Means and methods of training karatekas. Features of teaching children of primary school age percussion techniques of legs in karate setakan. Our classes will teach your child to notice and avoid danger

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Evgeny Vasilyevich Golovikhin, Sergey Vladimirovich Stepanov
Organization and methods of training in martial arts

About authors

Stepanov Sergey Vladimirovich, doctor pedagogical sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Physical Culture of the Russian Federation, Honored Coach of Russia, Head of the Department of Combat Sports, 5th Dan Kinushin-Kun Karate.

Golovikhin Evgeny Vasilyevich, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Master of Sports of International Class, Honored Coach of Russia, 4th Dan Shidokan.

Reviewers:

Rapoport L.A., Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor, Head of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports Department of the Institute of Physical Culture, Social Service and Tourism, USTU-UPI.

Rosenfeld A.S. – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

1. Explanatory note

The work is intended to prepare IFC students for practical work as teachers-trainers in Kyokushin karate (sports section). It provides for the study by students of specialization of martial arts of the course of wrestling in different areas: general and special pedagogy, general and sports psychology, theory and methodology of physical culture and sports, hygiene, physiology, practical development of general and special physical qualities, study and improvement of the technique and tactics of kyokushinkai karate , participation in competitions, organization of the training process and competitions, etc.

This discipline is studied by students for 10 semesters (1-5 courses) in a total of 456 hours of classroom and practical classes, 476 hours - self-study.

For students specializing in Kyokushin Karate;

At the seminars, students are provided with basic theoretical information on the sections of the course. In seminars, students learn to express their knowledge on specific issues. On methodical lessons students master the methodology of teaching and applying the knowledge gained in practical activities. In practical classes, students master and improve the skills of performing basic and auxiliary exercises. Training practice is carried out with the aim of improving the professional and pedagogical skills and abilities necessary for the activity of a Kyokushin Karate coach. These skills and abilities are further improved in the process of coaching practice in the 4th year.

The solution of educational tasks provides for the education of the qualities inherent in a coach-teacher. Improving tasks allow you to control the development of the forms and functions of the body, maintain and strengthen health through the use of restorative and medical measures.

Control and correction of the educational process is carried out in the form of credit lessons, independent work, abstracts, preparation of reports, delivery of control standards that allow assessing the quality of the academic work, successes and shortcomings in the level of preparedness of future specialists.

Scientific - research students are planned in all areas of theory and methodology, psychology, sociology, physiology and biomechanics chosen kind sports.

Competitive practice is also mandatory as a method of improving and developing students in their professional activities.

Participation in competitions for students of specialization is a prerequisite, regardless of the qualifications of athletes.

Diploma work is carried out from the 2nd to the 5th course according to the hours allotted for each course, and is controlled using individual plans.

2. Introduction

National security is to ensure the physical, economic and spiritual survival of the nation while maintaining the optimal parameters of its development. (A nation in this case is understood as a set of ethnic groups that make up the population of a given state.)

Mass classes physical education is, first of all, the implementation of such an important parameter of the development of the nation as the state of health of the population, and the health of the population is undoubtedly an important component national security.

The health of women of reproductive age is the basis for solving the demographic problem that is acutely facing modern Russia. And this is not just a task of eliminating the negative balance between fertility and mortality. The gigantic expanses and vast natural wealth of the country require adequate human potential for their development. The discrepancy between the size of the population and the territory occupied by it has always served as a justification for the forcible seizure or fragmentation of the physical space of states by their opponents.

It is not enough to master the territory - you also need to protect it. One of the components of the military power of the state is a combat-ready army. In turn, the combat effectiveness of the army is determined both by the physical health of the servicemen and their high morale. The health of boys and young men is, among other things, the state of the army contingent, its ability to endure physical, psychological and intellectual stress. In this sense, martial arts are very important, because they develop in young people such moral and volitional qualities as the ability to overcome difficulties, a sense of collectivism, and a mood for victory.

The paradoxical but real side of development political systems as national security structures is physical health not only the population, but also the political elite.

The increase in the incidence of somatic and mental disorders is one of the reasons for the tightening of the political regime. Psychologically unstable people usually strive not for democratic, but for authoritarian forms of government. The situation of constant choice, characteristic of democratic development, is difficult for them, they want unambiguousness. Unambiguity in the political market is usually offered only by extreme left or extreme right parties.

Moreover, in the general sense of the word, the healthier the nation as a whole, the healthier its part - the political elite. The serious illness of the tsar’s heir at the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin’s persistent health disorder, Stalin’s paranoia alleged by the great scientist Bekhterev, the “inadequacy” of the late Brezhnev, the constant illnesses of President Yeltsin - these phenomena, at least, give rise to the flowering of the so-called shadow forms of power. The latter is already the actual transformation of the political regime without its legal change, and this transformation is directed towards “escape from freedom”, towards moving away from the ideal of the rule of law and democracy.

Martial arts, which include karate, bring up an orientation towards success in life, form the psychology of a winner. In the process of learning and training, young people develop high moral and volitional qualities, which is directly related to psychological possibilities survival and development of the nation.

Sports, mass physical culture objectively form a natural, not imposed, project of a national idea based on the desire for victories, especially since Russians are truly a nation of winners. At one time, the vast expanses of Eurasia were defeated and united in Russian state. Russia would not have survived either geographically or politically if it were not for the constant victorious repulse of numerous aggressions aimed at conquering our richest territories. The Russians made a decisive contribution to the victory over Hitler's fascism, which aspired to world domination. Russia was the first to send a man into space, a Russian citizen for the first time in history carried out an exit from spaceship V outer space. “Remembering” these real national achievements of world significance helps, among other things, the sport of high achievements.

Thus, the development of sports, in particular the training of karate, is one of the aspects of ensuring national security and prestige of modern Russia.

3. Karate as a scientific and educational discipline

Vivid images of fighters who skillfully, powerfully and effectively demonstrate attack and defense techniques, find a way out of any difficult situations, deal with many enemies, fight for justice - this is usually the first stereotypical image when the word KARATE is used. Facilities mass media rather specifically convey to the consumer the images of karatekas. In fact, karate is the oldest system of specialized knowledge, skills and abilities, which were mainly accumulated empirically. For more than five centuries, the experience of practical activity in karate has been acquired and generalized. The best and most effective were selected, and despite the lack of theoretical justification in the training of karate masters, the results of training the mind and body were impressive.

At present, karate is the most popular type of social activity that combines a healthy lifestyle, sports, professionally applied skills, and philosophy. The possibilities of personal development through the system of karate classes are unlimited. Accordingly, karate can be considered as a scientific and educational discipline, representing a way of organizing knowledge about the role and place of karate at various life stages of a person, the features and general patterns of his functional development.

object The study of karate is the physical, mental capabilities and abilities of the individual, which change with the systematic impact of karate means.

Subject studies advocate general patterns the process of practicing karate. In karate, there are three areas where these patterns manifest themselves: professional-applied, sports, health-improving.

