Good afternoon in Serbian. Serbian is a short amateur dictionary. Greetings, common expressions

Words with a double bottom

Some words in Serbian are similar to Russian, some are similar to Ukrainian. Our poor knowledge of Ukrainian (after several vacations near Odessa) even bothered us here, because, for example, we constantly wanted to say goodbye with the phrase “goodbye!”, But in Serbian “goodbye” sounds “Goodbye!”, That is, the language still different.

Also, there are many words in Serbian that have (in our understanding) a very specific meaning, but are used here in a completely different sense. A typical example is Serbian "Thank you" or "Praise!". Hearing or pronouncing this word, we were drawn to continue the phrase - it was absolutely impossible to just say “Praise” - after all, there must be praise for someone and for something? As a result, every time after the waiter walked away from us with payment for dinner and said “Praise!”, We immediately (quietly) continued “his” thought - “... Praise the Almighty, these two were able to pay the bill and finally get off my table."

And Serbian “welcome” (good-natured - dobrodosli)- constantly transformed into “well, well done for coming.”

Here's a phrase book we bought a few days later - it's pretty well organized. But all the same, it takes time to fish out something necessary in the mass of phrases precisely in this moment. Therefore, we still had to compile our personal version of the phrase book.

In fact, the dictionary

So, we offer a few useful phrases that we memorized for ourselves and actively used in everyday life. Due to the “holiday” specifics, phrases are more and more around communication with waiters. I do not guarantee that all of them are correct, but that is how we heard them, and that is how our interlocutors fully understood them.

GOOD Yutro/ dobar dan/ dober evening- everything is clear and so).

Options: Chao!(Equally suitable as a greeting and farewell - hello, bye!)

Or Hello!- also a variant of hello.

What is it?(how are you?) - so they may ask if you have come to the cafe for the first time.

You can answer with "Good, praise". Or - “at redu, praise”- all right, thank you.

Hello, how is Ide? - the same!- Hey, how are things going? - yes, as usual (free translation :).

Not really- everything is like ours, pronouns I, you etc. - about the same

DOruchak- breakfast

Waiters usually greet you with a word "Would you please?"- something like “please, I’m listening” (we, of course, translated this with the pre-revolutionary-pleaser “What are you willing?”)

When ordering, select the desired dish and ask -

“Ima splasher?”(Is there a splash?) - an option, is it possible for Splash?

Ima, maete, imam- all variants of the word “have, have”.

NEma- respectively, no (so the waiter can answer).

Small or big? (great)- small or big? (for example, about beer).

Kaffa- coffee, cafe with milk- coffee with milk.

Sladke- sweet, Slano- salty

Preposition "for" "For a lady?"- For a lady? What does the lady want to order?

When the order is placed, the waiter may ask - Even what? TOito?(something else? or all?) - confirm - Toito!(All!)

Dobar appetite!- Bon appetit

Praise!- Thank you

Rachun- the account in cafe. Maybe a rachun?- May I get the bill? (for some reason this most useful phrase we could not find in any phrase book)

Praise, very tasty!- thank you, very tasty!

This is usually followed by the response of the waiter - Please!- something like - please!

The waiter may ask - OK?(Is everything okay?) - you can answer the same, OK, praise! Or just stick out one or two thumbs up in approval.

In addition, you can use the generic word "super!", much loved by the locals).

The waiter might respond with something like "Drago me"- another equivalent of our “please, I'm glad”

Garno- (by the way, the Ukrainian word) - also something like “good”.

Lepo (lepo)- good, beautiful (beautiful)

Do you need a taxi?(Ukrainian again - do you need a taxi?)

Sprat costa?- what is the price?

Colic?- How many?

kisha- rain!

Pekara- pastry shop, bakery

Kolach (kolac)- cake

See you later!- Goodbye ( apparently!- see you)

Nice!- best wishes! - the usual way to say goodbye, this word will constantly be said to you at the exit of a store or cafe, in response to your “Praise, see you soon!”

Common calls - Mister! Mistress!

