Jurisprudence      06/11/2020

Problems of primary language education in the light of new federal state educational standards methodical development on the topic. Language education at the present stage of social development Problems of language education

Language education at the present stage of social development

In modern domestic methodological science, the term "language education" is increasingly used. It has a multidimensional nature and involves the consideration of education in the field of FL as a value, process, result and system.

Language education as a value is expressed in relation to it by the state, society and the individual. Consequently, one can speak of language education as a state, social and personal value. As you know, the role of any language is determined by its status in the state and society. Language can be an international means of communication. These are the languages ​​of global distribution and universal culture, performing the maximum amount of social functions. These languages ​​include: English, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese (main languages ​​of UNESCO). If a language is spoken in a number of countries of a particular region (for example, German - in German-speaking countries; Russian - in the CIS countries), this language acquires the status of an interstate language. The language can also play the role of the state or local language. For example, the Russian language in Russia acts as state language, it is the official means of international communication. In turn, local languages ​​include any language used in a particular region, region or county. individual country(for example, Tatar or Yakut and others in the corresponding national-state formations of our country).

The most significant in terms of educational and social opportunities personalities in today's world are the languages ​​of global communication. At the same time, the state and society should create favorable conditions for learning local languages.

Dynamics public life countries and related transformations, interstate integration in the field of education, access to information wealth, to quality education in the country and abroad cause a public need for a large number of citizens who practically know one or more modern (non-native) languages.

The main functions that modern (non-native, including FL) languages ​​perform in society are:

In establishing mutual understanding between peoples - carriers of different languages ​​and cultures;

Ensuring access to the diversity of world politics and culture, including through the means of new information technologies.

Thus, language and, consequently, language education act as an important tool for successful human life in a multicultural and multilingual community of people. Language education also acts as a significant means that forms the consciousness of the individual, his ability to be socially mobile in society and freely "enter" the open information space.

The pronounced need of modern society for high-quality language education finds support at the state level. In accordance with the educational policy, in high school it is proposed to study FL as a subject from the 2nd grade.

At the same time, from the point of view of the state, the continuity of language education at all levels of education and its focus on the implementation of promising tasks of personal development are important, namely: the growth of the average level of education of citizens of the country, the increase in requirements for their general culture, the formation of their readiness for interethnic and intercultural cooperation.

The state and social value of language education should be supported by its personally oriented value. The latter is expressed in the extent to which students are aware of the importance of any non-native language as a means of communication in the modern multilingual and multicultural world and whether they have a need to learn languages ​​and their practical use.

The requirements of the state and society for the results of linguocultural training of students are expressed in the ability of the latter to use the languages ​​being studied in real intercultural communication. At the same time, it is important to form positive motivation and interest in foreign language communication, as well as a willingness to study it in the future.

Linguistic diversity and cultural diversity are currently considered as one of the most valuable elements of the global European and all-Russian cultural heritage and as a philosophy of intercultural social interaction in any multicultural and multilingual society. Linguistic diversity means not only the support and development of languages ​​of global or interstate communication, but also the protection and development of local languages, i.e. regional languages ​​and minority languages ​​living in a particular territory. An individual's multilingualism means that he or she speaks (at different levels) at least two non-native languages ​​as a means of intercultural communication with native speakers.

Russia is one of the largest multi-ethnic states, home to 176 peoples, nations and national groups. The linguistic and cultural diversity of Russia is one of its historical and cultural heritage.

The multicultural and multilingual “landscape” of Russia creates a fruitful basis for the development of the multilingualism of an individual. If we are talking about "exit" to the pan-European and world spheres of communication, then it is very important to familiarize students with a foreign language.

The all-Russian level of intercultural communication requires careful attention to the national languages ​​and cultures of Russia, the languages ​​and cultures of minorities living in Russia. It is this approach that is fundamentally important for understanding modern language education as a value. Hence it is obvious that the concept of "language education" has a broad meaning - the mastery of students, along with native and foreign languages, non-native languages ​​of Russia. At the same time, it is important to realize that all languages ​​are equal. It is also important that there is a need to practically use these languages.

Society and the school should create conditions for self-expression and self-realization of students - representatives of different ethnic and linguistic groups, but living and studying next to each other. This, in turn, should contribute to solving the problem of interethnic integration of the peoples inhabiting Russia.

Language education as a process is aimed at familiarizing students with a new means of communication for them, at their knowledge of a foreign culture and understanding of their own culture, instilling in them a readiness for dialogue and tolerance towards other languages ​​and cultures. According to the anthropocentric principle, which is one of the leading ones in determining the features of modern language education as a process, the student is promoted to the rank of a subject of educational activity and a subject of intercultural communication. This means that it is he who is the central element of the system of school language education. Such a functional load of a student determines the specifics of language education as a process. Firstly, we are talking about creating a situation in the educational process in which students need to show their own activity to solve communicative and cognitive problems. The latter should be creative and problematic. Secondly, it is important to exclude from the learning process possible manipulations by students by the teacher, their little-conscious verbal and mental activity. Students need to develop the ability to independently communicative activity, freely and liberated to realize their communicative intentions, as well as the ability to interact without conflict in different situations communication, including with the help of their non-native language. Thirdly, the student acquires not only communicative competence in the field of oral and written foreign language communication, but also subject-cognitive competence and social-affective competence. The first type of competence involves students' knowledge of a foreign culture, common and different in this culture and their own. In turn, social-affective competence is understood as a system of values ​​brought up on the basis of a foreign culture (tolerance, openness), as well as on the basis of one's own cultural space (development of personal qualities and social responsibility).

As can be seen from the above, modern language education as a process involves the development of the student's personality as a whole, his intellectual (cognitive) and emotional-volitional (non-cognitive) abilities and personal qualities, which are primarily manifested in the language.

The specificity of language education lies in strengthening the cognitive aspects of teaching a non-native language. This involves expanding the scope educational process by including in this process the real individual experience of the student obtained in intercultural communication. For example, modern child learns that next to him in the class are children of different nationalities who know their native language to one degree or another. While studying a foreign language, children can also enter into correspondence, including on the Internet, with their foreign peers. Tourist trips with parents abroad provide great opportunities for developing the ability to intercultural communication.

Language education as a process is a combination of its four equivalent areas: "teacher" - "student" and "language teaching" - "language learning". The school is designed to help each child realize his individual way of mastering a foreign language for him, stimulate him to show his own activity (mental, speech-thinking, creative), and teachers to creatively carry out their professional activities in order to qualitatively achieve the planned results.

All of the above leads to the conclusion that the modern specificity of language education as a process consists in raising the student's status in the educational process and in real communication, motivating him to study languages ​​and cultures, and realizing his personal responsibility for the results of this process.

The result is the formation of general competence and communicative competence among schoolchildren.

General competence is the student's ability to engage in cognitive activity and his ability to communicate with someone else's linguistic culture and learn it. This competence is based on:

1) knowledge about the world and knowledge inherent in a particular culture;

2) individual psychological characteristics of the student (character traits, temperament, attention to the partner in communication and to the subject of communication; readiness and desire to enter into a dialogue with a native speaker of the language being studied), allowing him, with varying degrees of success, to carry out speech activity in the language being studied;

3) skills and abilities that provide the student with effective mastery of a non-native language and culture for him (ability: to work with a textbook, workbook, reading book, dictionary, etc.).

Communicative competence is the ability to understand and generate foreign language statements in a variety of communication situations.

Teaching schoolchildren a non-native language should be aimed not only at developing students' ability to practically use the language being studied in various situations (i.e., developing general and communicative competence), but also at familiarizing children with a different (national) image of consciousness of a carrier of a different conceptual system of the world at the most elementary level. Therefore, as a result of language education, the following can and should also be:

a) the student's readiness to comprehend the socio-cultural portrait of the country / countries of the language being studied and its native peer;

b) ethnic, racial and social tolerance, speech tact and politeness;

c) a tendency to seek peaceful ways to resolve any conflicts, including in the educational process.

So, the student's personality is a determining factor and a condition for the success of language education as a result (however, as well as a process and a value).

Now let's consider the features of language education as a system, which is understood as either a set of educational processes in a foreign language, or a system of educational institutions in which a foreign language is studied. Features of the functioning of the system of language education in educational institutions are determined by the following factors:

Socio-economic and political;

Socio-pedagogical;

methodical;

Sociocultural;

Individual.

Socio-economic and political factors determine the social order of society in relation to the level and quality of training in a foreign language, which is expressed in the prestige / non-prestige of studying a foreign language at school and in the priorities in choosing a foreign language. Thus, due to the new economic and socio-political conditions and due to the greater freedom of educational institutions in choosing the content of education, the priority position in the domestic (as, indeed, in the Western) school is occupied by English language, which supplants other languages ​​(French, German and Spanish).

Socio-pedagogical factors are responsible for the implementation of the social order in relation to the teaching of a foreign language. This is expressed in the definition:

Conceptual approaches to the content of the subject "FL" and its organization in the context of general educational tasks;

The place and status of a subject in language education and in an educational institution of a particular type;

The number of teaching hours allocated for the study of a foreign language.

This group of factors is concretely embodied in such a policy document as the curriculum.

Methodological factors embody the social order of society in relation to the FL at school in the categories of methodological science itself. Here, the results of scientific research in the field of methods of teaching a foreign language and related sciences, the material and technical capabilities that the educational process has, play a role. These factors are embodied in specific programs, textbooks, manuals and other methodological materials.

Socio-cultural factors involve taking into account the socio-cultural context of teaching a foreign language, i.e.:

Commonality / difference between the culture of the country of the language being studied and the original culture of the students;

Remoteness / proximity of the country of the language being studied from the country in which the foreign language is being studied;

The attitude of society towards the people speaking this or that foreign language, its culture and society;

Systems of cultural and social relations accepted in society. Individual factors are the individual and social characteristics of students and teachers, namely:

Their positions as subjects of the educational process;

Their desires, intentions, interests, plans;

Social and cultural orientation;

Level of general development;

Motivation in learning/teaching a language.

