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1 Vocational education O. S. Gabrielyan, I. G. Ostroumov Chemistry for professions and specialties of a technical profile Textbook Recommended by the Federal State Autonomous Institution " Federal Institute Development of Education" (FGAU "FIRO") as a textbook for use in educational process educational institutions Open source software based on the main general education with secondary general education Review registration number 403 dated August 19, 2015 FGAU "FIRO" 4th edition, stereotypical

2 UDC 54(075.32) BBK 24ya723ya722 G121 Reviewer teacher of the highest qualification category KMPO RANH and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. chem. Sciences, Associate Professor ER Keharsaeva Gabrielyan O. S. G121 Chemistry for professions and specialties of a technical profile: a textbook for students. medium institutions. prof. education / O. S. Gabriyelyan, I. G. Ostroumov. 4th ed., ster. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", p., p. col. ill. ISBN The textbook is developed taking into account the requirements of federal state educational standards of secondary general and secondary vocational education, as well as the profile of vocational education. At the basic level, theoretical basis chemistry, the issues of chemistry of the main classes are considered organic matter. Particular attention is paid to the properties, industrial methods of obtaining and application in technology of metals and non-metals. The properties, preparation and directions of use of organic compounds are described. Given Control questions, assignments and computational tasks. Recommendations are given for the implementation laboratory experiments And practical work in general, inorganic and organic chemistry. For professional students educational organizations mastering professions and specialties of secondary vocational education. Conventions: terms and definitions UDC 54(075.32) BBK 24ya723ya722 laws, rules, regulations historical information, Interesting Facts The original layout of this publication is the property of the Academy Publishing Center, and its reproduction in any way without the consent of the copyright holder is prohibited. ISBN Gabrielyan O.S., Ostroumov I.G. Publishing Center "Academy", 2016

3 To readers Dear friends! You opened a chemistry textbook designed for professions and specialties of a technical profile, and thought that this subject would not be your main one. And they were mistaken, because modern technology and technology without knowledge of chemistry are untenable. Suffice it to say that only listing the names of new materials widely used in modern technology, can take up a whole volume. And working with these materials, largely based on the knowledge of chemistry and the use of chemical transformations (reactions), makes it possible to achieve economic, environmental, and aesthetic effects. You, as future highly qualified technical specialists, need to know that there is not a single field of activity in which various substances, materials or chemical processes would not be used. For example, 90% of the energy that mankind produces and consumes is the result of chemical reactions. Almost everything that is produced by modern industry and Agriculture associated with chemistry. Without a deep knowledge of chemistry, it is impossible to master the specialties that, according to the classifier, are included in such enlarged groups as Engineering and Construction Technology, Informatics and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology, Light Industry Technologies, etc. The textbook corresponds to the program of general education academic discipline"Chemistry", approved by the Scientific and Methodological Council of the Center for Professional Education of the Federal State Institution "Federal Institute for the Development of Education" on March 26, 2015 and recommended for the implementation of the main professional educational program 3

4 Readers 4 SVE on the basis of basic general education with secondary general education. In the process of studying our subject, you will not only acquire a certain amount of knowledge and skills, but also, to a large extent, learn how to receive them from various sources, process them, draw conclusions and conclusions, that is, form information competence. When designing your own information product, presenting (presenting) it to classmates, teachers and the public, you need to learn how to defend your point of view, while hearing and respecting other people's opinions, and therefore correct your position. This will allow you to improve your own communicative competence. Mastering the discipline involves not only classroom studies, but also independent work. In accordance with the program of the course, the same amount of time is allocated for classroom studies and independent work. For the study of chemistry in the technical profile of the SVE, 117 classroom hours were allocated for the specialties of the SVE and 171 classroom hours for the professions of the SVE. No more than 40% of the total classroom time is provided for lectures, the rest of the time is occupied by practical and laboratory classes. In these classes, a significant place is given to the chemical experiment. It allows you to form special subject skills: work with substances, perform simple chemical experiments, safely and environmentally competently handle substances, materials and processes in everyday life and at work. Independent work involves not only doing homework, working with a textbook and other printed publications included in the educational and methodological kit, but also using electronic textbook and search for information on the Internet. We will name only such popular resources as ru; edu.ru; and others. Respect for the environment, elementary chemical knowledge, without which not a single specialist in the technical field of activity can do, is the key to a competent and effective use achievements of chemical science. In addition, chemical literacy is necessary in everyday life. Chemically respectful handling of substances, materials,

5 pairs of household chemicals, household appliances are a necessary condition for a safe and comfortable life. The content of the textbook complies with the federal state educational standards of secondary general and secondary vocational education. In addition, our textbook contains material of profile and professionally significant content, it is highlighted in color. At the end of each paragraph, there are questions and exercises to be completed. Profile and professionally significant tasks are marked with an asterisk. We wish you success! To readers

6 Section I General and inorganic chemistry

7 Chapter 1 Basic concepts and laws of chemistry After reading this chapter, you will learn: what is the subject of study of chemistry; what is a simple substance and what are the causes of the phenomenon of allotropy; how the chemical composition of a substance is displayed and what the chemical formula shows; how to find the relative molecular weight of a substance; what fundamental laws are applied in chemical practice Subject of chemistry. Basic concepts of chemistry. Allotropy Back in 1748, the founder of Russian chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov, wrote: “Chemical science considers the properties and changes of bodies, the composition of bodies, explains the causes

