What is a natural science profile. Natural science specialties. Learn more information from representatives of universities personally

Goals and objectives: Formation of a scientific worldview based on deepening knowledge in specialized subjects Formation of a scientific worldview based on deepening knowledge in specialized subjects Acquaintance with forms and methods scientific knowledge Acquaintance with the forms and methods of scientific knowledge Studying the basic biological and chemical theories Studying the basic biological and chemical theories Formation of independent research skills Formation of independent research skills Acquaintance with a holistic picture of the world Acquaintance with a holistic picture of the world Revealing the role of biology and chemistry as a productive force Revealing the role of biology and chemistry as a productive force

Educational and material base Chemistry classroom meets modern requirements, equipped with a water supply and drainage system Chemistry classroom meets modern requirements, equipped with a water supply and drainage system In planning the educational material, the state standard of 2004 is taken into account. Training is conducted according to the program and textbooks Training is conducted according to the program and textbooks of O. S. Gabrielyan, recommended for the natural science profile O. S. Gabrielyan, recommended for the natural science profile

Educational and material base The biology classroom is equipped in accordance with modern requirements, equipped with all necessary teaching materials and manuals The biology room is equipped in accordance with modern requirements, equipped with all necessary educational and methodical materials and aids Educational material planned according to a concentric system, taking into account State standard 2004. The educational material is planned according to the concentric system, taking into account the State Standard of 2004. Training is conducted according to the program of V. B. Zakharov, recommended for the natural science and medical profile, according to the textbook “ General Biology» authors V. B. Zakharov, S. G. Mamontov, N. I. Sonina. Education is conducted according to the program of V. B. Zakharov, recommended for the natural sciences and medical profile, according to the textbook "General Biology" by the authors V. B. Zakharov, S. G. Mamontov, N. I. Sonin.

Teachers in specialized subjects Mikhailova Marina Valerievna - a teacher of chemistry and biology of the highest category. Mikhailova Marina Valerievna - teacher of chemistry and biology of the highest category. Laureate of the district competition "Teacher of the Year 1995" Laureate of the district competition "Teacher of the Year 1995" Nominee of the Republican Competition of Scripts extracurricular activities in 2004 Nominee of the Republican competition of scenarios for extracurricular activities in 2004. Laureate of the republican competition of pedagogical innovations in 2006. Laureate of the republican competition of pedagogical innovations in 2006. Head of the district methodological association Head of the district methodological association of teachers of chemistry and biology teachers of chemistry and biology

Teachers in core subjects Tatyana Alexandrovna Semina - teacher of ecology Tatyana Alexandrovna Semina - teacher of ecology She is a teacher of the second qualification category high category She is a teacher of the second qualification category, is being re-certified for a higher category. In 2005/2006, her student Chuprakova E. took 1st place in regional olympiad in ecology in the 10th grade, Zakharova A. - 3rd place in ecology in the 10th grade; in 2006/2007 - Egorova T. - 2nd place in ecology in the 10th grade, Zakharova A. - 3rd place in ecology in the 11th grade. In 2005/2006, her student Chuprakova E. took 1st place at the regional Olympiad in ecology in the 10th grade, Zakharova A. - 3rd place in ecology in the 10th grade; in 2006/2007 - Egorova T. - 2nd place in ecology in the 10th grade, Zakharova A. - 3rd place in ecology in the 11th grade.

Subjects of elective courses in the main subjects* Biological BiologicalCytologyGenetics Human Ecology MicrobiologyBiodiversity Chemical Chemical Journey into the world of pharmacology Chemistry with the basics Agriculture Technology of inorganic products Chemistry in everyday life Spiritual enlightenment in the process of studying chemistry Metals: environment and human health Interdisciplinary: Interdisciplinary: Chemistry and ecology Aesthetics of nature

Extracurricular work in specialized subjects 2005. Bird day. The school team "Ivolga" took third place in the republican ornithological competition of the year. Bird day. The school team "Ivolga" took third place in the republican ornithological competition of the year. Ecological fairy tale. ecological fairy tale. Second place in the republic for staging the author's fairy tale "Volozhka". Second place in the republic for staging the author's fairy tale "Volozhka".

Extracurricular activities in specialized subjects Since 2003, our school has been participating in world days bird watching and cooperates with the Nizhny Novgorod branch of the Russian Bird Conservation Union (SOPR) subject weeks in Biology and Chemistry Every year the school holds subject weeks in Biology and Chemistry In the picture: team captains spend simplest analysis soil at the competition "Chemistry in everyday life" In the picture: team captains conduct a simple soil analysis at the competition "Chemistry in everyday life"

