The history of international relations is inscribed in a broad historical context, the influence of various factors on it is shown. community development- ideological, economic, internal political, etc. The historical approach to the presentation of the evolution of international relations is complemented by elements of political analysis.
Volume 1. From Peace of Westphalia before the end of World War I
The textbook covers the main events and problems of the history of international relations from the formation of the Westphalian system to the end of the First World War. The book characterizes the main trends, principles and customs of international relations at this time, the role and significance of international congresses, conferences and treaties. The history of international relations is inscribed in a broad historical context, the influence of various factors of social development on it - ideological, economic, internal political, etc. is shown. The historical approach to the presentation of the evolution of international relations is supplemented by elements of political analysis. The periodization of the history of international relations is based on the formation, evolution and change of various systems and subsystems of international relations - European and peripheral. Found them out common features inherent in the international order in general, as well as local and historical specificity. Educational texts illustrated with materials historical sources and historiography.
Volume 2. Interwar period and World War II
The textbook is devoted to the history of international relations and the foreign policy of the Soviet state in the period between the two world wars and during the Second World War. The international political process in the interwar twenty years (1919-1939) is considered as the history of the formation, evolution and subsequent collapse of the Versailles-Washington system - the first global international order created by the Entente powers after the First World War. Separate sections of the book with positions systems approach cover the history of international relations in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, as well as in the Middle East and Latin America. The activities of the League of Nations and the main international conferences interwar years - Paris, Genoa, Lausanne, Locarno, Munich. In the section devoted to World War II, special attention is paid to the consideration of Nazi aggression in Europe and Soviet-German relations in September 1939-June 1941, the formation and strengthening anti-Hitler coalition in 1941 - 1943, as well as decisions taken by the Soviet Union, the USA and Great Britain at conferences in Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam.
Volume 3. Yalta-Podsdam system
The textbook covers the main events and problems of the history of international relations of the period after the end of the Second World War and before the collapse of the bipolar system of the world order. The book characterizes the specifics of international relations in the bipolar world, analyzes in detail the main trends in the development of world political processes in the 1940s-1980s. Much attention is paid to the consideration of the military-political aspects of global and regional security, including the problems of strategic stability. An important place in the textbook is occupied by the identification characteristic features functioning of the global system of international relations and the existing regional subsystems, the role of leading factors in shaping the main trends in the development of international relations.
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The Interwar Period and World War II. Edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. V. Torkunov
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Torkunov A .V., Narinsky M .M . (Ed.) History of International Relations: In Three Volumes. Vol. II: The Interwar Period and World War II
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Volume 2. The Interwar Period and World War II.
The textbook is devoted to the history of international relations and the foreign policy of the Soviet state in the period between the two world wars and during the Second World War. The international political process in the interwar twenty years (1919-1939) is considered as the history of the formation, evolution and subsequent collapse of the Versailles-Washington system - the first global international order created by the Entente powers after the First World War. Separate sections of the book from the standpoint of a systematic approach cover the history of international relations in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, as well as in the Middle East and Latin America. The activities of the League of Nations and the main international conferences of the interwar years - Paris, Genoa, Lausanne, Locarno, Munich - are analyzed in detail. In the section devoted to World War II, special attention is paid to the Nazi aggression in Europe and Soviet-German relations in September 1939-June 1941, the formation and strengthening of the anti-Hitler coalition in 1941-1943, as well as the decisions taken by the Soviet Union, US and UK at conferences in Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam.
For university students.
Treaty of Versailles.
Work on peace treaties with Germany and its allies took place in the absence of the defeated states. It was attended mainly by representatives of the "Big Four", who only occasionally invited delegates from interested countries to express their views on specific issues that directly concerned them. Only after the text of the peace treaty with Germany was ready was a German delegation invited to Paris in early May 1919 to familiarize itself with it. The terms of the treaty aroused deep indignation among the Germans. After the Entente powers refused to accept their amendments and objections, the head of the delegation, Foreign Minister U. von Brockdorff-Rantzau, rejected the proposed terms of the peace treaty, saying that his country was essentially required to sign its own death warrant.