The professional and applied direction includes questions about the causes of karate, its role and place as a social subsystem in the life of a person and society at the present time, the relationship of karate with other subsystems (training, education, work), development prospects in connection with ongoing changes in life modern society, searching for adapted forms of training in accordance with the goals of karate classes. Using the possibilities of karate to form the spiritual culture of society. Formation of aspects of life safety. Practical application in extreme situations.

In the sports direction are studied general fundamentals sports training, patterns of management and development of karate (motivation for self-improvement, sport, professional activities of trainers-teachers, the impact of sports activities on a healthy lifestyle, applied orientation, personal development).

In the health direction, the influence of karate means on the process of vital activity of the human body is studied; optimal selection of exercises for the development of the necessary motor and coordination qualities; adaptation processes to physical and mental stress; directed development of character traits and personality traits; general physical development of those involved; increase of working capacity, vitality and health level, long-term programs of comprehension of possibilities of development of the personality in the spiritual and physical plan through karate lessons.

The main tasks of karate as academic discipline is a generalization of practical experience, a didactic description of the development of the subject, an understanding of the essence of the system of classes, the development of optimal methods for managing and organizing educational educational process, the formation of health-saving technologies.

Be sure to note the specific influence on karate classes of a number of sciences: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, anthropology, acmeology, sociology, physiology, biochemistry, biomechanics. Their laws and patterns directly affect the development of karate in all its manifestations.

4. Factors causing the emergence and development of karate

A careful study of karate as an activity raises the question of what determined its appearance, provides high interest and functioning at the present time and will contribute to development in the future.

The phenomenon of karate is an unusually multifaceted, multi-complex and multifunctional phenomenon that occupies a very special place in the cultural space of modern civilization. An objective and impartial assessment of its enormous creative potential, so far only partially and most often spontaneously realized in the life of the vast minority and not used by the overwhelming majority of the population of our planet, allows us to identify the main features and essence of this phenomenality and exclusivity.

Firstly, karate classes and (or) physical activities close to it by nature are an irreplaceable and irreplaceable way of organizing a natural, natural balanced process of maintaining homeostasis, as a vital condition for the formation, preservation and strengthening of physical, spiritual and moral health of a person.

Secondly, human communications formed in the course of karate classes become a natural and adequate to the needs and capabilities of the individual as an incentive for its socialization, the formation of its own style of behavior in society, which is necessary to achieve success in life orientation, audacity and restrictions.

Thirdly, the world of karate, in general, is increasingly becoming a serious factor and an ever-increasing incentive for the formation of universal human values ​​of the culture of modern civilization in its most diverse components: from the general culture of life to numerous aspects of social life, including science, art, business, politics. , information, human emotions, ethics, law, etc.

At present, karate is an integral part of the general culture and belongs to the martial arts. The integrity and diversity of social life is determined by the interconnections of subsystems, where one of these subsystems is the activity and practice of karate.

The history of martial arts goes back thousands of years. Karate, in all likelihood, could not have existed for so long if it were not for something more than a set of wrestling techniques. His vitality and universal respect for him arise from the organic fusion of formal techniques with a deeper spiritual meaning of techniques as a means of self-development and self-affirmation in the highest sense, as a way and means of improving the character and developing the personality.

Since ancient times, when people had to survive in extreme conditions, martial arts had only practical applied value. Their successful application ensured victory in a deadly battle. With the development of the productive forces, the economic foundations of society changed. Wars have taken on a different character. But the need for the training of physically developed, courageous, courageous, disciplined fighters has only increased. And in their preparation, the martial arts system played a huge role. Let us recall examples of the development of states: Sparta, Rome, Byzantium, England, France, China, Mongolia, Japan, etc.

It is known from the history of martial arts that the ancient Greeks were one of the first to introduce martial arts into sports and called them pankration. Having given the status of social significance to the victories and winners in the martial arts pankration, they became the property of society and firmly entered its culture as the culture of the nation.

Since then, martial arts, including karate, have been the property of society and part of its culture.

As the founder of karate-kyokushin, the famous Masutatsu Oyama, writes: “Karate is an unarmed fight, and we have advanced quite far from that war, when peoples waged wars without weapons. In a battle, karate is a weak substitute for weapons, even a staff or an arrow. The ultimate goal of karate is rather the development of the best qualities of human character than the mere development of the strength of people to resist physical enemies.But karate, of course, develops devotion, courage and other qualities inherent in warriors.

When analyzing the influence of society's living conditions on karate, several groups of factors arise: general cultural and socio-economic conditions, personal factors, national, geographical and climatic conditions of the regions, the population's time budget,

General cultural factors. Socially significant values ​​and the mentality of each nation and people leave their mark on karate as a kind of general cultural activity. Any style of karate is patented and is private property. The international requirements of the Kyokushin style are determined by special regulatory requirements. The language of general style movements is clear to every karateka. But each country has its own attitude to karate. The ideology and politics of different countries leaves its imprints on the development of any sports activity. In the USSR, there was a period of a ban on karate classes with administrative and criminal liability. Culture affects the activities and how they are perceived by the public. The level of culture determines the values ​​and priorities for the development of a particular sport. In some countries, karate is developed with the help of public organizations and private structures, without state support.

In Russia, since 1991, karate has been introduced into the state programs of physical education of the population and included in the unified All-Russian classification as a sport.

In 2005, in order to improve the quality of work and provide state support, the Russian Union of Martial Arts was created, which brought together the most popular martial arts. The main goal of the RSBI is the unification and state support of all martial arts in Russia. They include all known styles of karate. Which before that developed specifically, and independently adapted to survive in difficult economic conditions, on the full cost-accounting of the financial and economic activities of each organization or federation.

Socio-economic factors. Undoubtedly, the conditions and quality of life affect the life of the individual. At present, most of the All-Russian Karate Federations are public organizations and operate on full self-support. Usually such a system of financial support for public organizations, karate federations works. An All-Russian public organization is registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia if it has more than 40 regions of the Russian Federation. Each region annually pays membership fees and other forms of payment for participation in the federation's calendar events (competitions, training camps, seminars). The economic opportunities of the regions of Russia are different, as well as their sports potential. The levels of development of the regions are clearly manifested at the competitions.

In Russia, the existing classification provides for the presence of sports categories and titles. The international classification provides for a belt system of distinctions and achievements in karate. Such concepts as black belt, first dan, sensei are understandable for a narrow circle of people. And the titles of master of sports, honored coach, specialist with higher physical education are accepted by all state educational structures. Law on physical culture and sports of the Russian Federation Art. 28 states that sports activities can be conducted by specialists with a special physical education secondary or higher education. In practice, this law is implemented only in state bodies, in private or public sports organizations that develop karate, people who do not have a special physical education often work.

Karate as a sport does not require large material costs. The study of techniques can be practiced in any sports halls, playgrounds, park areas and other public places. Especially at the initial stages of learning karate. Further sports specialization, participation in competitions, in training camps require additional financial costs. The equipment of sports halls with high-quality equipment and equipment effectively contributes to the growth of sports results.