School students take part in scientific and practical conferences on ecology in the region and in the republic and take prizes: 2002 - 2003 D. Oleshko (8th grade) took 3rd place in the region and 2nd place in the practical conference on ecology with the work "The problem of pollution fresh water in the Kozlovsky district" - 2003 D. Oleshko (grade 8) took 3rd place in the region and 2nd place in the Republic at the scientific and practical conference on ecology with the work "The problem of fresh water pollution in the Kozlovsky region" - 2004 Pavlov N., Baturin R. (grade 9) took 3rd place at the regional scientific and practical conference on ecology with the work “Comprehensive study of the river. Volozhki”, 4th place and an incentive prize at the republican scientific and practical conference with the same work - 2004 Pavlov N., Baturin R. (grade 9) took 3rd place at the regional scientific and practical conference on ecology with the work “Comprehensive study of the river. Volozhki”, 4th place and an incentive prize at the republican scientific and practical conference with the same work - 2005 D. Oleshko and T. Lashmanova took 2nd place in scientific and practical conference on ecology in the area with the work “Bioindication of water quality of the river. Volozhka and assessment of the ability to self-cleaning”, took part in the republican scientific and industrial complex - 2005 D. Oleshko and T. Lashmanova took 2nd place at the scientific and practical conference on ecology in the area with the work “Bioindication of water quality of the river. Volozhka and assessment of the ability to self-purification”, took part in the republican scientific and industrial complex - 2006 Oleshko D. took 1st place at the regional scientific and industrial complex on ecology with the work “Soils of the city of Kozlovka and its environs”, participated in the republican conference-festival of creativity of students EXCELSIOR. Lashmanova T., Filippova A. took 1st place at the regional scientific-practical conference on ecology with the work "Studying the dependence of the health status of students 8 "a" class KSOSH 2 on external and internal factors", 4th place and an incentive prize at the republican scientific and industrial complex with the same work; entered the top ten the best works at the Republican conference-festival of creativity of students EXCELSIOR - 2006 Oleshko D. took 1st place at the regional scientific and industrial complex on ecology with the work "Soils of the city of Kozlovka and its environs", participated in the republican conference-festival of creativity of students EXCELSIOR. Lashmanova T., Filippova A. took 1st place at the regional scientific-practical conference on ecology with the work "Studying the dependence of the health status of students 8 "a" class KSOSH 2 on external and internal factors", 4th place and an incentive prize at the republican scientific and industrial complex with the same work; entered the top ten best works at the Republican conference-festival of creativity of students EXCELSIOR.

It is advisable to divide natural science specialties into two large sections:

• chemical and biomedical sciences;
• earth sciences.

Chemical technology

Chemistry in its purest form is more of a theoretical discipline. If we talk about an applied value that is more in demand on the labor market, then we will talk about chemical technologies that lie at the intersection of physics, chemistry and mathematics. The main goal is the transformation of chemical raw materials or material into more usable forms. Chemical technology is also aimed at the discovery and creation of new valuable materials and methods. People working in this field are called chemist-engineers or chemist-technologists.

Chemists-engineers create what we use in ordinary life. The range of industries in which you can work after graduating from the relevant specialty is as follows:

• Water and waste water treatment;
• Oil refining and production of oil products;
• Power generation;
• Beverage and food production;
• Production of cosmetics and textiles.

The chemical and biopharmaceutical industries are among the fastest growing in the world.

Biomedical Technologies

Biomedicine can be defined as an applied field in which engineering principles and technologies are applied to medicine. To succeed in this direction, a specialist must be a good engineer, who is also well versed in medical and biological sciences.

This is a fairly young field of knowledge, so most of the work of a biomedical engineer (or bioengineer) is scientific research and development in areas such as bioinformatics, medical imaging, biomechanics, biomaterials and bioengineering, systems analysis, 3D modeling, etc. As an example of the results of such work, one can cite the development and creation of biocompatible prostheses, diagnostic and medical equipment, and new medicines.

pharmaceuticals

Separately, it is worth mentioning the pharmaceutical industry, which is aimed at the discovery, development, creation and sale of medicines. Large pharmaceutical companies employ people with a wide variety of qualities and education, but most often they are biologists and chemists. An excellent candidate would be a person with two degrees - the first in biology or chemistry, and the second in management, marketing, law, finance, etc. It takes an average of 12 years for a new medical product to pass all the tests and trials and enter the market - you can imagine how many different specialists are involved in this.

Earth sciences

The geosciences cover a very a large number of a wide variety of specialties that study the history and future of the Earth, climate change, ecological problems, providing the population with food, water and energy, preserving natural resources and much more.

The most dynamically developing areas here are energy and waste management, as well as sustainable development. Listing the industries in which geologists, geographers, ecologists and other related professionals can work will take a lot of time. Suffice it to say that such a list begins with aviation and archeology and ends with nuclear physics.
You can also list the most important tasks that are being solved by specialists in the field of geosciences today:

• development of the use of renewable energy sources - the sun, wind, water, etc.
• forecast of the development of planetary systems;
• search for new deposits of natural resources (water, oil and metals);
• conservation of soils and agricultural productivity;
• preservation of the quality of water resources;
• reduction of the consequences of natural disasters (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, mudflows and tsunamis);
• determining the balance between public needs and the conservation of ecosystems;
• understanding and predicting the behavior of climate systems.