Development of a modern system of language education as an important part of the system school education define two main trends:

1) democratization, which is expressed: a) in the unity of the federal, regional and school components of the content of language education; b) the variability of education in foreign languages ​​and freedom in the choice of means, ways to achieve the goal of primary education;

Thus, the main function of the system of language education is a personality-forming function, i.e. systematic training and education of students aimed at mastering them:

A non-native language as a means of indirect and direct communication with native speakers of this language, a means of learning someone else's and one's own national cultures, one's native language;

A non-native language as a tool to successfully navigate the modern multicultural and multilingual world;

Value orientations and norms of verbal and non-verbal behavior, due to the specifics of the socio-cultural, political and socio-economic stages of development of the native country, the country of the language being studied and world civilization.

Urakova Fatima Kaplanovna, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of the Russian Language and Teaching Methods, Adyghe State University, Maikop [email protected]

Actual problems of training humanities students in the context of updating the system of language education

Annotation. The article deals with the main problems of language teaching as one of the priority areas for the modernization of language education, requiring the setting of new tasks and the transition from traditional learning languages ​​to teaching intercultural didactics, carried out in the context of Euro-education and socio-culture. Key words: language education, intercultural didactics, sociocultural approach, multicultural education, communicative activity approach, practice-oriented nature of education. Section: (01) pedagogy; history of pedagogy and education; theory and methodology of training and education (by subject areas).

IN last years in separate official documents of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation, federal programs and various scientific studies of teachers, psychologists, psycholinguists, methodologists, the need to update the content of language education is noted. The setting of new tasks requires a transition from traditional language teaching to teaching intercultural didactics, the use of which is carried out in the context of Euro-education and socio-culture. This provision is reflected in the law on Russian school, according to which individual regions and schools were given the right to determine the strategy and tactics of teaching students according to independently developed concepts and programs. For the first time in language education, an interdisciplinary correlation has been achieved in approaches to the study of both native and non-native languages, including foreign ones. The presence of an interdisciplinary relationship in the Standards for native, Russian, foreign languages ​​and literature allows you to form and develop communicative culture in co-studied languages, prepares students to interact with the multilingual multicultural world, develops a tolerant attitude towards representatives of other peoples. It is thanks to the subjects of the philological profile that students have the opportunity to get acquainted with the achievements of the cultures of other countries in the course of studying their languages ​​and literatures. The acceleration of the pace of development of modern society imposes new increased requirements on the level of philological training of students: 1) the content of education is developed in accordance with the mandatory minimum, continuity is taken into account by levels of general education and academic subjects; 2) the content is set in an activity form (it is determined that as a result of language education, students should know, be able to, use in practical activities and everyday life); 3) control and measuring materials are developed for the state certification of graduates of educational institutions implementing programs of basic general and secondary (complete) general education. Weak orientation high school on entry into a single pan-European and world educational space aimed at multicultural, multilingual education, an extremely slow transition to a new paradigm of education and upbringing, insufficient awareness of teachers about new trends in modern education, an unsatisfactory educational and methodological base - all this negatively affects the individual in the linguistic aspect . The solution of these problems is based on the basic didactic principles of intra-subject connections, inter-subject connections and elements of integration of the studied languages. This process is also associated with the transition to new educational standards (FGOS), methodological basis which are the system-activity approach, the practice-oriented nature of learning and the value of the personal, and not the subject, result of the education of students. Great importance acquires the technology of the educational process, which is based on personal oriented paradigm.According to the new paradigm, a student with needs, abilities, and opportunities is at the center of the learning process. He acts, along with the teacher, as a subject of learning activity, and the teacher - organizer, consultant, partner - provides pedagogical support for his activities. The authoritarian, knowledge-centric technocratic system with a focus on the average student, with a focus on preparing a good performer, has been replaced by a humanistic personality-oriented paradigm of education and upbringing, penetrating all components of the education system. All modern approaches to learning that are especially significant for teaching languages ​​are related to the personality-oriented paradigm: activity (a person exists and develops in activity); socio-cultural / cultural studies (education is the entry / “growing” of a person into culture); communicative-cognitive (communication and cognition, the main ways of getting education in general and foreign language in particular); competency-based (practice-oriented, “determining the goal-oriented orientation of education” (I.Ya. Zimnyaya); environment-oriented (aimed at conscious, purposeful design by each school of its effective educational environment) Personally oriented paradigm acts as a methodological basis for school modernization. On this basis, new educational state standards, a new basic curriculum are being created. In this regard, the following changes in the structure and content of the language teaching system can be noted: Russian, native and foreign languages ​​are combined in one educational field: languages ​​and literature/philology, which emphasizes the relatedness of these subjects; the interdisciplinary nature of the native, Russian and foreign languages ​​as subjects for the formation and development of students is taken into account: a holistic view of the world; ability to professional self-determination; readiness for intercultural professional communication; activity in creative and design research work; the early start of learning a foreign language is legally fixed (from the 2nd grade elementary school); two-level education was introduced in high school: basic (1 hour per week - in Russian; 3 hours per week for studying a foreign language) and profile (3 hours per week - in Russian; 6 hours per week for foreign language+ 6 hours provided for elective courses) levels; the total number of teaching hours for teaching languages ​​has increased, and the duration of the course has increased. In addition, language teaching is officially considered one of the priority areas for school modernization. But, despite the above, there are problems that are typical for school language education in general: insufficient material security of teachers; extremely slow transition to a new paradigm of education and upbringing; insufficient awareness of even qualified teachers about new trends in modern education; the work of schools in some regions of the country in the old way curriculum, classes are not divided into groups; unsatisfactory educational and methodological support for teaching languages: not everywhere there is a choice of educational and methodological complexes (EMC); components of teaching materials are not delivered to schools on time; not all existing teaching materials meet modern requirements; not all teaching materials are provided with audio and video courses; many of the complexes used (as teaching aids) do not ensure the inclusion of students in the dialogue of cultures, are not aimed at the interconnected teaching of languages ​​to students of the national school. But it is the interconnections and the interaction of the studied languages ​​organized on their basis that ensure the effectiveness of the educational environment; serious shortcomings in the training and retraining of teachers (especially in relation to early and specialized training languages). Understanding the three subjects - Russian, native and foreign languages ​​- as components of an interconnected process of teaching subjects of the language cycle will allow us to identify and solve a whole range of complex, yet unresolved, but of great theoretical and practical importance problems: the development of unified approaches to the formation of mechanisms for speech activity in the native, Russian and foreign languages, the unification of methods and techniques for organizing educational activities to manage these; development of recommendations for managing the functions of the languages ​​being studied in educational activities; motivation for choosing the language of communication in various conditions of language contacts; accumulation of experience in language proficiency; development of objective methods for assessing the level of learning in contacting languages, the level of formation of multilingualism, etc.; differentiation of the content of bilingual education and the construction of individual educational programs by means of native and non-native (including foreign) languages; ensuring equal access to full-fledged education for different categories of students in accordance with their inclinations and needs and taking into account the possibilities of Internet education; expanding the zone of positive socialization of students for their development competitive ability to subsequently act in the domestic and international labor market; teaching staff for the effective implementation of educational bilingual programs in a particular educational institution; orientation towards modern strategies and principles of co-learning languages ​​in the context of multicultural education; implementation of consistent socio-cultural development of students in the study of all humanitarian subjects, and not just languages; ensuring the educational process of high-quality educational and methodological and educational literature for a specific model of bilingual education in a particular school in the context of a dialogue of cultures and civilizations. This approach will provide an opportunity to more accurately determine the role and place of the languages ​​being studied, to better use the potential of the process of studying them in terms of shaping the personality of students, to make a real contribution to solving the most urgent tasks of language education: it will allow to mobilize all resources to improve the effectiveness of language teaching, will meet modern national and international requirements.

Links to sources1. SysoevV.P. Integrative teaching of grammar: a study on the material of the English language // Foreign languages ​​at school. -2003. -No. 6. -S. 28.2. Ibid. -WITH. 25.3. Ibid. -WITH. 28.4. Galskova N.D. New teaching technologies in the context of the modern concept of education in the field of foreign languages ​​// Foreign languages ​​at school. –2009. -No. 7. -S. May 9–16. Ibid. -WITH. 9.6. Urakova F.K. Actual issues of language education in the conditions of modernization of educational institutions // Education of a moral personality in a multicultural educational space: materials of the All-Russian scientific practical conference / ed. K.D. Chermita, F.N. Apish. A.N. Outleva. – Maykop: Publishing House of ASU, 2012. – S. 65–68.

FatimaUrakova,Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Russian language and methods of teaching Adyghe State University, Maikop [email protected] problems of preparation of the Humanities in the conditions of the update of the system of language educationAbstract.In the article the main problems of language training as one of the priority directions of modernization of language education requiring the formulation of new problems and the transition from traditional language teaching to learning intercultural didactics, undertaken in the context of eurooplane and social culture.Keywords:language education, intercultural didactics, sociocultural approach, multicultural education, communicative and active approach, the practiceoriented nature of learning.

1. The goals of mastering the discipline

aim mastering the discipline "Problems of language education in the countries of the language being studied" is the formation of general cultural, general professional and professional-applied competencies of the future teacher of a foreign language through illumination actual problems language education in English speaking countries which makes it possible to get an idea of ​​the vectors of development of language education in the world.

The implementation of this goal involves the solution of the following tasks:

educational task course is determined by the following aspects:

Formation of a sense of responsibility and a conscious attitude to educational activities;

Formation of the ability to work in a team, tolerantly perceive social, cultural and personal differences.

General educational and developmental tasks course are determined by:

Raising the general educational and general cultural level of the future teacher;

The formation and development of a meaningful need for constant professional growth and self-development, advanced training.

Tasks in the field of education:

Theoretical and practical preparation of students for professional activities in the field of teaching a foreign language, which implies:

* comparison different approaches to teaching the language accepted in foreign practice: teaching English as a second language (English as a Second Language), English as a foreign language (English as a Foreign Language) or English as an additional language (English as an Additional Language);

* familiarization of students with the concepts of bilingual and trilingual education;

* study of issues related to existing forms of control of language, speech and socio-cultural skills and abilities in the format of international English language exams (KET, PET, FCE, CAE, CPE, IELTS, TOIFL, GMAT, CELTA);

Development in students systems approach to solving educational problems in the field of teaching a foreign language.