Karate has its own positive feature that contributes to the growth of popularity. This is the technical level involved. To increase it requires the efforts of personal labor and free time. Everyone can improve their technical level, but not everyone can successfully compete in competitions. A form of improving the technical level is surrender to belts.

The rapid development of karate in Russia is explained by the following:

Technical actions in karate are unusual and spectacular;

The preparation of athletes is multifaceted, in physical sense all muscle groups develop;

The health-improving possibilities of karate are multifunctional and contribute to the prevention of various diseases;

Features of the educational process in karate make it possible to successfully master technical skills for various categories of people, regardless of age;

perspective personal growth through karate classes, it grows every year, since the art of waging a duel can always be improved. So age doesn't matter;

The range of movements in karate is extremely large, novelty and variety guarantee a high interest of those involved;

A variety of types (kata, kumite, temi-shiwari) allows people with different physical and mental abilities to practice karate;

The applied possibilities of karate in the field of self-defense became available to various categories of citizens.

The negative side of the existing styles of karate is the lack of a single competition for everyone. The principle of sportiness for all those who want to try their hand at karate competitions, as in other sports, is absent. Each federation has its own calendar plan. Despite the similar competition rules (all federations of Kyokushin, Ashihara Karate, Oyama Karate, etc.), there is still no common sports practice in the regions for selection for competitions for everyone, as in other sports. That is, competitions are held within the federation with no further prospect of participation in top-level competitions for athletes who are not part of this organization. The use of the practice of unified starts for everyone will significantly increase competition among the participants and, as a result, the level of the event and the sports result.

Influence of personal factors. All activities in the study of karate come down to influencing the personality. It has been proved that successful activity is important for every person, where there is a positive dynamics in the development of all his capabilities and abilities: anatomical, physiological, mental and social.

Karate is more than a sport. The system of values ​​and traditions makes it possible to effectively educate and develop not only physical qualities, but also the inner content of each athlete.

The path of a student of the Kyokushinkai school begins with high discipline, intense training and education of moral and spiritual qualities. A kind of spiritual oath, developed by the center of the International Kyokushinkai Organization, includes seven commandments that determine the path to achieve physical perfection and spiritual stamina.

In the training program for beginner karatekas, these commandments were as follows:

"1. We will train our hearts and bodies to achieve a firm and unwavering spirit.

2. We will firmly follow the true meaning of the chosen path, so that our feelings are always ready.

3. With true perseverance, we will strive for self-affirmation in the art of karate.

4. We will strictly observe the rules of etiquette, respect for elders and refraining from violence. We will never attack first, but we are always ready to defend against an attack by the available means allowed by the karateka.

5. We will strictly follow the commandments of our high mentors and never forget the true virtue - modesty.

6. We will strive for wisdom and strength, not knowing the desires of evil and violence.

7. Throughout our lives, through the comprehension of karate, we will strive to fulfill the true purpose of the Kyokushin path.

In these commandments, the idea of ​​refraining from violence is constantly carried. In a situation of self-defense, when an unexpected attack violates the harmony of the mind and body of a karateka, he, committing retribution in accordance with the degree of disturbance of his peace, acts without any selfish motives. The karateka restores the harmony of spirit and body that he has found, violated by unprovoked interference from outside.

The principle of refraining from violence is linked to ethics social behavior, the moral code established in the karate system. These are the principles of social behavior, developed by a rigid system of classical training and life of high-class masters in the initial training of karatekas, the main task of which is physical and spiritual improvement while maintaining and increasing potential health reserves.

Karate as a whole, as a type of martial arts, has now established itself as one of the most reliable self-defense systems. According to the prevailing technique and tactical features, karate develops as an antipode to one of ancient species wrestling - jiu-jitsu (our analogue of this system is traditional sambo). Mostly, striking technique is simpler and more accessible than, for example, grab-and-throw techniques, which require lengthy preparation for their execution. In the application of karate techniques, the advantages of the opponent are of less importance - weight, height, which, with a lack of skill in performing captures, throws, and holds, can become a serious obstacle for a fighter. The high speed of combat in karate, the swiftness of movements, withdrawals, change of distance allow you to effectively confront several opponents, quickly stop dangerous actions and resolutely seize the initiative. It is also significant that, by tempering the whole body and turning it into a weapon, karate allows you to naturally expand the capabilities of a fighter through the use of various objects and edged weapons, as if continuing and strengthening the human body.

The shock-protective technique performed with bare hands is interconnected with the one in which various objects are used.

It is clear from psychology that a person's behavior is determined by his needs. Needs are conscious or unconscious stimuli to action. Dissatisfaction with the needs in social life can lead to the satisfaction of needs in the field of karate. Conscious personal needs (motives, aspirations, goals) can also act as incentives for karate classes: health promotion, preparation for labor activity and military service, communication, acquisition of specialized skills and abilities. A motive is a conscious reason for a person's activity, aimed at achieving a goal.

Karate classes are influenced by two groups of factors: internal and external.

External factors influencing a person during karate classes can be divided into macro-social - social external, distant environment (insufficient propaganda of karate from government agencies; existing anti-social values ​​from the environment, etc.);

Microsocial - family inner circle (lack of contact between the coach and parents; lack of a positive example in the family; lack of money for a normal existence. No money for normal food, travel, appropriate clothing for the season; difference in relations between the sports team and the family, especially during the period of adaptation ).

Internal factors are divided into:

Individual congenital (weak physical development; poor health; low level motor activity; low level of development of mental qualities; limited resource of physical activity of those involved);

Personal acquired (children's lack of knowledge about correct behavior in training or class; a small amount of knowledge in the field of physical culture; lack of habit to work; possible bad habits. Possible use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco; lack of positive experience in physical education or sports activities; lack of any goals in life; lack of socially useful authorities; lack of proper interest in classes, misunderstanding and unwillingness to improve their health; lack of elementary theoretical knowledge of anatomy, hygiene, healthy lifestyle; low level of basic learning skills. Hence the fear of being misunderstood or ridiculed by comrades; the ability to express oneself, build relationships with other people is poorly developed or deformed; the stereotype of thinking about future martial arts does not correspond to reality).

Unlike other sports and sports specializations where nature plays an important role, in karate there are levels of compensation.

Compensation levels - effective use their physical and intellectual abilities in the process of practicing karate.

For example: an athlete, in the presence of strength qualities, can use a powerful blow to defeat; in the presence of high level speed to use the technique of attacking and counterattacking actions; in the presence of a high level of special endurance, build a duel on the tempo of constant striking. This concept has something in common with the tactics of conducting a duel.

Time budget as a factor for karate practice. The economic level of a society determines the material income of its members. High advanced technologies of developed countries can significantly improve the financial situation of citizens. The policy of developed countries is aimed at improving the quality and safety of life of all its members.

In Russia, the main contingent of students involved general education schools and students. The studies conducted by the authors revealed that out of 100% of those involved in karate, 62% are schoolchildren, 26% are students and 12% are other categories of citizens.