Geology

Geology is one of the basic earth sciences. Geologists work with the materials that make up our planet, study its structure and processes. Geologists also study the changes that have taken place on Earth in different eras. Geologists are searching for natural resources, studying catastrophic phenomena.

Meteorology

Meteorologists study the atmosphere and the influence of processes in it on weather and climate change. This is a purely practical science that also studies the impact of human activities on the climate.

Oceanology

Oceanologists study the structure, composition, development and processes occurring in the oceans. The oceans cover most of the planet and are the source of many resources, including energy. The oceans also have a decisive influence on climate.

A separate area of ​​Earth sciences is ecological specialties, which lie at the junction of many disciplines and are experiencing an unprecedented rise today. A good environmentalist must be proficient in chemistry, physics, biology, and geology, and often also in economics, social, and political science.

Learn more information from representatives of universities personally

As you can see, there are a lot of specializations in this area. Therefore, it is easier and faster to decide on the choice of a future specialty by visiting the free exhibition "Master's and Additional Education" in or.

4. Consent of a parent/legal representative to the processing of personal data of a minor (link) (example)

5. Copy of the passport main page and registration;

6. Copy of medical policy;

7. Copy of SNILS;

8. Questionnaire (link);

9. IEP (link)

To study at the New Education Center, you need to draw up an individual syllabus(IUP). Formally, IEP is a set subjects (basic And specialized) and elective courses chosen by you for studying in the 10th (11th) grade. You create your Individualized Education Plan based on draft REC Curriculum.

The REC curriculum consists of 2 blocks: different levels(basic, profile or extended base) and educational services component educational institution(elective courses, practices, project and research activities). You are faced with the task of avoiding formality in this choice, making it conscious on the basis of your owneducational needs and professional prospects . Therefore, we propose to study profile models:

-technical profile (link);

-natural scientific profile (link);

- humanitarian profile (link);

-socio-economic profile (link) .

And answer the questions:

• What areas are included in a particular profile?
• What core subjects should be studied in this direction?
• Supporting directional subjects within the profile?
• What special courses and other types learning activities Can I study in the chosen direction?
• What significant professional and personal qualities do I need to develop while studying in this direction?
• References (download)

Dear applicants, in accordance with the Regulations on the organization of individual selection of students upon admission or transfer to study groups of an in-depth level of study of academic subjects (link), in the New Educational Center, from August 25 to 30, 2019, selection will be held for groups of the second level of in-depth study in mathematics, physics, computer science, history, social science, biology and English language. Without an individual selection procedure, students who have completed grade 9 with a certificate of a special sample, or who have scored 90 or more points in the OGE in the relevant subject, will be enrolled in groups. Demo options are shown below:

Demonstration in Informatics and ICT

History demo

Mathematics Demo

Instructions for compiling an Individual Curriculum OR “How a Minion IEP Was” :

Step 1. I answer the question: “Who do I want to become? / In what professional direction do I see prospects?

Step 2 Explore the profile model

Step 3 study carefully preliminary version REC Curriculum for 2018-2020 academic year (link).

I select the column with the chosen direction and look at the number of hours for studying the subject. If the cell is empty, then the subject is not studied in this direction.

Step 4 Start filling out the IEP. Put the required number of hours in front of general education subjects.

Pay attention to the following points:

• The choice of an item occurs ONLY within the selected profile, it is impossible to choose one profile direction, and items can be “acquired” from another profile direction; It is important to understand that the choice of subjects, elective courses, educational practices takes place within ONE direction!!!
• You will have the opportunity to re-choose a destination after the first trimester
• Distribution per profile and extended base:

Step 5 Now get to know elective courses and activities offered in this area. Educational practices, professional samples, design and research activities are mandatory.

Step 6 . Make a count of the total number of hours. It must not exceed 37 hours a week.

Implementation of the natural science profile

At GBOU School No. 460

There are many interesting and the right people professions. The profession of a doctor has always been considered one of the most respected and honorable. Being a doctor is not just a profession, it is a way of life. Great Philosopher Ancient Greece Socrates said that all the professions in the world are from people and only three are from the gods. The judge, the teacher and the doctor, according to the definition of the sage, receive their gift from above. A true doctor is not the one who has known and deeply studied medicine, but the one who is aware of his duty to people, is endowed with the ability to take responsibility. After all, the cost of a medical error is human life. Therefore, in order to become a real doctor, to feel a vocation for the chosen profession, you need to immerse yourself as deeply as possible in school already at school. mysterious world medicine. And make it on present stage allows professional training.

In the 2016-2017 academic year, a specialized medical group of 10th grade students was opened at School No. 460. The curriculum is drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of the SOO and taking into account the in-depth study of mathematics, chemistry and biology, programs extracurricular activities, additional education resources. The training was carried out in accordance with the plan of specialized medical education and in cooperation with the Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov, healthcare institutions, resource centers educational project"Medical class in a Moscow school".

For teaching subjects profile level teachers of mathematics, chemistry and biology have developed programs of subjects and special courses for studying these subjects at an in-depth level. Biology and chemistry teachers took part in a comprehensive advanced training program, participated in training seminars, master classes, conferences, completed an internship at the First Moscow State Medical University. I.M. Sechenov under the program of teaching biology and chemistry in specialized classes of medical orientation within the framework of the educational project "Medical class in a Moscow school".

