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Textbook for 10 - 11 grades of high school. Ed. Yu.I. Polyansky.
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CONTENT:
Introduction 6
CHAPTER I. EVOLUTIONARY DOCTRINE
1. Evolutionary ideas before Ch. Darwin. The Emergence of Darwin's Teachings 11
2. The main provisions of the teachings of Darwin. Meaning of Darwinism 14
3. View. Population 16
4. Heredity and variability 19-
5. Artificial selection. Factors in the evolution of animal breeds and plant varieties 22
6. Struggle for existence 25
7. Natural selection, other factors of evolution 29
8. Fitness of organisms and its relativity 33
9. Formation of new species 38
CHAPTER II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIC WORLD
10. Macroevolution, its evidence 43
11. System of plants and animals - display of evolution 47
12. The main directions of the evolution of the organic world.50
13. History of the development of life on Earth 54
CHAPTER III. HUMAN ORIGINS
14. Evidence of the origin of man from animals 59
15. driving forces(factors) of anthropogenesis 63
16. Directions of human evolution. The oldest people 67
17. Directions of human evolution. ancient and first modern people 70
18. Human races. Criticism of racism and social Darwinism 73
CHAPTER IV. BASICS OF ECOLOGY
19. Problems of ecology. Ecological factors and their interaction. Math modeling 77
20. The main abiotic environmental factors and their importance for wildlife 80
21. Adaptation of organisms to seasonal changes in nature. Photoperiodism 82
22. Species and population - their ecological characteristics 86
23. Problems rational use species and conservation of their diversity 89
24. Ecological systems 91
25. Reservoir and oak forest as examples of biogeocenoses 95
26. Changes in biogeocenoses 101
27. Biogeocenoses created by man 104
CHAPTER V. FOUNDATIONS OF THE DOCTRINE OF THE BIOSPHERE
28. Biosphere and biomass properties of planet Earth 109
29. Biomass of land and ocean surface. 113
30. Circulation of substances and transformation of energy in the biosphere 116
CHAPTER VI. BASICS OF CYTOLOGY
31. Cell theory 123
32. Structure and functions of the cell membrane 127
33. Cytoplasm and its organelles: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and plastids 131
34. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and other organelles of the cytoplasm. Inclusions 136
35. Core 139
36. Prokaryotic cells. Non-cellular life forms - viruses 141
37. Chemical composition cells. inorganic substances 145
38. organic matter cells. Proteins, their structure 147
39. Properties and functions of proteins 153
40. Carbohydrates. Lipids 155
41. Nucleic acids. DNA and RNA - 157
42. Metabolism. Adenosine triphosphoric acid - ATP 162
43. Energy metabolism in the cell. Synthesis of ATP 165
44. Plastic exchange. Biosynthesis of proteins. Synthesis of i-RNA 167
45. Synthesis of a polypeptide chain on a ribosome 171
46. Features of plastic and energy exchanges of plant cells 175
CHAPTER VII. REPRODUCTION AND INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISMS
47. Cell division. Mitosis. 181
48. Forms of reproduction of organisms 185
49. Meiosis 187
50. Fertilization 190
51. Individual development organism-ontogenesis 192
52. Emergence and initial development life on earth 195
CHAPTER VIII. BASICS OF GENETICS
53. Hybridological method for studying heredity. Mendel's First Law 203
54. Cytological bases of patterns of inheritance 207
55. Dihybrid crossing. Mendel's Second Law 211
56. Cytological basis of dihybrid crossing 214
57. The phenomenon of linked inheritance and the genetics of sex 215
58. Genotype as complete system 220
59. Human genetics and its significance for medicine and public health 222
60. Modification variability 227
61. Hereditary variability 230
62. Material foundations of heredity and variability. Genetic Engineering. 236
63. Genetics and evolutionary theory. 239
CHAPTER IX. BREEDING OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND MICROORGANISMS
64. Tasks of modern breeding 245
65. Centers of diversity and origin of cultivated plants 246
66. Plant breeding 248
67. Works of IV Michurin. Plant breeding achievements in the Soviet Union 253
68. Animal breeding. 256
69. Creation of highly productive breeds of domestic animals. selection of microorganisms. Biotechnology 259
CHAPTER X. EVOLUTION OF THE BIOSPHERE. DISTURBANCE OF NATURAL REGULATIONS DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES
70. Biosphere and scientific and technological progress 267
71. Noosphere 270
Index of terms 277
Concise Dictionary terms 281
We bring to your attention the textbook General biology» for 9-10 grades of high school.
Publisher: Enlightenment, 1988
Number of pages: 288.