8 Basic concepts of what happens to substances during chemical transformations. Compare the definition given by the great M. V. Lomonosov with the modern definition. Chemistry is the science of the composition, structure, properties and transformations of substances. Based on the modern definition of chemical science, which is surprisingly close to Lomonosov's, let's consider some basic initial concepts: substance, atom, molecule, chemical element, etc. Substance is one of the types of matter, which is characterized by a rest mass. This is a collection of atoms, ions or molecules, consisting of one or more chemical elements. What kind of matter cannot be called substance? What kind of matter has no rest mass? From the course of physics, you know that various fields, including electromagnetic and gravitational, belong to this type of matter. An atom is an electrically neutral particle consisting of a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons. An atom is the smallest particle of a chemical element, the limit of the chemical divisibility of matter. A molecule is a single electrically neutral particle formed when covalent bonds between atoms of one or more elements, which determines Chemical properties substances. An element is a collection of atoms with the same nuclear charge. 8 All elements (and simple substances) are usually divided into metals and non-metals. Non-metals include 22 elements: hydrogen, boron, carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, halogens and noble gases; to metals all other elements. A substance formed by one chemical element is called simple. the same chemical element

9 can form several simple substances. This phenomenon is called allotropy, and various simple substances formed by one element are allotropic modifications, or allotropic modifications (for example, diamond and graphite are simple substances formed by the same element carbon). It is very interesting, and at present practically significant, the transformation of one allotropic modification of carbon (graphite) into another (diamond): C (graphite) C (diamond) This process is used to obtain artificial diamonds. In 1954, scientists from the laboratory of the famous American company General Electric obtained black crystals of artificial diamonds weighing 0.05 g at extreme conditions: pressure atm and temperature C. Such diamonds were hundreds of times more expensive than natural ones. But over the course of 10 years, technologies have been developed that make it possible to obtain 20 or more grams of diamonds in one chamber in a few minutes. The modern production of artificial diamonds is based on their production from graphite not only at ultrahigh, but also at low pressures. Such diamonds are relatively cheap, but they are mainly used for technical purposes in metallurgy and mechanical engineering, radio electronics and instrument making, geological exploration and mining. The reason for the tragic outcome of some expeditions, the conquerors of the polar (Arctic and Antarctic) "caps" of the Earth, was that the researchers did not take into account the interconversion of allotropic modifications of tin: Sn (white) Sn (gray) White tin is a soft ductile metal, with which we most often and we collide. However, when the temperature is lowered, it can turn into gray tin powder, which has the properties of non-metals. This transformation is accelerated by the gray tin itself: it is enough for just one grain of gray tin to appear, as a process begins that cannot be stopped. At the same time, the product from white shiny metal turns into a gray nondescript powder. This process is figuratively called "tin plague". It was he who caused the death of the expedition of R. Scott, who tried in 1912 to conquer South Pole. Scott's Expedition Used 9 Basic Concepts

10 Basic concepts 10 for food storage and kerosene iron canisters sealed with tin. In severe frost, the tin solder of the canisters crumbled, and the expedition was left without fuel. For many other chemical elements, the phenomenon of allotropy is also characteristic. So, oxygen forms two modifications oxygen O 2 and ozone O 3 (Greek ozon smelling). Ozone is found in the upper atmosphere and intensely absorbs ultraviolet rays. Thus, the atmosphere protects life on Earth from short-wave radiation. At the same time, the atmosphere transmits the infrared radiation of the Sun, but due to the ozone, carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the atmosphere, it is opaque to the infrared radiation of the Earth. If these gases were not contained in the atmosphere, the Earth would turn into a lifeless ball, the average temperature on the surface of which would be 23 C, while in fact it is +14.8 C. Mankind faces an urgent task to save this life-supporting screen from destruction , as disturbing data are received from space satellites about a decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer of the atmosphere, the so-called ozone holes (color inset, Fig. 1). Ozone and oxygen, being simple substances formed by one element, nevertheless have different properties. Oxygen is odorless, while ozone smells fresh. Ozone, unlike oxygen, is bactericidal; this property is used to disinfect drinking water (ozonation of water is much safer for human health than chlorination). Ozone is a much stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen, so it vigorously bleaches paints, oxidizes silver, destroys organic compounds. The latter property allows it to be used to eliminate unpleasant odors, i.e., deodorization. Allotropy is one of the factors that determine the diversity of substances. It is caused by two main reasons: 1) the transition of quantitative changes into qualitative ones, which can be easily seen from the example of oxygen allotropy; 2) different crystal structure of allotropic modifications; for example, all modifications of carbon have an atomic crystal lattice, but in diamond it is bulky tetrahedral, and in graphite it is layered, which is why the properties of diamond and graphite are so different.