2. The place of the discipline in the structure of the BEP of the bachelor's degree

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard higher education in the direction of preparation 44.03.01 - Teacher Education and the profile of training "Foreign language", the discipline "Problems of language education in the countries of the studied language" refers to the variable part of the educational program ( B1.V.DV 4.2) and is a discipline of the student's choice. The basis for its study is the competencies acquired by students in the framework of such disciplines as "Practice of oral and written speech", "Practical phonetics", "Practical grammar". Mastering this discipline is necessary for further improvement of the basic language and general cultural skills, knowledge, skills and competencies, for successful professional activity and successful completion of educational and industrial practices.

3. Competences of the student, formed as a result of mastering the discipline "Problems of language education in the countries of the language being studied"

The process of studying the discipline is aimed at forming the elements of the following competencies in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in this area of ​​training:

general cultural competencies (OK):

  • ability to work in a team, tolerantly perceive social, cultural and personal differences (OK-5);

general professional competencies (GPC):

professional competencies (PC), corresponding to the professional activity to which the undergraduate program is oriented ( pedagogical activity):

  • the ability to organize the cooperation of students, to maintain activity and initiative, the independence of students, to develop their creative abilities (PC-7);
  • the ability to design the trajectories of one's professional growth and personal development (PC-10);

special competencies (SC):

  • the ability to use linguistic means to achieve communicative goals in a specific situation of communication in a foreign language being studied (SC-6);
  • possession of knowledge of national and cultural characteristics of speech and non-speech behavior in their country and countries of the language being studied, applying them in various situations of formal and informal interpersonal and intercultural communication (SK-7);

possession of knowledge about the peculiarities of the way of life, life, culture of the countries of the language being studied, as well as knowledge of the most significant socio-cultural realities (SC-8).

As a result of mastering the discipline, the student must

know:

Features of the educational system in the countries of the language being studied;

General and particular patterns of the process of teaching a foreign language in English-speaking countries;

European standards in the field of foreign languages;

Levels, formats, structure and content of international exams.

be able to:

Work in a team, tolerantly perceive social, cultural and personal differences;

Apply knowledge in the process of solving educational and professional activities.

own:

Terminological apparatus within the framework of the studied discipline;

Methodological base in the field of teaching English as a second, foreign or additional language;

Technologies for acquiring, using and updating knowledge.

4. The complexity of the discipline

The total labor intensity of the discipline is 10 credit units, in total - 360 hours. The duration of the study of the discipline is the first semester.

5. Educational technologies

Course building is determined innovative approach both to the methodology of teaching the discipline, and to the system of organization of the IWS in the discipline. The course is based on the principle of integration of classroom studies, built on the basis of a personal-activity approach and interactive teaching methods.

Active: independent work student with literature, with scientific, educational and reference resources of the Internet, performing tasks of an analytical nature in the following modes: 1) individual work mode, 2) work mode in pairs, 3) work mode in microgroups, discussions, creating presentations on given topics ( Power Point Presentations).

Interactive: interactive lectures (with feedback and quizzes), role-playing game, round table, collective educational and research project.

The following are used in the classroom adaptive technologies:

  1. individualized tasks:
  2. adaptive test;
  3. work in groups of different types;
  4. self-control;
  1. mutual control.
  2. 6. Forms of progress control

The discipline program provides for the following types of current control:

Evaluation of detailed lecture plans,

Blitz poll at the end of the lecture,

Estimation of abstract protection,

Evaluation of messages based on the results of collective educational and research work,

Evaluation of multimedia presentations,

Development of mini-tests,

Evaluation of reports,

Final testing.

Attestation is carried out in the form of an exam in the 1st semester.

Introduction

The modernization of school education, which is currently being carried out in our country, is associated, first of all, with a qualitative renewal of the content and ensuring its developing cultural character. In this regard, special attention is paid to creating conditions for the development of the student's creative personal potential and expanding the possibilities of modern in-depth education, including language education.

The formation of a student's ability for intercultural communication contributes to the development of personal qualities: sociability, tolerance, culture of communication. In general, students should realize that the study of a foreign language leads to mutual understanding of people - representatives of other cultures, to knowledge of the cultures of other peoples and, on the basis of the latter, to an awareness of the cultural identity and values ​​of their people. The content of teaching foreign languages ​​at school involves the mastery of both direct (speaking, listening) and indirect (reading and writing) forms of communication within the limits indicated in the program for each specific stage of education.

Recently, the question of the use of new technologies in education has constantly arisen. Speaking of new technologies, we mean not only technical means, but also new forms and methods of teaching, as well as a new approach to the learning process in secondary schools.

In the modern world, schooling in general and teaching foreign languages ​​in particular require a revision of both the general methodology and specific methods and techniques, that is, a revision of the concept of education. Entry into the world community, various processes taking place in the spheres of politics, economics, culture, mixing and movement of peoples and languages ​​determine the problem of intercultural communication, mutual understanding of communication participants belonging to different nationalities. All this cannot and will not affect the methods of teaching foreign languages, and cannot but pose new problems in the theory and practice of teaching foreign languages.

The problem of teaching a foreign language as a means of communication is of particular importance in modern school. Thus, the main goal in teaching foreign languages ​​is the formation and development communicative competence schoolchildren, teaching practical mastery of a foreign language.

All this determines the relevance of this work.

Object of study: the process of teaching foreign languages ​​itself.

Subject of research: modern concepts of education.

The purpose of the study: to study the problem of the content and structure of modern linguistic education.

Structure and content of modern linguistic education

Language policy in the field of linguistic education: goals, principles, content

It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the term "communication" is one of the most "fashionable". It is often found in a wide variety of modern discourses: in scientific and technical, political, economic, socio-theoretical. This term is most actively used, perhaps, in the context of a discussion about the socio-cultural specifics of the current stage of development of society, in which, according to the generally accepted point of view, education plays a decisive role.

At the same time, education is considered not only as a type of cognitive, culture-forming and socializing activity of an individual at a certain stage of his life, but as a continuous process based on communication. This follows from the dominance both in the social sciences and in political world ideas about the modern social community, characterized by a variety of terms: "post-industrial society", "postmodern society", "information society", etc. The essence of such descriptions is to emphasize the special role of knowledge. One of the most successful metaphors in defining modern sociality belongs, as is known, to M. Castells, who represents society as a gigantic and all-encompassing network structure of communications.

The importance of effective communication, as a rule, is determined by the need to ensure economic competitiveness, on the one hand, and mutual understanding of peoples on the European continent, on the other. The "construction" of a plural-lingual and plural-cultural "citizen of Europe" is thus seen as one of the most important socio-political tasks of the European Union.

In this regard, language educational policy is undoubtedly an essential component of the overall policy in the field of education, both in terms of addressing economic and social objectives, and in maintaining democratic citizenship and a sense of belonging to the "European home".

The issues of language policy are becoming increasingly relevant for Russia in the context of its economic reorientation and in connection with its declared and real entry into the world space with all the ensuing consequences for politics, education and culture. If we turn to the texts of modern official documents on national educational policy, we can see that the following are proclaimed as key imperatives and goals: integration Russian system education in the common European educational space and taking a competitive position in this system; entry into a global/regional expert community that shares a common ideology and culture, ensures the development of a common metalanguage, a common understanding of the content of education and its results. To this end, the importance of supporting a variety of social partnerships and cooperation through bilateral and multilateral models between educational institutions Russia and abroad, between higher and secondary vocational education and other institutions of society, especially enterprises and business, between Russian and foreign social institutions.

In modern society, we can talk about three main areas of controversy that are directly related to the problem of "lifelong education" and education in its traditional sense, in the center of which is the language.

The first, fueled by various conservative ideologies, is based on the cultural and symbolic significance of the language, its representative function, a kind of function of the "flag" of national and ethnic identity. It is this discourse that has become noticeably more active in recent times, both on domestic soil and in Europe.

The second direction can be conditionally characterized as liberal in a broad sense, since it is usually based on roots that go back to certain principles of classical liberalism - to the concepts of "free market", democratic values ​​and civil society. It is around these principles that the neoliberal argumentation about globalization, on the one hand, and the European argumentation of the legal "communicating community" in the spirit of J. Habermas' "deliberative democracy", on the other hand, is built.

The third version of the discourse goes back to the critical paradigm of social thought, which to some extent absorbed certain Marxist motifs in their latest interpretations, for example, in the works of representatives of the Frankfurt School, as well as in such methodologically oriented areas of sociology as the socio-analysis of P. Bourdieu.

As for the first of the directions, emphasizing the national-ethnic aspects and symbolic functions language, its revival has recently been considered as a kind of reaction to the intensification of globalization processes and is associated with the collapse of the socialist bloc. In the 1980-1990s, at the intersection of sociolinguistics, political and cultural ethnography, anthropology and political science, a new theoretical direction began to develop - "political linguistics", focusing on symbolic principles in the interaction of language, politics and ethnicity, considering symbolic and communicative functions languages ​​as relatively independent. One of the important sociolinguistic concepts is the concept of "language ideology", which refers to the formation of a stable opinion about the language, the system of prerequisites and beliefs on which the solution of language issues in educational and other contexts is based. In the sphere of linguistic ideology are, for example, opinions about characteristic features language: ease of assimilation, the ability to adequately reflect modern phenomena, convey the meaning of scientific provisions, the value attached to the language in the labor market. One of the most widespread language ideologies is based, in part, on the hypothesis that the value inherent in languages ​​is not the same, and therefore there is a certain linguistic inequality.

Despite the complexity and inconsistency of the processes of linguistic development among the peoples of Russia, researchers note that the communicative power of many languages ​​​​of the ethnic groups inhabiting it has steadily declined, while their symbolic significance has been constantly guarded. These languages ​​were practically not used in official everyday life, in office work, in the non-humanities. In the post-war period, with rare exceptions, the circulation of books in these languages ​​was steadily declining, and the number of schoolchildren studying in national languages ​​was declining. Cultural and linguistic processes that began in the late 80s - early 90s also proceeded in a complex interweaving of communicative, or practical, instrumental principles with symbolic principles. After the collapse Soviet Union for many, it became obvious that too optimistic assessments of the success of the Soviet language policy turned out to be premature. Despite the fact that the Russian language continues to act as the dominant language in the CIS and is still widely spoken in the former Soviet republics, the political component is increasingly coming to the fore, causing its rejection in a number of emerging nation-states. Particularly painful is the rejection of the Russian language, as is known, in the former Baltic republics, in which, especially after their entry into the European Union, it is being replaced by English, which is increasingly performing the function of a lingua franca. This is due to the desire of the states that left the USSR to use national language as a symbol of political autonomy and a tool for constructing a new political identity.