In response, the Allies issued an ultimatum to Germany threatening to resume hostilities in the event of her repeated refusal to agree to the demands of the victors. In this situation, the German National Assembly, after a heated discussion, decided to accept the ultimatum. On June 28, 1919, in the mirror hall of the Palace of Versailles, where 48 years ago France recognized its defeat from Prussia and where the Prussian Chancellor O. von Bismarck proclaimed the formation of the German Empire, a solemn ceremony of signing a peace treaty with Germany took place. All the Entente states represented at the Paris Conference took part in it, with the exception of China, which did not agree with the transfer of German possessions on its territory to Japan.
Content
Foreword
Section I THE VERSAILLES SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN EUROPE
Chapter 1.
PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE. FORMATION OF THE VERSAILLES SYSTEM
1.1. Beginning of the Paris Peace Conference. Creation of the League of Nations
1.2. The main approaches of the victorious powers to the problems of a peaceful settlement in Europe
1.3. Treaty of Versailles
1.4. Treaties of Saint Germain, Trianon and Neuilly
1.5. Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne
1.6. Final territorial settlement in Eastern Europe
1.7. The return of the United States to the position of isolationism
1.8. Versailles system
Chapter 2
FORMATION OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF SOVIET RUSSIA. GENOA CONFERENCE
2.1. The Doctrine of the World Revolution. Creation of the Comintern
2.2. "Russian Question" at the Paris Peace Conference. Mission Bullitt
2.3. The victory of the Bolsheviks in the civil war and the end of the intervention of the Entente countries
2.4. Sovietization of the Caucasus. Soviet-Turkish relations
2.5. Establishment of diplomatic relations between Soviet Russia and the Baltic countries
2.6. Soviet-Polish war of 1920. Peace of Riga
2.7. Bessarabian protocol
2.8. Formation of the principle of peaceful coexistence in Soviet foreign policy
2.9. Preparations for the Genoa Conference
2.10. Beginning of the Genoa Conference. Negotiations at Villa Albertis
2.11. Treaty of Rapallo between Soviet Russia and Germany
2.12. The final stage Genoa Conference
2.13. The Hague Conference. Outcomes of negotiations in Genoa and The Hague
Chapter 3
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN EUROPE IN 1923-1925 LOCARNO CONFERENCE
3.1. Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr and its aftermath
3.2. "The Dawes Plan"
3.3. Geneva Protocol
3.4. "The strip of confessions of the USSR"
3.5. Preparation of the warranty pact
3.6. Locarno Conference and its decisions
Chapter 4
POST LOCARNS PERIOD OF POLITICAL STABILIZATION IN EUROPE
4.1. International implications of the Locarno Accords
4.2. USSR and the Locarno Process
4.3. Soviet-German non-aggression and neutrality pact
4.4. The course of the USSR towards the conclusion of bilateral treaties on neutrality and non-aggression
4.5. Soviet-French relations
4.6. Rupture of Soviet-British relations
4.7. "European detente" and Soviet foreign policy
4.8. Disarmament problems in the second half of the 1920s
4.9. "Briand-Kellogg Pact"
4.10. Young's Plan. Pan-European unification project
4.11. Growing international tension at the turn of the 1920-1930s
4.12. Geneva Conference on Arms Reduction and Limitation
4.13. The conclusion by the Soviet Union of non-aggression pacts with France and the neighboring states of Europe
Chapter 5
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN EUROPE IN 1933-1935 THE CRISIS OF THE VERSAILLES SYSTEM
5.1. Establishment of the Nazi dictatorship in Germany. Foreign policy program of the National Socialists
5.2. Convention on the Definition of Aggression
5.3. "Pact of Four"
5.4. Soviet-Italian treaty of friendship, non-aggression and neutrality
5.5. Soviet-French rapprochement
5.6. German-Polish declaration
5.7. Soviet-French negotiations on the Eastern Pact
5.8. The second "streak of confessions" of the Soviet state. The entry of the USSR into the League of Nations
5.9. Continuation of the Soviet-French negotiations after the assassination of Barthou. Geneva Protocol
5.10. First Anschluss of Austria. Franco-Italian rapprochement
5.11. Hitler's course towards the final rejection of Treaty of Versailles and the reaction of the Western powers. Conference in Stresa
5.12. The conclusion of the Soviet-French and Soviet-Czechoslovak mutual assistance treaties