11 Control questions and tasks 1. What is the subject of chemistry? Define the term "substance". What is the relationship between the concepts "substance" and "matter"? 2. What particles are called atoms and molecules? 3. Define the term "chemical element". 4. What substances are called simple? Give examples. 5. Describe the phenomenon of allotropy. What factors cause it? Give examples of allotropic modifications of oxygen. Compare them. Specify the factor that causes the allotropy of this element. 6. Tell us about the allotropy of carbon. Compare allotropic modifications of carbon. Name the main areas of their application. *7. Describe the technical significance of tin and the scope of this metal. *8. Prepare a report on the history of obtaining artificial diamonds and name their areas of application. *9. Prepare a presentation on the topic "Disinfection of drinking water: ways and prospects." Basic concepts 1.2. The composition of the substance. Measuring a substance Simple substances are substances formed by one chemical element. However, there are many more complex substances. Substances consisting of two or more chemical elements are called complex. There are qualitative and quantitative composition of substances. Qualitative composition is a set of chemical elements and (or) atomic groups that make up a given chemical substance. Quantitative composition is an indicator that characterizes the number or number of atoms of a particular chemical element and (or) atomic groups that form a given chemical substance. The composition of substances is displayed through chemical symbolism. At the suggestion of J. Ya. Berzelius, elements are usually denoted by the first or the first and one of the subsequent letters of the Latin names of the elements. eleven

12 Basic concepts A chemical sign (symbol) carries significant information. It denotes the name of the element, one atom of it, one mole of the atoms of this element. By the symbol of a chemical element, you can determine its atomic number and relative atomic mass. Chemical formula is a way to display chemical composition substances. Like a chemical sign, a chemical formula carries a lot of information. It denotes the name of a substance, one molecule of it, one mole of this substance. According to the chemical formula, it is possible to determine the qualitative composition of a substance, the number of atoms and the amount of substance of each element in one mole of a substance, its relative molecular and molar masses. The formulas of substances are based on another important concept of chemistry of valency. Valency is the ability of atoms of one chemical element to combine with a strictly defined number of atoms of another chemical element. For example, the hydrogen atom is univalent, therefore, in the hydrogen molecule H 2 it combines with only one of the same hydrogen atom. The oxygen atom is divalent, so in the water molecule H 2 O it combines with two hydrogen atoms. The tetravalent carbon in the methane molecule CH 4 combines with four hydrogen atoms, and in the carbon dioxide molecule CO 2 with two divalent oxygen atoms. Several types of chemical formulas are widely used. 1. The simplest (empirical) formula shows the qualitative composition and ratios in which particles are located: atoms, ions, groups of atoms that form a given substance. For example, the simplest formula of ethane (organic matter) CH Molecular (true) formula reflects the qualitative composition and number of particles that make up the substance (for example, for ethane C 2 H 6), but does not show the order of the bonds of particles in the substance, i.e. its structure. 3. The graphic formula reflects the order of connection of atoms, i.e., the bonds between them; e.g. for ethane: 12

13 In addition to formulas, for clarity, models of atoms and molecules of simple and complex substances are often used. The masses of atoms and molecules from which substances are built are extremely small. However modern methods research allows you to determine them with great accuracy. Thus, the mass of the carbon atom 12 C is 1 kg, the mass of the oxygen atom of the 16 O isotope is 2 kg, and the mass of the lightest hydrogen atom 1 H is 1 kg. It is inconvenient to express the masses of atoms using the generally accepted mass units of kilograms, grams, or even milligrams due to their very small values. Therefore, in chemistry, not absolute, but relative mass values are traditionally used. In 1961, a single carbon atomic mass unit (a.m.u.) was adopted in chemistry and physics, which is 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom 12 C: 1 a.u. e.m. \u003d 1/12 m (12 C) \u003d 1, kg. Basic concepts The relative atomic mass (Ar) of a chemical element is a value showing the ratio of the average mass of an atom of a natural isotopic mixture of an element to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom 12 C. The relative atomic mass is one of the main characteristics of a chemical element (Fig. 1.1). The relative atomic mass of the lightest chemical element hydrogen is 1. Therefore, the relative atomic masses of other elements can be compared with the relative atomic mass of hydrogen (Fig. 1.2). Relative molecular mass(M r) is equal to the sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms that form the molecule of the substance. Rice. 1.1 Each chemical element has its own relative atomic mass. 1.2 A carbon atom is 12 times heavier than a hydrogen atom 1 H 13

14 Basic concepts Fig. 1.3 This is how the relative molecular weight of carbon dioxide is calculated. 1.4 A carbon dioxide molecule CO 2 is 44 times heavier than a hydrogen atom 1 H ). The amount of substance (n or ν) is characterized by the number of atoms, molecules or other formula units given substance. Since a substance consists of a huge number of particles, it is convenient to measure the amount of a substance in large units containing a large number of particles. IN international system units (SI) a mole is taken as a unit of the amount of a substance. A mole is the amount of a substance containing as many formula units as atoms contain 0.012 kg of the carbon isotope 12 C. 14 To find one mole of a substance, one can be guided by the following simple rule: a mole is the amount of a substance whose mass, expressed in grams, is numerically equal to the relative molecular mass . The mass of one mole is called the molar mass and is denoted by the letter M: M = M r 1 g / mol. Molar mass units g/mol, kg/kmol or mg/mmol. The molar mass can be expressed in terms of the number of molecules (or atoms) in one mole of a substance (N A) and the mass (m 0) of an individual molecule (or atom): M \u003d m 0 N A. The mass of a molecule (atom) in kilograms can be calculated using the equation m 0 = M r 1 a. e. m. \u003d M r 1, kg,

