Ivan Eliseev. Eliseev Ivan Dmitrievich Involvement in the Spanish Civil War

Born in the village of Selivanikha, Dorokhov Volost, Bogorodsky Uyezd, Moscow Governorate (now rural settlement Dorohovskoye, Orekhovo-Zuevsky district, Moscow region) in the family of a tradesman. Father - Dmitry Ivanovich kept a distribution office - he received yarn at the Morozov factory in Orekhovo-Zuyevo, distributed it to weavers at home mills, and then took the finished pieces of fabric to Orekhovo-Zuyevo. Such mediation ensured the life of the family and the maintenance of the estate - a two-story brick house and a plot of land attached to it.

At the age of eight, Ivan began to go to a four-year zemstvo school, located in the neighboring village of Titovo. He graduated from the school in 1912, for some time he helped his father in business, but in March 1913, Ivan Dmitrievich, at the age of 36, died of a perforated stomach ulcer; the widow and six children moved from the village to Moscow to the mother's father. Here Ivan went to a craft school to study as a locksmith. "Thesis" upon completion vocational school Ivan Dmitrievich passed with excellent marks - he was asked to make a writing instrument out of metal.

In March 1920, Ivan Dmitrievich was drafted into the Red Army, assigned to the cavalry, and after a short training ended up on the Polish front. Ivan Dmitrievich jokingly spoke about the transition to the fleet as follows: “A sailor came to our regiment and began to agitate: in the navy, they say, the norm is one and a half pounds of bread, a quarter of a pound of meat and an eighth of sugar, - what do you have? Well, they began to sign up for the fleet. Me too".

In the 1920s, Ivan Dmitrievich served in Moscow in the department of the Assistant Chief of the Republic's Naval Forces. The course of the Higher Naval School named after. M. In Frunze, he passed under a reduced program. Upon graduation, he served in the Black Sea Fleet, for some time on the cruiser Chervona Ukraine, where N.G. was the commander. Kuznetsov, future People's Commissar of the Navy.

When Ivan Dmitrievich was assigned to a group going to Spain, a need arose for knowledge of the Spanish language. The group was assigned a teacher, and after two months the "Spaniards" could already smartly explain themselves on everyday topics. From May 1937 to July 1938, Ivan Dmitrievich Eliseev was an adviser to the commander of the destroyer flotilla of the republican fleet. He took part in the training of personnel, and also directly participated in hostilities.

After Spain, Ivan Dmitrievich, among other internationalists, was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the whole group came to Moscow, where M.I. personally handed the orders to the heroes. Kalinin.

In further service in the Black Sea Fleet, Ivan Dmitrievich successively went from the chief of staff of the cruiser brigade to the chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. Rear Admiral (05/21/1941).

On the night of June 21-22, 1941, the Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet, Rear Admiral Ivan Dmitrievich Eliseev, was at the fleet headquarters, maintaining contact with the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov and notifying the commander of the fleet, Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky about the situation. At 3 hours 06 min. observation posts reported that they heard the noise of aircraft engines going towards Sevastopol. I.D. Eliseev gave the order to open fire on the planes. This episode is described in some detail by N.G. Kuznetsov (On the eve. Moscow, 1966, p. 332). To give such an order, Ivan Dmitrievich had to choose between "not succumbing to provocations", as required by the directive of the General Staff, and the duty of the defender of the Motherland. In the history of the Great Patriotic War, the order of I.D. Eliseev about the opening of fire entered as the first, given at the level of the fleet, military district, army.

Later, from May 1942 to April 1943, he was deputy commander and chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. In April 1943, for a number of military failures and heavy losses in the fleet, he was removed from his post and until January 1944 is at the disposal of the Personnel Department officers Navy. In March of the 44th, he was demoted to military rank to captain 1st rank, but in April he was reinstated in the rank. Since April 1944 - assistant to the Head of Directorate - head of the second department of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Naval Staff (GMSH) of the Navy. Since August 1944 - Deputy Chief of the Operational Directorate of the Main Military School of the Navy.

After the war, he continued to serve in the navy: from July 1945 - assistant chief of the General Staff of the Navy, from March 1947 - deputy editor-in-chief; Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Marine Collection magazine. Since September 1948 - Head of the Naval Department - Naval Department, Naval Faculty of the Higher Military Academy. K.E. Voroshilov.

December 1949 - September 1951 - editor-in-chief of the magazine "Marine Collection"; September 1951 - April 1953 - Head of the Scientific and Technical Committee Naval Ministry. Since April 1953 - Assistant Chief of the General Staff of the Navy, Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Navy. Since December 1965 at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, since March 1966 - retired.

He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, four Red Banner Orders, Nakhimov 1st Class, Ushakov 2nd Class, Red Star and medals.

1. Grandfather was born exactly in December 1900, but the date January 23, 1901 was fixed in all archives, so we will leave it. His mother said that “Vanya was born almost on the eve of the new year of 1901.” Ivan Dmitrievich’s elder sister, Maria, claimed that “When Vanya went into the army, they wrote down his birthday in a new style - and he kind of moved from December 1900 to January 1901. and then for the second time, with some kind of registration, 13 days were added. ”Until 1905, in the village of Silvanikha, Dorokhovskaya volost, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province, there were no registers of births, so Ivan Dmitrievich could give information about his birthday when enlisting in the army only from the words of the mother. But scribe books and "Revision tales" have been preserved, according to which DOCUMENTATION IS CONFIRMED, for example, OUR ancestor was born in 1550. / TsGADA f.196 op.3 item No. 1539

2. My grandfather did not write memoirs, you can not ask. All statements like "Ivan Dmitrievich Eliseev wrote in his memoirs ..." should be attributed to the period when my grandfather was (03.1947 -09.1948) Deputy. resp. editor; assistant ch. editor of the journal "Marine Collection", and then (12.1949 - 09.1951) Ch. editor of the magazine "Sea Collection".

