Mayakovsky's satire, like all his work, stood in the service of the revolution, in the service of socialist society. The heroes of the poet's satire are not specific characters, but personalized flaws depicted in a grotesque, caricatured form.
Mayakovsky's satire is one of the important constituent elements of his poetry. Its peculiarity is the lyrical passion of the poet-patriot in exposing what is incompatible with the idea of a high rank of a citizen, what prevents the construction of a new State.
In the center of the poem "On rubbish" is the image of a tradesman who has infiltrated a Soviet institution and cares only about his well-being. The poem begins with these lines:
Glory, glory, glory to the heroes!!!
However, they were given enough tribute.
Now let's talk about rubbish.
Already this beginning speaks about the content of the poem. In it, Mayakovsky does not intend to sing the praises of the revolution. Despite the fact that the poet accepted the revolution immediately and recklessly, like a fresh element that swept the world, he cannot but notice the shortcomings around him. The remnants of the past world and malignant neoplasms of the present haunt Mayakovsky. He is ready to stigmatize them and reveal the negative features of society, like a surgeon's scalpel. This is what is said in the first lines of the poem. It was not created to glorify the heroes of the revolutionary years. It is intended to stigmatize the abominations of philistinism. “The rubbish has thinned a little so far,” the poet says in this poem. He denounces the philistines who became bourgeois in the post-revolutionary years, says that even the storm of the revolution could not cope with them. Although Mayakovsky hoped for the invigorating and refreshing effect of the revolutionary movement:
The revolutionary storms have calmed down.
The Soviet hodgepodge turned into mud.
And the mug of a tradesman came out from behind the back of the RSFSR.
No matter how much Mayakovsky hoped for a revolution, Soviet reality was not perfect. And the reason for this is simple: new life old people came who did not want to change the principles, the way of life, accustomed to eke out an existence. In spite of them, there were revolutionaries - representatives of the new trend, but they also calmed down, completing what they had begun. “The storms of the revolutionary bosoms have calmed down ...,” the poet says in his work.
Mayakovsky ruthlessly castigates the stupid, self-satisfied man in the street, indifferent to many manifestations of life, to art and beauty, absolutely soulless.
Mayakovsky in his poem creates images of philistines, whose horizons are limited, and their first joy in life is an increase in salary. Mayakovsky insists that philistinism is not a social estate, but a false estate. The images of the philistines are grotesquely exaggerated. characteristic feature of this poem is a self-disclosure in the world of the philistines. The portrait of Karl Marx became the decoration of the dwelling.
The characterization of the "scum", directly opposed to the real heroes of the revolution, ends with a fantastic picture: as if Marx himself raised an indignant voice against the philistine life from the portrait:
Marx looked from the wall, looked...
And suddenly he opened his mouth, and how he yelled:
“Threads have entangled the revolution with philistine threads. Wrangel is more terrible than philistine life. Hurry up the heads of the canaries, so that communism is not beaten by the canaries!”
And these lines again confirm the inner protest of the poet and his lyrical hero. Unwillingness to see old troubles in a new and close to perfect world.
I would like to draw attention to the last lines of the poem:
... turn the heads of canaries - so that communism is not beaten by canaries! ...
The word "canary" denotes all the narrow-mindedness, all the vulgarity of the philistine way of life. It is intended to generalize the “portrait of a tradesman”, beyond its borders - all that lack of spirituality and that desire for material values that the poet so despised. The canary as a symbol of philistinism (a bird in a cage singing for the amusement of people covered with fat) must be destroyed. Otherwise, all these "scum" - the philistines will bring "to nothing" the cause of the revolution.
Thus, "On Rubbish" is permeated with the pathos of the struggle against what hinders the formation of an ideal socialist society. Mayakovsky in it showed those shortcomings that forced him time after time to act with his poetic methods. The satirical denunciation of Mayakovsky is a strong, but perhaps the only means by which the poet tried to rebuild the world.
