, A. V. Khutorskoy, A. I. Chuchalin, V. D. Shadrikov and etc.)

The theoretical basis of the study was the work on the theory and methodology of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities (A.V. Antonov, A.V. Druzhinin, N.I. Kashin, O.A. Kozlyatnikov, A.N. Kopeikin, V.I. Kosyachenko, V.V. Krugov, V. G. Lupyr, L. P. Matveev, S. Yu. Makhov, V. V. Nozdrachev, Yu. F. Podlipnyak, A. G. Popov, D. A. Rukavishnikov, A. Yu. Syrnikov, S.I. Utkin, V.V. Yanshin and others) and law enforcement officers (A.A. Volkov, I.S. Grigoriev, O.A. Maltseva, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, O.A. Nevzorov, S.V. Nepomnyashchy, V. V. Orlov, D. A. Samsonov and others); works summarizing the practical experience of special forces, troops of Russia and other countries in detaining criminals (M.V. Gatalsky, M.I. Dyachenko, A.A. Kadochnikov, S. Crawford, Ya.Ya. Malakhov, M.A. Moskvichev, D. Wiseman, N.V. Cheskidov, R. Shillingford, V.A. Shlykov and others); works on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions (V.I. Andreichuk, A.F. Anenkov, G.N. Blakhin, A.N. Bleer, I.L. Borshchov, M.A. Bragin, I.I. Velikson , I. S. Grigoriev, P. Darman, I. A. Dvoryak, M. I. Dyachenko, V. M. Milenin, P. P. Mikheev, Y. F. Podlipnyak, D. Wiseman, R. Shillingford and others .); works on the theory and methodology of aikido (G.N. Agafonov, R. Brand, B.V. Voronin, S.N. Gvozdev, A.B. Kachan, S. Mistsugi, T. Nobuyoshi, etc.) and other martial arts (S. M. Ashkinazi, K. Wennan, S. G. Gagonin, G. K. Gagua, E. A. Gatkin, K. Gil, G. John, A. V. Zakharov, A. A. Kadochnikov, D. Kano, A. A. Karasev, X. Kim Sang, M. Lukashev, G. Luisin, M. Nakayama, I. V. Oransky, A. I. Retyunskikh, V. A. Savilov, V. P. Starchenkov, A. E. Taras, A. A. Kharlampiev, E.M. Chumakov, H.H. Choi, J. Cororan, S. Culin, D.F. Draeger, R. Habersetzer, B.A. Haines, H. Nishinama, M. Oyama, C. Shioda, D.T. Suzuki, etc.).

development of education for 2011-2015” dated February 7, 2011 No. 61; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On the organization of the process of physical education in educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher professional education" dated 01.12.99 No. 1025; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On approval of state educational standards of higher professional education" dated 02.03.2000 No. 686; Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Grandfather of the Russian Federation OT 05/15/2001 N 510 (as amended on 05/20/2003) "On amendments and additions to the manual on the physical training of employees of the internal affairs bodies", approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated July 29, 1996 No. 412; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On the improvement of the process of physical education in educational institutions of the Russian Federation" dated July 16, 2002 No. 2715/227/166/19; Federal Law "On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation" dated April 29, 1999 No. 80-FZ.

Experimental base of the study. The organization and conduct of the formative pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of the Mari State University. The experiment was attended by students of the specialty "Jurisprudence" in the amount of 150 people.

In the organization of research, taking into account the tasks to be solved, four qualitatively different stages are conditionally distinguished.

At the first stage (2008-2009), based on the analysis and generalization of the literature on the topic of the study, the contradictions of the traditional practice of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities were revealed, the problem and purpose of the study were formulated, its object and subject were determined, a working hypothesis of the study was developed, the tasks of the study and the scientific methods adequate to them were determined.

At the second stage (2009-2010), the place and role of professionally applied physical training were determined based on the use of aikido in the content of students' professional competence.

legal specialties of universities; the pedagogical potential of aikido was determined as a means of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities; the pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities were revealed on the basis of the application of aikido; the experimental-experimental base of the study was selected.

The requirements of the state educational standard of higher professional education for knowledge and skills in the cycle of general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines indicate that in the field of physical culture a student must:

understand the role of physical culture in human development and specialist training;

know the basics of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle;

possess a system of practical skills that ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, the development and improvement of psychophysical abilities and qualities, self-determination in physical culture;

gain experience in the use of physical culture and sports activities to achieve life and professional goals.

In accordance with the requirements of the state educational standard, an exemplary curriculum for higher educational institutions in physical culture has been approved. The theoretical section of this program provides for the development of a system of scientific, practical and special knowledge necessary for understanding the natural and social processes of the functioning of physical culture, the ability to adaptively, creatively use them in personal and professional development, self-improvement, and organizing a healthy lifestyle.

The manual includes 4 topics in accordance with the obligatory topics of lectures provided for by the program.