15 hence M 10 3 (kg/mol) = N A M r 1, (kg/mol). From this expression, you can determine the number of molecules or atoms contained in one mole of any substance, which is called the Avogadro constant. Basic concepts Avogadro's constant (N A) is the number of atoms or molecules (or other formula units) contained in one mole of a substance; it is always equal to N A \u003d 6, mol 1. The amount of a substance is measured in moles, kilomoles or millimoles. The amount of a substance is calculated as the ratio: mass m of a substance to its molar mass; the number N of molecules, atoms or formula units to the Avogadro constant; gas volume V under normal conditions (n.a.) to the molar volume V m: m N V n = = =. M N V A m Test questions and tasks 1. What substance is called complex? 2. What information can be obtained by analyzing the qualitative and quantitative composition of a substance? 3. What does the chemical formula show? 4. Describe the concepts of "relative atomic mass of a chemical element", "relative molecular mass of a substance". How are these characteristics calculated? 5. What types of chemical formulas do you know? 6. Find the relative molecular weights of substances whose composition is described by the formulas: O 3, H 2 SO 4, Ca 3 (PO 4) 2, Cu(OH) 2. *7. Calculate Relative Molecular Masses blue vitriol CuSO 4 5H 2 O and crystalline soda Na 2 CO 3 10H 2 O. 8. Define the concept of "amount of substance". Name the units of measurement for the amount of a substance. 9. What is the difference between the relative molecular weight of a substance and the molar mass? Find the molar mass of nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, aluminum sulfate. 10. How many molecules are contained in 32 g of sulfur dioxide SO 2? 11. What is the mass of 1 ammonia NH 3 molecules? 15

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In the textbook presented to you, based on a holistic course in chemistry, the main concepts, laws, theories, facts of chemical science are given in close connection with other natural disciplines: physics, biology, geography, ecology. This will allow you to see the natural world in all its richness and diversity, and will help form a unified natural-science picture of the world.

We tried to show that without knowledge of chemistry, the perception of the surrounding world will be incomplete, and people who have not received such knowledge may unconsciously become dangerous to this world, since chemically illiterate handling of substances, materials and chemical processes threatens our common house- Planet Earth.

We sought to reveal the role of chemistry in everyday life, in the non-chemical field human activity in full accordance with the statement of the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov: "Chemistry spreads its hands wide in human affairs." After all, there is not a single field of activity in which substances, materials or chemical processes would not participate. For example, ninety percent of the energy that mankind produces and consumes is the result of chemical reactions. Almost everything produced by modern industry and agriculture is related to chemistry.

Respect for the environment, love for one's neighbor and elementary chemical knowledge, which neither an economist, nor a lawyer, nor an engineer, nor a machine builder, nor a specialist in any other profession can do without, is the key to the competent and effective use of the achievements of chemical science.

Physical properties of metals. Metallic luster, ductility, high electrical and thermal conductivity, growth electrical resistance with increasing temperature, high values of density, boiling point and melting point, hardness, magnetic characteristics - all these practically important properties, common to all metals, are due to the metallic crystal lattice and metallic chemical bond.

All metals are solids, except for liquid mercury, which at low temperatures becomes hard and malleable, like lead. Only brittle bismuth and manganese do not have plasticity.
All metals are silvery white or gray (color insert, fig. 30). Strontium, gold and copper absorb short wavelengths (close to violet) to a greater extent and reflect long wavelengths of the spectrum, therefore they have a light yellow, yellow and "copper" color, respectively. Very thin sheets of silver and gold have a completely unexpected appearance - they are a bluish-green foil, and fine metal powders appear dark gray, even black. And only magnesium and aluminum, as you know, in powder retain a silvery white color.

Classification of metals. In engineering, metals are usually classified according to various physical properties:
by density - light (p< 5 г/см3) и тяжелые (р >5 g/cm3) metals;
melting point - fusible and refractory metals.
Iron and its alloys in technology are considered to be ferrous metals, and all the rest are non-ferrous.
There is a classification of metals and chemical properties.
Metals with low chemical activity are called noble: silver, gold, platinum and analogues of the latter - osmium, iridium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium.
According to the proximity of chemical properties, alkali (group 1A metals), alkaline earth (group IIA metals, starting with calcium), as well as rare earth (scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and lanthanides, actinium and actinides) metals are distinguished.

