With changes and additions from:

Modern scientific research it was found that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in children school age falls within the interval of 10 - 12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body.

Therefore, in the schedule of lessons for students of primary general education, the main subjects should be taught at 2-3 lessons, and for students of basic general and secondary general education - at 2, 3, 4 lessons.

The mental performance of students is not the same on different days school week. Its level increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week.

Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday. These days, the lesson schedule includes subjects corresponding to highest score on a scale of difficulty (table 1, , of this appendix) or with an average score and the lowest score on a scale of difficulty, but in more than the rest of the week. The presentation of new material, tests should be carried out at 2-4 lessons in the middle of the school week.

Items that require a lot of time for home preparation should not be grouped on the same day.

When scheduling lessons for primary, secondary and senior students, it is necessary to use tables 1-3, in which the difficulty of each academic subject is ranked in points.

With the right timetable the largest number points for the day for the sum of all subjects must fall on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.

Table 1

Subject difficulty scale for grades 1 - 4

table 2

Difficulty Scale subjects studied in grades 5 - 9

Table 3

Scale of difficulty of subjects studied in grades 10-11

At first school year to the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for Tomsk region there are many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the teaching load of students in schools.

Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process in schools are regulated by sanitary and epidemiological rules and norms SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in general educational institutions».

The number of hours devoted to lesson and extracurricular activities, should not in aggregate exceed the value of the maximum weekly educational load.

In institutions with in-depth study individual items, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions that work in two shifts, education of 1st, 5th, graduating 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.

The volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:

For students of the 1st grade - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day per week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of the lesson physical education;

For students of grades 2 - 4 - no more than 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;

For students in grades 5 - 6 - no more than 6 lessons;

For students in grades 7 - 11 - no more than 7 lessons.

Modern scientific research has established that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in children of school age falls on the interval of 10-12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for students of the 1st grade, the most difficult subjects must be taught in the 2nd lesson; 2-4 classes - 2-3 lessons; for students in grades 5-11 - at 2-4 lessons.

The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.

The duration of the lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of Grade 1. The training of "first-graders" is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:

Training sessions are held on a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;

The use of a "stepped" learning mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day of 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons of 45 minutes each) ;

Training is conducted without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;

Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of study.

The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, for catering for children after 2 and 3 lessons, two breaks of 20 minutes each are set.

To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons per week. Physical education classes are recommended to be included in the last lessons, after physical education lessons there are no lessons with written assignments and tests.

The Public Chamber of the Russian Federation reviewed the concept of modernization of the subject "Physical Education". The document is supposed to be sent to the government by the end of 2017. After the concept is approved, it is planned to be implemented within a three-year period. But schoolchildren will be able to attend the first physical education lessons of the new format at the end of the school year.

Since 2010, the third hour of physical education has been introduced in schools by increasing the maximum allowable weekly educational load. Physical education has also received the status of the main subject of general education, so it is impossible to replace this third hour, for example, with a foreign language or mathematics.

What to devote the third hour to is at the discretion of the school. For example, many educational institutions in the Moscow region have introduced chess lessons on a permanent basis. Sambo, rugby, rhythmic gymnastics have become no less popular "substitutes" for the standard approach to physical education lessons.

Now in domestic pedagogy there are two approaches to the subject, both have their pros and cons. The first is academic, which focuses on different types warm-ups, passing standards, crosses, conducts theoretical lessons on healthy eating and healthy lifestyle life. Another approach implies that physical education is a time of entertainment and outdoor games in which you can let off steam after a long sitting at your desk.

At the same time, in both cases, the lessons lack attention to the characteristics of the child's body at a certain age, experts admit.

“Education does not allow modern teachers to teach high-quality, for example, gymnastics in elementary grades. Therefore, the lessons are held in a game direction. Children come to the lesson, they are given a ball, they are shown the ring, and then they are already trying to develop themselves. And absolutely not at that time, ”said Irina Chernyshkova, Honored Coach of Russia. Often there is such a scientific and pedagogical error when

children are required to develop strength and endurance, while, according to scientists, these physical qualities begin to develop at a later age, the expert adds.