What is your name? - what is the name of this?(it’s good that no one has ever asked us this in Serbian, otherwise it sounds very provocative - “what do you call yourself” :)))

My name is - call me se..(we call ourselves. uh ... oh, the main thing is not to run wild fantasies)

Happy time- often written in stores, this is not “native time”, as one might think, but “working hours”)

Do you speak Russian?- Do you speak Russian?

Nerazumem- I don’t understand (I had to hear this quite often, and then we ourselves mastered this phrase, after the Serbs who came to rest, who also mistook us for their own, tried several times to find out from us the way somewhere, or to find out when the last bus)

We pray- I ask (another word that directly begs for continuation:) - for example, at first we tried to “beg for a racunka” from a waiter

Ulaz, Izlaz- entrance / exit (it's easy to remember: into the forest - out of the forest :))

Frizerski salon- a hairdressing salon (and not an air conditioner salon, as I thought at first)

Russian-Serbian phrasebook: how to explain yourself in an unfamiliar country. Popular phrases and expressions for travelers.

• Hot tours to Serbia
• Tours for the New Year Worldwide

The Serbian language belongs to the Slavic group and is very close to the Russian language, but it is difficult to understand many words without translation. The basis of spelling in Serbia is Cyrillic, but in Everyday life Latin is also actively used. Many funny stories are related to language confusion, because many Serbian words have opposite meaning in Russian. For example, if you order “cookies” in a restaurant, then they will bring you fried meat, when you see the word “disgrace” on the posters, you should know that this is a theater, a Serbian grandmother in Russian will sound like “crucian”, and after reading on the sign “ climbed out" and "climbed out", you can probably guess that these are "entrance" and "exit".

In the Serbian language, consonant sounds noticeably dominate in words. Among Serbs, a funny patter "Strč prst skrz krk" is popular, which literally translates as "put your finger through your throat."