The category of adult citizens of Russia does not have a sufficient budget for active karate training, due to a number of emerging problems: material support for the family, low wages, a small number of specialized sports bases and premises, insufficient administrative resources to promote the development of martial arts.

Geographic, climatic, and national conditions. Millions of people around the world practice karate. Many of them are black belt holders and take part in various competitions. The most prestigious Karate Championship is the Kyokushin World Championship. The history of the Kyokushin Karate World Championships begins in 1975. It is held every four years and is called the "Olympic Games" in karate. The geography of participants in the World Karate Championships is extensive. The Kyokushin World Championship brings together more than 120 countries. Statistics of sports results shown by athletes reveals the leading countries. In the world - this is Japan (the birthplace of the Kyokushin style and sport), Brazil, Canada, England, Russia, America, Holland. In Europe, Russia, Holland, England.

Does your child know how to achieve success in life? How to improve school performance? How to protect yourself from drugs? How to develop physically and spiritually to make the most of your abilities?

Children who attend our classes are simply doomed to achieve success in life, because with early years we teach them such concepts as PURPOSE, SELF-Dignity, DISCIPLINE, RESPECT, PERSISTENCE, and RESISTANCE. And most importantly, the character traits that your children will acquire as a result of our classes will help them for the rest of their lives!

Dear Parents:

Parents always want the best for their children, but how do you prepare them for the challenges they face in today's world? What are you doing to motivate the child, accustom him to discipline and proper attitude to any business? But this is the most necessary thing for achieving success in life. It is not easy to teach all this to a child, because this kind of education is not given in our schools. The street will not give such knowledge. And to our shame, the old ones have been destroyed, but new public organizations have not appeared, which are called upon to unite our children and prepare them for the future life. In fact, this is simply a crime, since teaching children from an early age skills such as the ability to set a goal and then strive to achieve it, developing character traits such as self-confidence and self-esteem from a young age, will have the greatest impact on a child's achievement in later life.

Over the years, we have seen hundreds of children who have recovered
benefit from our activities.

• Overweight kids who have lost a couple of pounds with self-discipline and exercise, and in return have gained self-confidence and self-respect.
• Smart kids who didn’t get bored in school, but we taught them to set new goals and achieve even more.
• Unbridled children who have learned to focus and direct their energy in the right direction.
• And the introverted, shy kids we managed to get out of their shells.

All of these children and hundreds of others who attended our school through our unique program have laid the foundation for future success in life. Just as it is impossible to forget how to swim and ride a bicycle, the skills to achieve success once invested in a child will forever remain with him. And the fruits of this knowledge will be reaped by them for the rest of their lives. A life filled with joy and pride from your accomplishments backed by good health and well-being. Where will your children be taught such wonderful things?

The answer to this question is our special program called "Towards Leadership And Life Skills Through Karate" which is taught at our Karate school. As a father of a child myself, I feel that I have a huge responsibility to ensure that my child becomes self-confident, persistent and disciplined, which will lead him to success in school, in sports and in life.

Through our unique Karate School program, which includes body and mind development, wellness and lots of fun, your child will acquire all the key character traits necessary to succeed in life. And although more traditional aspects martial arts such as self-defense and self-defense are of course important in today's world, perhaps the most important aspect of our program is not so much its physical part as it is spiritual.

Our Towards Leadership & Life Skills Through Karate program will develop in your child the basic traits necessary for success and happiness in the future, namely:

• The self-confidence and self-esteem to raise your hand in class and ask questions and thus learn when others are shy.
• We will teach your child how to make an effort and be persistent in achieving a goal. Our students say “I CAN” when faced with a new problem or difficulty instead of saying “I CAN'T”
• We teach children the importance of pursuing knowledge and teach them the most important skill they need to be successful: goal setting.
• Studying with us, your child will learn to focus, concentrate, he will become more disciplined, which will help him improve his grades at school.
• Classes at the Karate school will help your child develop physically. Our program develops mobility, endurance and strength in children. They improve coordination, balance and reaction, and as a result, the child manifests himself better in a wide variety of activities.
• In conclusion, I will say that we are trying to interest the child, develop a desire in him, teach him to focus on the goal, and this is the most important thing for success not only in school, but also outside it.

Perhaps the most terrifying problem for parents today is the thought that their child may be affected by drugs. Children begin taking drugs at an increasingly young age. These children are mostly from wealthy families. And the number of such children is amazing. At our karate school, programs are designed to develop a child's self-confidence and self-esteem, which will give him the courage to say NO to all bad suggestions and resist peer pressure. Recent studies have shown that activities that focus on personal achievement, which is what martial arts are, are much more effective in combating this problem than any other activity.

Our classes will teach your child to notice and avoid danger.

There is another reason for attending our school… Unfortunately, we live in a world full of bad people. Karate School will teach your child how to see and avoid danger. What to do in an emergency, how to provide first aid and, if necessary, how to protect yourself from danger. These invaluable skills will not only boost a child's self-confidence, but may even save their life. And the best part about our program is that classes and learning are FUN and JOY.

Our Karate school is the only place where the environment itself makes classes interesting, varied and fun!

The environment in the hall will help your child develop physically, spiritually and socially. Due to the fact that your child will be surrounded by other children with similar goals and aspirations, he will make real friends and join a healthy team.

Personal attention to each child and
pedagogical skill of instructors is the basis
training in our karate school.

Remember what Tigger said in Winnie the Pooh: “The most wonderful thing about tigers is that I am the one and only tiger!” It is this special attention to the unique personality and needs of each child that sets the instructors at our Karate school apart from all others. Everyone in our school is given personal attention, and the basis of all this is the pedagogical skill of the instructors. Keeping all this in mind, it is not surprising that the guys studying at our school confidently go through life and succeed in everything!

Let not only our words convince you of this.Just listen to what other parents have to say about our Karate school program.

Hundreds of parents have already experienced the positive impact of our classes on their children. And the best way for you to get to know our program is to experience it for yourself.

Having embarked on the path of self-improvement, you must clearly realize that achieving the most insignificant result will require you to concentrate your spiritual and physical strength, and, of course, a lot of time.

The formation of the most superficial idea of ​​the school takes about one month. Indeed, in 3-4 trainings it is impossible to get acquainted with those sections of Karate that will be studied, it is impossible to test different methods and types of the training process, to get acquainted with those who are engaged with you in the same group. And, of course, it is impossible to get an idea of ​​our Federation, to be imbued with its traditions and learn about its glorious history. If, however, set a goal to enter into a friendly family of students of Kyokushinkai Karate, then measuring time in weeks or even months does not make sense.

The entire methodology, tested by 12 years of work of our Federation, consists of monthly, semi-annual and annual training cycles. The leadership of the Federation believes that this particular technique is exactly the foundation on which it has been possible to bring up more than one generation of champions not only in sports, but also in life.

keywords: research, physical education, karate, physical, scientific

One of the most important and priority scientific directions research in the field of physical education of schoolchildren - the search and justification of innovative technologies and methods built on sports-oriented forms of organization of physical and sports education, the expanded use of non-traditional means of physical culture and sports in the holistic process of child development (V.K. Balsevich, 1995; A. N. Kondratiev, 2005; L. I. Lubysheva, 1995, 2005; V. I. Lyakh, V. Ya. Kopylov, 1998).