A few years after the revolution, Mayakovsky wrote in 1921. poem "About rubbish." The poet was disappointed in the consequences of the revolution, the changes that took place in the country did not satisfy him. The poet uses such means of satire as irony (many diminutive suffixes “ceiling”, “bedroom”), hyperbole, (sharp, rude words “scum”, “rubbish”, “backsides”) caustic sarcasm and grotesque.
The theme of the poem is the ideals and desires of the Soviet philistines. People think primitively, mindlessly follow fashion, set the goal of life - material enrichment. The material component of life is paramount for the Soviet bourgeoisie, there is no place for spiritual development. Mayakovsky ridicules such people who consider themselves intelligentsia, but in their hearts have remained poorly educated citizens. The author criticizes not the petty bourgeois themselves as an estate, but their type of thinking. K. Marx criticized bourgeois politics and was a supporter of the revolution. In the poem, the hero criticizes society and its customs and habits; if people do not stop caring only about their well-being, then all the cruelty and violence associated with the revolution were in vain. In such a primitive society, such ideas as equality and democracy will never exist. The whole point of a tradesman's life is to brag about new things, to amuse his pride. Mayakovsky contrasts a large number of material wealth and the empty soul of people.
The poem "Seated" was written in 1922. The theme of bureaucracy is presented in this work. This poem is indignation at the system of the bureaucratic apparatus. The basis of the Soviet bureaucracy is made up of meaningless regular meetings and paperwork. Officials do not solve real problems, they do everything, but not help the people. Civil servants do not fulfill their functions, that is, they do not serve and do not help the people, it does not matter to them what to discuss, the main thing is to make the appearance of violent activity. The author uses various means of expression in the work: hyperbole in the titles of the meetings (“A-be-ve-ge-de-e-zhe-ze-com”) in order to emphasize their meaninglessness; the author ridicules the empty and unnecessary meetings on which officials spend their entire working day. The irony is that officials are present at meetings without a head, the author wanted to show the futility of their meetings. Mayakovsky condemns the bureaucratic apparatus for the fact that ordinary citizens suffer because of its carelessness.
Updated: 2017-11-24
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A poet who always responded to the events of our time. For him, there were no topics to which poetry could not respond. Everything was the subject of his attention, if it contributed to the prosperity of the Motherland. In the 1920s, bureaucracy overwhelmed the bureaucracy, and Mayakovsky responded to this evil with the poem "The Sitting Ones."
A little night will turn into disperse,
I see every day
who's in charge
who's in whom
who is in politics
who is in the light
the people disperse into institutions.
The satirical generalization contained in this work testified to the sharpness of the author's political vision, to his increased skill. The satirical power of Mayakovsky's poem is born from an organic alloy of realistic life situation with hyperbole, grotesque, fantasy of individual paintings and images. The usual picture of employees who come to serve in institutions - and a rain of papers, from which they choose "out of a hundred - the most important!" - For next meeting. Meetings follow one after another, one more absurd than the other: the theater department meets with the main directorate of the stud farm, the purpose of another meeting is to resolve the issue of “purchasing a bottle of ink by the Gupkooperativ”, finally, the already completely unimaginable meeting “A-be-ve-ge-de- e-same-ze-ko-ma. Lyrical hero, who seeks an audience "from the time she is", is sincerely indignant, he is overcome with rage. He bursts into an avalanche at the next meeting:
half of the people are sitting.
O devilry!
Where is the other half?
The hero's mind went crazy from this "terrible picture." And suddenly:
“She is in two meetings at once.
meetings for twenty
we need to hurry up.
Inevitably, you have to split in two."
The senselessness and hopelessness of this fuss is especially sharply and convincingly emphasized by this fantastic picture, which arose from the colloquial turnover "do not burst." The poem ends with a lyrical conclusion, precise and convincing:
Oh at least
one session
concerning the eradication of all meetings!