3. The photo of Ivan Dmitrievich Eliseev was taken on March 31, 1941, on the back of the photo there is a certifying inscription: “I certify the identity of Ivan Dmitrievich Eliseev with a seal and signature. The photo was taken when he was appointed to the post of Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet. coincides with the day and month of my birth and how old I am now).

4. I hung up a photo of the award sheet with an extract from the personal file. (The photo is of good quality and grows to a huge size) Dates from citizen LURIE ETC. do not offer often do not match.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please ask or email.

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Order "To the Glory of the Russian Navy"[ edit code ]

With all due respect, the first-hand photo of the award sheet is not the source in question. In my opinion, this "award" is not worth mentioning in the article at all. --Sigwald (obs.) 10:46, 7 January 2019 (UTC)

Achievement list[ edit code ]

At one time, there was one participant on Wikipedia who insisted that all biographies of the military should be done in the form of a track record. They tried to explain to him that it was wrong to wish so, he was offended, called all those who disagreed and Wikipedia itself in general with bad words, after which he left. We are still revising articles for him. I mean, instead of a track record (date-position), there should be a story about a person. Lesovik-2 (obs.) 09:44, January 14, 2019 (UTC)

Eliseev Ivan Dmitrievich

Main events

Western Front (1920-1921) Volunteer
Advisor to the Republican Navy of Italy (1937-1938)
Defense of Odessa (1941)
Defense of Sevastopol (1941−1942)
Novorossiysk operation (1942)
Battle for the Caucasus (1942−1943)
Kerch-Feodosia landing operation (1941)
Kerch-Eltigen landing operation (1943)
Novorossiysk-Taman operation (1943)

pinnacle of career

Vice admiral.

Order of Lenin (1945)
Order of the Red Banner (1938)
Order of the Red Banner (1942)
Order of the Red Banner (1944)
Order of the Red Banner (1950)
Order of Nakhimov, 1st class (1944)
Order of Ushakov II degree (1945)
Order of the Red Star (1937)
Medal "For the Defense of Odessa"
Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol"
Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945"
Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
Medal "30 years Soviet army and Fleet"
Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Medal "50 years Armed Forces THE USSR"
Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"

Eliseev Ivan Dmitrievich(January 23, 1901 - September 28, 1974) - Soviet military leader, vice admiral.

Biography

Born in December 1900 in the village of Selivanikha (Dorohovsky volost, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province, now the rural settlement of Dorohovskoye, Orekhovo-Zuevsky district, Moscow region). In the Red Army since March 23, 1920; in the Navy since 1923; member of the CPSU (b) since 1928.

date	Position and name of the unit
03.1920	Red Army soldier, 2nd reserve cavalry division, Rybinsk.
06.1920	Red Army soldier, 3rd Cavalry Regiment of the 8th Infantry Division, Western Front.
01.1921	Senior scribe of the Operational Department of the Headquarters of the 8th Infantry Division, Bobruisk.
04.1923	scribe; senior clerk; Office manager, Glavmortekhozupravlenie, Moscow.
02.1926	Chief Executive Secretary Pomnamorsk for the technical and economic part, Moscow.
09.1926	Listener, concurrent classes when naval school them. M. V. Frunze, Leningrad.
10.1929	Acting navigator gunboat"Red Georgia".
05.1930	Junior navigator, light cruiser Profintern.
12.1931	Student, navigator class, Special Courses for Commanding Officers of the Navy of the Red Army, Leningrad.
06.1932	Assistant Chief of Sector of the 1st Division, Headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet.
02.1933	Commander of the 1st sector; Assistant ship commander; Senior assistant commander of the light cruiser "Chervona Ukraine".
12.1936	Student, courses for destroyer commanders at the Special Advanced Courses for Commanding Officers of the Navy.
05.1937	Advisor to the Commander of the Destroyer Flotilla of the Republican Navy of Spain.
07.1938	Chief of Staff, Cruiser Brigade of the Black Sea Fleet.
06.1939	Chief of Staff, Squadron of ships of the Black Sea Fleet.
11.1940	Student, KUVKS (Advanced Courses of the Higher Command Staff) at VMA them. K. E. Voroshilova.
04.1941	Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet.
05.1941	promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral.
05.1942	Deputy Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and Chief of Staff, Black Sea Fleet.
04.1943	Released from his post and assigned to the Command Directorate of the Navy.
01.1944	Order of the NK Navy dated April 9, 1943. Canceled.
01.1944	Released from his post and appointed to the disposal of Upr. Personnel of officers of the Navy.
03.1944	By decree of the GKO, he was demoted in military rank to captain 1st rank.
04.1944	Assistant Head of Directorate - Head of the Second Division, Combat Training Directorate of the Main Military School of the Navy
07.1944	reinstated to the rank of Rear Admiral.
08.1944	Deputy Head of Directorate, Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy.
07.1945	Assistant Chief of the General Staff of the Navy.
03.1947	Deputy responsible editor; Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Marine Collection magazine.
09.1948	Beginning Department of the Naval Forces - Naval Department, Naval Faculty of the Higher Military Academy. K. E. Voroshilova.
12.1949	Chief Editor magazine "Marine collection".
09.1951	Head of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Naval Ministry.
11.1951	promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral.
04.1953	Assistant Chief of the General Staff of the Navy, Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Navy.
12.1965	At the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.
03.1966	Retired.