Conversional penetration of elements of sports culture into physical culture according to the concept of V.K. Balsevich (1995) creates objective conditions for the intensification of the psychophysical training of children and adolescents. At the same time, the orientation towards the formation of physical education as a complex of actualized values ​​of physical culture, adequate to the interests, inclinations, needs, potential opportunities for improving schoolchildren in one or another form of sports or physical culture activity.

According to scientists and practitioners, at present there is a significant decrease in children's interest in physical exercises, and in general, there is a decrease in motor activity in first graders (on average by 50% compared to preschoolers). The main negative points are: conservatism and authoritarianism of physical culture lessons, uniformity of physical exercises used, low motor density of lessons in general in the conditions of using various physical exercises aimed at developing physical qualities and motor-coordinating abilities, lack of the necessary training effect, classifications of children by typological groups, taking into account the level of development of physical qualities (V.K. Balsevich, L.I. Lubysheva, 2004).

Analysis of the results of studies conducted in the years. Surgut and Tchaikovsky, made it possible to modernize the physical education of first grade students based on the inclusion in the content of the lesson (in the variable part of the program) of traditional karate tools, which are distinguished by a large arsenal of emotional, interesting and accessible movements and movements for both boys and girls. This will not only significantly increase the overall motor experience, but will also have an effective impact on physical and mental health, on the development of speed and speed-strength qualities and motor-coordination abilities.

For this purpose, we have developed a conceptual model of pedagogical health-forming technology based onusing elements of traditional karate in a physical education lesson junior schoolchildren(Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Model of innovative health-forming technology of physical education of junior schoolchildren

This technology involved the development of the content and methods of organizing the activities of younger students.

Implementing the pedagogical health-forming technology of physical education of younger schoolchildren, we proceeded from the following methodological assumptions:

Innovative technology is considered by us as a qualitative systemic and dynamic process based on the general cultural development of the student; as a factor in optimizing the mode of the school day; as an integral part of the entire educational process educational institution, defining its cultural space, performing educational, upbringing and developing (improving) functions;

- The main goal of the health-forming technology is the formation of the physical culture of the personality of a junior schoolchild.

In the experimental program, the processes of recovery, education, and upbringing are inseparable from each other, since the technology used is based on the idea of ​​not only education, but also the strengthening of psychophysical health, the development of the moral, aesthetic consciousness of the child, instilling the skills of a culture of behavior, increasing efficiency social interaction through which the socialization of thinking, the formation of personality.

The structural and logical analysis carried out by us made it possible to determine the functional content of the components of this technology, its practical use on the basis of municipal educational institutions- secondary schools No. 8 and No. 14 in Tula.

organizational component. Organizational measures of the experimental part of the work contained a set of appropriate effects on the conditions learning activities and outdoor activities, which allowed solving issues related to the coordination joint activities teachers of various subjects, aimed at optimizing the educational process: ensuring an adequate educational regime, rationalizing educational and extracurricular work, recreational activities, etc.

Organizational measures within the framework of the pedagogical experiment include: scheduling lessons taking into account the time of the end of the school day, rationalizing the use of lesson time in order to include a variant component in volume, conducting training sessions by a teacher who knows the methodology of traditional karate; acquisition of a special uniform (kimono), control of the hygienic condition of the gym (floor surface, wet cleaning right before the lesson, proper air temperature).

methodological component. The methodological measures of the experimental part of the work were represented by a set of relevant influences that determine the content of the variable component of a physical education lesson, means and methods of teaching traditional karate with an optimal combination of the educational minimum.

The methodological measures within the framework of the pedagogical experiment include: the development of a curriculum for the physical education of younger students using elements of traditional karate, limiting the volume and intensity of training loads according to age and physical condition subjects, determination of the content of the variable component (selection of traditional karate techniques that are acceptable for study and training at primary school age), development of a technical readiness assessment system.

To implement the proposed technology, we have developed a curriculum based on the modern provisions of school pedagogy, developmental psychology and physiology, the theory and practice of physical education, as well as the main components (basic and variable) of the current physical education program for grades 1-11 with directed development of motor abilities (A.P. Matveev, T.V. Petrova, 2002).

The educational material of this program was compiled taking into account the peculiarities of the development of younger schoolchildren, their mobility, the relative speed of recovery processes, the insufficiency of the development of inhibition processes and the incompleteness of the formation of organs, systems and the whole organism as a whole. At the same time, when choosing methods for teaching motor actions, we were guided by the scientific provisions of V.K. Balsevich (1992) about the priority of training as the most effective way development and improvement of physical qualities. This is especially important for a significant increase in the effectiveness of physical education of children and adolescents, in which until now the leading place has been given only to teaching motor skills and abilities in the development of various physical exercises.

The organizational form of physical education remained physical culture lesson model as the best known to students. Considering the methodological aspect of mastering innovative methodology, it should be noted that the training process in the conditions of lessons during school year was determined by the tasks of mastering the program material, in the variable component of which all the priority means and methods of traditional karate were built as complete micro-, meso- and macrocycles.

As the main criterion that determined the content of the educational and training material, the target was chosen for the full development of physical education activities by students, reflecting the relationship of the health-improving, educational and educational orientation of the educational process.

Thus, the logic of the research made it possible to conduct a pedagogical experiment, the purpose of which was to test the effectiveness of the content of sportsized physical education classes with 1st grade students using traditional karate.

In the experiment, the method of parallel groups was used, 118 students of the 1st grade were selected, who, after control and pedagogical tests of physical development and physical fitness, were divided into relatively homogeneous groups - two experimental groups (EG): boys (n= 30) and girls ( n= 30) and two controls (CG): boys (n= 28) and girls (n= 30). In the CG, the lessons were conducted in accordance with the current program recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the work of school educational institutions (A.P. Matveev, T.V. Petrova, 2002). In the EG physical culture lessons were held according to the developed author's program (Tables 1, 2).

For the first time, the means and elements of traditional karate movements were introduced into the experimental program (in the variable component), which effectively affect the development of the speed of individual movements (arms, legs), speed-strength qualities, various manifestations of motor coordination, and the harmonious development of the child's personality.

A feature of the proposed health-forming technology is the possibility of using the means of traditional karate along with the fulfillment of the requirements of the mandatory educational minimum without increasing the number of hours. The implementation of these components is achieved using the following conditions:

1. In the basic curriculum of general educational institutions of the Russian Federation, 2 hours per week are allocated for the study of the educational field "Physical Education" in the invariant part, of which 10% is for the regional component.

2. The purpose of teaching the educational field "Physical culture" is the formation of the physical culture of the student's personality by mastering the basics of the content of physical activity with a general developmental focus.