The concept takes into account at what period of growing up what qualities children need to develop. Yes, for preschool education the norm will be considered the performance of gymnastic exercises through games. IN primary school the guys will already be able to start doing basic gymnastics exercises, the games will become educational. Main general education will provide for such a set of exercises that will allow adolescents to improve their physical qualities, such as flexibility, coordination and strength development, and secondary general education - the development of endurance, physical improvement.

In addition to the distribution of types of load by age, the concept also takes into account the general physiological development of children. The participants in the discussion noted that the physical condition of the younger generation is significantly reduced. Most students have poorly developed flexibility and coordination abilities, and according to doctors, this is an indicator of aging, since insufficiently developed motor skills are a tool negative impact on brain development.

However, changes in physical education lessons will affect not only children, but also adults. In particular, the concept provides for work with parents, who should not by all means protect the child from the satrap-physical teacher, but, on the contrary, encourage the student to go to school. According to the authors of the concept, it is necessary to work with physicians who write out certificates for exemption from physical education too easily. And this, according to experts, undermines the significance of this subject.

Particular attention, of course, is paid to physical education teachers.

The priority for him, according to the concept, should be not so much teaching the exercises, but learning how to perform these exercises correctly so that the child does not get injured.

It should be taken into account that 211 children died during physical education lessons last year alone. However, according to the Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva, the reason is not the qualifications of teachers, but the fact that schools do not have access to medical records students and are not always aware of any risk factors.

“In physical education classes, injuries really often occur,” the chairman of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights explained to Gazeta.Ru. educational services Victor Panin, - Recently there was only a story of this kind:

a child was hit in the head with a ball during a physical education lesson. She generally had an exemption from the lesson, she sat on the bench, and the guys played volleyball. At the same time, as is often the case, the teacher looked in the other direction altogether.

Unfortunately, she did not say anything to the teacher, did not go to the doctor, and it turned out at home, so it was already difficult to figure it out. Actually, this is what usually happens: the teacher does not comply with the safety requirements in the classroom - either does not have the appropriate qualifications, or is simply negligent in the performance of his duties. And children are children. With improper use of sports equipment and without the supervision of a teacher, the risk of injury is very high.

According to Panin, the installation of cameras in gyms can help reduce injuries in physical education classes. “There are cameras in many schools, they were installed before the elections.

But, as a rule, they are installed either in the corridors or in separate classrooms. I believe that this issue should also be considered as part of the introduction of the concept, as this would contribute to the growth of discipline in physical education classes, both on the part of the teacher and on the part of the children, ”the expert said.

Sergey Komkov, President of the All-Russian Education Fund, believes that in modern schools there is a shortage of qualified physical education teachers.

“We have long had a question about the level of training of such teachers, because our pedagogical universities very drastically lowered the bar.

Physical education teacher training programs require a very serious revision,” he explained to Gazeta.Ru.

In addition, schools lack very serious medical control during physical education classes, Komkov believes. Together with the teacher, a medical worker must necessarily work, because physical culture is always associated with a certain risk - regardless of whether it is games or passing standards.

“Another point is the material equipment of the halls and everything related to the conduct of physical education lessons. We are sorely lacking normal gyms. Schools are being built, but they are often rented out without the appropriate complexes - gaming, sports, for conducting elementary morning exercises, ”added the president of the All-Russian Education Fund.

Depositphotos/racorn

Information about the distribution of the teaching load in general education schools The regional department of the department posted on its website.

Since the beginning of the school year, the department has received many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the workload of students in schools, the report says. Hygienic requirements for the educational process in schools are regulated by the document "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions."

The number of hours allotted for classroom and extracurricular activities should not in aggregate exceed the maximum weekly load.

In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions operating in two shifts, teaching of the first, fifth, final ninth and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should also be organized in the first shift.

The volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:

- for first grade students - no more than four lessons and one day a week - no more than five lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;

- for pupils of the second-fourth grades - no more than five lessons and six lessons once a week at the expense of a physical education lesson during a six-day school week;

- for students of the fifth-sixth grades - no more than six lessons;

- for students of the seventh-eleventh grades - no more than seven lessons.