Close to the theme of this work is the poem "On Rubbish". In the center of it is the image of a tradesman who has infiltrated himself into a Soviet institution and cares only about his own well-being. The characterization of the "scum", directly opposed to the real heroes of the revolution, ends with a fantastic picture: as if Marx himself raised an indignant voice against the philistine life from the portrait:
“Threads have entangled the revolution with philistine threads.
More terrible than Wrangel is the philistine way of life.
roll the heads of the canaries -
so that communism
was not beaten by canaries!”
The theme of the fight against the philistine for a healthy socialist life was set by the poet in a number of poems.
Mayakovsky's satire is one of the important constituent elements of his poetry. Its peculiarity is the lyrical passion of the poet-patriot in exposing what is incompatible with the idea of a high rank of a citizen, what prevents the construction of a new State.
The storms of revolutionary bosoms have calmed down.
The Soviet hodgepodge turned into mud.
And got out
behind the back of the RSFSR
tradesman.
One of the most striking aspects of Mayakovsky's poetic work was satire, the brilliant master of which he was rightfully considered. High, exciting pathos and penetrating lyricism coexisted in him with satirical ruthlessness, with Shchedrin's, Swift's mocking laughter. The higher and purer the radiant ideal of the new man was drawn to the poet, the more violently he fell upon vulgarity, lack of culture, greed and predation. "What an evil, strong," biting "enemy our philistinism, bureaucracy, degenerate sycophancy found in Mayakovsky! What magnificent thunders and lightnings Mayakovsky brought down on spiritual hardness, ideological sclerosis, mud and slush of lazy thought," mental "lying on the stove, rendering way of life and customs, the bureaucracy of big and small bureaucrats and quarrels!” - N. I. Bukharin wrote in a farewell article with the subtitle "Sorrowful Thoughts" on the eve of the funeral of the great poet.
"Terrible laughter" Mayakovsky called his angry satirical poems, since with them he helped to burn out "various rubbish and nonsense" from our lives. The poet considered it his duty "to roar like a copper-throated siren in the fog of philistinism, near boiling storms." In rhyme, the poet saw not only "weasel and slogan" for friends, but also "bayonet and whip" for enemies. With a sharp word, he struck idlers, bureaucrats, plunderers of people's property and other "scoundrels". The objects of Mayakovsky's satire are as diverse as reality itself. His satirical whip took out the enemy, under whatever guise he was: an interventionist or a murderer from around the corner, a careerist-sycophant or a Soviet "pompadour" with a party card. Back in 1921, in the poem "On Rubbish," Mayakovsky boldly depicted the mug of a tradesman leaning out "from behind the back of the RSFSR." His "comrade Nadia" is inimitable:
And me with dress emblems.
Without a sickle and a hammer you will not appear in the light!
I will figure
at a ball in the Revolutionary Military Council?!
Mayakovsky, in a Gorky way, hated philistinism, ridiculed and exposed it everywhere: in large and small, in everyday life and art, among part of the youth of his day. Such are his poems “Love”, “Give a beautiful life”, “Letter to beloved Molchanova”, “Beer and socialism”, “Marusya poisoned herself”, etc.
The themes of Mayakovsky's satire are also developed in his comedies Bedbug and Bathhouse. The Bedbug depicts a certain Prisypkin, who remade his last name into Pierre Skripkin “for elegance”. "A former worker, now a fiancé", he married the girl Elsevira Renaissance, a manicurist, "who cut off the former Prisypkin's claws." For the upcoming "red wedding", he buys "red ham", "red-headed bottles and red stuff." As a result of a series of fantastic events, Prisypkin manages to survive in a frozen form until the coming communist society. It is defrosted, and the people of the future look with surprise at this "vodka-eating mammal". However, he spreads around him the disease-causing bacilli of alcoholism, sycophancy and guitar-romance sensibility. And Prisypkin, as the rarest copy of the “philistine vulgaris”, together with his constant companion “clopus normalis”, is placed as an exhibit in the zoological garden.