Greetings, common expressions
Hello	hello
Good morning!	Good morning
Good afternoon	Dobar dan
Good evening!	Dobro vetskhe
Hello!	Chao/Healthy
Goodbye!	Dovigenya
Bye	Chao/Healthy
Best wishes	Nice to sve naibole
Yes	Yes
No	Ne
Sorry	Sorry
Please	Nema na scheme, we pray te
Do you speak Serbian?	Do you speak srpski?
Yes talking	Yes, we are talking
Yes a little	Yes, little
No I do not speak	No, we don't talk
Do you speak English?	Do you understand English
I understand well	Let's understand good
Badly	Weak
Very little	Yako weakly
I hardly understand	Soon nishta
I	I
We
You	Tee
You	In and
They	They
What is your name?	What is se zoveskh? (informally), what are you calling? (formally)
Fine	Good
Badly	Loshe
Please say...	Please, say...
Can I ask you?	Can we beg you?
How are you (doing)?	Kako si (ste)
OK, thank you	Praise, good
Great!	Excellent!
At the restaurant
Where can you get close...?	Where se ovde mozhe
...have breakfast	Doruchkovati
...have lunch	Doruchkovati
... have dinner	Vecharati
... to have a bite	eat something
...to drink coffee	Drink something
At the restaurant	At the restaurant
In the bar	At the bar
In the cafe	At the cafe, at the cafe
I want to book a table for tonight	I want da razarvisham a hundred per vecheras
We need a table for four	Treba mi a hundred for chetvoro
Please give me the menu	Please, give me a fir tree
What would you advise us?	Shta entrusts us
Do you have any specials?	Imate neshto od specialityta
Bring us more...	Donesite namyosh
...guilt	Wine
...one portion	...one portion
I didn't order it	Nisam then brachio
It's delicious (not tasty)	Ovo e (ne) bite
Bring the bill, please	Donase rachun
Dessert	Desert
Breakfast	Doruchak
Menu	spruce
Dinner	Ruchak
Waiter	Kalner
Ashtray	Pepelara
Dinner	Vechera
Bread	bread
Meat platter	Hladna Nareska
Ham	Shunka
Cheese	Tvrdi Sir
Brynza	Bali Sir
Thick soup	Chorba
Bean soup	Chorba od pasoula
Vegetable soup	Chorba od povrcea
Mackerel on the coals	Tasting in the heat
Pleskavitsa (large thin minced meat cutlet)	Pleskavitsa
Shashlik	Razhnichi
Cevapchichi (small long minced meat patties)	Chevapchichi
Ice cream	Sladoled
Cake	Kolach
Cocoa	Topla chocolate
Coffee	cafe
plum vodka	Rakia
Red wine	Crno wine
White wine	Belo wine
Dry wine	Suvo wine
Station, transport
Where is the information desk located?	Where sou information?
Where is the storage room?	Where is the wardrobe?
Where is the toilet?	Where is the toilet?
Porter	Nosach
Where are the ticket offices?	Where do I sell cartes for a cart?
Where is the schedule?	Where is red vozhne?
Is this a direct train?	Is it ovo directan who
Give me a first class ticket	Give mi prvo class
Where does the train leave from?	From whom do you climb a cart?
Is the train late?	Is there a cart?
Do I need to do a transplant?	Is there a need for presedam?
When is the departure?	Where do you go?
Arrival	Dolazak
Schedule	Raspored
I need a return ticket	I need a private card
Train	Wow, railroad
Bus	bus
Airport	Aerodrome
Railway station	Zheleznichka village
How much does the ticket cost?	What is the card?
Ticket	Map
When does the first bus leave?	Where do you want to take the bus?
Where is the bus-stop?	Where is the bus station?
Bike	Bicycle
Motorbike	Motorbike
petrol station	Benzins pumpa
Driver's license	Carriage permit
How can you get to... ?	What se ide for...?
Where is the gas station located?	Where is the petrol station?
Where can I buy tickets?	Where can I buy a carte for avion
Can I book a ticket?	Can I reserve a card
Do you have direct flights to Moscow?	Is it a direct letov's name for Moscow?
Please show your ticket (passport)	Please, card (pass)
Hotel
Do you have rooms available?	Is it imate slobodne sobe?
Is there one double room?	Imamo single dvokrevetnu soba?
Unfortunately no	Pity, nemamo
Everything is busy	Sve e popuneno
I can offer you a room (apartment) in the private sector	May I offer you a soba (apartment) at a private smashta
What is the price of the room?	Colica Ye Tsena Sobe
Is this price per person?	Is there a price for the individual
Please fill out the form	We pray, popunite priyav
Write ... first and last name	Write... name and prezime
What floor is my room on?	Where is my dog ​​on?
On the first floor	I will land
We have an elevator	imamo lift
In my room... the power outlet is not working.	My own ... ne for the sake of prikalyuchak
Please... change the towels	We pray... replace peshkire
Please give me the key to room 211	We pray, the key is fight two hundred edanaest
Can I use this phone?	Can I, yes, let us serve as their telephone phone?
I would like to pay... the bill	We wish yes we pay... rachun
Please call a taxi	Please call a taxi
In the shop
How much does it cost?	How much is a cat?
Please give me a receipt	We beg you Rachun
What it is?	What is ovo?
I will buy it	We buy
Open	opened
Closed	closed
It's too expensive	To ye much mean
Do you accept credit card?	Do you prefer a credit card?
Can I try on?	Can I try?
Please gift wrap	Pray, pack for a bow
Where can I buy products?	Where can I buy a store
Weigh it please	Measure ovo, please
Is there nearby... ?	Is ima close by...?
...supermarket	Supermarket
...minimarket	Minimarket
...grocery store	Saleswoman conciliator
Weigh it please	Measure ovo, please
cut into	Nasetite
Milk	Mlako
Vegetables	Povrche
Sugar	Shecher
Salt	So
Fruits	Voche
Bread	bread
Eggs	Yaya
Numbers and numbers
One	Eden
Two	Two
Three	Three
Four	Tskhetiri
Five	pet
Six	Schest
Seven	Sadam
Eight	Osam
Nine	Dewet
Ten	Deset
Twenty	Dvadeset
Thirty	Trideset
Fourty	Tskhetrdeset
Fifty	Pedeset
Sixty	Shezdeset
Seventy	Sedamdeset
Eighty	Osamdeset
Ninety	Devedeset
One hundred	One hundred
Thousand	Hilyada
Million	Miliyun
Days of the week, months, seasons
Monday	ponedielak
Tuesday	Utorak
Wednesday	Wednesday
Thursday	Thursday
Friday	Petak
Saturday	Saturday
Sunday	Nediel
January	Januar
February	fabruar
March	March
April	April
May	May
June	Yun
July	Yul
August	August
September	Septambar
October	Oktobar
November	Novembar
December	Decembar
Winter	Winter
Spring	Proletion
Summer	Summer
Autumn	Yesen
Speech irregularities
Pride	Diarrhea (emphasis on the first "o")
motherland	Domovina
Life	Stomach
swiftly	Brazenly
Lead	Tin
Right	Directly
Letter	Word
Taste	Bite
Ask	Pitati
Theater	shame
Wife's sister (in-law)	Swastika
Ceiling	Plafond
Get in	fall down