Thus, in the linguistic policy of the "pre-perestroika" period in relation to the languages ​​of the peoples living in the territory of the former Soviet Union, and later the CIS, a tendency to emphasize symbolic aspects to the detriment of communicative ones prevailed for a long time.

The underestimation of the communication-linguistic aspect in the emerging new sociality is manifested both in relation to the realities of post-Soviet ethno-linguistic and political-linguistic relations, and to the imperatives of international integration and the general socio-cultural tasks of building a civil democratic society. As for the first point, it seems that the problem of a single language of communication in the system of education and science for representatives of certain ethnic minorities and peoples living in the territory of the former Soviet Union is not yet acute enough. Linguistic and educational heritage of the Soviet cultural policy, which led to the widespread use of the Russian language, still provides a certain linguistic unity and a situation of diglossia, including in the field of education and employment. Nevertheless, it is impossible to ignore the already emerging trends towards the displacement of the Russian language by other foreign languages, especially in the border regions. At the same time, as in the whole world, there is an active penetration of the English language into many political and educational contexts.

Recently, in the context of the growing internationalization of the Russian economy, education and science, the issue of communication and linguistic tools for Russia's entry into the international scientific and educational space, especially in connection with joining the Bologna process, has become much more relevant.

Discussions on this issue are closely integrated with the conceptual field and issues of "lifelong learning" and are part of the general "liberal", in a broad sense, discourse, in all the variety of economic, political and socio-cultural varieties and manifestations. The most popular and widely used concepts around which the two main strands of this discourse are built are, as already noted, democratic civil society and globalization.

As regards the first direction, a typical illustration of the "linguistic turn" in social theory we can consider the approach of J. Habermas. Based on the concept of "deliberative democracy", he proposes to consider the practice of joint construction and improvement of the constitution as a discursive situation in which personal rights are justified and legitimized through democratic discourses of public discussion.

Another influential point of view on the role of language in education and society as a whole is presented in the works of the famous French sociologist P. Bourdieu, who considers language as one of the social practices. The education system in general and linguistic education in particular, as well as language policy, both official and implicit, are considered by him in connection with the concept of "linguistic capital" as one of the ways to implement symbolic power. In his approach to language and linguistic interaction, P. Bourdieu relies on the concept of social practice he developed.

In a society that speaks a single language, this practical ability is far from evenly distributed, different segments of the population have different opportunities and abilities to adapt to the linguistic "market", that is, they have different amounts of what P. Bourdieu calls "linguistic capital". Moreover, the distribution of "linguistic capital" is associated with specific ways of distributing other forms of capital - economic, cultural, etc., the configuration of which determines the place of an individual in a given social space.

Accordingly, differences in accents, grammar, and vocabulary, which are usually not taken into account by formal linguistics, are, in essence, a kind of indicators of the social positions of speakers and a reflection of the amount of "linguistic capital" that they possess.

According to P. Bourdieu, the legitimization of the social world is not, as some believe, the product of a deliberate and purposeful action of propaganda or symbolic "imposition". It is rather "the result of the fact that people, as 'agents', apply to the objective structures of the social world structures of perception and evaluation that they derive from these structures themselves and tend to present the world as if obvious from themselves."

The presentation of the "linguistic" aspect of educational practices in the context of "lifelong learning" would be far from complete without referring to the most politically influential discourse, based largely on economic ideologies and built around the concept of globalization. It is he who largely determines both European and domestic educational policy. The logic of the argumentation of the "globalization" direction is perhaps the best known and most widely used in various discourses of social construction, both in the global context and on domestic soil.

In the course of globalization, which implies a qualitatively new level of quantity and complexity of information, financial and human flows, the importance of language competence is radically increasing, becoming an indispensable condition and factor in the successful development of social processes and individuals. This is manifested in the sphere of competition for jobs in the international labor market, in the expansion of opportunities for free choice of residence and tourism, as well as in the expansion of life horizons through the experience gained as a result of contact with the cultural achievements and successes of other peoples. It contributes to the understanding of other value systems, worldviews, ways of life and is a prerequisite for participation in the social order. The linguistic codes favored by the society reflect the real social organization and may contribute to or, on the contrary, hinder the formation and development of new relations. Any social interaction, be it the exchange of information, mutual influence and other forms of cooperation, is possible only if there is an environment and a means of interaction. The problem of language competence, therefore, is closely related to the success of the implementation of the program focused on "lifelong learning".

With the intensification of international interactions, communication skills are increasingly coming to the fore, new forms of "literacy" required to work with new technologies, as well as the knowledge of one or more foreign languages, in the full sense acquiring the meaning of "linguistic capital". Communicative linguistic "competences" are seen as "basic skills" necessary for any member of society to receive education, work, cultural interaction and self-realization: in this sense, language learning is a lifelong process. The study of foreign languages, in accordance with this approach, contributes directly to the creation of a competitive economy based on knowledge, improving general cognitive abilities and strengthening native language skills, laying the foundations for the formation of an entrepreneurial mentality. In this regard, one of the important tasks of European policy is to demonstrate the importance of learning languages ​​and build a system of "language education throughout life", providing the necessary infrastructure, financial, human and methodological resources. Thus, the traditional view of language as a symbol of national identity is being replaced by new approaches, according to which language is viewed as an economic entity. The "reification" of languages ​​affects both the motivation of people and the choice of a particular language for learning. In addition, it directly affects the funding priorities for language education at the level of public institutions, both public and private.

It is no coincidence that the last decades have been characterized by an unprecedented increase in interest in the study of foreign languages, especially English, the teaching of which has become a powerful industry both in English-speaking countries and in various regions of the globe. Russia is far from an exception in this sense. Proficiency in at least one language other than one's native becomes a guarantee of obtaining promising work, career advancement, successful economic and political cooperation and, last but not least, ordinary human communication and understanding.

Other an important factor that has a significant impact on the change in the teaching and learning of languages ​​are revolutionary changes in the development of communication technologies. An increasing part of the Russian population is becoming more or less involved in the social and cultural life of other countries through new means. mass media, such as satellite television, video and audio products and other forms of modern communication. The Internet not only opens up access to a huge amount of authentic discourses of various kinds, but also makes it possible to communicate interactively with native speakers of other languages ​​and cultures, including convenient time in native mode. Multimedia, audio and video technologies make it possible to organize learning with a teacher much more effectively, and also provide opportunities self-study language tailored to individual needs. The result of this explosion in the language teaching business has been the development of a variety of curricula, thousands of textbooks and manuals, the latest technical means, as well as the emergence of a new theoretical discipline related to "second language acquisition". The study and teaching of foreign languages, thus, has already become de facto one of the most popular and actively developing areas of "lifelong learning".

A serious problem of domestic linguistic education is the growing need for new generation specialists who are able to successfully adapt and creatively approach the constantly changing requirements and conditions of the educational environment. Until recently (and in many educational systems- and to the present) languages ​​were studied in order to be able to read and understand the literature of another culture, that is, for the perception of written information, and not for the purpose of communicating with other people on a wide range of issues. Language was both the subject and the content of the lessons. Accordingly, the training of teachers was mainly of a literary-historical and special-scientific nature. In the new communicative space that the world is becoming more and more of, the traditional content of linguistic programs and teaching methods requires a radical revision.

The opening educational and professional prospects of activity in the international context are increasingly serving as a source of external motivation in the study of foreign languages, introducing "healthy pragmatism" into the formation of learning objectives, encouraging entry into the global educational space, which also means integration into the international system of language education, which involves the use of on a European scale of uniform educational standards, the development of comparable criteria for assessing educational levels and training programs.

CHAPTER 1. social philosophy as a methodological basis of language education.^

§1.1. Ontological foundations and the concept of language education

§ 1.2. Theoretical aspects of the interaction of language, worldview and language picture of the world in the educational process.

§ 1.3. Integrity of language as a basis for improving language education.

CHAPTER 2. The specifics of the formation of language education in modern society.

§ 2.1. Features of the formation of language education in the information society.

§ 2.2. Trends in the development of language education in the context of globalization.

§ 2.3. Development of modern language educational space.

Recommended list of dissertations

  • National-language educational policy in the multicultural society of the North Caucasus 2004, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Lezina, Valeria Vladimirovna

  • Ethnolinguistic problems of the formation of a common educational space of the European Union 2009, candidate of pedagogical sciences Bondarenko, Sergey Alexandrovich

  • Linguistic and psychological-pedagogical foundations of primary teaching of the Tatar language in schools with Russian as the language of instruction 2000, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Kharisov, Firaz Fakhrazovich

  • Linguistic and didactic system of professional and communicative training of specialists in higher technical school 2009, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Romanova, Nina Navichna

  • State language policy of the Russian Federation: implementation technologies in the context of ethnocultural diversity 2006, candidate of political sciences Kalinina, Evgenia Nikolaevna

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Language education in modern conditions: socio-philosophical analysis"

The relevance of the socio-philosophical study of language education as a linguistic reality is due to the role that language, being an integral part of the national identity of the people, plays in the processes of socialization of the individual. The problems of language education are of particular importance in modern conditions (there has been a change in social relations, there are rapid change in the education system), when the prestige of the Russian language as a language of interethnic communication decreases. This, in turn, reduces the national self-esteem of people.

The decline in the prestige of the Russian language as a result of the existing inadequate language policy can have disastrous consequences: the current generation is losing touch with the heritage of its people, which entails the degradation of the foundations of the state's existence.

As a result of reforming the education system, the accepted standards for language learning do not imply a high level of knowledge, since the language basis, which acts as a worldview component in education, is actually emasculated. Language education acts as a way to implement the conscious impact of public institutions on the functioning and interaction of languages, therefore, it is impossible to allow the transfer of the subjects "Russian (native) language" and "literature" into the category of optional for study, as well as reducing the number of hours in these disciplines. Language is necessary for a person as the spirit of the people, its worldview, since with its help we think and communicate; these functions of language are socially the most important.

Modern study language excludes its consideration only as a means of cognition. It is also necessary to study language education as a way of organizing and implementing social development. It is the socio-philosophical analysis of language education that makes it possible to focus on the problems of language in education; in the context of changes taking place in society and in the education system itself, the ontological nature of changes in language education is revealed; specific axiological characteristics of modern language education; epistemological foundations of language education in the context of mastering a person's native and non-native languages ​​and the praxeological direction of language education itself.