Mayakovsky's second comedy is a sharp satire on bureaucracy. ""Bath" - washes (simply erases) bureaucrats, "Mayakovsky wrote. The central character of the play is the chief pups ( chief boss for approval management) Pobedonosikov. He is trying to leave in the “time machine” invented by the Komsomol to the future, to the “communist age”. He even prepared mandates and travel certificates and writes out daily allowances from the "average calculation for 100 years." But "the time machine rushed forward in five years, with tenfold steps, carrying away workers and workers and spitting out Pobedonosikov and his ilk."
An exceptionally rich and varied set of satirical means by Mayakovsky. “Weapons of the most beloved kind” - this is how the poet called his brave “cavalry of witticisms”, whose heroic raids were truly irresistible.
Mayakovsky's favorite satirical device is extreme hyperbolism. An infinitely exaggerated phenomenon is already becoming fantastic. Mayakovsky used these fantastic and grotesque hyperboles in his early Hymns. Thus, in the Hymn to the Judge we read:
The eyes of the judge - a pair of tins flickering in the garbage pit.
An orange-blue peacock fell under his strict eye,
as a post
and instantly shed a magnificent peacock tail!
In general, Mayakovsky is inimitable in the art of caricature - satirical underlining, thickening of exposed features. An excellent example in this respect is the poem "6 nuns":
like a solution of boric acid, together,
squadron, sit down to eat. Having dinner together
hiding in the restroom. One yawned -
yawn six ... Come at night -
sitting and muttering. Dawn in roses -
bitches mutter! And in the afternoon
and at night, and in the morning, and at noon they sit
and mutter
fools sir.
A more deadly caricature of religious bigotry is hard to imagine.
Literary parodies play a very important role in Mayakovsky's satirical arsenal. The parodied Pushkin text in the poem "Good!" is excellently used. The tenderest poetic duet of Tatyana with the nanny is played out by the old woman Kuskova, inflamed with passion for Kerensky (“Why is the girl drying up and withering? She is silent ... but the feeling, you see, is great”) and “the mustachioed nanny”, “the worldly-wise Pe En Milyukov”. A witty parody extraordinarily enhances the effect of satirical exposure.
The grotesque, that is, the comically terrible nature of the picture, which depicts the sitting “half people”, is emphasized by the “calmest” attitude of the secretary, who considers such a situation, from which the poor petitioner “has lost his mind”, quite natural:
meetings for twenty
we need to hurry up.
Inevitably, you have to split up.
To the waist here
but other
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Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a poet who has always responded to the events of our time. For him, there were no topics to which poetry could not respond. Everything was the subject of his attention, if it contributed to the prosperity of the Motherland. In the 1920s, bureaucracy overwhelmed the bureaucracy, and Mayakovsky responded to this evil with the poem “The Sitting Ones”.
A little night will turn into disperse,
I see every day
who's in charge
who's in whom
who is in politics
who is in the light
the people disperse into institutions.
The satirical generalization contained in this work testified to the sharpness of the author's political vision, to his increased skill. The satirical power of Mayakovsky's poem is born from an organic alloy of a realistic life situation with hyperbole, grotesque, fantasy of individual paintings and images. The usual picture of employees coming to work in institutions - and a rain of papers, from which they choose “out of a hundred - the most important!” - for the next meeting. Meetings follow one after another, one more absurd than the other: the theatrical department meets with the main directorate of the stud farm, the purpose of another meeting is to resolve the issue of “purchasing a bottle of ink by the Gupkooperativ”, finally, the already completely unimaginable meeting “A-be-ve-ge-de- e-same-ze-ko-ma”. The lyrical hero, who seeks an audience “from the time she is”, is sincerely indignant, he is overcome with rage. He bursts into an avalanche at the next meeting:
And I see:
half of the people are sitting.
O devilry!
Where is the other half?
The hero’s mind went crazy from this “terrible picture”. And suddenly:
The senselessness and hopelessness of this fuss is especially sharply and convincingly emphasized by this fantastic picture, which arose from the colloquial turnover "do not burst." The poem ends with a lyrical conclusion, precise and convincing:
Oh at least
more
one session
concerning the eradication of all meetings!