Contents of the book “General Biology. Grades 9-10":
- 6 Introduction
- 11
CHAPTER I. EVOLUTIONARY DOCTRINE
- 11 1. Evolutionary ideas before Ch. Darwin. The emergence of Darwin's teachings
- 14 2. The main provisions of the teachings of Darwin. Significance of Darwinism
- 16 3. View. population
- 19 4. Heredity and variability
- 22 5. Artificial selection. Factors in the evolution of animal breeds and plant varieties
- 25 6. Struggle for existence
- 29 7. Natural selection, other factors of evolution
- 33 8. Fitness of organisms and its relativity
- 38 9. Formation of new species
- 43
CHAPTER II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIC WORLD
- 43 10. Macroevolution, its evidence
- 47 11. The system of plants and animals - a display of evolution
- 50 12. The main directions of the evolution of the organic world
- 54 13. The history of the development of life on Earth
- 59
CHAPTER III. HUMAN ORIGINS
- 59 14. Evidence of the origin of man from animals
- 63 15. Driving forces (factors) of anthropogenesis
- 67 16. Directions of human evolution. The oldest people
- 70 17. Directions of human evolution. Ancient and first modern humans
- 73 18. Human races. Criticism of racism and social Darwinism
- 77
CHAPTER IV. BASICS OF ECOLOGY
- 77 19. Problems of ecology. Ecological factors and their interaction. Math modeling
- 80 20. The main abiotic environmental factors and their significance for wildlife
- 82 21. Adaptation of organisms to seasonal changes in nature. photoperiodism
- 86 22. Species and population - their ecological characteristics
- 89 23. Problems of rational use of species and conservation of their diversity
- 91 24. Ecological systems
- 95 25. Reservoir and oak forest as examples of biogeocenoses
- 101 26. Changes in biogeocenoses
- 104 27. Biogeocenoses created by man
- 109
CHAPTER V. FOUNDATIONS OF THE DOCTRINE OF THE BIOSPHERE
- 109 28. Biosphere and biomass properties of planet Earth
- 113 29. Land and ocean biomass
- 116 30. Circulation of substances and energy transformation in the biosphere
- 123
CHAPTER VI. BASICS OF CYTOLOGY
- 123 31. Cell theory
- 127 32. The structure and functions of the cell membrane
- 131 33. Cytoplasm and its organelles: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and plastids
- 136 34. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and other organelles of the cytoplasm. Inclusions
- 139 35. Core
- 141 36. Prokaryotic cells. Non-cellular life forms - viruses
- 145 37. Chemical composition of the cell. inorganic substances
- 147 38. Organic substances of the cell. Proteins, their structure
- 153 39. Properties and functions of proteins
- 155 40. Carbohydrates. Lipids
- 157 41. Nucleic acids. DNA and RNA
- 162 42. Metabolism. Adenosine triphosphoric acid - ATP
- 165 43. Energy metabolism in the cell. ATP synthesis
- 167 44. Plastic exchange. Biosynthesis of proteins. Synthesis of i-RNA
- 171 45. Synthesis of a polypeptide chain on a ribosome
- 175 46. Features of plastic and energy exchanges of plant cells
- 181
CHAPTER VII. REPRODUCTION AND INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISMS
- 181 47. Cell division. Mitosis
- 185 48. Forms of reproduction of organisms
- 187 49. Meiosis
- 190 50. Fertilization
- 192 51. Individual development of an organism—ontogenesis
- 195 52. Origin and initial development of life on Earth
- 203
CHAPTER VIII. BASICS OF GENETICS
- 203 53. Hybridological method for studying heredity. Mendel's first law
- 207 54. Cytological basis of patterns of inheritance
- 211 55. Dihybrid crossing. Mendel's second law
- 214 56. Cytological basis of dihybrid crossing
- 215 57. The phenomenon of linked inheritance and the genetics of sex
- 220 58. Genotype as an integral system
- 222 59. Human genetics and its significance for medicine and public health
- 227 60. Modification variability
- 230 61. Hereditary variability
- 236 62. Material foundations of heredity and variability. Genetic Engineering
- 239 63. Genetics and evolutionary theory
- 245
CHAPTER IX. BREEDING OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND MICROORGANISMS
- 245 64. Tasks of modern breeding
- 246 65. Centers of diversity and origin of cultivated plants
- 248 66. Plant breeding
- 253 67. Works of IV Michurin. Plant breeding achievements in the Soviet Union
- 256 68. Animal breeding
- 259 69. Creation of highly productive breeds of domestic animals. selection of microorganisms. Biotechnology
- 267
CHAPTER X. EVOLUTION OF THE BIOSPHERE. DISTURBANCE OF NATURAL REGULATIONS DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES
- 267 70. Biosphere and scientific and technological progress
- 270 71. Noosphere
- 277 Terms Index
- 281 Brief glossary of terms
General biology - Textbook - 9-10 grade - Polyansky Yu.I., Brown A.D., Verzilin N.M., Danilevsky A.S., Zhinkin L.N., Korsunskaya V.M., Sukhanova K.M. - 1987.