The multidimensionality of linguistic reality and language policy are interrelated. The importance of language education as a form of implementation of the language policy of the state (especially multinational) is increasing, since the solution of language problems should be aimed at the formation of a certain language state of society. Thus, the preservation of national and linguistic identity does not exclude other problems related to the first language and language education. b^

The language approach in education reveals the basis (core) of education, since it reflects all the processes taking place in society (the ontological aspect of language education), which is characteristic of society at all stages of its development. And today, in the conditions of the information society, when information and knowledge come to the fore, language is still a material carrier of information.

The relevance of the study of language education is becoming more acute, as there is a struggle for dominance in the information space. The competitiveness of the state of an individual person) depends on the possession of information, so the loss of information due to the language barrier is one of the most pressing social problems of our time. The ability to work with 4 information in both native and non-native languages ​​provides an advantage for a person in any field of activity. At the same time, it should be noted that the level of knowledge of a non-native language depends on the level of proficiency in the language that a person considers his native; it is in the native language that the process of formation of the ability to think takes place.

The global political, economic, cultural and migration processes taking place in society imply a change in attitude to language education, moreover, taking into account new requirements, which is impossible without a philosophical reflection of this problem. The language educational space must be organized in such a way that it refracts - language policy, which, on the one hand, should help strengthen the position of the native (Russian) language, and on the other hand, promote the "development of other languages, taking into account the specifics of the real language situation in the world, what determined the research topic.

The degree of development of the problem r,\u003e - "

Of fundamental importance for this dissertation

(M "and research has an approach according to which language is a fundamental philosophical category, the basic principles of the study of which are laid down in the works of I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay, V. von

Humboldt, F. de Saussure, M. Heidegger and others.

We see an analysis of integrativity (as a manifestation of the specifics of language education) in the process of cognition in the works of such classics of philosophy as W. von Humboldt, H.-G. Gadamer, as well as modern scientists V. S. Stepin, M. N. Volodina, I. A. Zimnyaya, N. A. Knyazev, A. A. Potebnya, V. N. Sadovsky, I. Kharitonova, S. Ya. Yankovsky and others.

The analysis of the category "language" includes three main aspects: firstly, a study from the point of view of its internal structure as a sign system that serves to encode and decode 5 messages

G. P. Shchedrovitsky, O. A. Donskikh and others); secondly, research from the point of view of the functions it performs as a means of communication (V. A. Avrorin, M. S. Kozlova, G. V. Kolshansky, Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky, I. P. Susov, etc.); thirdly, research from the point of view of the conditions of its existence as a cultural and historical fact (V. A. Avrorin, M. N. Volodina, U. Labov, Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky and others).

In general theoretical terms, T. A. Artashkina, B. S. Gershunsky, V. A. Dmitrienko, B. O. Mayer, N. V. Nalivaiko, V. I. Kudashov, R. A. Kurenkova,

V. I. Parshikov, S. A. Smirnov, N. M. Churinov, etc. But the works of such authors as N. E. Bulankina,

N. D. Galskova, N. I. Gez, E. I. Passov, S. A. Smirnov, G. V. Terekhova,

S. G. Ter-Minasova and others.

The study of the functioning of the language in the socio-historical aspect is devoted to the works of N. I. Beresneva, V. V. Eliseeva, M. N. Volodina, G. V. Kolshansky, V. I. Kudashov, U. Labov, Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky, N. M. Churinova and others; the interdependence of language and information in the information society: W. J. Martin, E. Toffler, etc. The study of the correlation of language, worldview and language picture of the world in the educational process is devoted to the work of L. Wittgenstein, G.-H. Gadamer, W. von Humboldt, P. Ricoeur, E. Sapir, W. Whorf and other researchers; among modern scientists are Yu. D. Apresyan, G. A. Brutyan, G. V. Kolshansky, V. I. Postovalova, S. G. Ter-Minasova, and others.

The works of I. A. Pfanenshtil,

N. A. Chumakova, N. M. Churinov and others, as well as works related to the analysis of the processes of communication between cultures in the conditions of globalization (V. V. Mironov); economic aspects of linguistic inequality (A. Lukacs); the importance of the Internet as a new communication system (O. V. Novozhenina, V. M. Rozin, V. Ya. Plotkin, etc.).

Disclosing the specifics of mastering the native and non-native languages ​​in the process of language education is of particular importance in the studies of the authors on the problems of the essence of the native and non-native languages: the works of V. B. Kashkin, V. G. Kostomarov, M. Mamardashvili, A. S. Markosyan, S. G Ter-Minasova, E. O. Khabenskaya and others; on problems of language and psychology - L. S. Vygotsky, P. Ya. Galperin, D. A. Leontiev and others.

The goals of a comprehensive analysis of language education as a linguistic reality are due to the dissertator's appeal to the problem of language education in modern conditions (social and philosophical analysis). (

The problematic situation, to which the present work is directed, lies in the contradiction between:

The lack of an adequate socio-philosophical concept of language education in modern conditions and the objective need to create it;

The discrepancy between the adequate concept of language education and the practice of the language approach in education in the conditions of the formation of the information society and Russia's entry into the global educational space.

Object of study: language education as a social phenomenon.

Subject of study: socio-philosophical analysis of language education in modern conditions.

The purpose of the study: the implementation of a socio-philosophical analysis of the specifics of language education in modern conditions. | *1< I < I <14 I, I

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following interrelated tasks:

1. Determine the methodological foundations for the analysis of the problems of language education and show the methodological function of social philosophy for the study of issues of language education; to determine the ontological content of the concept of "language education".

2. To explore the theoretical foundations of the interaction of language, worldview and language picture of the world in the modern educational process in the context of the modernization of the educational system.

3. To reveal integrativity as a condition for improving language education from the standpoint of social philosophy, considering language as a means of cognition.

4. Show the socio-philosophical aspect of the determinism of changes in language education by the development of information

> g society. G

5. Determine the trends in the development of language education in the context of globalization and informatization of society. "

6. Present a socio-philosophical analysis of the main factors in the development of the modern language educational space in the context of modern language policy.

The methodological basis of the study was philosophical methods, as well as methods developed in linguistic studies (G. P. Shchedrovitsky, O. A. Donskikh, V. A. Avrorin,

M. S. Kozlova, G. V. Kolshansky, Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky, etc.).

A heuristically valuable methodological basis for analyzing the conditions and specifics of the formation of language education is the unity of ontological (the study of language education as an essence), axiological (identification of values ​​and conditions for their change 8

I l » W fft I< äi ä г j *->in modern society), epistemological (substantiation of the specifics of mastering native and non-native languages ​​in the educational process), anthropological (learning a language by its role for a person, purpose in a person’s life, functions for the development of a human personality) and praxeological approaches (ways of transforming language education as a subsystem educational practice).

The basis of the theoretical study was the works of the philosophers V. A. Lektorsky1, N. A. Knyazev2, V. I. Kudashov3, B. O. Mayer4, N. V. Nalivaiko, I. A. Pfanenshtil, N. M. Churinov.

Scientific novelty (provisions submitted for defense):

1. It is shown that "language education" is a process of mastering systematized knowledge about the sign systems of native and non-native languages, allowing to carry out speech activity, not limited by one's own language space, in order to establish mutual understanding and form the skills of I interaction between speakers of different languages ​​and cultures , as well as the I process of education by means of native and non-native languages. ^

2. The theoretical foundations of the interaction of language, worldview and language picture of the world in modern

1 Lektorsky V.A. Epistemology classical and non-classical. - M.: URSS, 2001.

2 Knyazev H.A. Philosophical problems of the essence and existence of science: monograph. -Krasnoyarsk, 2008.

3 Kudashov V.I. Dialogical Consciousness as a Development Factor modern education: The essence and specificity of the relationship: dis. . Dr. Phil. Sciences: 09.00.01. -Krasnoyarsk, 1998.

4Mayer B.O. Epistemological aspects of the philosophy of education. - Novosibirsk: Ed. NGPU, 2005.

5 Nalivaiko N.V. Philosophy of education: concept formation; resp. ed. B.O. Mayer. - Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008.

6 Pfanenshtil I.A. Modern processes of globalization in the system of main projects of science (social and philosophical analysis): dis. . d. philos. n.: 09.00.11. -Krasnoyarsk, 2006.

7 Churinov N.M. Perfection and freedom. 3rd ed., add. - Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2006. educational process. The difference in people's vision of the same objects of the real world is fixed in their minds by the picture of the world given by their native language, and does not imply the possibility of combining pictures of the world embodied in different ways in language systems, which is one of the main difficulties in mastering a non-native language. Conflicts in a multinational (especially in a globalizing) society arise, on the one hand, in connection with the need for any person to preserve the identity in their native language, and on the other hand, in connection with the need for people to understand each other, since society inevitably faces problems that arise in the conditions of interethnic communication, and language education makes it possible to mitigate the conflict situation.

3. The integrative nature of language education has been established, which manifests itself in the fact that language, as a special form of reflection of objective reality, makes it possible to form adequate images of reality with its help. The integrativity of the language in the educational process has a significant potential, which

Not fully implemented in language education. Shown, that

The organization of non-fragmentary knowledge in the modern system of education remains ineffective until education is based on language as a means of cognition, as a means of communication in native and non-native languages. It is substantiated that the language approach acts as a meta-approach in education.

4. The relevance of adequate changes in language education in the course of the formation of the information society, which is manifested in changes in the conditions of interaction between people at the language level, is revealed. The development of the modern information society has led to a change in the standards of human life: competition is intensifying

1 states (individual) for information. Necessity

10 to compete with dignity in the conditions of the world community forces to learn non-native languages. The goal of language education can no longer be only the development of language knowledge, skills, and the formation of the ability to participate in intercultural communication is fundamental in language education.

5. It is shown that in the context of globalization, the trends in the development of language education are manifested, on the one hand, in the process of homogenization of curricula, and on the other hand, in the need to study non-native languages ​​for the purpose of practical communication. This is due to the fact that at the international level there is a struggle for the status of the language as the language of international or interethnic communication. The dominant language is the one that occupies a dominant position due to the political, economic, scientific, technical and other conditions of life of the world community. The spread and approval of the English language as the language of international communication diminishes the importance of other languages, which is why it is so important to respect the native language and attitude to language education as an implementation of the language policy. * d

6. It is shown that the omissions of the national language policy contribute to the displacement of the Russian language as one of the leading languages ​​in the language space: the sphere of interethnic communication using the Russian language is narrowing. These omissions in the educational policy are expressed in an unjustified decrease in the number of hours for teaching the language (transferring it to the category of an elective), which inevitably entails the emergence of more and more negative phenomena.