Involvement in the Spanish Civil War

Before participating in the Civil War, he completed training courses with honors Spanish. From May 1937 to July 1938, Ivan Dmitrievich Eliseev served as adviser to the commander of the destroyer flotilla of the Republican fleet. He participated in the training of personnel, and also participated in hostilities. On the night of September 17-18, 1937, 3 Republican destroyers went to sea to escort transport to Mahon (Isle of Menorca). At 2125 they sighted the heavy cruiser Canarias to the southeast. The convoy lay down on the return course, but at 21:35. The leaders of the convoy turned and approached the cruiser. The destroyer Almirante Antequerra approached the cruiser before the leaders and fired two torpedoes at the cruiser, while the leaders of the destroyers Gravina and Sanchez Barcaiztegui were still continuing to approach. Canarias dodged a torpedo salvo and fired back at Almirante Antequerra. The destroyers Gravina and Sanchez Barcaiztegui, having stopped approaching without firing torpedoes, began to retreat behind a smoke screen. The Francoist cruiser began to pursue the retreating leaders, firing artillery fire at them. By order of the flotilla commander, Sanchez Barcaiztegui attacked the cruiser from behind a smoke screen with two torpedoes. Canarias dodged the torpedoes a second time and stopped the pursuit. In this battle, the transports were saved thanks to Eliseev. When the destroyers met with the cruiser Canarias, the flotilla commander tried to leave, leaving the transports to their fate, and only the intervention of an adviser saved the ships. At his insistence, the destroyers went on the attack, firing torpedoes at the cruiser, thanks to which they managed to defend the transports. There was also a battle at Cape Palos on the night of March 5-6, 1938 - the most important naval battle of the Spanish Civil War. It was a fleeting clash between the squadrons of the opposing sides, in which the Republican destroyers delivered the main blow with the help of torpedoes. As a result, the flagship of the Francoist squadron, the heavy cruiser Baleares, sank, and the cruiser Canarias was seriously damaged. This was the largest victory of the Republican fleet in the entire war. The battle showed the high proficiency of the personnel and the increased experience of the command of the Republican fleet, which were obtained with the participation of advisers from the USSR. During participation in civil war in Spain Eliseev I.D. was awarded the Order Red Star (1937), and the Order of the Red Banner (1938).

Eliseev Ivan Dmitrievich

Main events

Western Front (1920-1921) Volunteer
Advisor to the Republican Navy of Italy (1937-1938)
Defense of Odessa (1941)
Defense of Sevastopol (1941−1942)
Novorossiysk operation (1942)
Battle for the Caucasus (1942−1943)
Kerch-Feodosia landing operation (1941)
Kerch-Eltigen landing operation (1943)
Novorossiysk-Taman operation (1943)

pinnacle of career

Vice admiral.

Order of Lenin (1945)
Order of the Red Banner (1938)
Order of the Red Banner (1942)
Order of the Red Banner (1944)
Order of the Red Banner (1950)
Order of Nakhimov, 1st class (1944)
Order of Ushakov II degree (1945)
Order of the Red Star (1937)
Medal "For the Defense of Odessa"
Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol"
Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy"
Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"

Eliseev Ivan Dmitrievich(January 23, 1901 - September 28, 1974) - Soviet military leader, vice admiral.

Biography

date	Position and name of the unit
03.1920	Red Army soldier, 2nd reserve cavalry division, Rybinsk.
06.1920	Red Army soldier, 3rd Cavalry Regiment of the 8th Infantry Division, Western Front.
01.1921	Senior scribe of the Operational Department of the Headquarters of the 8th Infantry Division, Bobruisk.
04.1923	scribe; senior clerk; Office manager, Glavmortekhozupravlenie, Moscow.
02.1926	Chief Executive Secretary Pomnamorsk for the technical and economic part, Moscow.
09.1926	Student, parallel classes at the Naval School. M. V. Frunze, Leningrad.
10.1929	Acting navigator of the gunboat "Red Georgia".
05.1930	Junior navigator, light cruiser Profintern.
12.1931	Student, navigator class, Special Courses for Commanding Officers of the Navy of the Red Army, Leningrad.
06.1932	Assistant Chief of Sector of the 1st Division, Headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet.
02.1933	Commander of the 1st sector; Assistant ship commander; Senior assistant commander of the light cruiser "Chervona Ukraine".
12.1936	Student, courses for destroyer commanders at the Special Advanced Courses for Commanding Officers of the Navy.
05.1937	Advisor to the Commander of the Destroyer Flotilla of the Republican Navy of Spain.
07.1938	Chief of Staff, Cruiser Brigade of the Black Sea Fleet.
06.1939	Chief of Staff, Squadron of ships of the Black Sea Fleet.
11.1940	Student, KUVKS (Refreshment Courses for the Higher Command Staff) at the VMA. K. E. Voroshilova.
04.1941	Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet.
05.1941	promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral.
05.1942	Deputy Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and Chief of Staff, Black Sea Fleet.
04.1943	Released from his post and assigned to the Command Directorate of the Navy.
01.1944	Order of the NK Navy dated April 9, 1943. Canceled.
01.1944	Released from his post and appointed to the disposal of Upr. Personnel of officers of the Navy.
03.1944	By decree of the GKO, he was demoted in military rank to captain 1st rank.
04.1944	Assistant Head of Directorate - Head of the Second Division, Combat Training Directorate of the Main Military School of the Navy
07.1944	reinstated to the rank of Rear Admiral.
08.1944	Deputy Head of Directorate, Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy.
07.1945	Assistant Chief of the General Staff of the Navy.
03.1947	Deputy responsible editor; Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Marine Collection magazine.
09.1948	Beginning Department of the Naval Forces - Naval Department, Naval Faculty of the Higher Military Academy. K. E. Voroshilova.
12.1949	Editor-in-Chief of the Marine Collection magazine.
09.1951	Head of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Naval Ministry.
11.1951	promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral.
04.1953	Assistant Chief of the General Staff of the Navy, Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Navy.
12.1965	At the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.
03.1966	Retired.