One of the tasks of training in specialized medical classes is the possibility of a conscious choice of profession, an understanding of one's place in life. Choosing a profession that corresponds to natural abilities and inclinations is a difficult task. How, among the multitude of things, to find the only one to which he is ready to devote his life, to give all his strength, finding satisfaction in what he has achieved? Unfortunately, it happens that a person does not find himself, due to some circumstances he gives up, begins to go with the flow. But if a person has found his calling, work becomes a joy for him.

According to the creators of the "Atlas of new professions", in the coming decades, medicine will actively connect with the biotechnology industry. Various types of robots and cyber devices will be used in diagnostics, treatment and prosthetics. We are waiting computer modelling development of the disease, high-precision automated microsurgery, as well as microdiagnostic devices with access to the network, the cultivation of tissues and organs from non-rejectable biofibers. The professions that will be most in demand in the medicine of the future are named: a cyberprosthetics specialist, an IT physician, a life designer of medical institutions, an architect of medical equipment, a bioethicist, a genetic, clinical bioinformatician, a medical marketer, a molecular nutritionist, an operator of medical robots, an IT geneticist, a specialist in crystallography, network physician, healthy aging consultant, personalized medicine expert.

In this regard, knowledge of onechemistry or biology for successful study in modern medical university world class is not enough. Already today, a doctor should not only have specialized knowledge, but also be well versed in related disciplines, and be fluent in foreign languages. “If you want to be a doctor, you need knowledge not only inchemistry and biology, but alsophysics , mathematics , foreign language. Five key basic subjects,” said the head of the Moscow Department of Education, Isaak Kalina, at the approbation of the pre-profile exam, which took place in MGMU them. THEM. Sechenov April 6, 2017.

A flexible, well-thought-out combination of components of basic (first half of the day) and additional (second half of the day) education, as well as extracurricular activities at GBOU School No. 460 allows students of the natural sciences to receive a high-quality specialized education. The curriculum of the profile 10th and 11th years involves an in-depth study of mathematics, chemistry and biology, as well as the implementation of extracurricular activities and additional education programs, work on career guidance with partner universities and medical institutions.

During the year, students of the natural science profile underwent independent diagnostics of the Moscow Center for the Quality of Education in environmental literacy, chemistry, the formation of meta-subject skills in the field of natural sciences, and took part in the activities of the First Moscow State Medical University. Sechenov: in testing in chemistry and biology, in the All-Russian Sechenov Olympiad for schoolchildren in chemistry and biology. Tenth-graders became participants in the annual open scientific and practical conference "Start in Medicine", which was held on 04/13/2017 - 04/14/2017-2017 on the basis of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov.

The students were very interested in the workshops that were held within the framework of the project "Medical Class in the Moscow School". Future doctors visited resource centers project, equipped with modern equipment, which allowed students to put into practice their knowledge of biology, chemistry, and the basics of medicine. The work with electron microscopes during the study of micropreparations of tissue sections, blood, sections of the lung, liver, and stomach aroused great interest among future doctors.

In the classroom, they got the opportunity to use medical equipment and mannequin simulators, learn the correct techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, removal of a foreign body from the upper respiratory tract, measuring blood pressure. Delving into the mysteries of medical practice, students with full responsibility and consciously prepare for the choice of the profession of a doctor, for work in medical institutions.

In GBOU School No. 460, much attention is paid to the inclusion of students in the natural sciences in research and project activities, participation in scientific and practical conferences of students of medical classes, in the project "University Saturdays" of the Department of Education of the City of Moscow, visiting health care institutions.

The subject of design and research work natural science students reflects the medical focus: "Isolation of DNA molecules from strawberries", "Influence of temperament on the biological properties of the body", "Study of blood groups in humans according to the ABA system", "Is the water we drink safe?", "Assessment of soil conditions in the Lyublino area”, “Qualitative composition of medicines”, “Influence of tobacco smoke on plants” and others. For the guys, this is another opportunity to immerse themselves in future profession, make sure the selected path is correct.

As part of the implementation of pre-profile training in the 2017-2018 academic year, a propaedeutic course in chemistry "Chemistry around us", " Laboratory workshop”, the number of hours for studying biology has also been increased.

GAOU DPO "Saratov Institute for Advanced Studies

and retraining of educators”

Department of Science Education

Systems approach in the study of natural science subjects - a conscious choice of a profile in high school.