Theoretical and scientific-practical significance of the study

The work combines various aspects and studies of language education in the conditions of the modern information society.

The materials of the dissertation research and the conclusions contained can be used in teaching courses on social philosophy, cultural studies, methodology and philosophy of education; for further analysis of trends and patterns of language education in order to increase the effectiveness of educational activities during practical classes in the system of language education.

Approbation of work

The main provisions and conclusions of the dissertation are reflected in fifteen publications with a total volume of 4.5 pp, including 4 editions of the journal accredited by the Higher Attestation Commission, with a total volume of 2 pp; in the author's speeches on U-m Russian philosophical congress; international scientific and practical conferences; during the teleconference Sumy, Ukraine - Novosibirsk; all-Russian conferences; Siberian Philosophical Seminar.

Thesis structure

The dissertation research consists of an introduction, two chapters, each of which contains three paragraphs, a conclusion and a list of references.

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Dissertation conclusion on the topic "Social Philosophy", Zagorulko, Lyubov Petrovna

Firstly, it has been established that the predominance of integrative language interactions is manifested in the fact that all languages ​​are suppressed by the one that occupies a dominant position due to political, economic, scientific, technical and other conditions in a certain space.

Secondly, it was revealed that globalization and the rapid development of information technologies, the need (and possibility) of access to information sources, the possibility of expanding the social and economic freedom of the individual, focusing not so much on the process of mastering the language, but on obtaining education through the language necessitates the study of foreign languages. languages ​​in order to develop practical communication between representatives of different

97 cultures, as well as for mastering new information technologies.

Thirdly, it has been proven that language education is a tool of human life in a multicultural and multilingual community of people, enabling the individual to adapt to new cultural, linguistic and socio-economic conditions.

In the next paragraph, we will consider the development of the modern language educational space.

2.3. Development of modern language educational space

In this section, we will analyze from a socio-philosophical point of view the development of the language educational space, taking into account modern migration processes, based on the epistemological context of the philosophy of education. We have already referred to the works of V. A. Lektorsky, B. O. Mayer, as well as

G. Bateson, who study the epistemological aspects of the philosophy of education and develop a scientifically verified categorical apparatus for various humanities (in our case, for language education). So, it seems to us a constructive idea

B. O. Mayer that the human factor should be taken into account not only using axiological and praxeological approaches. Taking into account the practical component can only be successful “as a result of studying the epistemological features of a given reality in all its “ontological” sections: anthropological, social, functional, personal, etc.”

92, p. 15]. According to V. A. Lektorsky, in connection with the expansion and change in the understanding of knowledge, its relationship to information, to processes in computer systems, there is such a discipline as social epistemology, which explores cognition in the context of the functioning of social and cultural structures (in our case

98 native and non-native languages) [see: 85, p. 189, 6-7]. Since cognition is ontologically justified, we adhere to the opinion of E. N. Ishchenko that it is necessary to solve fundamentally new epistemological problems related to the study of “sociocultural, linguistic, historical aspects of cognition, identifying “channels” for the penetration of tradition into the structure of the cognitive act.” . We believe that it is within the framework of the epistemology of the philosophy of education that it is possible to establish links with special sciences, such as psychology, linguistics, etc., which will allow us to see the ways of developing the modern language educational space. In the context this study epistemology allows one to explore the mechanisms of objectification and realization of knowledge in systems of native and non-native languages.

Both education in general and language education in particular have the task of preparing the student for life in a multicultural society, the basis of which should be a "spiritually rich human personality" .

We agree with V. A. Lektorsky that communication, understood as a dialogue, provides the key to understanding the problems that arise both in the development of knowledge and in society and culture, which is one of the main topics of non-classical epistemology [see: 85, With. 12]. At present, society has found itself in such a situation when it comes to "the need to see<.>in a different system of values, in a foreign culture, not what is hostile to my own position, but what can help me in solving problems that are not only my own, but also the problems of other people and other cultures, other values ​​and intelligent systems countdown".

The need to study the connections between the subjects of cognitive activity is due to the fact that they involve communication, are socially and culturally mediated, and change historically. How

99 writes V. A. Lektorsky, “the norms of cognitive activity change and develop in this socio-cultural process. In this regard, a program of social epistemology is being formulated, which involves the interaction of philosophical analysis with the study of the history of knowledge in a socio-cultural context. Since “the emergence of the information society makes the problematics of obtaining and assimilating knowledge one of the central ones for culture as a whole,” insofar as “the problems and nature of the theory of knowledge change significantly. New ways are being found to discuss traditional problems. Questions arise that did not exist for classical theory knowledge". Epistemology does not give priority to the classical relation of "subject - object - knowledge", but to the structure and dynamics of knowledge itself. According to V. A. Lektorsky, “if for the classical theory of knowledge the subject acted as a kind of immediate given, and everything else was in doubt, then for the modern theory of knowledge the problem of the subject is fundamentally different. The cognizing subject is understood as initially included in the real world and the system of relations with other subjects. The question is not how to understand the knowledge of the external world (or even prove its existence) and the world of other people, but how to explain the genesis of individual consciousness, based on this given. In the context of this study, we proceed from the postulate of V. A. Lektorsky that “within the framework of the non-classical theory of knowledge (epistemology), there seems to be a kind of return to psychologism.<.>The theory of knowledge proceeds from the fact that certain norms of cognitive activity are built into the work of the psyche and determine the latter.

Various aspects of the problem of mastering native and non-native languages ​​in the process of language education are considered in the works of the following authors: V. I. Belikov, V. B. Kashkin, V. G. Kostomarov, JI. P. Krysin, M. Mamardashvili, A. S. Markosyan, S. G. Ter-Minasova, E. O. Khabenskaya (problems of the essence of native and non-native languages); J.I. S. Vygotsky, P. Ya. Galperin, D. A. Leontiev, I. A. Zimnyaya (problems of psychology and language); R. S. Anderson (scheme theory).

Migration processes caused by the development of the information society and globalization are changing the "architecture" of the language educational space. Based on the fact that the educational space is a form of unity of people, emerging as a result of their joint educational activities [see: 188, p. 4], it can be argued that the language educational space is formed as a result of the joint educational activities of people, the basis for which are the needs of the subjects participating in it for mastering their native and non-native languages. We believe that the language educational space in the context of globalization is influenced, on the one hand, by the factors of the educational space itself (acting as a general in relation to the language space), and on the other hand, by the specific conditions for the formation of the language space. The meaning of the concept of "language educational space" for the study of national and international language space lies in the awareness of the need to take into account the differences between a person's mastery of his native and non-native languages, as well as understanding the interdependence in the study of native and non-native languages.

NE Bulankina defines language space as a form of human existence. In our opinion, the methodological foundations for the study of this concept are already laid down in the works

W. von Humboldt, however, a holistic socio-philosophical analysis from the point of view of epistemological differences in the tradition of mastering native and non-native languages) was not carried out. Circle, which, according to V. background

Humboldt, "each language describes around the people to which it belongs and from where a person is given to exit only insofar as he immediately enters the circle of another language" can be defined as a national and international language space. We will consider the circle of the native language as a national language space, and crossing the border of this circle and entering the circle of a non-native language - as an international language space. These two spaces are in complex interaction with each other.

The development of the international language space directly depends on the development of the national language space. Migration enhances the significance of the international language space, which stimulates the development of the language educational space. This is due to the fact that mastering a non-native language does not occur by repeating the process of development that has already been completed, but is accomplished through another, previously learned speech system, standing between the non-native language and the world of things [see: 24, p. 204]. Therefore, mastering a non-native language can be carried out with the help of the native language, influencing it. So, starting to study a non-native language, a person transfers the system of meanings from his native language to a non-native one. In addition, mastering a non-native language allows you to generalize the phenomena of the native language and helps to realize that the native language acts as special case language system [see: 24, p. 266-267]. Based on the dialectics of the general and the particular, it can be assumed that the language educational space is a collection of languages

102 and subjects educational process interacting with each other; that is, we are talking about a specially organized social space (as a form of movement of human existence in the form of certain actions of people, as well as conditions, means and results of life processes, and not just as a condition for the organization of social processes [see: 188, p. 3] ), which is built adequately to the historical era. It should be emphasized that an effective educational policy, special requirements to reform in the field of education play a significant role for the optimal functioning of the language educational space.

From the point of view of E. N. Ishchenko, in modern conditions it seems obvious that consideration of the subject of humanitarian knowledge should take into account “the idea of ​​the “other” embedded in the thinking and cognitive activity of a person” . As A. A. Polyakova writes, “the idea of ​​a dialogue of cultures gets a special sound in the current conditions,” since the dialogue of cultures in education, which is based on the recognition of equality, will allow the individual to develop not only the ability to appreciate their native culture, but also “an image of a culture of peace and non-violence, willingness to communicate, ability to cooperate with representatives of different cultures.

Since native and non-native language and represent two different communication systems, it is necessary to understand the processes by which a person expresses his thought and communicates in his native and non-native languages.

To do this, let us turn to the study of the concepts of "native" and non-native languages. The most common is to consider the mother tongue as the language of the mother. First stage learning the native language is usually carried out as a result of the influence of parents. Even

103 in cases of simultaneous acquisition of two native languages ​​from infancy as initial, initial in the process of formation of the ability to think, mother's language should be considered native [see: 78]. In our opinion, this statement cannot be considered indisputable.

Under the native language, E. O. Khabenskaya means “the language of that ethno-cultural community with which the individual associates himself”. Considering the native language as a powerful factor that forms the ethnic identity of the individual, draws attention to the fact that its perception is "determined as individual psychological features person, and a variety of external circumstances and causes (political, economic, cultural, etc.) ".

Based on the fact that the native language may correspond to the nationality, but may not coincide with it (especially in the context of global migration processes), V. I. Belikov and L. P. Krysin distinguish the concept of the native language from the ethnic one [see: 9] . Only the person himself determines which language is his native language. Native language- this is a language that has been mastered by a person from the moment when he began to learn to speak [see: 129, p. 40].