Involvement in the Spanish Civil War

Before participating in the civil war, he took courses in Spanish with honors. From May 1937 to July 1938, Ivan Dmitrievich Eliseev served as adviser to the commander of the destroyer flotilla of the Republican fleet. He participated in the training of personnel, and also participated in hostilities. On the night of September 17-18, 1937, 3 Republican destroyers went to sea to escort transport to Mahon (Isle of Menorca). At 2125 they sighted the heavy cruiser Canarias to the southeast. The convoy lay down on the return course, but at 21:35. The leaders of the convoy turned and approached the cruiser. The destroyer Almirante Antequerra approached the cruiser before the leaders and fired two torpedoes at the cruiser, while the leaders of the destroyers Gravina and Sanchez Barcaiztegui were still continuing to approach. Canarias dodged a torpedo salvo and fired back at Almirante Antequerra. The destroyers Gravina and Sanchez Barcaiztegui, having stopped approaching without firing torpedoes, began to retreat behind a smoke screen. The Francoist cruiser began to pursue the retreating leaders, firing artillery fire at them. By order of the flotilla commander, Sanchez Barcaiztegui attacked the cruiser from behind a smoke screen with two torpedoes. Canarias dodged the torpedoes a second time and stopped the pursuit. In this battle, the transports were saved thanks to Eliseev. When the destroyers met with the cruiser Canarias, the flotilla commander tried to leave, leaving the transports to their fate, and only the intervention of an adviser saved the ships. At his insistence, the destroyers went on the attack, firing torpedoes at the cruiser, thanks to which they managed to defend the transports. There was also a battle at Cape Palos on the night of March 5-6, 1938 - the most important naval battle of the Spanish Civil War. It was a fleeting clash between the squadrons of the opposing sides, in which the Republican destroyers delivered the main blow with the help of torpedoes. As a result, the flagship of the Francoist squadron, the heavy cruiser Baleares, sank, and the cruiser Canarias was seriously damaged. This was the largest victory of the Republican fleet in the entire war. The battle showed the high proficiency of the personnel and the increased experience of the command of the Republican fleet, which were obtained with the participation of advisers from the USSR. During the period of participation in the Civil War in Spain, Eliseev ID was awarded the Order of the Red Star (1937), and the Order of the Red Banner (1938).

(1941), Kerch-Eltigen landing operation (1943),
Novorossiysk-Taman operation (1943).

Awards and prizes

Autograph

Eliseev Ivan Dmitrievich (January 23 ( 19010123 ) - September 28) - Soviet military leader, vice admiral.

Biography

Participation in the Great Patriotic War

At 03:06 on June 22, 1941, the chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet, Rear Admiral I. D. Eliseev, ordered to open fire on fascist aircraft that invaded far into the airspace of the USSR, which made history: it was the very first combat order to repulse the attackers on Soviet Union fascists during the Great Patriotic War.

Combat operations in which he took part:

Awards

Order of the Red Banner (1938)
Order of the Red Banner (1942)
Order of the Red Banner (1944)
Order of the Red Banner (1950)
Order of Ushakov II degree (1945)
Order of the Red Star (1937)
Medal "For the Defense of Odessa"
Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol"
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
"For military prowess. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

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Literature

Qty. ed. under the direction of S. A. Makarov// Book of Memory of the Military Academy General Staff Armed Forces Russian Federation. Edition 2016, p. 334.
Kuznetsov N. G. Night of June 22 // On the Eve. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1989. - 400 p. - ISBN 5-203-00805-1.
Zhukov G.K. The beginning of the war // Memoirs and reflections. In 2 vols. T. 1. - M .: Olma-press, 2002. - 415 p. - ISBN 5-224-03195-8, 5-224-03196-6.
Morozov Miroslav Eduardovich Chapter 2. FRONT IN THE DISTANCE ( fighting in June - the first half of September 1941) // Air battle for Sevastopol 1941-1942. - Eksmo, 2007. - 432 p. - ISBN 978-5-699-20863-0
Zolotarev V. A., Kozlov I. A. Black Sea Fleet 1941–1945 // Three centuries Russian fleet. 1941–1945 - St. Petersburg: Polygon Publishing House LLC, 2005. - 764 p., ill. - (Military History Library). - ISBN 5-89173-297-1.
Igor Stepanovich Manoshin // July 1942. The fall of Sevastopol. - M .: LLC "Publishing House "Veche", 2009. - 400 pages, 25 illustrations - ISBN 978-5-9533-4018-2.
Number of aut. Main Archival Administration of Moscow; Comp. Raisa Vasilievna Kuznetsova, Alexey Alekseevich Kilichenkov, L. A. Neretina; Rep. ed. Mikhail Mikhailovich Gorinov.//Admiral Kuznetsov. Moscow in the life and fate of a naval commander: Collection of documents and materials - 2nd ed., Corrected. and additional - M.: Publishing House of the Main Archival Administration of Moscow, 2004. - 543 p. - ISBN 5-7228-0122-4
Kuznetsov N. G. Course to victory. - M., 1987. - S. 119-120, 316.
A. V. Stahl. Small wars of the 1920-1930s. - M .: AST, 2003. - S. 319-323. - 544 p. - (Military History Library). - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-016557-9.
V. V. Shigin. Maritime dramas of World War II. - Veche, 2013. - S. 55. - 464 p. - (Military secrets of the XX century). - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-4444-0969-5.
V. M. Grishanov. All oceans are nearby. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1984. - 256 p. - (Military memoirs). - 100,000 copies.
TsVMA, personal files No. 23685, 23686; f. 3, op. 1, d. 1146, l. 70; file 1269, l. 364-365; op. 42, d. 4, l. 66.
RGA of the Navy, f. r-322, op. 2, d. 829.
RGA of the Navy, f. 10, d. 39324, l. 2-4.
A red star. - 02.10.1974.
Marine collection. - 1974. - No. 11. - S. 127.