1. Professional and applied physical training of students

1.1. Definition of the concept of ppfp, its purpose and objectives

In the existing specialized literature, there are various formulations that define the concept of "professional-applied physical training". This section uses a simplified formulation that does not distort the concept itself.

Professional-applied physical training is a specially directed and selective use of the means of physical culture and sports to prepare a person for a certain professional activity.

Modern work requires a significant strain of mental, mental and physical strength, increased coordination of the movements of workers in any field of work. But each profession dictates its own level of development of psychophysical qualities, its own list of professionally applied skills and abilities. Therefore, if you are preparing for the profession of a prospecting geologist, then you need professionally applied physical training of one content, and a future philologist - another. These differences are reflected in the goals and objectives of the PPFP as an independent section of the discipline "Physical Education".

So, the goal of PPFP is psychophysical readiness for successful professional activity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to create psychophysical prerequisites and readiness for future specialists:

accelerating vocational training;

achievement of highly productive labor in the chosen profession;

to the prevention of occupational diseases and injuries, ensuring occupational longevity;

to the use of means of physical culture and sports for active recreation and restoration of general and professional performance during working and free time;

to the performance of service and public functions for the introduction of physical culture and sports in a professional team.

The specific tasks of the PPFP students are determined by the characteristics of their future professional activities and are to:

to form the necessary applied knowledge;

to master applied skills and abilities;

educate applied psychophysical qualities;

cultivate applied special qualities.

Let us dwell in more detail on the semantic content of the listed specific tasks.

Applied knowledge have a direct connection with future professional activities, they can be obtained in the process of physical education, at lectures on the academic discipline "Physical Culture", during brief methodical conversations and attitudes at methodological and practical and training sessions, through independent study of literature. Specific applied knowledge about the necessary psychophysical training can also be obtained in the educational material in other disciplines (“Safety”, etc.). It should be noted that knowledge about the regularities of increasing sports performance has a single psychophysiological basis with knowledge about achieving and maintaining a high professional performance of a person in the field of work.

Take the example of mountaineers. In the course of their sports practice, they learn a lot of information about the impact of mountain hypoxia (lack of oxygen) on the human body, about ways to overcome it, etc. The same knowledge is necessary for geodesists, geologists, and glaciologists working in the mountains. You can give a lot of similar examples about applied knowledge that is acquired in sports practice and can be used by specialists of various profiles in their work.

Applied skills ensure safety at home and when performing certain professional types of work, contribute to quick and economical movement in solving production problems (swimming, skiing, rowing, driving motor vehicles, riding a horse, etc.). Naturally, a person engaged in applied sports is better in possession of these skills and abilities: tourism, motorcycling, water and various types of equestrian sports, etc.

Applied psychophysical qualities- this is an extensive list of applied physical and mental qualities necessary for each professional group, which can be formed when practicing various sports.

Applied mental qualities and personality traits, necessary for a future specialist, can be formed both at training sessions and independently. You can not make a person bold, courageous, collectivist with the help of some conversations. It must be put in conditions when it is required to show these qualities. It is at sports training, with regular independent physical education, that conditions can be created under which such volitional qualities as perseverance, determination, courage, endurance, self-control, self-discipline are manifested.

For example, everyone imagines that a civil engineer, in order to perform control and other professional duties, sometimes needs to climb a high-rise building or structure under construction. But after all, out of habit, not everyone can climb to a considerable height through temporarily constructed passages, shields and ladders without handrails. Scary.

Well, where is it better to get used to this unusual height - at a construction site under the mocking gaze of workers or in advance during the years of study at an educational institution?

The fact that this, it would seem, the simplest life problem needs to be solved even in the classroom on PPFP, gives an idea of a very clear and convincing example, which was given in one of his works by Professor N. G. Ozolin. Speaking about the fact that in the formation of any skill or skill it is necessary to gradually lead the trainee to perform the exercise in a “working” environment, he emphasized that it is possible to easily develop a strong skill of walking on a log lying on the ground, but little one of them will immediately walk on a log raised to a height of several meters. Fear of falling, excessive muscle tension do not allow you to immediately show the developed skill. A special training is needed with a gradual complication of the task - a gradual increase in the height of the log. And the fact that gymnasts, divers will cope with the above task faster and better than, for example, weightlifters, swimmers or runners, is quite obvious not only for specialists. This example shows the possibility and necessity in a number of cases of educating applied mental qualities through specially selected physical exercises in preparing a person for his chosen professional activity.

Many sports and especially gaming moments can simulate possible life situations in a production team when performing professional types of work. The habit brought up in sports activity to observe the established norms and rules of behavior (a sense of collectivism, endurance, respect for rivals, diligence, self-discipline) are transferred to everyday life, to professional activities. Conscious overcoming of difficulties in the process of regular physical culture and sports, the fight against growing fatigue, feelings of pain and fear bring up the will, self-discipline, self-confidence.