According to A. S. Markosyan, the native (first) language is a language learned spontaneously from one of the parents (for example, in a bilingual family), a language behind which “the humanization, the “primary socialization” of the child stands” . The native language is, according to the definition of S. G. Ter-Minasova, “a tool for cognition, information transfer and a carrier of culture, it reflects the world, stores and transmits knowledge about this world, its vision by this people, attitude. At the same time, he forms a native speaker who, together with his native language, receives ideas about the real world imposed on him by this language, its categorization, etc.” .

According to VG Kostomarov, a person cannot have two maternal languages ​​[see: 75, p.11]. Native and non-native languages ​​can be compared as the language of the soul and the language of memory, and memory manifests itself selectively, retaining only what is of practical importance [see: 76, p. 28]. Unlike V. G. Kostomarov, Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky holds a different point of view. He distinguishes between national origin and native language and believes that "children in families with a mixed national origin may have two or more native languages" . This, in his opinion, refutes the concept of the "innate sociality" of the language and the dependence creativity person from the nature of the language.

M. Mamardashvili described the phenomenon of the native (maternal) language as a matter with such properties as continuity and infinity. From his point of view, wherever a person goes and wherever he comes, he cannot retreat from his being in it and remains inside this infinity [see: 97].

Next, consider the concept of "non-native language". By "non-native language" we mean a foreign language and a second language. Although A. S. Markosyan by the term “non-native language” means only “non-foreign” language, he considers a foreign language as a language that “is not native for the person studying it and which is not learned spontaneously, but consciously in the course of institutionalized learning (at school , at the university, in courses, etc.). This is a language behind which, for a person who masters it, there is a certain (usually “not close”) social, cognitive, cultural reality. A second language is a language that is acquired, as a rule, in a social environment and acts as a real means of communication, along with or after the native language [see: 28, p. 3].

The etymology of the term "foreign language" in different languages shows that for Russian it is the language of "another country", for a German,

105 of an Englishman or a Frenchman - "foreign language" or, more precisely, "the language of a foreign, extraneous", "alien" language. A foreign language occupies a certain place in the system of sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic and socio-philosophical concepts associated with the possession and mastery of languages. There are a number of problems that are common to the process of mastering any non-native, but, as A.S. Markosyan calls it, a “living” language [see: 98]. A "living" language implies real functioning, practical possession of it.

In order to master a non-native language, according to A. Martinet, it is necessary to comprehend another world objectified differently in the language, “to learn to analyze in a different way what constitutes the subject of linguistic communication” . A foreign language, due to the mismatch of concept systems in different languages, makes you think about the meanings of words, notice different shades of these meanings, teaches you to separate a thought from the means of its expression, that is, it helps to understand unity (and not identity, which, in our opinion, is important) language and thinking, leads to a better knowledge of the native language, as it requires a generalization of linguistic phenomena and a more conscious operation with previous concepts [see: 24; 174].

Summarizing the above, we can conclude: the native language is the language learned spontaneously; with its help, the process of formation of the ability to think and the formation of a native speaker who receives the ideas about the real world given by this language take place; the native language may or may not correspond to the nationality.

By a non-native language, we will understand a foreign and second language acquired consciously; Moreover, the second language is acquired, as a rule, in a social environment and acts as a real means of communication. Non-native language teaches to separate the thought from the means of its expression.

Mastering a foreign (non-native) language is the comprehension of another world, otherwise (otherwise) objectified in the language.

In order to identify the mechanisms of mastering native and non-native languages, it is necessary to turn to the schema theory.

Scheme - the basic unit of the theory of the scheme, denoting generalized knowledge or a system of cognitive structures, that is, higher mental processes which are used to understand and explain the world. Schema theory describes how the background knowledge that is obtained about the surrounding reality is formed. This theory suggests that diverse and numerous knowledge is organized into mental blocks called schemas. As people learn about the world around them, they form knowledge by creating new schemes or adding new knowledge to existing blocks. Schema theory, along with linguistic theory, has made a certain contribution to the theory of language learning - both native and non-native. Traditionally, in the study of a foreign language, the main thing was the language material itself, and not the individual studying it. It was assumed that it is the word, sentence or text that is the bearer of meaning and exists independently of the speaker and listener, the reader or writer of the text. With this approach, unsuccessful attempts to understand the text were explained by linguistic problems: the lack of the necessary vocabulary for the individual, ignorance of grammar, etc. The use of schema theory within the framework of the psycholinguistic model in education made it possible to propose new approaches to learning foreign languages. The formation of background knowledge should take place in such a way as to ensure their quick and efficient application in a new situation to new information.

R. S. Anderson [see: 196] considers the schema as an abstract structure that summarizes information and also shows the relationship between its components. According to him, schemes are

107 structures of knowledge on which the individual relies not only when understanding the text, but also when interpreting it, conjectures and assumptions. In addition, schema theory brings a person to the fore in the process of learning a language, because it is his background knowledge that is the decisive factor in mastering the meaning of the text. At the same time, effective understanding not only does not deny, but also requires the active use of the native language in the processing of textual material. The importance of schema theory for cognitive activity lies in the fact that it helps to explain how a person understands, remembers and reproduces information, as well as his mental actions within this activity. The basis of the theory of schemes is the following postulate: the meaning extracted by a person from a foreign language text lies not in the text, but in his background knowledge. To understand the text, you need to activate the appropriate scheme at the time of processing the text. The individual is included in the process of creating associations between the corresponding scheme and the information received from the text. In order to activate those schemes that are needed in cognitive activity, the value of the studied material must be significant for the individual.

People acquire different experiences and knowledge, so everyone forms their own view of the world, their ideas and schemes. I. Kant wrote back in 1781 that new information, new ideas can only be meaningful if they are associated with something that a person already knows [see: 60]. However, without any shared knowledge and schemes, communication in the world would not be possible. It is these general schemes that underlie successful communication and interaction of people both within the same linguistic community and between representatives of different peoples.

The schema theory that is known today owes its existence to R. S. Anderson. The term "scheme" applies to any

However, it must be remembered that a schema is not separate knowledge, but a network within which the individual elements of knowledge are interconnected and interdependent. These are a kind of “cells” for convenient storage and even more convenient retrieval of information, facts, events and life experience from memory. In the theory of education, the term "scheme" was first used by Piaget [see: 206]. According to Piaget, information that is consistent with pre-existing ideas and already existing experience is readily accepted. Piaget describes this as cognitive assimilation, meaning the schema assimilates new information. When the new information does not fit into the schema, but is nonetheless familiar to the individual, the schema can change to accommodate the information. According to Piaget, the adaptation of existing knowledge structures in the light of new information leads to the cognitive development of the individual. Therefore, the schema concept is used to study cultural differences in cognitive processes [see: 93].

Thus:

The scheme denotes the generalized knowledge used to cognize and explain the world;

The scheme is not separate knowledge, but a network within which the individual elements of knowledge are interconnected and interdependent;

Adapting existing knowledge structures in the light of new information leads to personality development;

Schema theory helps to explain how an individual understands, remembers and reproduces information, as well as his mental actions within the framework of cognitive activity;

Schemes underlie the communication and interaction of people both within the same linguistic community and between representatives of different peoples.

Native and non-native languages ​​develop in different contexts and have different epistemological traditions. The proof of this, in our opinion, can be the fact that during the primary cognition that accompanies the formation of an individual picture of the world of the child, the object of influence does not yet have communicative skills, and a person studying a non-native language already knows (should know) speech in his native language. The level of native language proficiency depends on a person's life experience. Any person learns the meanings of the words of his native language from the world around him, from his communication experience; the meanings of the words of a non-native language - from dictionaries, from a teacher, etc. The assimilation of a non-native language, unlike the native, begins with the alphabet, reading and writing, studying grammar and the meaning of words, etc. The native language acts as a unity of the functions of communication and generalizations.

In a wide variety of approaches and theories to the problem of mastering a non-native language, the main goal is to understand the processes through which a person expresses his thought and communicates.

Being engaged in metacognitive research, that is, studying the opinions and views of ordinary people (not linguists) on the language, as well as on their own linguistic and mental activity, V. B. Kashkin concludes that a non-native language is perceived as a “subject” of study, and not as a means of communication. Consequently, the acquisition of a non-native language by most users is associated with cumulative knowledge, and not with the development of communication, that is, in their opinion, the more meanings of words you know, the better you will know a foreign language. People who know a foreign language(s) have a metalinguistic sense that is fundamentally different from ordinary knowledge, that is, they know not only what to say, but also how to say [see: 64].

A non-native language is an educational and cognitive need or a need to realize the form of expressing one's own thoughts and mastering it, that is, it is acquired consciously and intentionally, while the native language is acquired unconsciously and unintentionally [see: 24, p. 265]. A person masters his native language due to the spontaneous process of development of thinking in ontogenesis.

Together with the native language, a person learns social experience. When mastering the native language, the assimilation of the language and activity occurs simultaneously, that is, the meaning of the word in the native language is understood automatically due to the commonality of the sociocultural context. Lexicon of a person (even minimal) in his native language is relevant for him and allows him to master the outside world.

Language means and activities in a non-native language must be understood not only from the point of view of "how", but also "why" and "why" in order to understand why this activity is carried out. To learn a foreign language, it is not enough to learn a lot of words. Knowledge of words does not guarantee the ability to combine them into sentences in speech in the appropriate situation. So that for speakers or writers, as well as for listeners or readers, any statement does not represent the well-known phrase of Academician L.V. the process of using language tools. Such phrases do not reflect the function of language as a means of fixing information about the external world and its exchange in the process of communication, although from the point of view internal structure c. S, »1L, . , .¡V I< " «V" „" " " ",! ". ■ *" языка возможен грамматический анализ предложения по окончаниям слов и понимание семантических признаков слов из их морфологии.

According to G. V. Kolshansky, language simultaneously acts both as a product of a person’s mental activity and as a form of this activity, and its existence should be based on the correspondence (adequacy) of the thinking language process to the reflected objective reality [see: 68, p. 26].

It can be said that the system of a non-native language, which a person begins to study, is “embedded” in the already existing system of the language in which a person was taught to think and began to understand the world and national-cultural socialization [see: 76]. It should be noted that the process of embedding in a foreign cultural process enhances the process of awareness of one's "I".