Archival materials and photos

Archival materials and photos

Notes

An excerpt characterizing Eliseev, Ivan Dmitrievich

Marrying a rich bride in St. Petersburg did not work out for Boris and he came to Moscow for the same purpose. In Moscow, Boris was in indecision between the two richest brides - Julie and Princess Mary. Although Princess Mary, despite her ugliness, seemed to him more attractive than Julie, for some reason he was embarrassed to look after Bolkonskaya. On her last meeting with her, on the old prince's name day, to all his attempts to talk to her about feelings, she answered him inappropriately and obviously did not listen to him.
Julie, on the contrary, although in a special way, peculiar to her alone, but willingly accepted his courtship.
Julie was 27 years old. After the death of her brothers, she became very rich. She was now completely ugly; but I thought that she was not only just as good, but much more attractive than she had been before. She was supported in this delusion by the fact that, firstly, she became a very rich bride, and, secondly, that the older she became, the safer she was for men, the freer it was for men to treat her and, without assuming any obligations, enjoy her dinners, evenings and lively society, gathering with her. A man who ten years ago would have been afraid to go every day to the house where there was a 17-year-old young lady, so as not to compromise her and not to tie himself up, now went to her boldly every day and treated her not as a young lady, but as a a friend who has no gender.
The Karagins' house was the most pleasant and hospitable house in Moscow that winter. In addition to parties and dinners, every day a large company gathered at the Karagins, especially men who had dinner at 12 o'clock in the morning and stayed up until 3 o'clock. There was no ball, festivities, theater that Julie would miss. Her toilets were always the most fashionable. But, despite this, Julie seemed disappointed in everything, told everyone that she did not believe in friendship, or in love, or in any joys of life, and expected peace only there. She adopted the tone of a girl who has suffered great disappointment, a girl who seems to have lost a loved one or was cruelly deceived by him. Although nothing like this happened to her, they looked at her as such, and she herself even believed that she had suffered a lot in life. This melancholy, which did not prevent her from having fun, did not prevent the young people who visited her from having a good time. Each guest, coming to them, gave his debt to the melancholy mood of the hostess and then engaged in secular conversations, and dances, and mental games, and burime tournaments, which were in vogue with the Karagins. Only some young people, including Boris, went deeper into Julie's melancholy mood, and with these young people she had longer and more solitary conversations about the futility of everything worldly, and to them she opened her albums covered with sad images, sayings and poems.
Julie was especially affectionate towards Boris: she regretted his early disappointment in life, offered him those consolations of friendship that she could offer, having suffered so much in her life herself, and opened her album to him. Boris drew two trees for her in an album and wrote: Arbres rustiques, vos sombres rameaux secouent sur moi les tenebres et la melancolie. [Rural trees, your dark boughs shake off gloom and melancholy on me.]
Elsewhere he drew a tomb and wrote:
"La mort est secourable et la mort est tranquille
Ah! contre les douleurs il n "y a pas d" autre asile.
[Death is saving and death is calm;
ABOUT! there is no other refuge against suffering.]
Julie said it was lovely.
- II y a quelque chose de si ravissant dans le sourire de la melancolie, [There is something infinitely charming in a smile of melancholy,] - she said to Boris word for word the passage written out from the book.
- C "est un rayon de lumiere dans l" ombre, une nuance entre la douleur et le desespoir, qui montre la consolation possible. [This is a ray of light in the shadows, a shade between sadness and despair, which indicates the possibility of consolation.] - To this, Boris wrote poetry to her:
"Aliment de poison d" une ame trop sensible,
"Toi, sans qui le bonheur me serait impossible,
"Tendre melancolie, ah, viens me consoler,
Viens calmer les tourments de ma sombre retraite
"Et mele une douceur secrete
"A ces pleurs, que je sens couler."
[Poisonous food of a too sensitive soul,
You, without whom happiness would be impossible for me,
Gentle melancholy, oh come comfort me
Come, calm the torments of my gloomy solitude
And join the secret sweetness
To these tears that I feel flowing.]
Julie played Boris the saddest nocturnes on the harp. Boris read Poor Liza aloud to her and interrupted the reading more than once from excitement, which took his breath away. Meeting in a large society, Julie and Boris looked at each other as if the only people in a world of indifferent, understanding one another.
Anna Mikhailovna, who often traveled to the Karagins, making up her mother's party, meanwhile made accurate inquiries about what was given for Julie (both Penza estates and Nizhny Novgorod forests were given). Anna Mikhailovna, with devotion to the will of Providence and tenderness, looked at the refined sadness that connected her son with rich Julie.