The textbook was written by a team of authors, the work between which was distributed as follows: Ph.D. ped. sciences V. M. Korsunskaya owns the topic “Evolutionary Teaching”; prof. A. D. Brown, prof. K. M. Sukhanova, prof. L. N. Zhinkin wrote the chapters “Fundamentals of Cytology, “Reproduction and Individual Development of Organisms”, prof. Yu. I. Polyansky "Fundamentals of Genetics", "Breeding of Plants, Animals and Microorganisms"; prof. A. S. Danilevsky owns the chapter “Fundamentals of Ecology”, member-kr. APS of the USSR to N. M. Verzilina “Fundamentals of the doctrine of the biosphere and “Evolution of the biosphere. Violation of natural laws as a result of human activity.
CONTENT:
Introduction 6
CHAPTER I EVOLUTIONARY DOCTRINE
1. Evolutionary ideas before Ch. Darwin. The Emergence of Darwin's Teachings 11
2. The main provisions of the teachings of Darwin. Meaning of Darwinism 14
3. View. Population 16
4. Heredity and variability
5. Artificial selection. Factors in the evolution of animal breeds and plant varieties 22
6. Struggle for existence 25
7. Natural selection, other factors of evolution 29
8. Fitness of organisms and its relativity 33
9. Formation of new species 38
CHAPTER II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIC WORLD
10. Macroevolution, its evidence 43
11. System of plants and animals - display of evolution 47
12. The main directions of the evolution of the organic world.50
13. History of the development of life on Earth 54
CHAPTER III. HUMAN ORIGINS
14. Evidence of the origin of man from animals 59
15. Driving forces (factors) of anthropogenesis 63
16. Directions of human evolution. Ancient people 67
17. Directions of human evolution. Ancient and first modern humans 70
18. Human races. Criticism of racism and social Darwinism 73
CHAPTER IV. BASICS OF ECOLOGY
19. Problems of ecology. Ecological factors and their interaction. Mathematical modeling 77
20. The main abiotic environmental factors and their importance for wildlife 80
21. Adaptation of organisms to seasonal changes in nature. Photoperiodism 82
22. Species and population - their ecological characteristics 86
23. Problems of rational use of species and conservation of their diversity 89
24. Ecological systems 91
25. Reservoir and oak forest as examples of biogeocenoses 95
26. Changes in biogeocenoses 101
27. Biogeocenoses created by man 104
CHAPTER V BASICS OF THE DOCTRINE OF THE BIOSPHERE
28. Biosphere and biomass properties of planet Earth 109
29. Biomass of land and ocean surface. 113
30. Circulation of substances and transformation of energy in the biosphere 116
CHAPTER VI. BASICS OF CYTOLOGY
31. Cell theory 123
32. Structure and functions of the cell membrane 127
33. Cytoplasm and its organelles: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and plastids 131
34. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and other organelles of the cytoplasm. Inclusions 136
35. Core 139
36. Prokaryotic cells. Non-cellular life forms - viruses 141
37. Chemical composition of the cell. Inorganic substances 145
38. Organic substances of the cell. Proteins, their structure 147
39. Properties and functions of proteins 153
40. Carbohydrates. Lipids 155
41. Nucleic acids. DNA and RNA - 157
42. Metabolism. Adenosine triphosphoric acid - ATP 162
43. Energy metabolism in the cell. Synthesis of ATP 165
44. Plastic exchange. Biosynthesis of proteins. Synthesis of i-RNA 167
45. Synthesis of a polypeptide chain on a ribosome 171
46. Features of plastic and energy exchanges of plant cells 175
CHAPTER VII. REPRODUCTION AND INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISMS
47. Cell division. Mitosis. 181
48. Forms of reproduction of organisms 185
49. Meiosis 187
50. Fertilization 190
51. Individual development of an organism-ontogenesis 192
52. Origin and initial development of life on Earth 195
CHAPTER VIII. BASICS OF GENETICS
53. Hybridological method for studying heredity. Mendel's First Law 203
54. Cytological bases of patterns of inheritance 207
55. Dihybrid crossing. Mendel's Second Law 211
56. Cytological basis of dihybrid crossing 214
57. The phenomenon of linked inheritance and the genetics of sex 215
58. Genotype as an integral system 220
59. Human genetics and its significance for medicine and public health 222
60. Modification variability 227
61. Hereditary variability 230
62. Material foundations of heredity and variability. Genetic Engineering. 236
63. Genetics and evolutionary theory. 239
CHAPTER IX. BREEDING OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND MICROORGANISMS
64. Tasks of modern breeding 245
65. Centers of diversity and origin of cultivated plants 246
66. Plant breeding 248
67. Works of IV Michurin. Plant breeding achievements in the Soviet Union 253
68. Animal breeding. 256
69. Creation of highly productive breeds of domestic animals. selection of microorganisms. Biotechnology 259
CHAPTER X EVOLUTION OF THE BIOSPHERE. DISTURBANCE OF NATURAL REGULATIONS DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES
70. Biosphere and scientific and technological progress 267
71. Noosphere 270
Index of terms 277
Brief glossary of terms 281
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