Chemistry teacher, MOU "Secondary General Education

School No. 100, Leninsky district, Saratov

CPC Chemistry Teacher Listener

2012 - 2013 academic year

SARATOV - 2013

1. Introduction. Justification of the relevance of the topic ………………………………………. 3

1. Profiling experience in different countries of the world and in Russia..…………………………5

1. Forms and methods of work in specialized classes……………………………………..5

1. Work on RFP and software within the framework

regional experimental site……………………………..…………...6

1. Conclusions. Pre-profile preparation of students is a guarantee

responsible choice of the student and his success …………………………………..13

1. Literature …………………………………………………………………………...15

1. Applications …………………………………………………………………………….16

1. Introduction. Justification of the relevance of the topic.

In today's world, education is seen as the most important factor formation of a new quality of economic development and social life. The importance of education increases along with the growing influence of human capital. The concept of modernization of Russian education defines the main task of the Russian educational policy– provision modern quality education on the basis of preserving its fundamentality and compliance with the current and future needs of the individual, society, state. As part of the implementation of the priority national project"Education" in general education schools conducts experimental activities in various areas, one of which is the formation of the social competence of students in accordance with their individual educational needs in order to integrate into modern society. And what is the importance of teaching subjects of the natural science cycle in solving this problem.

For several years, higher educational establishments opened new faculties, and schools - profile classes, focusing not on the needs of the market, but on the desires of students, graduates and their parents. Depressing is the constancy with which graduates year after year choose the same professions: lawyer, economist, manager, etc. Professions in the manufacturing sector - the basis of the economy - are almost not represented. One of the main factors influencing the choice of the profession of graduates - "prestige", is also the most insidious, since over the decades the demand for some professions has changed exactly the opposite. In the triangle “the market – professional intentions of young people – vocational education”, relations developed inefficiently, producing unnecessary specialists in order to provide applicants for a huge number of universities, while the economy suffers from a shortage of qualified specialists in the manufacturing sector. It is known that in a market economy there is no need to artificially increase the prestige of some types of activity at the expense of others - life itself will put everyone in their place. Those educational institutions that can quickly and flexibly respond to market needs will remain and develop dynamically.

According to the Ministry of Education and Science, the need for specialists in the following areas is currently forecasted:

Based on the data in the table, it can be argued that under the conditions modern system education, the problem of preparing students for further education in the natural sciences is of particular relevance. Reducing the number of hours in curricula for subjects of the natural cycle, the need for high intellectual potential of students for the successful development of subjects of the natural cycle, the lack of a system in teaching and, as a result, low level student learning reduces interest in these specialties. Lack of interest and fear of the final certification does not allow students to objectively approach the choice of the profile of education in high school.

The relevance of the study is determined by:

1. The social order of society for the formation of fundamental knowledge, skills and key competencies in students, allowing them to continue their studies in high school in the chosen profile (in particular, the natural science direction)
2. The need to develop a holistic pedagogical system on the formation of such knowledge, abilities, skills and competencies in a general education school
3. Orientation to achieve the modern quality of science education
4. Creating conditions conducive to the development of the child's personality
5. The need to determine ways to control the course of the experiment

1. Profiling experience in different countries of the world and in Russia.

The phrases "pre-profile training" and "profile training" - in Lately the most used words in educational institutions. But everyone pronounces them with different feelings and different intonation. Although for people who have devoted a considerable part of their lives to the career guidance of young people, they are filled with special meaning. Now, when the state career guidance system, after several years of perestroika, is on the verge of extinction, there is a need to take advantage of the accumulated experience that has been acquired over several decades. And although our state has realized the need for changes or, more correctly, about the restoration of traditions in education and is actively implementing the ideas of career guidance, it has gone to profile education in such a long and winding way that there is no time to wait for detailed instructions and circulars to be “let down” from above. , no strength.

What is vocational training?

Profile education is a means of differentiation and individualization of education, designed to take into account the interests, inclinations and abilities of students and create conditions for teaching high school students in accordance with their professional interests and intentions due to the special structure, content and organization educational process.

The transition to profile training has the following goals:

1. Providing Deep Learning individual items full general education;
2. Creation of conditions for differentiation of the content of education of high school students in order to build individual educational programs for schoolchildren
3. Ensuring the possibility of obtaining a full-fledged education for different categories of students in accordance with their abilities, individual inclinations and needs
4. Expanding student socialization opportunities
5. Ensuring continuity between general and vocational education
6. Preparing graduates for mastering higher education programs vocational education

Features of profile education:

1. General education at the senior level in all developed countries is specialized
2. As a rule, profile training covers three, less often two years of study.
3. The proportion of students continuing their studies is steadily growing, currently amounting to at least 70%
4. The number of directions in specialized classes abroad, as a rule, is small. For example, two in English-speaking countries:

1. academic
2. non-academic.

Three in France:

1. natural science,
2. philological,
3. socio-economic.

And three in Germany:

1. mathematics - exact sciences- technology,
2. language - literature - art,
3. Social sciencies.

The organization of specialized education differs in the way the curriculum is formed: a fixed plan in France and Germany; choices in England and the USA.

The number of required items has been reduced. Mandatory - natural sciences, foreign languages, mathematics, native literature, physical culture

1. As a rule, the senior profile school stands out as an independent type of educational institution: lyceum - France, gymnasium - Germany, " graduate School» - USA.
2. Diplomas of graduation from high school give the right to direct enrollment in a university (exceptions are military and medical universities and etc.)