- Toujours charmante et melancolique, cette chere Julieie, [She is still charming and melancholic, this dear Julie.] - she said to her daughter. - Boris says that he rests his soul in your house. He has suffered so many disappointments and is so sensitive,” she told her mother.
- Oh, my friend, how I became attached to Julie Lately, - she said to her son, - I can’t describe it to you! And who can't love her? This is such an unearthly creature! Oh Boris, Boris! She was silent for a minute. “And how I feel sorry for her maman,” she continued, “today she showed me reports and letters from Penza (they have a huge estate) and she is poor and all alone: she is so deceived!
Boris smiled slightly, listening to his mother. He meekly laughed at her ingenuous cunning, but he listened and sometimes asked her attentively about the Penza and Nizhny Novgorod estates.
Julie had long been expecting an offer from her melancholic admirer and was ready to accept it; but some kind of secret feeling of disgust for her, for her passionate desire to get married, for her unnaturalness, and a feeling of horror at the renunciation of the possibility of true love still stopped Boris. His vacation was already over. Whole days and every single day he spent with the Karagins, and every day, reasoning with himself, Boris told himself that he would propose tomorrow. But in the presence of Julie, looking at her red face and chin, almost always strewn with powder, at her moist eyes and at the expression on her face, which always showed readiness to immediately move from melancholy to the unnatural rapture of marital happiness, Boris could not utter a decisive word: despite the fact that for a long time in his imagination he considered himself the owner of the Penza and Nizhny Novgorod estates and distributed the use of income from them. Julie saw Boris's indecisiveness and sometimes the thought came to her that she was disgusting to him; but immediately a woman's self-delusion offered her consolation, and she told herself that he was shy only out of love. Her melancholy, however, began to turn into irritability, and not long before Boris left, she undertook a decisive plan. At the same time that Boris' vacation was coming to an end, Anatole Kuragin appeared in Moscow and, of course, in the Karagins' living room, and Julie, suddenly leaving her melancholy, became very cheerful and attentive to Kuragin.
“Mon cher,” Anna Mikhailovna said to her son, “je sais de bonne source que le Prince Basile envoie son fils a Moscou pour lui faire epouser Julieie.” [My dear, I know from reliable sources that Prince Vasily is sending his son to Moscow in order to marry him to Julie.] I love Julie so much that I should feel sorry for her. What do you think, my friend? Anna Mikhailovna said.
The idea of being fooled and losing for nothing this whole month of hard melancholic service under Julie and seeing all the income from the Penza estates already planned and used properly in his imagination in the hands of another - especially in the hands of stupid Anatole, offended Boris. He went to the Karagins with the firm intention of making an offer. Julie greeted him with a cheerful and carefree air, casually talking about how fun she had been at the ball yesterday, and asking when he was coming. Despite the fact that Boris came with the intention of talking about his love and therefore intended to be gentle, he irritably began to talk about female inconstancy: about how women can easily move from sadness to joy and that their mood depends only on who looks after them. Julie was offended and said that it was true that a woman needed variety, that everyone would get tired of the same thing.
“For this I would advise you ...” Boris began, wanting to taunt her; but at that very moment the insulting thought came to him that he might leave Moscow without achieving his goal and losing his labors in vain (which had never happened to him). He stopped in the middle of her speech, lowered his eyes so as not to see her unpleasantly irritated and indecisive face, and said: “I didn’t come here at all to quarrel with you. On the contrary…” He glanced at her to see if he could continue. All her irritation suddenly disappeared, and restless, pleading eyes were fixed on him with greedy expectation. "I can always arrange myself so that I rarely see her," thought Boris. “But the work has begun and must be done!” He blushed, looked up at her, and said to her, “You know how I feel about you!” There was no more need to speak: Julie's face shone with triumph and self-satisfaction; but she forced Boris to tell her everything that is said in such cases, to say that he loves her, and never loved a single woman more than her. She knew that for the Penza estates and Nizhny Novgorod forests she could demand this, and she got what she demanded.
The bride and groom, no longer remembering the trees that showered them with darkness and melancholy, made plans for the future arrangement of a brilliant house in St. Petersburg, made visits and prepared everything for a brilliant wedding.