In accordance with the goal of the educational area "Physical Culture", the objectives of the subject are formulated, which are in many respects similar to the objectives of the variable part we propose and are reflected in the content of the above program:

Expansion of motor experience by complicating previously mastered movements and mastering new, increased coordination complexity;

Formation of skills and abilities in performing physical exercises of various pedagogical orientations related to health prevention, physique correction, correct posture and movement culture;

Expansion of functionality of systems organism, increasing its adaptive properties due to the directed development of basic physical qualities;

Formation of practical skills necessary for the organization of independent physical exercises in their health-improving and recreational forms, group interaction through outdoor games and competition elements;

Focus on the implementation of the principle of variability.

Table 1.Distribution study load at a lesson in physical culture for first-graders under an experimental program

3. Expanding the content of educational material through the use of elements of traditional karate allows motivating students to engage in physical education, as a result of which it increases their efficiency and concentration in the lesson. These circumstances give the teacher the opportunity to increase the density of the physical education lesson by 15%.

Summarizing the above, we can draw the following conclusion. Using the time allotted for the regional component, the possibility of simultaneously solving similar problems of the basic and variable parts of the lesson, as well as increasing its density, the physical education teacher receives the necessary conditions for the implementation of the proposed technology. In percentage terms, the basic part of the lesson is 60% of the total time, the variable part is 40%, which is confirmed by the results of the timing of training sessions conducted using innovative technology. The elements of traditional karate are harmoniously distributed in all parts of the lesson and not only do not interfere with the fulfillment of the educational minimum, but, on the contrary, contribute to solving common pedagogical problems.

The developed technology made it possible to increase the physical activity of children, thereby actively motivating them to engage in physical culture, and to improve the health level of younger schoolchildren.

The main results of the study and their discussion. Any pedagogical technology requires diagnostic targeting and objective quality control of the pedagogical process, aimed at developing the student's personality as a whole.

In this regard, the criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the experimental health-forming technology was changes in the indicators of physical development, physical fitness, psychomotor, development of mental processes and motivational sphere younger students throughout the entire period of study.

Study of the physical development of 1st grade students. During the experiment, anthropometric measurements of younger schoolchildren were carried out (height, weight, chest circumference - CG). Individual and average values ​​of the studied somatometric signs before and after the experiment corresponded to the average statistical data for Russia. During the experiment, the body length of girls and boys increased by an average of 5 cm, body weight - by 3 kg, chest circumference - by 1 - 1.3 cm.

Nevertheless, when comparing the arithmetic mean indicators of the physical development of children from the CG and the EG, no significant differences in weight and body length were found either before or after the experiment (p>0.05).

At the same time, it should be noted that the students from the EG compared with the children from the CG had a better dynamics of OGK indicators (Tables 3, 4). So, the boys of the EG, who hadbefore the experiment, significantly lower values ​​of the studied trait, at the end of the experiment, leveled off in this indicator with their peers from the CG (from 59.78±0.06 to 61.15±0.05). The mean values ​​of OGK of girls from both groups did not differ statistically before the experiment. However, after the experiment, the same indicator for schoolgirls who studied using the experimental technology became significantly higher by 1.03 cm (p<0,001).

Table 2.The content of the sections of the basic and variable components of the lesson of physical culture using elements of traditional karate

Table 3

Table 4

From physiometric indicators, we studied the strength of the hand of the leading hand and the vital capacity of the lungs (VC). Before the experiment, these indicators in children of both groups did not differ significantly. During the experiment, in girls and boys from the CG, they did not change significantly, while their peers from the EG showed noticeable increases: VC - by 446.37 ml in boys, by 383.3 ml in girls; hand strength - by 1.09 kg for boys, by 1.20 kg for girls.

In our opinion, the higher increases in the indicators of WGC and VC in schoolchildren from the EG compared with students from the CG are due to the use of breathing exercises in the process of teaching the elements of traditional karate.

The influence of health-forming technology on the physical fitness of junior schoolchildren. Comparison of the dynamics of motor abilities of junior schoolchildren from the EG and CG showed that in children studying according to the experimental program, the increase in results characterizing the development of flexibility, speed-strength, coordination abilities is significantly higher (p< 0,05, p < 0,001).

Statistically significant changes in both boys and girls in the EG in comparison with the CG were observed in the tests: "Throwing a stuffed ball", "Strength of the abdominal muscles", "Torso tilt from a standing position", "Split", "Pulling up on a low crossbar ", "Stepping over a gymnastic stick", "Long jump from a place". The smallest increase was noted in motor tests: "Running 30 m", "Running to numbered balls" (p > 0.05).

This is consistent with the literature data that primary school age is a sensitive period for the development of flexibility, speed-strength qualities, and coordination abilities.

In the course of control measurements, a significant scatter was recorded individual indicators the development of motor abilities, especially coordination ones, this indicates the role of the genetic factor in the development of younger children school age.

The results of changes in the physical fitness of children of primary school age during the experiment are given in Table. 5 and 6.

It can be seen from the tables that a significant increase in the indicators of schoolchildren from the EG compared to the CG occurred in seven tests out of nine.

High growth rates of flexibility indicators in the EG, in our opinion, testify to the effective impact of the experimental technique. Purposeful selection of exercises for flexibility in each karate lesson ensured sufficient development of the above abilities of younger students.

In the exercises that characterize the speed of running and the ability to orientate in space, there were no significant differences in the increase in average results in the EG and CG in boys and girls. However, even in these motor tasks in the EG there was more high score at the end of the year, which, in our opinion, can be explained by a rationally selected and distributed load of a certain nature in the EG.

I found a very good article in my opinion about teaching karate to children.

Before talking about the possibility or impossibility of teaching style karate to young children under the age of 7, let's try to figure out what style karate is as an object of study, what a child is as a subject of training and how it differs in this regard from an adult.
Karate is one of the Japanese self defense systems. The basis of the technical arsenal of karate is punches and kicks, but along with this, the technique of throws (nage-waza), painful effects on the joints (kansetsu-waza), strikes on vital points of the human body, etc. is used.
Through the centuries of formation and practice, karate has been transformed into a martial art by synthesizing technique with the philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic principles upon which Japanese culture has been based.
Leaving philosophical and ethical aspects aside, let's talk about technology. Karate classes usually begin with learning the technique. The whole technique of karate is based on the sharpness of movement and on the concentration of energy at the right moment, giving power to the blow. Movements should be energy efficient and optimal from the point of view of biodynamics. To develop this type of movements, it is necessary not only to understand their mechanism, but also to break the motor stereotypes that have developed by the time the training begins.

The karate training program consists of three compulsory sections: kihon, kata and kumite.
Kihon are basic attacking and defensive movements extracted from kata and their combinations based on different movement techniques.
Kata are formalized complexes, the performance of which is standardized in karate.
Kumite - an exercise with a partner, a fight with an opponent.
All three sections are studied in parallel. A person who is not only physically well prepared (trained), but also has a developed intellect and certain character traits can step over the student level in style karate. The process of learning karate can be effective and fast enough if the student is able not only to memorize, but also to analyze and self-correct.