Content:
To readers.
Section I GENERAL CONCEPTS, LAWS AND THEORIES OF CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1. Basic concepts and laws of chemistry.
1.1. The subject of chemistry. Basic concepts. Allotropy.
1.2. The composition of the substance. Chemical formulas. Measurement of matter.
1.3. Basic laws of chemistry.
1.4. The concept of "share" and its use in chemistry.
Chapter 2. Periodic law and Periodic system of chemical elements of D.I. Mendeleev in the light of the doctrine of the structure of the atom.
2.1. Basic information about the structure of the atom.
2.2. Discovery of the Periodic Law by DIMendeleev.
2.3. The element's position in Periodic system and the structure of the electron shell of the atom.
Chapter 3. The structure of matter. Chemical bond.
3.1. Ionic chemical bond.
3.2. Covalent chemical bond.
3.3. Metal chemical bond.
3.4. Hydrogen chemical bond.
3.5. dispersed systems.
Chapter 4. Theory of electrolytic dissociation.
4.1. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes.
4.2. Acids.
4.3. Foundations.
4.4. Salt.
4.5. Oxides.
4.6. Salt hydrolysis.
Chapter 5. Redox processes.
5.1. Redox reactions.
5.2. Electrolysis.
Chapter 6. Chemical kinetics
6.1. The rate of chemical reactions.
6.2. reversibility of chemical reactions. chemical balance.

Section II INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chapter 7
7.1. Hydrogen.
7.2. Water.
7.3. Non-metals are simple substances.
7.4. Hydrogen compounds of nonmetals.
7.5. Oxides of non-metals.
7.6. Hydroxides of non-metals.
Chapter 8
8.1. Metals are chemical elements.
8.2. Metals are simple substances.
8.3. Corrosion of metals.
8.4. Methods for obtaining metals.
8.5. metal oxides.
8.6. metal hydroxides.

Section III ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chapter 9. Theoretical Foundations of Organic Chemistry.
9.1. The subject of organic chemistry.
9.2. Theory chemical structure organic substances A. M. Butlerova.
9.3. Isomerism of organic compounds.
9.4. The nature of bonds in the molecules of organic compounds.
Chapter 10
10.1. Homologous series of alkanes. Isomerism and nomenclature.
10.2. Obtaining, chemical properties and application of alkanes.
Chapter 11. Ethylene and diene hydrocarbons. rubbers.
11.1. Homologous series of alkenes. Isomerism and nomenclature.
11.2. Obtaining and chemical properties of alkenes.
11.3. diene hydrocarbons.
11.4. Basic concepts of the chemistry of macromolecular compounds.
Chapter 12. Acetylene hydrocarbons.
12.1. Homologous series of alkynes. Isomerism and nomenclature.
12.2. Obtaining and chemical properties of alkynes.
Chapter 13. Aromatic hydrocarbons.
13.1. Homologous series of arenes. Isomerism and nomenclature.
13.2. Obtaining and chemical properties of arenes.
Chapter 14. Natural sources of hydrocarbons.
14.1. Natural and associated petroleum gases. Coal.
14.2. Oil and products of its processing.
Chapter 15. Alcohols and phenols.
15.1. Homologous series of limiting monohydric alcohols. Isomerism and nomenclature.
15.2. Obtaining and chemical properties of saturated monohydric alcohols.
15.3. polyhydric alcohols.
15.4. Phenol and its properties.
Chapter 16
16.1. Homologous series of limiting aldehydes and ketones. Isomerism and nomenclature.
16.2. Obtaining and chemical properties of carbonyl compounds.
Chapter 17. Carboic acids and their derivatives.
17.1. Homologous series of limiting monobasic carboxylic acids. Isomerism and nomenclature.
17.2. Obtaining and chemical properties of carboxylic acids.
17.3. Complex ethers. Fats.
17.4. Salts of carboxylic acids. Soap.
Chapter 18
18.1. Classification of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides.
18.2. Disaccharides.
18.3. Polysaccharides.
Chapter 19
19.1. Homologous series of limiting amines. Isomerism and nomenclature.
19.2. Obtaining and chemical properties of saturated amines.
19.3. aromatic amines. Aniline.
Chapter 20 Squirrels.
20.1. Amino acids.
20.2. Peptides.
20.3. Squirrels.
Laboratory experiments.
Practical work.
Answers.
Bibliography.

“Gabrielyan O.S. Chemistry: textbook. for stud. medium institutions. Prof. education / O.S. Gabrielyan, I.G. Ostroumov. - 10th ed., erased. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 336 p. On the..."

Gabrielyan O.S.

Chemistry: textbook. for stud. medium institutions. Prof. education

/ O.S. Gabrielyan, I.G. Ostroumov. - 10th ed., erased. – M.:

Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 336 p.

At the modern level, the theoretical foundations are stated

chemistry, questions of the chemistry of elements (non-metals and

metals), structure and properties of different classes of organic

connections. Control questions and tasks are given,

laboratory experiments and practical work in all areas of inorganic and organic chemistry.

Vazhenin A.G.

Social science: textbook. allowance for students. medium institutions.

Prof. education / A.G. Vazhenin. - 11th ed., Sr. – M.:

Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 368 p.

IN study guide considers the issues of formation and development human society, state and law;

characterized by cultural, economic, political and social sphere society; highlights global problems modernity.

For students of institutions of secondary vocational education.

Vereina L.I.

Technical mechanics: textbook for environments. Prof.

education L.I. Vereina, M.M. Krasnov. - 6th ed., Sr. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 352 p.

The textbook is intended for studying the subject "Technical Mechanics" and is part of the educational and methodological set for the disciplines of the general professional cycle for technical specialties.