Count Ilya Andreich arrived in Moscow at the end of January with Natasha and Sonya. The countess was still unwell, and could not go, but it was impossible to wait for her recovery: Prince Andrei was expected to Moscow every day; besides, it was necessary to buy a dowry; The Rostovs' house in Moscow was not heated; in addition, they arrived for a short time, the countess was not with them, and therefore Ilya Andreich decided to stay in Moscow with Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova, who had long offered her hospitality to the count.
Late in the evening, four carts of the Rostovs drove into the courtyard of Marya Dmitrievna in the old Konyushennaya. Marya Dmitrievna lived alone. She has already married her daughter. Her sons were all in the service.
She kept herself as straight as ever, spoke her opinion directly, loudly and decisively to everyone, and with her whole being seemed to reproach other people for all sorts of weaknesses, passions and hobbies, of which she did not recognize the possibility. From early morning in Kutsaveyka, she did housework, then went: on holidays to mass and from mass to jails and prisons, where she had affairs that she did not tell anyone about, and on weekdays, dressed, she received petitioners of different classes at home who came to her every day, and then dined; at a hearty and tasty dinner there were always three or four guests, after dinner she made a party to Boston; at night she forced herself to read newspapers and new books, while she knitted. Rarely did she make exceptions for trips, and if she went out, she went only to the most important persons in the city.
She had not yet gone to bed when the Rostovs arrived, and the door on the block squealed in the hall, letting in the Rostovs and their servants who were coming in from the cold. Marya Dmitrievna, with spectacles pulled down on her nose, her head thrown back, stood at the door of the hall and looked at the incoming people with a stern, angry look. One would have thought that she was embittered against the newcomers and would now kick them out if she did not give careful orders to people at that time about how to accommodate the guests and their things.
- Counts? “Bring it here,” she said, pointing to the suitcases and not greeting anyone. - Ladies, this way to the left. Well, what are you kidding! she shouted at the girls. - Samovar to warm up! “I’ve gotten fatter, prettier,” she said, pulling Natasha, flushed from the cold, by the hood. - Ugh, cold! Get undressed quickly, - she shouted at the count, who wanted to approach her hand. - Freeze, please. Serve rum for tea! Sonyushka, bonjour,” she said to Sonya, emphasizing her slightly contemptuous and affectionate attitude towards Sonya with this French greeting.
When everyone, having undressed and recovered from the journey, came to tea, Marya Dmitrievna kissed everyone in order.
“I’m glad in my soul that they came and that they stopped at my place,” she said. “It’s high time,” she said, glancing significantly at Natasha ... “the old man is here and her son is expected from day to day. You need to get to know him. Well, let's talk about that later," she added, looking around Sonya with a look that showed that she didn't want to talk about it in front of her. “Now listen,” she turned to the count, “tomorrow, what do you want?” Who will you send for? Shinshin? – she bent one finger; - crybaby Anna Mikhailovna? - two. She is here with her son. The son is getting married! Then Bezukhov chtol? And he's here with his wife. He ran away from her, and she jumped after him. He dined with me on Wednesday. Well, and them - she pointed to the young ladies - tomorrow I'll take them to Iverskaya, and then we'll drop by to Ober Shelme. After all, I suppose you will do everything new? Don't take it from me, now the sleeves, that's what! The other day Princess Irina Vasilievna, young, came to me: she was afraid to look, as if she had put two barrels on her hands. After all, today that day is a new fashion. Yes, what do you have to do? she turned sternly to the count.
“Everything suddenly came up,” answered the count. - Buy rags, and then there is a buyer for the Moscow region and for the house. Well, if your grace is, I will choose a time, I will go to Marinskoye for a day, I will estimate my girls for you.
- All right, all right, I'll be safe. I have as in the Board of Trustees. I’ll take them where they need to be, and scold them, and caress them,” said Marya Dmitrievna, touching the cheek of her favorite and goddaughter Natasha with her big hand.
The next day, in the morning, Marya Dmitrievna took the young ladies to Iverskaya and to m me, Ober Shalma, who was so afraid of Marya Dmitrievna that she always gave her clothes at a loss, if only to quickly get her out of herself. Marya Dmitrievna ordered almost the entire dowry. Returning, she drove everyone except Natasha out of the room and called her favorite to her chair.
- Well, now let's talk. Congratulations on your fiance. Got a young man! I'm happy for you; and I know him from such years (she pointed to a arshin from the ground). Natasha blushed happily. I love him and all his family. Now listen. You know, old Prince Nikolai really did not want his son to marry. Good old man! It is, of course, Prince Andrei is not a child, and will do without him, but it is not good to enter the family against the will. Peacefully, lovingly. You are smart, you can do it right. You are kind and smart. That's all and it will be good.
Natasha was silent, as Marya Dmitrievna thought from shyness, but in essence it was unpleasant for Natasha that Prince Andrei interfered in her love affair, which seemed to her so special from all human affairs that no one, according to her concepts, could understand him. She loved and knew one Prince Andrei, he loved her and was supposed to come one of these days and take her. She didn't need anything else.
“You see, I have known him for a long time, and I love Mashenka, your sister-in-law. Sisters-in-law - beaters, well, this fly will not offend. She asked me to set her up with you. Tomorrow you and your father will go to her, but caress yourself well: you are younger than her. As soon as yours arrives, and you are familiar with your sister and father, and you are loved. So or not? After all, it will be better?
“Better,” Natasha answered reluctantly.