5.13. VII Congress of the Comintern
Chapter 6
INCREASING MILITARY THREAT IN EUROPE IN 1935-1937 POLICY OF PACIFICATION
6.1. Anglo-German Naval Agreement
6.2. Italian attack on Ethiopia. Crisis of the League of Nations
6.3. The failure of the "Laval-Hore plan"
6.4. Austro-German agreement 1936
6.5. Remilitarization of the Rhineland
6.6. Conference in Montreux
6.7. Problems of the conclusion by the Soviet Union of a mutual assistance treaty with Romania and a military convention with France
6.8. Civil War in Spain. Non-interference policy in Spanish affairs
6.9. Formation of a bloc of aggressive states
6.10. International consequences and outcome of the war in Spain
6.11. Appeasement policy of Nazi Germany
6.12. Negotiations E. Halifax with Hitler
Chapter 7
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN EUROPE IN 1938 MUNICH CONFERENCE
7.1. Anschluss of Austria
7.2. Czechoslovak crisis
7.3. Chamberlain's talks with Hitler at Berchtesgaden and Bad Godesberg
7.4. Munich conference and its decisions
7.5. Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak crisis
7.6. International implications of the Munich Agreement. The collapse of the Versailles system
Chapter 8
THE PRE-WAR POLITICAL CRISIS OF 1939
8.1. German occupation of Czechoslovakia
8.2. Anglo-French guarantee policy
8.3. Changes in foreign policy and foreign policy department of the USSR
8.4. Beginning of Anglo-French-Soviet negotiations
8.5. Reducing tensions in German-Soviet relations
8.6. German-Italian alliance ("Pact of Steel")
8.7. Anglo-French-Soviet political negotiations
8.8. Secret Anglo-German negotiations
8.9. Germany's initiative to normalize relations with the USSR
8.10. Anglo-French-Soviet military negotiations
8.11. Non-aggression pact between the USSR and Germany and a secret additional protocol
8.12. International Significance and Consequences of the Soviet-German Agreements
Section II WASHINGTON SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE APR
Chapter 9
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE APR. THE FORMATION OF THE WASHINGTON SYSTEM
9.1. The alignment of forces in the Asia-Pacific region on the eve and during the war. Formation of the regional system of international relations
9.2. The Far Eastern Question at the Paris Peace Conference
9.3. Exacerbation of Japanese-American contradictions
9.4. Soviet policy on Far East in the years civil war. Creation of the Far Eastern Republic
9.5. Soviet policy in Mongolia
9.6. Washington Conference and its decisions. Treaties of four, five and nine powers
9.7. Washington system
Chapter 10
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE APR IN 1922-1930
10.1. The end of the Japanese intervention and the inclusion of the FER in the Soviet Russia
10.2. Settlement of Soviet-Chinese relations. Cooperation between the USSR and the Kuomintang
10.3. Normalization of relations between the USSR and Japan
10.4. National revolution in China and its impact on international relations. The role of the USSR and the Comintern in the Chinese revolution
10.5. Stabilization of the Washington System in the second half of the 1920s
10.6. Soviet-Chinese conflict on the CER
Chapter 11
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE APR IN THE 1930s. THE COLLAPSE OF THE WASHINGTON SYSTEM
11.1. Japan's transition to an aggressive policy
11.2. Japanese aggression in Manchuria. Crisis of the Washington System
11.3. Events in Manchuria and the position of the USSR
11.4. Report of the Lytton Commission. Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations
11.5. Normalization of Soviet-Chinese relations
11.6. Establishment of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the USA
11.7. Soviet-Japanese relations. Sale of CER
11.8. Deepening the crisis of the Washington system. Anti-Comintern Pact
11.9. US neutrality laws
11.10. Relations of the USSR with China and the MPR
11.11. Beginning of the Sino-Japanese War. The collapse of the Washington system
11.12. Soviet-Chinese non-aggression pact of 1937 Soviet military assistance to China
11.13. Continuation of the Japanese-Chinese war in 1938-1939. "Arita-Craigie Agreement"
11.14. Soviet-Japanese conflicts near Lake Khasan and the Khalkhin-Gol River
Section III FORMATION OF SYSTEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE. MIDDLE EAST AND LATIN AMERICA
Chapter 12
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
12.1. Middle East during the First World War. The problem of creating an independent Arab state
12.2. Egyptian Declaration of Independence