Close to the theme of this work is the poem “On Rubbish”. In the center of it is the image of a tradesman who has infiltrated himself into a Soviet institution and cares only about his own well-being. The characterization of the “scum”, directly opposed to the real heroes of the revolution, ends with a fantastic picture: as if Marx himself raised an indignant voice against the philistine life from the portrait:
“The philistines have entangled the revolution in threads.
More terrible than Wrangel is the philistine way of life.
Quicker
roll the heads of the canaries -
so that communism
was not beaten by canaries!”
The theme of the fight against the philistine for a healthy socialist life was set by the poet in a number of poems.
Mayakovsky's satire is one of the important constituent elements of his poetry. Its peculiarity is the lyrical passion of the poet-patriot in exposing what is incompatible with the idea of a high rank of a citizen, what prevents the construction of a new State.
The storms of revolutionary bosoms have calmed down.
The Soviet hodgepodge turned into mud.
And got out
behind the back of the RSFSR
muzzle
tradesman.
Acutely and mercilessly, Mayakovsky castigates "eternal" evil.
Mayakovsky's satire (based on the poems "Protsessed", "About rubbish")
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a poet who has always responded to the events of our time. For him, there were no topics to which poetry could not respond. Everything was the subject of his attention, if it contributed to the prosperity of the Motherland. In the 1920s, bureaucracy overwhelmed the bureaucracy, and Mayakovsky responded to this evil with the poem “The Sitting Ones”.
A little night will turn into disperse,
I see every day
who's in charge
who's in whom
who is in politics
who is in the light
the people disperse into institutions.
The satirical generalization contained in this work testified to the sharpness of the author's political vision, to his increased skill. The satirical power of Mayakovsky's poem is born from an organic alloy of a realistic life situation with hyperbole, grotesque, fantasy of individual paintings and images. The usual picture of employees coming to work in institutions - and a rain of papers, from which they choose "out of a hundred - the most important!" for the next meeting. Meetings follow one after another, one more absurd than the other: the theater department meets with the main directorate of the stud farm, the purpose of another meeting is to resolve the issue of “purchasing a bottle of ink by the Gupkooperativ”, finally, the already completely unimaginable meeting “A-be-ve-ge-de- e-same-ze-ko-ma”. The lyrical hero, who seeks an audience “from the time she is”, is sincerely indignant, he is overcome with rage. He bursts into an avalanche at the next meeting:
And I see:
half of the people are sitting.
O devilry!
Where is the other half?
The hero’s mind went crazy from this “terrible picture”. And suddenly:
“She's in two meetings at once.
In a day
meetings for twenty
we need to hurry up.
Inevitably, you have to split up.”
The senselessness and hopelessness of this fuss is especially sharply and convincingly emphasized by this fantastic picture, which arose from the colloquial turnover "do not burst." The poem ends with a lyrical conclusion, precise and convincing:
Oh at least
more
one meeting
concerning the eradication of all meetings!
Close to the theme of this work is the poem “On Rubbish”. In the center of it is the image of a tradesman who has infiltrated himself into a Soviet institution and cares only about his own well-being. The characterization of the “scum”, directly opposed to the real heroes of the revolution, ends with a fantastic picture: as if Marx himself raised an indignant voice against the philistine life from the portrait:
“They entangled the revolution with philistine threads.
More terrible than Wrangel is the philistine way of life.
Quicker
roll the heads of the canaries -
so that communism
was not beaten by canaries!”
The theme of the fight against the philistine for a healthy socialist life was set by the poet in a number of poems.
Mayakovsky's satire is one of the important constituent elements of his poetry. Its peculiarity is the lyrical passion of the poet-patriot in exposing what is incompatible with the idea of a high rank of a citizen, what prevents the construction of a new State.
The storms of revolutionary bosoms have calmed down.
The Soviet hodgepodge turned into mud.
And got out
behind the back of the RSFSR
muzzle
tradesman.
Acutely and mercilessly Mayakovsky castigates "eternal" evil