Is it difficult studying Serbian ?

If you are already familiar with Slavic vocabulary or, moreover, are a native speaker of another Slavic language, then there should not be any particular problems, since many words can be understood without even learning the language.

You will even soon realize how pleasant and interesting it is - to study a similar language on the one hand, and so unlike, on the other hand, to yours native language

Learn Serbian

The first difficulties will be with declensions, or rather with endings. The same difficulties will be with cases, although the cases themselves and the way they are used are, in general, the same as in Russian or any other Slavic language.
But there are also "pitfalls" of such similarity - the same word can be read the same way in several languages, but it can have a different meaning. Here is an example from everyday life - if a Serb comes up to you, smiles sweetly and says “wife” (suppose you are female), this does not mean that he offers you a hand and heart. It’s just that “wife” is translated from Serbian as “woman”. But, you see, these words are similar and have a common root “wives” for all Slavs.
Serbian letters

Also in Serbian there are very peculiar letters - such hybrids created by the merger of two separate letters. For example - "њ" and "љ". But, if you turn on the logic for a second, you can easily understand the essence of these letters. If you cross two letters of Russian alphabet"l" and "b", then you get љ.

The same with "n" and "b". As you can see, it is quite possible to understand the Serbs. But for Russian-speaking beginners, there are still more problems than for speakers of other Slavic languages. This is because Russian language changed a lot during its existence and lost a lot of native Slavic elements, but took a lot of borrowed vocabulary. In a word, Russian-speaking beginners are even more interesting, since all the words seem to be similar, but they sound different and the whole learning process turns into an entertaining puzzle.

However, you must immediately warn - this does not mean that you, having heard Serbian language you will understand everything, on the contrary, many words, grammatical structure differs in many respects from the Russian language.
For example, Serbian words like hand(hand), leg(leg) or water(water) you will definitely understand without translation

However, the Serbian language can play a cruel joke on you if you do not clarify the correctness of the translation, since, for example, a seemingly familiar word in Serbian letter, means not a letter, but "word", and the Serbian word rech- means “word” in translation, and if the Serbs say “right” to you, then you don’t need to go right, since this word is translated as “straight”

Serbian words

Words, similar to Russian ones, are easy to remember: hand - "hand", leg - "leg", sky - "sky", water - "water" and the like. But there is no need to lose vigilance!

Many of these words do not match in meaning, or only partially match, for example: speech - “word”, word - “letter”, praise - “thank you”, right - “straight”.

There are many words in the Serbian language that cause false associations for Russian-speaking students.

Peculiarities

The Serbian language has many other features. And we will slowly consider them with you in more detail.

The most interesting letter, or rather the sign in Serbian is an apostrophe.
It is often used in the same way as in Russian (separation of syllables and letters), but in Serbian it has acquired a special meaning. The apostrophe often replaces some letters or even syllables. For example - the word "'љeb" - this is translated as "bread" and the apostrophe replaces the letter x.
But, for example, the word "mo'sh". It is no doubt familiar to all Slavs, but it is sometimes difficult to recognize it in the Serbian language. "Mo'sh" is translated into Russian as the word "you can", and, by the way, is read the same way. The apostrophe is generally unique to Serbian- He is perhaps his most characteristic feature.

Another feature is love. Serbs to abbreviations of words, which are then very difficult to learn. Syllables are replaced not only by an apostrophe, but also by soft and solid signs. Serbs also like to invent new letters by combining old ones, like the same symbiosis of “l” and “b” in the letter “љ”.