Scientific research has established that the optimal level of mental performance in children of school age falls on the interval of 10:00 - 12:00. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for first-grade students, the most difficult subjects must be taught in the second lesson; second-fourth grades - at the second-third lessons; for students of the fifth-eleventh grades - in the second-fourth lessons.

The mental performance of schoolchildren is not the same on different days of the week. The level of efficiency increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning of the school week, on Monday, and at the end, that is, on Friday. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday or Wednesday.

The duration of the lesson in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of the first class. The training of "first-graders" should be carried out in compliance with additional requirements:

- training sessions are held on a five-day school week and only on the first shift;

- a "stepped" training mode is used: in September, October - three lessons a day for 35 minutes each, in November-December - four lessons for 35 minutes each; in January-May - four lessons of 45 minutes each;

- training is carried out without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;

- additional weekly holidays are introduced in the middle of the third quarter under the traditional mode of study.

The duration of the breaks between lessons should be at least ten minutes; to organize the nutrition of children after the second and third lessons, two breaks of 20 minutes each are established.

To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, it is recommended to conduct at least three physical education lessons per week. Physical education is recommended to be placed among the last lessons. After them, there are no lessons with written assignments and tests.

The department clarifies that in case of violation of these requirements in schools, you can apply in writing to the Rospotrebnadzor department for the Tomsk region: the institution will be checked for compliance with its activities with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.

School: basic, secondary general education

Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 N 189 (as amended on December 25, 2013) "On approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general education organizations "

X. Hygienic requirements for the mode of the educational process.

10.1. Optimal start age schooling- not earlier than 7 years. Children of the 8th or 7th year of life are admitted to the 1st grade. Admission of children of the 7th year of life is carried out when they reach the age of at least 6 years 6 months by September 1 of the academic year.

The class capacity, with the exception of compensatory education classes, should not exceed 25 people.

10.2. Education of children under the age of 6 years 6 months by the beginning of the school year is recommended to be carried out in a preschool educational institution or in educational organization in compliance with all hygiene requirements for the conditions and organization of the educational process for preschool children.

10.3. To prevent overwork of students in the annual calendar curriculum, it is recommended to provide for an even distribution of periods of study time and holidays.

10.4. Classes should start no earlier than 8:00. Zero lessons are not allowed.

In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.

In institutions that work in two shifts, education of 1st, 5th, graduating 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.

Training in 3 shifts in general educational organizations is not allowed.

10.5. The number of hours allotted for students to master the curriculum of a general educational organization, consisting of a mandatory part and a part formed by participants in the educational process, should not in aggregate exceed the value of the weekly educational load.

The value of the weekly educational load (number of training sessions), implemented through classroom and extracurricular activities, is determined in accordance with Table 3.

Table 3

Hygienic requirements for the maximum values ​​of the weekly educational load

Organization specialized training in grades 10-11 should not lead to an increase in the educational load. The choice of a training profile should be preceded by career guidance work.

10.6. The educational weekly load is evenly distributed during the school week, while the volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:

For students of the 1st grade - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day a week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;

For students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons, and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;

For students in grades 5-6 - no more than 6 lessons;

For students in grades 7-11 - no more than 7 lessons.

The schedule of lessons is compiled separately for compulsory and optional classes. Extracurricular activities should be scheduled on the days with the fewest compulsory lessons. Between the start of extracurricular activities and the last lesson, it is recommended to arrange a break of at least 45 minutes.

10.7. The schedule of lessons is compiled taking into account the daily and weekly mental performance of students and the scale of the difficulty of educational subjects (real sanitary regulations).

10.8. When scheduling lessons, subjects of various complexity should be alternated during the day and week: for students of the first stage of education, the main subjects (mathematics, Russian and foreign languages, natural history, computer science) should be alternated with music lessons, visual arts, labor, physical culture; for students of the II and III stages of education, subjects of natural and mathematical profile alternate with humanitarian subjects.

For students of the 1st grade, the most difficult subjects should be taught in the 2nd lesson; 2-4 classes - 2-3 lessons; for students of 5-11 grades in 2-4 lessons.