The next day, on the advice of Marya Dmitrievna, Count Ilya Andreevich went with Natasha to Prince Nikolai Andreevich. The count, with a gloomy spirit, was going to this visit: in his soul he was afraid. The last meeting during the militia, when the count, in response to his invitation to dinner, received a heated reprimand for not bringing people in, Count Ilya Andreich remembered. Natasha, dressed in her best dress, was opposite in the most cheerful mood. “It’s impossible that they don’t love me,” she thought: everyone has always loved me. And I am so ready to do for them whatever they want, so ready to love him - because he is a father, and her because she is a sister, that there is nothing for them not to love me!
They drove up to the old, gloomy house on Vzdvizhenka and went into the hallway.
“Well, God bless,” said the count, half jokingly, half seriously; but Natasha noticed that her father was in a hurry, entering the hall, and timidly, quietly asked if the prince and princess were at home. After the report of their arrival, there was confusion among the servants of the prince. The footman, who ran to report on them, was stopped by another footman in the hall, and they were whispering about something. A maid girl ran out into the hall, and hastily also said something, mentioning the princess. Finally, one old, with an angry look, footman came out and reported to the Rostovs that the prince could not accept, but the princess asked to come to her. The first to meet the guests was m lle Bourienne. She greeted her father and daughter with particular courtesy and escorted them to the princess. The princess, with an agitated, frightened and red-spotted face, ran out, stepping heavily, towards the guests, and in vain trying to appear free and hospitable. Princess Mary did not like Natasha at first sight. She seemed to her too elegant, frivolously cheerful and conceited. Princess Marya did not know that before she saw her future daughter-in-law, she was already ill-disposed toward her out of involuntary envy of her beauty, youth and happiness, and out of jealousy for her brother's love. In addition to this irresistible feeling of antipathy towards her, Princess Marya at that moment was also agitated by the fact that, at the report of the Rostovs' arrival, the prince shouted that he did not need them, that let Princess Marya accept if she wanted, but that they should not be allowed to see him . Princess Marya decided to receive the Rostovs, but every minute she was afraid that the prince would do some kind of trick, as he seemed very excited by the arrival of the Rostovs.
“Well, I’ve brought you my songstress, dear princess,” said the count, bowing and looking around uneasily, as if he were afraid that the old prince might come up. “How glad I am that you have met… It’s a pity, it’s a pity that the prince is still unwell,” and after saying a few more general phrases, he stood up. - If you allow me, princess, to estimate my Natasha for a quarter of an hour, I would go, two steps here, to the Dog's Playground, to Anna Semyonovna, and I'll pick her up.
Ilya Andreevich invented this diplomatic trick in order to give scope to the future sister-in-law to explain herself to her daughter-in-law (as he said after his daughter) and also to avoid the possibility of meeting the prince, whom he was afraid of. He did not tell this to his daughter, but Natasha understood this fear and anxiety of her father and felt insulted. She blushed for her father, was even more angry because she blushed and with a bold, defiant look, which said that she was not afraid of anyone, looked at the princess. The princess told the count that she was very glad and asked him only to stay a little longer with Anna Semyonovna, and Ilya Andreevich left.
M lle Bourienne, despite the restless glances cast at her by Princess Mary, who wanted to talk face to face with Natasha, did not leave the room and held a firm conversation about Moscow pleasures and theaters. Natasha was offended by the confusion that had occurred in the hallway, her father's anxiety, and the unnatural tone of the princess, who - it seemed to her - was doing a favor by receiving her. And then everything was uncomfortable for her. She did not like Princess Mary. She seemed to her very bad-looking, feigned and dry. Natasha suddenly shrank morally and involuntarily assumed such a casual tone, which even more repelled Princess Marya from her. After five minutes of heavy, feigned conversation, quick footsteps in shoes were heard approaching. Princess Mary's face expressed fear, the door of the room opened and the prince entered in a white cap and dressing gown.
“Ah, madam,” he began, “madam, countess ... Countess Rostova, if I am not mistaken ... I beg your pardon, excuse me ... I didn’t know, madam.” Sees God did not know that you honored us with your visit, he went to his daughter in such a suit. I beg your pardon... sees God didn’t know, ”he repeated so unnaturally, emphasizing the word God and so unpleasantly that Princess Marya stood with her eyes downcast, not daring to look either at her father or at Natasha. Natasha, having risen and sat down, also did not know what to do. One m lle Bourienne smiled pleasantly.
- I beg your pardon, I beg your pardon! Sees God did not know, - the old man muttered and, having examined Natasha from head to toe, went out. M lle Bourienne was the first to appear after this appearance and began a conversation about the prince's ill health. Natasha and Princess Mary silently looked at each other, and the longer they silently looked at each other, not saying what they needed to say, the more unkindly they thought of each other.
When the count returned, Natasha was impolitely delighted with him and hurried to leave: at that moment she almost hated this old dry princess, who could put her in such an awkward position and spend half an hour with her without saying anything about Prince Andrei. “After all, I couldn’t be the first to talk about him in front of this Frenchwoman,” thought Natasha. Princess Mary, meanwhile, was tormented by the same thing. She knew what she had to say to Natasha, but she could not do it, both because m lle Bourienne interfered with her, and because she herself did not know why it was so hard for her to start talking about this marriage. When the count was already leaving the room, Princess Marya with quick steps approached Natasha, took her hands and, sighing heavily, said: “Wait, I need to ...” Natasha mockingly, not knowing what she was, looked at Princess Marya.
“Dear Natalie,” said Princess Marya, “know that I am glad that my brother found happiness ...” She stopped, feeling that she was telling a lie. Natasha noticed this stop and guessed the reason for it.
“I think, princess, that it’s inconvenient to talk about this now,” Natasha said with outward dignity and coldness, and with tears that she felt in her throat.
"What did I say, what did I do!" she thought as she left the room.
They waited a long time for Natasha for dinner that day. She sat in her room and sobbed like a child, blowing her nose and sobbing. Sonya stood over her and kissed her hair.
- Natasha, what are you talking about? she said. "What do you care about them?" Everything will pass, Natasha.
- No, if you knew how insulting it is ... just like I ...
- Don't talk, Natasha, it's not your fault, so what's your business? Kiss me,” Sonya said.
Natasha raised her head, and kissing her friend on the lips, pressed her wet face to her.
“I can't say, I don't know. No one is to blame, - said Natasha, - I am to blame. But it all hurts terribly. Oh, that he is not going! ...
She went out to dinner with red eyes. Marya Dmitrievna, who knew how the prince received the Rostovs, pretended that she did not notice Natasha's upset face and firmly and loudly joked at the table with the count and other guests.

That evening the Rostovs went to the opera, for which Marya Dmitrievna got a ticket.
Natasha did not want to go, but it was impossible to refuse Marya Dmitrievna's kindness, which was intended exclusively for her. When she, dressed, went out into the hall, waiting for her father and looking in a large mirror, she saw that she was good, very good, she became even more sad; but sad sweet and loving.
“My God, if he were here; then I would not be like before, with some kind of stupid timidity in front of something, but in a new way, I would simply hug him, snuggle up to him, make him look at me with those searching, curious eyes with which he so often looked at me and then would make him laugh, as he laughed then, and his eyes - how I see those eyes! thought Natasha. - And what do I care about his father and sister: I love him alone, him, him, with this face and eyes, with his smile, masculine and childish at the same time ... No, it’s better not to think about him, not think, forget, completely forget for this time. I can’t bear this waiting, I’m about to sob,” and she moved away from the mirror, making an effort not to cry. “And how can Sonya love Nikolinka so evenly, so calmly, and wait so long and patiently!” she thought, looking at Sonya, also dressed, who came in, with a fan in her hands.