Basics laid out theoretical mechanics, resistance of materials, parts and mechanisms of machines; examples of calculations are given. Provides information about the main ways to change mechanical properties materials and trends in the development of machine and mechanism designs.

The textbook can be used in the study of the general professional discipline OP.02 "Technical Mechanics" in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards of secondary vocational education in technical specialties.

For students of institutions of secondary vocational education.

Pevtsova E.A.

Law for professions and specialties of the socio-economic profile: a textbook for institutions beginning. and avg. Prof. education / E.A. Pevtsova. - 4th ed., Rev. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2013. - 432 p.

The textbook is written according to exemplary program academic discipline "Law". It presents complex issues in an accessible way. legal science, represented practical material which will allow young people to acquire the necessary legal skills and abilities to provide legal protection in real life.

The book also contains additional material, reflecting the modern approaches of lawyers to the problems of science, schemes, legal documents, extracts from regulatory legal acts.

For students in professions and specialties of the socio-economic profile in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.

Averin V.N.

Computer engineering graphics: textbook. allowance for students.

institutions of secondary prof. education / V.N. Averin. - 4th ed., Sr. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2013. - 224 p.

The basics of computer creation of design documentation based on the professional version of the KOMPAS system are outlined. The interface of this system is described, examples of building images of the simplest geometric shapes and the ability to edit them.

Examples of creating various drawings in the KOMPAS system using the libraries of this system, specifications of assembly units and tables are given. The features and basic operations of creating three-dimensional models of parts using the KOMPAS-3D system are considered, examples of creating three-dimensional assemblies and building assembly drawings based on them are given. The ability to export drawings to AutoCAD and import drawings from this system is shown.

The textbook can be used in the study of the general professional discipline OP.02 "Computer graphics" in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for the specialty 151901 "Mechanical Engineering Technology".

For students of institutions of secondary vocational education.

Belik V.V., Kienskaya K.I.

Physical and colloidal chemistry: A textbook for students.

medium institutions. prof. education. - 7th ed., Sr. – M.:

Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 288 p.

The fundamentals of thermodynamics, chemical and phase equilibrium, the theory chemical kinetics and catalysis, elements of electrochemistry, thermodynamics of surface phenomena, properties and methods of dispersed systems.

Processes and operations of shaping: A textbook for students. institutions of higher prof. education / Ed. ON THE.

Chemborisov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 320 p. – (Series Undergraduate).

Outlined physical foundations cutting materials.

Modern tool materials, lubricating-cooling technological means are considered. The designs of the most common general purpose tools are given. Theoretical foundations for the formation of computer-aided design systems for cutting tools are given.

Tsvetkova M.S., Velikovich L.S.

Informatics and ICT: Textbook for the beginning. and avg. prof.

education. - 4th ed., Sr. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2013. - 352 p.

Given a concept information processes. Information models, number systems, programming technologies, principles of coding, storage, search and processing of information are considered. The basics of algorithmization are given, examples of information processing algorithms are given. The means of information and telecommunication technologies are described. The technology of creation and transformation of information objects (processing of text, graphic and tabular material, sound information, creation of a multimedia presentation) is described in detail.

Dracheva E.L., Yulikov L.I.

Management: Textbook for students. medium institutions. prof.

education. - 13th ed., Sr. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 304 p.

The history of formation, essence, basic concepts and functions of modern management are stated.

The internal and external environment of the organization, the management cycle, strategic and tactical plans in the management system and control over their implementation are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to decision-making methods, motivation and delegation of authority, communications, conflict management, power and partnership in the system of management methods.

Grebenyuk E.I., Grebenyuk N.A.

Technical means of informatization: Textbook for students.

medium institutions. prof. education. - 7th ed., Rev. – M.:

Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 352 p.

The physical foundations, hardware, design features, specifications and features of operation of modern technical means informatization: computers, devices for preparing, inputting and displaying information, systems for processing and reproducing audio and video information, telecommunications, devices for working with information on solid media. Attention is paid to the organization of jobs in the operation of technical means of informatization.

Information is provided on the production technology of processors, the main characteristics of multi-core processors, modern and promising storage media, digital sound systems, 3D sound technology, webcams, three-dimensional printers and scanners, electronic tablets, touch input devices, Bluetooth and WiFi wireless technologies, smartphones. and communicators.

Semenov A.L.

Modern information technologies and translation:

textbook allowance for students. translation. Fak. Higher textbook institutions / A.L. Semenov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2008. - 224 p.

The textbook presents the main theoretical provisions of translation activity as an analytic-synthetic process. The principles of text activity computerization are stated. The theoretical foundations of the practice of using modern information technologies written translation. Along with linguistic problems, the most relevant organizational matters translation activities.

Kushner V.S.

Technological processes in mechanical engineering: a textbook for students. higher textbook institutions / V.S. Kushner, A.S. Vereshchak, A.G.

Skhirtladze. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011. - 416 p.

The textbook was created in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in the direction of training "Design and technological support of machine-building industries"

(Qualification "Bachelor").

The main metallurgical and machine-building technological methods for producing metals and alloys, shaping blanks and machine parts by casting, cutting, pressure treatment, and welding are considered.