The same thought is realized in different languages ​​by different linguistic means (words). Consequently, there are difficulties in understanding and translating this word into Russian.

Words ( speech patterns) in their native language are easily recognizable, since a person already perceived it in the same form and with the same meaning. Consequently, the native language is perceived as easy, and foreign, respectively, as difficult, due to the fact that words (speech patterns) require comprehension (including explanation), and then understanding.

Knowledge of another language is the result of studying the language system, and bilingualism is the possession of types of speech activity, that is, the real possession and use of two languages ​​in certain situations of life. The mechanism of bilingual formation is a collision of the subject's inner semantic world with other semantic worlds [see: 98].

A person needs additional efforts to correlate the new language designations with the concepts already known to him, for which the language units of the native language are fixed in his mind.

B. O. Mayer notes that “in the context of an active search for “norms” and basic invariants of the emerging education that would translate cultural experience in the conditions of the modern “open” world, philosophical reflection on the unconscious epistemological invariants of the picture of the world, which literally “ embedded" in each of us by our native language, which differ significantly in different languages ​​and are not recognized, but impose both epistemological and ontological restrictions on all our reasoning" .

Assimilation of a non-native language occurs later, so a person has a feeling of his “lowered emotionality” and this can lead to an unconscious desire to forever remain among “their own” and rejection of the surrounding culture.

Non-native language is included only in the communicative activity of the individual. The student communicates in specially given conditions (in the classroom), using a non-native language, but does not use it in his direct objective activity. The native language is included in the subject-communicative activity of the individual.

A person is not aware of the reasons for choosing a word or form. It is not necessary to know "why" and "for what". As A. I. Fet writes: “We learn our native language without any grammar, and hardly any literate person (unless he teaches this language) thinks about it when he speaks or writes. Moreover, we all know that in habitual sequences of actions memorized from childhood, the intrusion of conscious consideration is only a hindrance. According to N. I. Zhinkin, the process of self-learning is underway [see: 49].

At the same time, the formation of both linguistic and social

113 personality of the child. Language becomes a necessary means of communication and mental activity. The child begins to think in grammatical categories, without being aware of them. Grammar categories become a form of thought.

Due to the difference in the ways of forming and formulating thoughts in the native and foreign languages, it is necessary to teach the very method of forming and formulating thoughts (namely, language activity through the activity itself), and not just the means - words and rules of the language.

A sentence in the native language is built according to the grammar rules of the native language, and in a non-native language - according to the grammar rules of a non-native language, that is, when translating a sentence into a non-native language or from a non-native language into a native language, the student needs to cross the “circle boundary” and develop a new scheme of actions. The student tries to “fit” new knowledge into the old worldview, and therefore fails (V. B. Kashkin) [see: 64].

Therefore, in order to learn a non-native language, it is not enough to learn a lot of words. Knowledge of words does not guarantee the ability to connect them into coherent speech in the appropriate situation. The passivity of students is due to the fact that they expect to receive discrete portions of knowledge that you just need to remember, that is, to replace their internal activity with work with external objects. When learning a non-native language, the student gets an idea about the use of an isolated structural pattern in a limited context.

When completing tasks to fill in the gaps, students are guided by other people's statements with a given context, which strictly determines the choice of the grammatical design of the statement. Grammar rules determine exactly how to fit words together, because from this one can always predict which form should be used in a given

114 context. In practical communication, the context is set by the speaker himself, taking into account his communicative intentions and possession of language tools, his interpretation of reality and the prediction of the partner's reaction in the dialogue. The linear translation strategy does not lead to the desired result. Verbal understanding is based on the speech experience of the individual, subject - on a certain life experience, knowledge of any facts, conditions, etc. Substantive understanding requires the establishment of causal relationships between facts. Based on this, the logical understanding of a statement in a foreign language occurs as a result of complex mental operations (analysis, synthesis), which, in turn, leads to a certain direction thoughts and the unification of parts into a whole, and language is perceived as a whole.

If we consider the language code as a “code” of human thinking, then the study of a non-native language will represent the assimilation of the rules for transcoding from a native language to a non-native one. Due to the fact that a person has to simultaneously encode and decode messages, there is a "junction of speech and intellect".

I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay repeatedly emphasized that the feeling of language by an individual “within himself” is of an unconscious or partially conscious nature. The language for its bearer exists as a subconscious slumber", as "unconscious aspirations", vague ideas", "a vague and indefinite idea"

14, p. 191]. The scientist emphasized the unconsciousness of the linguistic processes occurring in the individual, the absence of special volitional efforts; but all this is true, in his opinion, only for the native language, since only it is "assimilated without the participation of the will of both someone else's and one's own." In relation to non-native language Baudouin de

Courtenay noted a certain degree of awareness of internal language processes; so, he considered the criterion freehold foreign languages ​​possible greater fluency with possibly less

115 reflections. Speaking about the “mixing” of languages ​​“in a person’s head”, the scientist, being a polyglot himself, defined the nature of language processes as “semi-conscious”.

Summarizing the above, we can draw the following conclusions.

Firstly, it is shown that it is within the framework of the epistemology of the philosophy of education that one can establish links between psychology and linguistics, which allows one to explore the mechanisms of objectification and realization of knowledge in the systems of native and non-native languages ​​and to see the ways of development of the modern language educational space.

Secondly, the dependence of the development of the language educational space in the context of globalization, on the one hand, on factors related to the educational space proper, and on the other hand, is influenced by the specific features of the formation of the language space, is substantiated. Migration enhances the significance of the international language space, which stimulates the development of the language educational space.

Thirdly, based on the dialectic of the general and the particular, it can be assumed that the linguistic educational space is a set of languages ​​and subjects of the educational process that are in interaction with each other, that is, we are talking about a specially organized social space in which a dialogue of cultures is built. stimulating the development of each person included in it.

CONCLUSION

In this dissertation research, the author carried out a socio-philosophical analysis of language education as a social phenomenon in modern conditions. To achieve this goal, a methodological analysis of language education was used, as well as a comprehensive, socio-philosophical and interdisciplinary approach, representing a theoretical analysis of the interaction of ontological, epistemological, axiological and praxeological aspects of the transformation of modern language education, which represents a new scientific direction studies of the philosophy of education as a section of social philosophy.

The study was based on the consideration of the theoretical and methodological foundations of language education and the specifics of its formation in modern society. As a result of the socio-philosophical analysis carried out, a unified approach to the consideration of the problems of language and education is theoretically substantiated. Definitions of the concepts of language education, language educational space, native and non-native languages ​​are given to V. The dissertation research makes an important theoretical conclusion that the study of the problems of language education is primarily a problem of social philosophy.

New theoretical foundations for the interaction of language, worldview and language picture of the world are determined in connection with the solution of educational problems related to the mastery of a person's native and non-native languages. It has been established that the worldview as a model of objective reality based on the images inherent in the psyche of the individual can exist without language means, but the worldview, being a part of the worldview, is impossible without language means. The difference in people's vision of the same objects of the real world is fixed in their minds - in the form of a picture of the world,

11 / given by native language. The combination in the minds of different pictures of the world, differently embodied in language systems, is one of the main difficulties in mastering a non-native language.

The integrative nature of language education as a process of holistic cognition is substantiated. Since language does not provide direct knowledge about reality, but is only a means of formation, a form of existence and expression of thoughts about objective reality, it allows a person to go beyond direct experience and draw conclusions in an abstract, verbal-logical way. The integrativity of language education is manifested not in the unification of an arbitrary set of elements, but in the discovery of new connections and relationships between components - due to inclusion in new systems of connections (with the help of language).

The conditionality of the formation of language education by the laws of the development of the information society is revealed. This conditionality is manifested in changing the conditions for the interaction of people at the language level. Communication is a key element of such interaction. The activity of information processes changes the traditional system of cultural communication: communication becomes conditioned by the laws of the information society. Due to the fact that language acts as a special type of social information interactions, one of the requirements for the system of language education is the development of skills to work with any information not only in the native language, but also in a non-native language and the formation on this basis of an autonomous, but non-reproductive mindset.

The trends in the development of language education in the context of globalization, understood as one of the main patterns of the development of the information society, are revealed. The predominance of integrative language interactions is manifested in the fact that one language of interethnic communication dominates, which occupies a dominant position due to political, economic, scientific and technical, modernization and other conditions in a certain space. Globalization and the rapid development of information technologies, the need (and possibility) of access to information sources, the possibility of expanding the social and economic freedom of the individual, focusing not so much on the process of mastering the language as on getting education through the language have necessitated the study of non-native languages ​​in order to develop practical communication between representatives of different cultures and mastering new information technologies.

A socio-philosophical analysis of the main factors in the development of the language educational space is presented, taking into account modern migration processes. It is shown that the migration processes caused by the development of the information society and globalization change the "architecture" of the language educational space. The language space can be represented as a national and international language space. Since native and non-native languages ​​are two different communication systems, the patterns of mastering native and non-native languages ​​do not repeat. The native language acts as a means of mastering the social experience of the society in which the cognitive, communicative and other social needs and abilities of the individual are formed. A non-native language and mastering it in the conditions of total migration represent the assimilation of the rules for transcoding from a native language into a foreign one, that is, the objectification of another world in the native language. Migration enhances the significance of the international language space, which stimulates the development of the language educational space. Based on the dialectic of the general and the particular, it can be assumed that language education

11U space is a set of languages ​​and subjects of the educational process that are in interaction with each other, that is, we are talking about a specially organized social space in which a dialogue of cultures is built, stimulating the development of each of its participants.

One of the principles of philosophical understanding of a person's involvement in the world process is to address the issues of language education. The language is studied on the basis of its role for a person, its purpose in life, as well as its functions for the development of personality.

Summarizing the above, it can be argued that the phenomenon of language education is of particular interest to scientists specializing in the study of language problems in education, since it makes it possible to further study it from the standpoint of social philosophy. The philosophy of education, being a section of social philosophy, allows:

Determine the epistemological foundations of language education in the context of a person's mastery of his native and non-native languages;

Explore the ontological nature of changes in language education;

Highlight the axiological characteristics of modern language education;

Outline practices (praxeological aspect) of improving modern language education.

This approach is, in our opinion, a new and promising direction in the theory and practice of language education in the context of the transformation of both the whole society and the education system in particular.

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