IN primary school there are no double lessons.

During the school day, you should not conduct more than one control work. Tests are recommended to be carried out at 2-4 lessons.

10.9. The duration of a lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of grade 1, in which the duration is regulated by clause 10.10. of these sanitary rules, and a compensating class, the duration of the lesson in which should not exceed 40 minutes.

Density academic work students in the lessons in the main subjects should be 60-80%.

10.10. Education in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:

• training sessions are held on a 5-day school week and only in the first shift;
• the use of a “stepped” learning mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day of 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons of 45 minutes each) ;
• organization in the middle of the school day is recommended dynamic pause lasting at least 40 minutes;
• training is conducted without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;
• additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of study.

10.11. To prevent overwork and maintain an optimal level of performance during the week, students should have an easy school day on Thursday or Friday.

10.12. The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, the big break (after 2 or 3 lessons) is 20-30 minutes. Instead of one big break, it is allowed to set two breaks of 20 minutes each after 2 and 3 lessons.

It is recommended to organize changes in the open air. To this end, when conducting a daily dynamic pause, it is recommended to increase the duration of a long break to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes are allocated to the organization of motor-active activities for students on the sports ground of the institution, in the gym or in recreation.

10.13. The break between shifts must be at least 30 minutes for wet cleaning in the premises and their ventilation, in case of an unfavorable epidemiological situation for disinfection treatment, the break is increased to 60 minutes.

10.14. Use in educational process innovative educational programs and technologies, class schedules, training modes is possible in the absence of them adverse influence on functional state and student health.

10.15. In small-scale rural educational institutions, depending on the specific conditions, the number of students, their age characteristics, it is allowed to form classes-sets of students at the first stage of education. The optimal one, however, is separate education students different ages I stage of education.

When combining students of the first stage of education into a class-set, it is optimal to create it from two classes: grades 1 and 3 (1 + 3), grades 2 and 3 (2 + 3), grades 2 and 4 (2 + 4). To prevent fatigue of students, it is necessary to reduce the duration of combined (especially 4th and 5th) lessons by 5-10 minutes. (except for the lesson of physical culture). The occupancy of the classes-sets must comply with Table 4.

Table 4

Filling of classes-sets

10.16. In classes of compensatory education, the number of students should not exceed 20 people. The duration of the lessons should not exceed 40 minutes. Correctional and developmental classes are included in the volume of the maximum allowable weekly load established for a student of each age.

Regardless of the length of the school week, the number of lessons per day should not be more than 5 in primary grades (except first grade) and more than 6 lessons in grades 5-11.

To prevent overwork and maintain an optimal level of performance, a light training day is organized - Thursday or Friday.

To facilitate and shorten the period of adaptation to the educational process of students in compensatory classes, medical and psychological assistance should be provided by educational psychologists, pediatricians, speech therapists, and other specially trained teachers, as well as using information and communication technologies, visual aids.

10.17. In order to prevent fatigue, impaired posture and vision, students in the classroom should conduct physical exercises and gymnastics for the eyes (and these sanitary rules).

10.18. It is necessary to alternate during the lesson different types learning activities(with the exception of control works). Average continuous duration various kinds educational activities of students (reading from paper, writing, listening, questioning, etc.) in grades 1-4 should not exceed 7-10 minutes, in grades 5-11 - 10-15 minutes. The distance from the eyes to the notebook or book should be at least 25-35 cm for students in grades 1-4 and at least 30-45 cm for students in grades 5-11.

Duration of continuous use in educational process technical means learning is set according to table 5.

Table 5

Duration of continuous use of technical meanslearning in the classroom

After using technical training aids related to visual load, it is necessary to carry out a set of exercises to prevent eye fatigue (), and at the end of the lesson - physical exercises to prevent general fatigue ().

10.19. The mode of training and organization of the work of classrooms using computer technology must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work on them.

10.20. To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons per week, provided for in the volume of the maximum allowable weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical education lessons with other subjects.

10.21. To increase the motor activity of students, it is recommended to include subjects of a motor-active nature in the curricula for students (choreography, rhythm, modern and ballroom dancing, teaching traditional and national sports games).