The description of technological processes is based on consideration of their physical essence and is preceded by theoretical information about thermal, mechanical and thermomechanical regularities.

Grammar aspects of translation: textbook. allowance for students. institutions of higher prof. education / O.A.

Suleimanova, N.N. Beklemesheva, K.S. Kardanova and others - 2nd ed., Rev. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 240 p. – (Ser. Baccalaureate) The textbook was created in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards in the field of study 035700 – Linguistics (profile “translation and translation studies”, qualification “specialist”).

The textbook deals with the grammatical aspects of translation related to the structural and functional features of the Russian and English languages, which are determined by the nature of the correlation of the grammatical, logical and informational structures of the utterance. A translation strategy based on the analysis of metonymic relations within the framework of the structures of the languages under consideration and in their correlation is proposed.

Klunova S.M.

Biotechnology: textbook for higher. ped. prof. education / S.M. Klunova, T.A. Egorova, E.A. Zhivukhin.

– M.:

Publishing Center "Academy", 2010. - 256 p.

The textbook outlines and summarizes traditional and latest technologies based on the achievements of biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology, considers socio-economic problems and prospects for the development of biotechnology in the third millennium.

Borytko N.M.

Methodology and methods of psychological and pedagogical research: textbook. allowance for students. higher textbook institutions / N.M. Borytko, A.V. Molozhavenko, I.A. Solovtsov; ed.

N.M. Borytko. - 2nd ed., erased. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009. - 320 p.

The manual reveals methodological foundations and the logic of psychological and pedagogical research from the standpoint of a humanitarian-holistic approach to the study educational process, the system is presented scientific concepts, theoretical and empirical methods work; proposed cycle special exercises and tests that contribute to the assimilation of the studied material.

Dracheva E.L.

Management: workshop: textbook. allowance for students.

medium institutions. Prof. education / E.L. Dracheva, L.I.

Yulikov. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 304 p.

The textbook can be used in the study of the general professional discipline "Management" in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards of secondary vocational education in the specialties of the enlarged group "Economics and Management".

Practical tasks characterizing various aspects of management are proposed. Tasks are given in the form of real situations based on the experience of Russian and foreign companies, in the form of business games, tests, etc.

A glossary of terms used is given. The workshop is a training set with the textbook "Management".

Grigoriev V.P.

Elements of higher mathematics: a textbook for students.

medium institutions. Prof. education / V.P. Grigoriev, Yu.A.

Dubinsky. - 8th ed., Sr. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2013.

The textbook presents all the main sections of higher mathematics: elements of set theory, linear algebra, analytic geometry, differential and integral calculus; numerical sequences;

ordinary differential equations.

The theoretical part of the textbook is supplemented a large number of practical tasks; given in the application short description package of applied programs in mathematics MAPLE.

Averbukh K.Ya.

Lexical and phraseological aspects of translation: textbook.

allowance for students. higher textbook institutions / K.Ya. Averbukh, O.M.

Karpov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009. - 176 p.

The book deals with a number of translation problems in the lexical and phraseological aspects. The modern phenomenon of stratification is described national languages into general literary language and languages for special purposes.

Their stylistic differentiation is discussed and it is noted that the main emphasis in describing the features of translation is focused on the so-called scientific and technical translation. The lexical composition of special texts, the problem of their division in order to identify the most information-intensive units and their variants are considered. The minimum information about terminology and terminography necessary for a translator is given.

Krupnov V.N.

Humanitarian translation: Proc. allowance for students. higher textbook

establishments. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009. - 160 p.

Study guide for the course "Humanitarian translation"

is a critical reflection of the translation activity by an experienced professional translator.

Sokolova E.N.

Materials Science: Laboratory workshop: Proc.

allowance for students. medium institutions. prof. education / E.N.

Sokolova, A.O. Borisova, L.V. Davydenko. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 128 p.

The methodology and practice of conducting laboratory work and practical classes in materials science, work was proposed to test samples for hardness and tensile strength, as well as to study the structure of steel, including after heat treatment.

Metrology, standardization and certification in mechanical engineering: A textbook for students. medium institutions.

prof. education. - 3rd ed., erased. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 288 p.

The main provisions of standardization and certification of products, the legal framework, functions and methods of standardization, systems of certification and conformity assessment are considered. The basics of interchangeability of parts are outlined, the system of tolerances and fits of frequently occurring joints is described. Classifications and schematic diagrams of modern measuring and control instruments used in mechanical engineering are presented.

Chapaev N.K., Vereshchagina I.P.

Philosophy and history of education: Textbook for students.

institutions of higher prof. education. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2013. - 288 p. - (Series "Bachelor").

The textbook presents the foundations of the philosophy of education - an integrative body of knowledge of a philosophical and pedagogical nature, which has as its subject the most general patterns of development of education, pedagogy and a person as a “subject of education” (K.D. Ushinsky), as well as the intellectual and spiritual foundations of such development. The process of formation and development is characterized: pedagogy as a system of scientific knowledge; the educational process itself; educational institutions.

Kholodkova A.G.

Technological equipment: Textbook for students. higher textbook

establishments. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2008. - 368 p.