Writing

Serbian language uses Cyrillic, dating back to the Russian alphabet and Latin, and on equal terms in Serbia and Montenegro.

Cyrillic is the traditional script, while Latin is predominantly used in business.

Spelling in Serbian based on phonetic principle, that is, words are written as they are pronounced (with some exceptions).

Voiced final consonants, for example B, C, D, G, Z, Zh, are not stunned at the end of a word. This means that the Serbian words tooth, blood, friend, hail, knife are pronounced [tooth], [shelter], [friend], [hail], [knife], and not [zup], [krof], [druk], [grat], [burden].

Learn Serbian

In the exemplary Serbian language, there is a musical-power stress. This means that the stressed syllable is distinguished not only by greater tension, but also by an increase or decrease in the tone of the voice. Both stressed and unstressed (stressed) syllables in the Serbian language can be long and short.

Basics of the Serbian language

Let's our Serbian language course let's start with the foundation of the foundations - in my opinion, this foundation is the most important verb, probably in any language - this is the verb "to be"

In Serbian, the verb "to be" is never omitted, unlike in Russian

Did you study English? maybe French? Remember the verb to be? Etre?

To say the sentence "He is a student" (which in Russian consists of two words) in Serbian (as in English and French) you need to say three words "He is a student" (literally: He is a student)

If you have ever studied English, German or other European languages- it will be quite easy for you to follow this rule

The verb to be is to beat

This main verb in Serbian has two forms: Brief and complete
There's nothing to worry about! The most commonly used short form (as in the example: He is a student)
The full form is most often used at the beginning of a sentence and with logical stress.

Let's take a closer look at the short form:

1 person Ja himself ( I am) mi smo ( we are)
2 person Ti si ( you are) Wi ste ( you are)
3rd person He je ( he is) They su ( they are)

Now consider the full form:

1 person Ja jesam Mi jesmo
2 person Tee Jesi Wie Jeste
3rd person He jesu They jesu

This Serbian verb need to learn by heart! Very very good! Since he will always and everywhere meet you, we will form from him different times and shapes and more

Serbian vowels

Serbian has five vowels .
in Serbian there is a difference from the Russian language, in it all vowel sounds are pronounced equally distinctly both under stress and in an unstressed position. Akanye inherent Russian literary language, in the Serbian language is absent.

Vowels and, e.

Serbianthe vowel [i] is more open than the corresponding Russian vowel, that is, it is pronounced with a slightly lower rise of the language: i, úva, Ȕgor.

Serbian the vowel [e] is close in pronunciation to the Russian [e] at the beginning of the word (this, era, echo), but somewhat more closed: èmo “here”, èra, èho.

Vowel [s] in Serbian absent.

Instead, in words similar to Russian, we find [and]: son "son", rȕba "fish", mû "we".

In this regard, it should be remembered that, unlike the Russian language, after prefixes, prepositions for a consonant and a union and standing after a word for a consonant, it is pronounced [i], and not [s]: bȅidējnū "unprincipled", bèzumen "nameless", friend and brother.

The vowels a, o, u.

Each of them, as well as the syllabic r, can be short and long in stressed and stressed syllables.

The vowels a, o, y practically do not differ in pronunciation from the corresponding vowels of the Russian language.

Serbian[o] is a somewhat less coarsened sound and more closed than Russian [o]: the back of the back when pronouncing Serbian [o) is more raised to the soft palate than when pronouncing Russian [o].

When pronouncing the Serbian vowel [y], the lips are somewhat less protruding and rounded than when pronouncing the corresponding Russian vowel. Thus, [y] in Serbian is a less coarsened sound than in Russian. In addition, compared to Russian, it is also more open: the back of the back of the tongue rises to a lesser extent towards the soft palate.

Consonants

in Serbian twenty-five consonants. Many of them are pronounced as appropriate solid sounds Russian language.
These are the consonants 6, c, d, d, s, k, m, n, d, p, s, w, f.

Note!
IN Serbian there is no stunning of final voiced consonants. If we speak Russian, oak (at the end we pronounce “p”) - there is no such thing in the Serbian language

Unlike the Russian language, the voiced final consonants b, c, d, e, f, z, as well as ħ and u are not stunned in the Serbian language: tooth, rog, knife, cart, hail.