Over time, the number of profiles and training courses decreased, the number of compulsory subjects increased.

In developed countries, significant resources are invested in pre-profile training, great importance is attached to "career development". Special courses are taught for children from 5 to 14 years old and are aimed at their self-knowledge, introduces educational opportunities, professions and career planning rules. But, referring to someone else's experience, we must remember that many foreign models are based on the research of Russian scientists and practitioners, educators, psychologists, and philosophers.

Let's turn to history.

1. 1864 - the first experience of differentiation - a classical (to prepare for entering the institute) and a real gymnasium (to prepare for entering specialized educational institutions)
2. 1915 - 1916 - development of the ideas of profile education during the education reform

(P.N. Ignatiev)

1. 1918 - managed to maintain continuity after the revolution; a regulation on a unified labor school was adopted, providing for specialized training in senior classes in three areas (humanitarian, natural-mathematical and technical)
2. 1924 - on the initiative of V.M. Bekhterev, the first career guidance service was created at the Leningrad Stock Exchange and the Institute for the Study of the Brain.
3. 1929 - professional consultation bureau, selection of specialists taking into account their individual characteristics
4. By the beginning of the 1930s, more than 300 papers on vocational guidance had been published. P.P. Blonsky, N.K. Krupskaya, A.S. Makarenko, S.T. Shchatsky, A.T. Boltunov, S.G. Gellerstein, I.N. Spielrein, M.L. Yurlovskaya and others made a significant contribution to the theoretical substantiation of vocational guidance.
5. 1934 - resolution "On the structure of the initial and high school in the USSR", providing for unified curricula
6. 1936 - the resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On Pedagogical Perversions in the System of People's Commissariat of Education" crossed out the attempts of scientists and practitioners to find a balance between the needs of man and the state.

Career guidance has taken spontaneous forms, becoming a problem for graduates and their parents

1. 1957 - The Academy of Pedagogical Sciences initiated an experiment in specialization in three areas:

1. physical, mathematical and technical;
2. biological and agronomic
3. socio-economic and humanitarian

1. 1966 - two forms of differentiation of education according to the interests of schoolchildren were introduced: extracurricular activities (which turned into compulsory subjects) and schools with in-depth study of subjects.
2. In the 1980s and 1990s, new types of educational institutions (lyceums, gymnasiums), art, sports, music and other specialized schools appeared in the country.

2. Forms and methods of work in specialized classes

The modern specialized school of the 21st century is designed not only to equip the student with knowledge, but also to form his need for self-education, create conditions for developing special skills and abilities, in addition to cultivate independence and personal responsibility for his choice.

The official Concept refers to four main goals of profile education:

1. “to ensure an in-depth study of individual subjects of the complete general education program;
2. create conditions for a significant differentiation of the content of teaching high school students with wide and flexible opportunities for building individual educational programs by schoolchildren;
3. to promote the establishment of equal access to a full-fledged education for different categories of students in accordance with their abilities, individual inclinations and needs;

1. expand the possibilities of socialization of students, ensure continuity between general and vocational education, more effectively prepare school graduates for the development of higher professional education programs”.

the possibility of building an individual educational trajectory by the student.

The effectiveness of specialized education in high school is largely determined by the wide use of a number of forms and methods of lesson work. Let's consider them in detail.

Overview and installation lectures- the main form of presentation of new material in the lesson. However, a lecture in its pure form is rather tiring for schoolchildren, so it is more advisable to use a lecture-conversation. At such lectures, high school students get involved in work, argue, bring interesting examples, talk about what they read, draw independent conclusions, i.e. show high activity.

Independent study of basic and additional literaturecan serve important source knowledge for students of specialized classes. The effectiveness of working with literature is determined by several conditions. A list of references must be given to high school students for each section of the program, and sometimes even for a separate lesson. It is also important that the student and literature find each other. The teacher should know the nearest libraries well and, if possible, collect the necessary literature in his office.

Mastering the skills of independent work with a book and other sources of information includes the ability to read and take notes. Organizing independent work schoolchildren with literature, it is necessary to set them up for serious painstaking work, for a deep awareness of the information received, for its comprehension and for the desire to get to the bottom of the problems under consideration. Students of specialized classes must be taught to correctly compose abstracts, annotations, abstracts, formulate the main ideas, classify and summarize the collected facts.

Educational thematic conferencesare held when discussing the most significant and generalizing issues based on materials from several related topics. Rapporteurs are appointed from among the schoolchildren on pre-announced issues. The rest of the students prepare questions and ask them to the speakers, supplement their messages. Preparing for the conference, all students study the textbook material in depth, look for answers to the questions posed in additional literature, developing their own point of view on them.

A common form of conducting a lesson in the formpress conferences. INIn this case, the students of the class are divided into groups of "specialists" and "journalists". Similar forms academic work increase schoolchildren's interest in additional literature, significantly expand their horizons, increase their intellectual level, teach them to concisely express their thoughts, resort to evidence and use the most convincing factual material as arguments.