Applied special qualities- this is the body's ability to withstand specific environmental influences: cold and heat, motion sickness in a car, at sea, in the air, insufficient partial pressure of oxygen in the mountains, etc. Such abilities can be developed by hardening, dosed thermal training, special exercises that affect the vestibular apparatus (somersaults, rotations in various planes), strengthening the abdominal muscles, endurance exercises, in which motor hypoxia occurs, etc.

	Control	experimental
Body length, cm
Body length, cm
Body weight, kg
Body weight, kg
Chest circumference, cm
Chest circumference, cm
Dynamometry right hand
Dynamometry right hand
Dynamometry left hand
Dynamometry left hand

	Control	experimental
Run 60 m, s
Run 60 m, s
Run 1000 m, s
Run 1000 m, s
Standing long jump, cm
Standing long jump, cm
Flexion-extension of the body, for 30 seconds
Flexion-extension of the body, for 30 seconds
Tilt forward from a sitting position, cm
Tilt forward from a sitting position, cm

	Control	experimental
Anxiety
Anxiety
Aggressiveness
Aggressiveness
frustration
frustration
Rigidity
Rigidity

Features of professional-applied physical training of the future lawyer. Foreword Professionally Applied Physical Training of a Lawyer

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1. Definition of the concept of professionally applied physical training (PPPP), its purpose and objectives. The place of PPFP in the system of physical education of students

1.1 The concept of professionally applied physical training (PPFP)

In the existing specialized literature there are various formulations that define the concept of "professional-applied physical training".

Ilyinich V.I. notes that professionally applied physical training is a specially directed and selective use of physical culture and sports means to prepare a person for a certain professional activity.

Thus, physical exercises are an important means of increasing the efficiency of the production process by improving, through specially directed physical training, the most valuable qualities of a person for this profession.

Rice. 1.1. General PPFP model

The implementation of PPPP in the system of physical education of students is associated with a number of difficulties, the main of which is significant differences in the conditions and nature of the work of representatives of different specialties and specializations in production.

Based on modern positions, PPFP is understood as a system of organizational and pedagogical measures aimed at the formation and improvement of professionally important qualities, skills, abilities, and knowledge of an individual that are essential for her successful work in her chosen specialty.

For PPPP as a subsystem of the formation of a professional, a certain structure of PPPP is characteristic. She has a professional focus. It is provided by the goal, tasks, principles arising from the requirements for physical reliability and readiness for highly productive work in the specialty.

1.2 Goals and objectives of professionally applied physical training (PPPP).The main types of PPFP students

So, the goal of PPFP is psychophysical readiness for successful professional activity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to create psychophysical prerequisites and readiness for future specialists:

1.3 The place of PPFP in the system of physical education of students

Rice. 1.2. Scheme of probable options for the ratios of general physical fitness and PPPP in the process of physical education of students studying in various specialties

Between the first and third options in various amounts of applied knowledge, skills, physical and special qualities, there are projections of the PPFP of future specialists in many professions.

2. Means of professional-applied physical training (PPFP). Methodology for the selection of means of PPFP students. PPFP control system for students

2.1 Features of the composition of PPFP funds

Physical exercises are such motor actions (including their combinations) that are aimed at the implementation of the tasks of physical education, formed and organized according to its laws.

The word physical reflects the nature of the work performed (as opposed to mental), externally manifested in the form of movements of the human body and its parts in space and time.

The word exercise denotes a directed repetition of an action with the aim of influencing the physical and mental properties of a person and improving the way this action is performed.

Thus, physical exercise is considered, on the one hand, as a specific motor action, on the other hand, as a process of multiple repetition.

In the process of physical education, the natural forces of nature are used in two ways:

2) as relatively independent means of healing and hardening the body (sun, air baths and water procedures).

When used optimally, they become a form of active relaxation and increase the recovery effect. One of the main requirements for the use of the healing forces of nature is their systematic and complex application in combination with physical exercises.

It goes without saying that in the process of PPFP, the means of intellectual education, moral education and specialized mental training that correspond to its characteristics should also be used, without which comprehensive professional training is not conceivable.

2.2 Methodology for the selection of PPFP funds for students

The selection of PPFP means is made taking into account the peculiarities of the educational process at each faculty and the specifics of the future professional activity of students. PPFP funds can be grouped into the following groups:

2.3 Control system for students' PPFP

Verification and evaluation of the effectiveness of PPFP is carried out in the process of current, final (semester, annual) control and certification of students in professional and applied physical fitness.

The final control includes certification for all three types of professional and applied training.

The tasks of the final control: identifying the degree of assimilation of the entire program material of the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the PPFP.

Semester and annual monitoring of the effectiveness of students' PPFP is carried out in the form of a section of a differentiated test in physical education.

Admission to the mandatory final certification after completing the full course of study in the academic discipline "Physical Education" implies that students must complete mandatory practical tests in general physical, sports and technical and vocational training not lower than "satisfactory".

The final certification is carried out in the form of an oral survey. The general list of questions includes materials from the theoretical and methodological and practical sections of the PPFP.

List of sources

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