12.3. Iraqi Declaration of Independence
12.4. Mandatory administration of Transjordan
12.5. The Palestinian problem in international relations
12.6. French policy in the mandated territories and in the Arab colonies
12.7. Education in Saudi Arabia
12.8. Soviet Union and Arab countries
12.9. The emergence of the "oil factor" in the Middle East politics
12.10. Middle East on the eve of the war. Politics of Fascist States
Chapter 13
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
13.1. Middle East and World War I. "Sykes-Picot Agreement"
13.2. Conceptual foundations of Soviet policy in the countries of the East
13.3. Sovietization of the Khiva Khanate and the Emirate of Bukhara
13.4. Foreign policy Afghanistan. Soviet-Afghan relations
13.5. Iranian foreign policy. Soviet-Iranian relations
13.6. Turkey's foreign policy after the Lausanne Conference. Soviet-Turkish relations
13.7. Saadabad pact
Chapter 14
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA
14.1. Formation of a regional system of international relations in Latin America at the beginning of the 20th century
14.2. Countries Latin America and World War I
14.3. Latin America and the League of Nations
14.4. Pan American Process in the 1920s
14.5. The transition of the United States to the policy of "good neighbor"
14.6. Chak war
14.7. War in the "trapeze of Leticia"
14.8. German expansion and the rise of the fascist threat in Latin America in the 1930s
14.9. Pan American Conferences in Buenos Aires and Lima. Latin America and the beginning of World War II
14.10. Soviet Union and states of Latin America
Section IV WORLD WAR SECOND
Chapter 15
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE EARLY PERIOD OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR (September 1, 1939 - June 21, 1941)
15.1. German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II. Positions of the USSR and the Western Powers
15.2. Military campaign of the USSR against Poland. Soviet-German Treaty of Friendship and Border
15.3. Conclusion by the Soviet Union of mutual assistance treaties with the Baltic states. Soviet-German cooperation
15.4. Soviet-Finnish War
15.5. "Strange War" in the West
15.6. Germany's transition to active operations in the West. Defeat of France
15.7. The incorporation of the states of the Baltic States, Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina into the USSR
15.8. "Battle for England". Change in US position
15.9. conclusion of the Tripartite Pact. Italian aggression in the Balkans
15.10. Cooling of the Soviet-German relations. Visit of V. M. Molotov to Berlin
15.11. Fight in the Balkans
15.12. Conclusion Soviet-Japanese treaty about neutrality
15.13. Formation of the Anglo-American Alliance. US Lend-Lease Act
15.14. Completion of Germany's preparations for an attack on the USSR. Stalin's foreign policy miscalculations
Chapter 16
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
16.1. The birth of the anti-Hitler coalition
16.2. Atlantic charter
16.3. Establishment of inter-allied cooperation
16.4. The entry of Soviet and British troops into Iran
16.5. Moscow conference on military supplies
16.6. Extending Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union
16.7. Blitzkrieg failed. US entry into the Second world war
16.8. The question of opening a second front in 1941
16.9. A. Eden's visit to Moscow
16.10. Declaration of the United Nations
16.11.1 Washington Conference
16.12. Soviet-British Union Treaty (May 26, 1942) and Soviet-American Agreement (June 11, 1942)
16.13. Negotiations on a second front in 1942
16.14. International implications Battle of Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical turning point in the war
16.15. The landing of Anglo-American troops in North Africa. Conference in Casablanca
16.16. Battle of Kursk. Completion of a radical turning point in the war
16.17. Capitulation of Italy
16.18. Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers of the USSR, USA and Great Britain
16.19. Tehran conference
16.20. Opening of the second front. Withdrawal from the German Allied War
16.21. W. Churchill's visit to Moscow (October 1944)
16.22. USSR and states of Eastern Europe. Polish question
16.23. Treaty of alliance between the USSR and France
16.24. Yalta Conference
16.25. Germany's unconditional surrender. End of the war in Europe
16.26. Preparing for a New Big Three Conference
16.27. Potsdam Conference
16.28. The entry of the USSR into the war with Japan. Japan's unconditional surrender
16.29. Results of World War II
Conclusion
Chronological table.