Writing and defending abstractscontribute to a significant expansion and deepening of the knowledge of schoolchildren, the development of independent thinking, form the skills of information retrieval. The level of independence of writing and the complexity of abstract works increases with the transition from class to class. Abstracts performed by students of specialized grades X-XI are, as a rule, more serious and require a high school student to draw up a work plan, select material, equipment, conduct observations and experiment with a clear recording of the results. When performing these works, students acquire the skills of a research culture and begin to show interest in creativity.

Seminars - another form of work in the lessons in specialized classes. They, as a rule, are planned on topics that students can sort out on their own with the help of additional literature, or when a comprehensive analysis of complex material is required, followed by discussion and generalization. As experience shows, seminar lessons make it possible to intensify independent work of students with educational and additional literature. In preparation for seminars, high school students select material from various sources, make reports, messages; develop their speech and thinking, improve their speaking skills in front of an audience, learn to engage in discussions. During performances, they often use self-made diagrams, drawings, tables. It is at the seminars that students get acquainted with some of the basics of methodology, discuss problematic issues, learn to argue, defend their positions, argue them, etc. special role for final stage teaching schoolchildren in specialized classes acquire, in our opinion, active forms of the seminar:debates, discussions, round tablesand so on. They pursue a special goal - the formation of value judgments, the approval of the worldview positions of schoolchildren.

Experimental tasksare used in the classroom to develop students cognitive activity and independence. No wonder KD Ushinsky pointed out that a teacher who claims to develop the mind in children must, first of all, exercise their ability to observe, lead them from undivided perception to purposeful and analyzing.

Laboratory and practical classes- an important form of lesson work in specialized classes. Such classes are held with the maximum possible independence of high school students. After reporting the topic, goals and objectives of the laboratory or practical work schoolchildren perform it mostly on their own, using instructional cards containing information about the sequence of actions. At the same time, students can search for the necessary information in textbooks and other teaching aids and, if necessary, consult with the teacher. Based on the results of the work, students, as a rule, formulate conclusions, answer a number of questions that are often of a problematic nature. In many cases, the problematic issue is posed immediately before the implementation of practical work.

Tests and testsare held at the end of each program section.

Practical experience shows that one of characteristic features educational process in the conditions of profiling - the presence of a close connection between educational activities and extracurricular work of schoolchildren. Often in science classes, extracurricular work serves as a continuation of educational activities and is aimed at the systematic education of high school students, the development of creativity. Schoolchildren, as a rule, actively participate in research expeditions, field practices, scientific and practical conferences, olympiads, knowledge marathons, and intellectual competitions. They prepare themed evenings, organize exhibitions, carry out environmental work, etc. Extracurricular and classroom work in specialized classes are equal sides of a single upbringing and educational process. It is our deep conviction that only in this case it is possible to achieve the goals of profile education.

These forms of work should, first of all, contribute to the assimilation by schoolchildren of not only the amount of knowledge, but also the methods of activity.

However, all efforts to create profile education at the stage of specialization (grades 10-11) will be in vain if students of the main stage by the end of the ninth grade cannot choose the profile of education in accordance with their desires and opportunities and the social needs of society. Therefore, special attention is paid to pre-profile training.

The purpose of pre-profile training is to teach children to make a mature choice of a profile, to develop the ability to see alternatives, evaluate them, and be responsible for their choice.

Work on RFP and software within the framework of the regional pilot site

In order to socialize the personality of the student and his further professional self-determination, since 2009, experimental work has been carried out at the school on the topic “A systematic approach to the study of subjects in the natural sciences - the basis for a conscious choice of a profile in high school”. Last year, the experimental platform was at the third productive and generalizing stage. The experiment involved teachers of the natural science cycle and class teachers 5 - 11 grades, i.e. attention was paid not only to pre-profile preparation in the 9th grade, but also to early profiling of students.

As part of the experimental activities, the following scientific support has been developed:

1. An educational plan in which subjects of the natural science direction are studied in the system throughout the basic and senior levels of the school

5th grade:

natural science - federal component - 1

6th grade:

biology - federal component - 1

geography - federal component - 1

ecology - regional component - 1

natural science - school component - 1

geographical local history - school component - 1

7th grade:

ecology - regional component - 1

biological local history - school component - 1

8th grade:

biology - federal component - 2

geography - federal component - 2

physics - federal component - 2

ecology - regional component - 1

chemistry - school component - 1

Grade 9

biology - federal component - 2

geography - federal component - 2

physics - federal component - 2

chemistry - federal component - 2

ecology - regional component - 1

elective courses - school component - 3

Grades 10 – 11 profile education

Physico-chemical profile

Chemical and biological profile

Individual plan

1. Compiled work programs in the natural sciences

Natural science (physics, chemistry) grades 5–6 based on the author's program Gurevich A.E. – 1 hour (propaedeutic course)

Ecology grades 5–8 based on the regional program edited by I.M. Shvets; Grade 9, edited by N.M. draft

Biological local history Grade 7 based on the regional program edited by N.V. Dmitrieva, V.Yu. Krestyaninov