Ordinary children, not geeks (the vast majority of them), and it is them that we teach karate, are not capable of complex logical constructions. Their level of thinking is called prelogical. They only accept specifics. If you want the perception of a small child to be clear, i.e. in order for him to remember all the details, the amount of information offered to him should be very small. The child remembers information figuratively, so it should be presented to him in a form convenient for this. In what, depends on the way of perception of a particular child. This method can be established by observation or special testing to identify modality (method of perception and memorization).
According to the way of perception and memorization, people - including young children, in whom this is especially pronounced - are divided into the so-called visuals (perceiving mainly visually, remembering the visual image), auditory (perceiving mainly from words, remembering the speech image), and kinesthetics (perceiving mainly through movement, with a well-developed "muscle" memory). There is also a fourth group - discretes, which do not belong to any of these groups, but they are few, and in our practice we have not encountered them.
When classes are held in a group, this group will always contain owners of different modalities. Therefore, in karate classes, it is necessary not only to show, but also to describe in words each movement. In this case, you need to use an image understandable to the child. If one of the children still does not understand anything and does everything wrong, then most likely you have a kinesthetic in front of you. You need to approach him, place his legs correctly and make the required movement with his hands or feet, let him feel how the muscles work. It is imperative to show and give the opportunity to feel what this movement is for. If the movement is well felt, the kinesthetic will remember it very well, even better than the visual or auditory, despite the fact that it "reaches" it more slowly.
The difference in modalities is one of the reasons why karate can be practiced productively with children only in small groups - no more than 10 people per instructor. Almost every child requires personal attention and an individual approach.
It is much easier to teach an adult who has a conceptual apparatus, developed logic and the ability to structure material, who knows how to control his attention (by the way, small children do not know how to do this, and their attention has to be controlled for them), who has the motivation to learning (children rarely have motivation, at best, parents have it. And the child just suddenly “wanted.” And after an hour he “got sick”) and volitional control (children don’t have it at all, there is only a mood that the teacher has to create ). In addition, an adult himself knows what he needs to do in order to memorize information - he has already intuitively developed a memorization technique that corresponds to the characteristics of his perception. Therefore, an adult can be offered a sufficiently large volume of material for assimilation. For the same reason, classes with adults can last about two hours, and with kids - usually no more than an hour. Most of the lesson should take place in the form of games, the information load should be increased gradually.
The child perceives information holistically. For example, completely Small child may not understand the words addressed to him, but he will most likely understand the general meaning of the appeal. The fact is that the main part of the information comes non-verbally, i.e. apart from words. An adult, thanks to his experience of verbal communication, first of all begins to comprehend the words themselves. And the baby will first of all perceive intonation, facial expressions, body movements, posture (the so-called "body hieroglyph"), voice timbre, etc. And he will immediately understand that an adult will reach some time later. For example - "this uncle pretends to be angry, but in fact he is kind", or - "aunt wants to seem kind, but in fact she is bad." Not because the child is so smart, and adults are fools, but because he is not yet properly able to analyze another layer of information. A specially trained adult can also analyze the non-verbal part of the information, but, unlike a child, intelligently manage this process.
From this we can draw the following conclusions.

First: If the instructor comes to a lesson in a children's group in a bad mood, or feels unwell, cannot concentrate, experiences negative emotions, children will instantly feel it, and it will become impossible to manage the group. Therefore, the self-control of an instructor who teaches classes with young children should be ideal.
Second: young children who have not yet developed enough speech apparatus- i.e. up to 4 years of age - you can, of course, teach simple things, including preparing for karate classes. But such training can only be carried out individually.

Children's perception is different, as you know, brightness. We say: freshness of perception. Let's try to analyze this phenomenon. What does it mean - brightness and freshness of perception? In fact, everything is quite simple. The child does not yet have a picture of the world, which is essentially a template. Including - a pattern of perception. Between the perceived images and phenomena, the child has not yet established connections, so the world seems strange, amazing, excitingly interesting, so the images are literally imprinted in memory. Think back: what do you remember best? Something that surprises and amazes. Which is accompanied by strong emotion. So, the child is surprised by everything and everything is accompanied by emotions. Therefore, his impressions are vivid. But what the child already knows about, what it is, about which it was explained to him that it is “so-and-so”, ceases to arouse interest and attract attention. In childhood, patterns are formed very quickly, and they turn out to be extremely strong.
That's why, Firstly, in the classroom with young children, in no case should the same exercise be repeated many times in the same form - you simply will not force the children to do it properly, they will perform it purely formally, since they already "know everything" and they are not interested.
Secondly, you still need to constantly return to the past, showing the children that they do not know everything about it - preferably in such a form as to evoke surprise or an emotional response in children.
Third, if the child has already formed an incorrect pattern, for example, of performing some movement, it is necessary to put him in such conditions in which he will not be able to use this pattern and will have to control his actions himself. For example, if a child does not bend his knee while performing mae-geri keage (biting forward kick), you can put an obstacle (bench) in front of him or seat a partner at a certain distance, while so that the child cannot step back - for example with a wall behind you. Then, in order not to catch on to the obstacle, he will be forced to bend his knee while swinging his leg.
Karate, as we have said, is not a simple discipline. Comprehension greatly facilitates and speeds up the execution and memorization of movements. The better the thinking process is structured in a person, the easier it is to learn karate. People with technical education it is easier to learn karate than humanists, probably because of their inherent accuracy of thinking. No approximation in karate is allowed.
Another method is also widely used: gradual comprehension in the process of execution, as a result of repeated repetitions. In other words - "do until you understand." But in any case, in order to learn karate, understanding is necessary, whether it will be the starting point or appear as a consequence.
In order for the child to "go" the process of learning more or less complex actions, it is necessary for him to have:

• attention control (it must be brought up)

Control of their actions and their consistency with the actions of the instructor of the conceptual apparatus (it needs to be formed, and for this the child needs experience) logical thinking (the large hemispheres of the brain must go through the process of formation, in addition, the child needs to be helped learn to think, and not use ready-made templates- which is simpler) volitional control, or control of intention (achieved by education and self-education)