10.22. The motor activity of students, in addition to physical education lessons, in the educational process can be provided through:

• physical education minutes in accordance with the recommended set of exercises ();
• organized outdoor games at recess;
• a sports hour for children attending an extended day group;
• extra-curricular sports activities and competitions, school-wide sports events, health days,
• self-study physical culture in sections and clubs.

10.23. Sports loads in physical culture classes, competitions, extracurricular sports activities, during a dynamic or sports hour should correspond to age, health status and physical fitness students, as well as weather conditions (if they are organized outdoors).

The distribution of students into the main, preparatory and special groups, for participation in physical culture and recreation and sports events, is carried out by the doctor, taking into account their state of health (or on the basis of certificates of their health). Students of the main physical culture group are allowed to participate in all sports and recreation activities in accordance with their age. With students of preparatory and special groups, physical culture and health work should be carried out taking into account the conclusion of a doctor.

Students assigned to the preparatory and special groups for health reasons are engaged in physical culture with a decrease in physical activity.

It is advisable to conduct physical education lessons outdoors. The possibility of conducting physical education classes in the open air, as well as outdoor games, is determined by the totality of weather conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air speed) by climatic zones ().

On rainy, windy and frosty days, physical education classes are held in the hall.

10.24. The motor density of physical culture lessons should be at least 70%.

Students are allowed to test physical fitness, participate in competitions and hikes with permission medical worker. His presence at sports competitions and at classes in swimming pools is mandatory.

10.25. In the occupations provided for by work educational program, it is necessary to alternate tasks of different nature. You should not perform one type of activity in the lesson throughout the entire time of independent work.

10.26. All work in workshops and home economics classrooms is performed by students in special clothes (robe, apron, beret, scarf). Protective goggles must be worn when performing work that poses a risk of injury to the eyes.

10.27. When organizing practice and socially useful work of students, provided for by the educational program, associated with heavy physical exertion (carrying and moving heavy loads), it is necessary to be guided by sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of working conditions for workers under 18 years of age.

It is not allowed to involve students in work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of labor is prohibited, persons under 18 years of age, as well as in cleaning sanitary facilities and common areas, washing windows and lamps, removing snow from roofs and other similar work.

For agricultural work (practice) in regions of the II climatic zone, it is necessary to allocate mainly the first half of the day, and in regions III climate zone- the second half of the day (16-17 hours) and the hours with the least insolation. Agricultural equipment used for work must be appropriate for the height and age of students. The permissible duration of work for students aged 12-13 is 2 hours; for teenagers 14 years and older - 3 hours. Every 45 minutes of work, it is necessary to arrange regulated 15-minute breaks for rest. Work on sites and in premises treated with pesticides and agrochemicals is allowed within the time limits established by the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals.

When organizing classes on labor training and vocational training in grades 5 - 11, provided for by the educational program, compliance with these sanitary rules and sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of working conditions for workers under the age of 18 is ensured.

10.28. When organizing extended day groups, it is necessary to follow the recommendations set out in Annex 6 of these sanitary rules.

10.29. Circle work in extended day groups should take into account the age characteristics of students, ensure a balance between motor-active and static classes, and is organized in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions additional education children.

10.30. The volume of homework (for all subjects) should be such that the time spent on its completion does not exceed (in astronomical hours): in grades 2-3 - 1.5 hours, in grades 4-5 - 2 hours, in grades 6-8 classes - 2.5 hours, in grades 9-11 - up to 3.5 hours.

10.31. During the final certification, it is not allowed to conduct more than one exam per day. The break between exams must be at least 2 days. With the duration of the exam 4 or more hours, it is necessary to organize meals for students.

10.32. The weight of a daily set of textbooks and stationery should not exceed: for students in grades 1-2 - more than 1.5 kg, in grades 3-4 - more than 2 kg; - 5-6th - more than 2.5 kg, 7-8th - more than 3.5 kg, 9-11th - more than 4.0 kg.

10.33. In order to prevent violations of the posture of students, it is recommended to primary school have two sets of textbooks: one - for use in lessons in a general educational organization, the second - for preparing homework.