Geographic local history - grade 6 based on the regional program edited by R.V. Markina, L.V. Makartseva

Physics, chemistry, biology grades 9-11

From the 5th grade, students begin studying the course of subjects in the natural sciences under the program "Physics, Chemistry" for grades V - VI of a general education school, authors A.V. Gurevich, D.A. Isaev, L.S. Pontak and ecology with elements of biology (regional component). The program "physics, chemistry" is an integrated course in physics and chemistry. The study of this course contributes to the development of students' thinking, increases their interest in the subject, prepares for an in-depth perception of the material and interest in studying the subjects of physics and chemistry, prepares students for the systematic study of these courses. In order to maintain continuity in education, students of these classes begin to study chemistry from the 7th grade under the program of Gabrielyan O.S. The cognitive level of individual students in these classes is very high.

However, it should be noted that in traditional classes the student team is heterogeneous in terms of their preparedness, development, and health status. There are all categories of guys - strong (creatively working), with average abilities and weak. The task of teachers and schools is to create such a microclimate in the school, so that everyone finds a place and a job to their liking. And this helps the organization of extracurricular activities of students.

In order to improve the level of their preparation in these classes, individual-group and optional classes are held in subjects of interest to them outside of school hours.

1. Organization of extracurricular activities of students

1. Organization of individual and group classes for gifted children (preparation of students for participation in Olympiads)
2. Organization circle work for students interested in studying the natural sciences, but with different intellectual potential

1. Scenario cycle developed and tested intellectual games dedicated to Russian scientists (N.N. Vavilov, A.M. Butlerov, D.I. Mendeleev, M.V. Lomonosov, M. Sklodovskaya-Curie). For the purpose of career guidance, scenarios are actively used by SSAU teachers when conducting similar games with students in the Saratov region.
2. Plans for study groups for research activities of students on the basis of SSAU named after A.I. N.I. Vavilov
3. Organization of distance learning

1. Individual-group lessons with weak students

Upon completion of the work done, the school administration conducted a survey of students of different age categories.

According to the results of the survey lower grades it can be seen that the greatest cognitive interest of students is concentrated in the field of chemistry, biology, physics and mathematics. A fairly high percentage was also scored by such areas as sports, military affairs, home economics, radio engineering and electronics, mechanics and design. Tracing the dynamics of the choice of spheres cognitive interests for students in grades 5, 6 and 7, an increase in the percentage of choosing priority subjects is visible. This is largely facilitated by the early profiling carried out at school.

A survey of eighth-graders showed that most of them know that work is underway to organize pre-profile training and profile education, the majority of students are consciously choosing a profile for further education. More than half of the students plan to continue further education at their school and have chosen to study physics, chemistry, biology and social studies at the profile level.

Questioning of high school students showed their positive attitude towards the organization extracurricular activities on the basis of SSAU them. N.I. Vavilov and such work contributed to an increase in interest in professions related to the natural sciences.

All these results allowed the teaching staff of the school to hope for a successful experiment.

1. Systematic training of students at all stages of education is the key to a responsible choice of a high school student and his success.

At present, the role of primary professional self-determination for students graduating from basic school has increased.

The profile of education predetermines the professional choice of students, on which the success of teaching in high school, the preparation of students for the transition to the next educational level, and, in general, to the future professional activity. The more accurate self-determination is, the more likely it is that society will get a good professional specialist.

The need for a professional choice in high school is also due to internal reasons: personal need young man find yourself in society, get an education, an interesting profession that provides a decent existence. For pedagogical science and practice, answers to the following questions become extremely important: how to help schoolchildren find a profession that meets their expectations, abilities, needs, having mastered which they can benefit the state and society, contribute to its economic, moral, patriotic, environmental revival of the country?

Profile education, in addition to an in-depth study of any subject, should contribute to the development of schoolchildren's skills of self-mastery of knowledge, work with laboratory equipment and instruments, conducting and analyzing a scientific experiment.

A systematic approach to the study of subjects in the natural sciences is the most effective method organizing the teaching of natural sciences to schoolchildren, which allows developing the competencies of students, as well as high level thinking, to form applied skills and abilities, the depth of interests and the ability to reflect.

In the early stages of the organization, a number of difficulties arise:

1. overcoming the resistance of some members of the team,
2. the need for advanced training,
3. prevailing stereotypes in the education of children from parents,
4. social problems in society
5. employment problems

All these problems prevent students from deciding on the choice of a profile for further education.

Nevertheless, purposeful work of the entire teaching staff allowed to achieve certain results:

1. To form a positive attitude towards the experiment of the majority of teachers
2. High results of the final certification of students

Thus, when creating a unified system in the school, a stable student and teaching staff arises. And the advantages of such a system are many:

1. So in normal general education school, using different forms of organization of the educational process and methodological techniques, it is possible to train all students, taking into account their individual needs.
2. Students get the opportunity to discover their creative abilities.
3. When organizing extracurricular activities, students are attracted by the competitive aspect, hence the interest in the subject being studied does not disappear.
4. But the most important thing is freedom of choice. The quality of student learning is improving.

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