Without this, teaching complex subjects is impossible. The integrity of perception and the brightness of impressions is wonderful. But without understanding the interconnections, without the ability to differentiate and integrate - in other words, to break it into components and make up a whole from parts, without the ability to concentrate, nothing will fit in the head. Therefore, learning in a child has to be formed. Due to the peculiarities of children's perception and thinking, teaching children is a much more laborious and lengthy process than teaching adults.
Karate is called an art. You can, of course, call the drawings of a 5-year-old child art, but even if he is talented, you will not put them on a par with, say, Aivazovsky's The Ninth Wave. Rather, they can be called exercises in drawing. In the same way, we do not do karate as such with children, but lead-in and formative exercises, including basic technique. Because the basic technique in karate, in fact, is also a formative exercise. None of the highly qualified karate specialists fights with basic techniques - this requires other trajectories, speeds and rhythm.
Karate can be considered a science in some way. A science that man adapts not only to his mind, but also to his body. And at the same time he adapts to it: he teaches his body to work according to science.
Any style karate instructor knows that technique is neither late nor early age is not achieved by the "naturalness of movement". Natural movements for a child, as well as for any person, are those that he used to perform in his daily life, which preceded karate classes. That is, movements with the usual coordination for him. And the habitual coordination of many babies is such that they cannot even bring a spoon to their mouth without spilling it.
Of course, there are children who are dexterous by nature - unfortunately, they are a minority - but the coordination of karate movements for children is completely unusual, although it is optimal from the point of view of biodynamics. For example, a straight punch is a product of training, not a natural movement. The technique of such a blow has to be developed using special lead-up exercises. In the same way, one has to "set" the technique of racks, movements, kicks, blocking movements, etc. This is hard work, both for the child and for the instructor. But when karate coordination becomes habitual, the movements both look and feel more natural than those of an untrained person. This applies to any kind of specialized activity. So it turns out that naturalness is a product of fitness. And spontaneity is the result of naturalness.
Karate classes are very hampered by stereotypes. There are more problems with children in this regard than with adults. We may be objected: how so? After all, an adult always has big amount templates, he accumulated so many of them in his life that the child could not even dream of. And yet it is so. Because an adult can become aware of his patterns and consciously replace or transform them, but a child is not capable of this. The instructor has to do everything for him, you have to use a lot of special exercises to form new types of movements. At the same time, incorrect patterns “stick” to the child instantly, and if there is a pattern, the movement ceases to be conscious and cannot be controlled. Weaning a child from the wrong performance that has already become habitual for him is a very laborious task. Therefore, all basic movements are learned with children in divisions, with intermediate phases and control at each section of the trajectory. With the help of special exercises, the work of all parts of the body is synchronized.
For babies, volitional control over the movements of the peripheral parts of the body - the hands and feet - is always especially difficult. In most children, the arms from the wrists to the tips of the fingers and the legs below the lower leg exist as if on their own, children need to be taught to feel these muscles and control them voluntarily. If the instructor does not pay attention to this, most of the basic techniques will be performed incorrectly by children.
The instructor must understand and teach children that there is a pattern for performing movements, but there are specific options that depend on situations. Otherwise, in the future, the child will have problems with the variable use of technology and with the perception of various modifications that differ from the basic version.
The same approach should be developed in children and in relation to kata (specialized formalized exercises), which by no means can be considered a template. Rather, they can be compared with hieroglyphs.
A hieroglyph is a symbol that contains several semantic layers. In the same way, each kata has many semantic layers - ways of interpretation and application. Without practicing karate N-th number of years and without adapting this and all previous kata to your body and mind, it is impossible to learn how to perform it correctly - i.e. meaningful and technically sound. Behind the meaningful and technically competent performance of kata is the understanding that kata in karate is not an anachronism, but a method of teaching the biodynamic principles of karate, plasticity and rhythm.
Summarize.
Despite the fact that karate cannot be attributed to simple things, it is possible, necessary and useful to engage in style karate with young children.
First, acting carefully, you can significantly develop and improve the child's natural data - for example, flexibility, joint mobility.
Secondly, it is possible to correct the shortcomings of his coordination and correct the defects in the development of his musculoskeletal system, for this there are special exercises.
Thus, it is possible to save the child from physical defects that would impose restrictions on his technique. At a later age, such shortcomings have to be compensated using more accessible techniques from the arsenal of karate.
You can also master the basic technique with your child and learn the simplest student kata. This will take 3-4 years (for an adult - 1 year), but this will create the prerequisites for rapid progress in the future. For a child who has been practicing for a long time (several years), karate coordination becomes familiar, i.e. natural; in addition, a very important skill is developed - the quick and meaningful assimilation of new coordination
The child learns to breathe correctly, which is also very important for karate, as well as quickly move from muscle tension to relaxation, and vice versa. Children are usually more relaxed than adults, therefore, if their technique is well established, their speed of movement is higher than that of adults. For teaching Shotokan karate, where all the technique is built on speed, coordination and concentration at the right time, it is advisable to use it.

In addition, style karate classes under the guidance of a qualified instructor stimulate children mental development- they teach to focus attention, develop memory, teach the child to use the features and compensate for the shortcomings of his characteristic system of representation (the way of perceiving information), lead away from stereotypical thinking, develop both logical and figurative thinking, etc.

Classes in style karate influence the formation of a child's character - he becomes more self-confident, learns restraint, self-control, determination. The child will understand that the respect of others can only be achieved through work and adequate behavior. It has been noticed that in the children's group, not those children who are trying to attract attention in every possible way - they are just not taken seriously - but the most diligent and at the same time calm, who have the best technique, have the greatest authority.
We constantly repeat the words "style karate". All of the above does not apply to the so-called "simple" karate, "out-of-style" karate-do, "contact" karate, Russian karate, etc. You can understand karate in different ways and give it different definitions, but the basic principles of karate must be respected, otherwise it will not be karate.
If the child is engaged regularly and for a sufficient time, the result is always there, regardless of the initial data. Qualitative changes usually appear after a year of classes. Sustainable results can be achieved in 2.5 - 3 years.

By the results, we mean, first of all, a significant increase in learning ability (due to the departure from the usual stereotypes of perception, thinking and movement, the development of attention control), then - the possession of basic techniques, an increase in mental stability, and behavior correction. For most children, in order for the result to be pronounced, additional individual sessions, well, if the instructor has the opportunity to conduct them.

Regarding the expediency of practicing martial arts at an early age, the following can be added. First of all, parents need to decide what they want for their child. If they want him to grow up healthy, smart, become more plastic, learn self-regulation and exercises that he can do to maintain health and good shape all his life, become more calm and self-confident, then the child should be sent to style karate to a good instructor (not the champion). From boxing, a child’s health and ingenuity, you understand, will not increase (I have, for example, information that about 80% of boxing masters of sports are registered in psychiatric dispensaries), and no one will take a child into boxing from the age of 5 . In general, children are usually taken to sports from the age of 10 - 14, and not all of them, but only "promising". The method of training an athlete is built on the development natural qualities and not on educating the right ones.
It seems to us that it is more expedient to teach a child what he can do all his life. Style karate is not finished due to "age unsuitability". If a student stopped participating in competitions, this does not mean that he has ceased to improve in technique. In general, there is no direct relationship between progress in karate and participation in competitions. Huge benefits and pleasure from karate classes can be obtained at any age, while karate classes do not interfere, but contribute to mental activity. All famous karate masters have lived a long life - in their opinion, thanks to the practice of karate - and practiced karate all their lives. Modern major masters such as Kanazawa, Asai, Enoyeda, Kase, Kenneth Funakoshi and others are no different from them in this regard. But former athletes (all athletes inevitably eventually become former ones) usually cannot boast of good health, and besides well-being, they have many problems.