Consonants w, w, c.

Serbian consonants [zh], [sh], [ts] are acoustically perceived as softer in comparison with Russian corresponding consonants; during their formation, the middle part of the language is not omitted, as in the formation of solid Russians [g], [w], [c]. Examples: frog , "frog", seams "the seam", shk cm "six", wife "wife, woman" Zhŷm "yellow", shỳma "forest", ȍprice „ mark".

It should be remembered that in the Serbian language after w, w, c the vowel [i] is pronounced (and not [s], as in Russian): cf. Serbian words Zhȕmo, shylo, tsyrkus, figure and Russians zhito, awl, circus, figure

Consonant x.

Serbianmidlingual sonorant consonant j - one of the five soft consonants. In an isolated position, it corresponds in pronunciation to the Russian non-syllabic [and]

In position before stressed vowels Serbianj pronounced weaker than Russian; the language is less tense than when pronouncing Russian consonant: ja - I ( j arlo - bright).

Consonant l.

Serbianthe consonant [l] is pronounced differently than Russian. When pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue should rest against the alveoli, and the back of the back of the tongue is not pulled back, the middle part of the tongue is not bent, as in the formation of a solid Russian [l), but takes a higher "position. The Serbian sound [l) is perceived by Russians as more soft than the corresponding Russian hard [l]: l , l ŷ To "onion, varnish"lacquer", l û To "image", lamo "summer".

Consonant r syllabic.

Serbian language

Serbian syllabic [r] in my own way articulation, in general, does not differ from the non-syllabic consonant [r], which is pronounced approximately the same as Russian [r].

The only difference Serbian syllabic [p] from non-syllabic lies in the fact that when pronouncing the syllabic [p] the surface of contact of the tongue with the alveoli is wider; Serbian syllabic [r] is characterized by a slightly longer duration and tension

Being a syllable-forming [r], it can be a carrier of all four types of stress.

Sound R is syllable-forming at the beginning of a word before a consonant (except j ), as well as in the middle of a word between consonants.

stress.

The Russian language is characterized by quantitative-dynamic stress, in which the stressed syllable is more distinguished than the unstressed one, by greater tension of articulation, especially the vowel sound.

The phonetic means of highlighting a stressed syllable in Russian is its longer duration compared to an unstressed one. In the Serbian language, the stress is musical and forceful. The stressed syllable is usually distinguished not only by amplification, but also by a change in the pitch of the voice tone (increase or decrease).

Accent Part 1

Stress in Serbian is mobile . It can be on any syllable in a word, except for the last one.

In words that have a common origin and the same spelling in Serbian and Russian, the stress in Serbian is usually one syllable closer to the beginning of the word than in Russian, and it is always ascending (either long or short): hand, foot, water, speak.

Consonant stress Part 2

Serbian grammar

long falling accent︵ characterized by a significant decrease in tone and amplification percussive sound: ūrᾶvda, dᾶn, sound, sound.

A short descending stress \\ is called strong, since the strengthening of the percussive sound is clearly noticeable, while the decrease in tone is almost inaudible: ūȁrk, ȍko, weak, healthy. This accent is reminiscent of Russian accent V closed syllable: snȍū, rȁk .

Serbian language: consonant stress

A long rising stress / is characterized by a significant increase in the tone of the stressed vowel and an increase in the stressed sound: ruka, ruda, shurba, vága.

A short ascending stress \ is characterized by a slight increase in tone and an increase in percussive sound. This stress is therefore called weak: nòga, water, òna, danas, kỳda .

4 types of accent

If in a Russian word the stress falls on the first syllable, then in Serbian it is also on the first syllable, and, as a rule, it is descending (long or brief): ūrᾶvda, ūȁdashi, drŷg, zᾶūad.

In addition to the four types of stress in the Serbian language, there are also stressed longitudes that occur in some words and word forms (Pyshēm"I write", rᾶdūm"I am working").

Features of stress in the Serbian language:

1 . stress in Serbian language plays a meaningful role.