The issues of designing technological equipment for mechanical assembly production are outlined, taking into account its purpose, design features and production features. Methods for calculating the accuracy of fixtures, their parameters, power characteristics and economic efficiency are given. The features of the use of universal-assembly equipment, devices for assembly and control, including flexible automated production, are considered.

Mkhitaryan V.S.

Probability theory and mathematical statistics: Textbook for students. institutions of higher prof. education / V.S.

Mkhitaryan, V.F. Shishov, A.Yu. Kozlov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 416 p. - (Series "Bachelor").

Covered all the main sections of the course of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics. The basic information related to the study of random events, random variables and the laws of their distribution, systems of random variables, limit theorems theory of probability, as well as the basic concepts of the theory random functions. The requirements for statistical estimates, exact and interval estimation of distribution parameters, parametric and nonparametric methods for testing statistical hypotheses, dispersion, correlation and regression analysis are considered in detail.

Each section outlines the main theoretical provisions, explains the prerequisites for the use of probabilistic and statistical methods, detailed solutions of typical problems are given (the numerical data given in some examples are conditional), tasks for independent work of students are proposed.

The use of MS Excel add-ins (statistical functions and analysis package) for solving problems of probability theory and mathematical statistics is shown.

Selevtsov L.I., Selevtsov A.L.

Automation of technological processes: Textbook for students. medium institutions. prof. education. - 2nd ed., Rev. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012. - 352 p.

The methods of control of technological parameters, the arrangement of instrumentation, the properties of control objects and elements of automatic control of technological processes in food production, the design and principle of operation of technical means of automatic control systems, as well as their installation are considered. The rules for the implementation of automation schemes for auxiliary and basic technological production in the food industry are given.

Information management: Textbook / Under scientific. ed.

d.t.s., prof. N.M. Abdikeeva. – M.: INFRA-M, 2012. – 400 p.

The book is devoted to a new approach in information management aimed at providing business with information services (services).

Considered:

company informatization strategy and architecture, IT project management, information service management, information resources, IT efficiency, information security.

The book is intended for managers, business analysts, IT specialists, students of MBA programs, students and masters of universities, graduate students and teachers in the field of corporate management and corporate information systems.

Bondarenko G.G.

Materials science: a textbook for bachelors / G.G.

Bondarenko, T.A. Kabanova, V.V. Rybalko; ed. G.G.

Bondarenko. - 2nd ed. – M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 2013. – 359 p. – Series: Bachelor. Basic course.

The textbook discusses the characteristics of metallic, semiconductor and dielectric materials, which are basic for the development of quality management systems. industrial products. Information about the structure, properties and methods of obtaining materials is given.

Aspects related to the influence on the performance of materials of the modes of their production, storage and operation (temperature, mechanical, radiation and other types of influences) are considered in detail.

Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of VPO of the third generation.

Ivanova E.V.

Lexicology and phraseology of modern in English= Lexicology and Phraseology of Modern English: textbook.

allowance for students. institutions of higher prof. education / E.V.

Ivanova. - St. Petersburg: Faculty of Philology, St. Petersburg State University; M.:

Publishing Center "Academy", 2011. - 352 p.

The textbook deals with the main issues of lexicology and phraseology of modern English. In addition to a detailed analysis of the basic concepts of these disciplines, it highlights controversial issues of theory, and also describes the most relevant approaches to the study of the semantics of language units.

For students of linguistic, pedagogical and translation faculties of institutions of higher professional education.

Orlova I.V., Polovnikov V.A.

Economic and mathematical methods and models: computer modelling: Proc. allowance. 0 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Vuzovsky textbook: INFRA-M, 2013. - 389 p.

The problems of mathematical modeling of economic processes on the basis of computer technologies for preparing and making decisions are considered. As a modeling tool, a standard office Excel program. The basic mathematical concepts and methods used in economics are stated: matrix algebra; optimization methods and solution of optimization problems; fundamentals of correlation-regression analysis; mathematical modeling and analysis of economic processes represented by time series.

Biology: textbook. manual for bachelors / V.N. Yarygin, ed. V.N. Yarygin. - 2nd ed. - M .: Yurayt Publishing House; ID Yurait, 2012. - 453 p. – Series: Bachelor. Basic course.

The tutorial reflects modern approach to understanding the basic properties of life, the tasks and place of biology in the system of biomedical disciplines. The characteristic of a person as an object is given biological research, the mechanisms of heredity and variability are considered, attention is paid to human genetics. The organic connection between biology and medicine is shown.

Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education of the third generation.

Zaitsev V.A.

Industrial ecology: textbook / V.A. Zaitsev. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2013. - 382 p.

The training manual discusses the definitions and basic principles of industrial ecology, non-waste (clean) production, ways of their organization and development.

Much attention has been paid rational use air and water, processing, neutralization and disposal of household and hazardous waste, organization of non-waste industrial complexes and eco-industrial parks.

stage All-Russian Olympiad schoolchildren in mathematics In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2016 No. 1440 "On the establishment of ... "representatives of mankind who illuminate the 19th century with light, the name of a chemist who ... " QUESTIONS OF RADIOMETEOROLOGY AND CLOUD PHYSICS P od r e d a c t i e d dr ... "

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