2. When changing the word (when forming and word formation) the place of stress often changes, its quality .

3. Monosyllabic words have only descending stresses: rôg, snêg, brᾶsh. In polysyllabic words, descending stresses can only be found on the initial syllable:jZero, look.

4. Ascending stresses can be on any syllable except the last one: wife, ūlanùna "mountain", delegation

5. Russian stress on the first syllable of full-vowel combinations - oro-, - olo-, - here-, - barely - in Serbian corresponds to a long downward accent e : grᾶd - city, gᾶd - hunger, brêg"Hill" - coast

6. Russian stress on the second syllable of full-vowel combinations corresponds to a short descending stress: mrȁz - frost, blȁmo - swamp.

7. Russian stress, which is after full-vowel combinations, corresponds to a long ascending stress: vrabats - a sparrow, long - a chisel.

Where to put the emphasis?

If you see something new Serbian word- where to put the emphasis?

There are four types of stress in Serbian , differing in longitude and tone: long down, short down, long down, short up.

Usually in books, newspapers and any other texts, the place and quality of stress is not noted.

Special signs indicating the nature of stress are used in dictionaries. However, the data of the dictionaries reflect the ideal situation, but in reality many Serbs and Montenegrins do not know the classical system of musical stresses, and the longitudes are practically lost.

adjectives

SerbianIt happens complete and short adjective forms.
At quality adjectives Serbian has two forms: full (definite) and short (indefinite).

indefinite the form is used as the nominal part of the nominal compound predicate.

Certain form is used as a definition of a given previously known object. The indefinite form can also be used as a definition if the indicated subject has not been mentioned before.

Nouns

Nouns play, of course, a very significant role in learning a language - after all, we use them all the time, and probably there are practically no sentences where nouns are not used

In the Serbian language, all nouns, as in our native Russian language, are distinguished by gender: feminine, masculine and neuter

Nouns male most often end in a consonant
Example: Clearance (window)
Stan (apartment)
Tata (father)

Exceptions: words like hundred (table) or, for example, dad, uncle, etc. (like in our Russian they end in a vowel, but they still belong to the masculine gender)

2) Genitive when? what? - This Genitive

3) Dative coma? what? - This dative

4) Acoustic when? shma? - This accusative

5) The vocative is the vocative

6) Instrumental kim? chim(e)? - This instrumental case

7) Locative (about) coma? (o) what? - is a prepositional case

Nominative

The nominative case of the singular, plural nouns of all three genders.

in Serbian masculine nouns in the nominative plural have the ending -And,
nouns female - -e (less often -And),

neuter nouns - -A.

masculine	Feminine	Neuter gender
smỳdenm - smỳdenmi	sister - sister	village - village
ūrȍfesor - ūrȍfesori	mᾶ j ka - mᾶ j ke	sea ​​- sea a

Let's start with personal pronouns.
Personal pronouns are I, you, she, she, it, we, you and they

I am Ja
you ti
He He
she she
We Mi
you vee
They are 3 options: she, they, one

Here is one feature!
You need to pay attention to the fact that in the Serbian personal pronoun they have different plural forms
In Russian we say "they", no matter who we are talking about, but in Serbian it's a little different
If “they” are feminine, then you need to use One

If the middle gender - then She
If masculine, then they

If we are talking about persons or objects called nouns of various kinds, then the pronoun they is used: (as for the masculine gender)

Possessive pronouns in Serbian

My my
My my
my mine
My my, my, my

Yours is yours
Yours is yours
Yours is yours
Yours yours, yours, yours

His - (there are several options)
Her - (here are also several) њen, њena, њeno, њeni, њene, њena

Our our
Our our
Our our
Our ours, ours, ours

Your your
Your yours
Yours is yours
Your yours, yours, yours

Their - (several options here)

Of course, the discussion about pronouns does not end there, there are also demonstrative, relative and other different pronouns in the Serbian language, we will talk about them a little later.

Personal pronouns

What are personal pronouns?

For those who have forgotten and studied at school for a long time, we remind you that personal pronouns are me, you, he, she and it, as well as we, you and they

Let's learn today pronouns in Serbian!

Personal pronouns

And now in plural

in Serbian there are full forms of personal pronouns that have independent stress, and short unstressed forms (enclitics), for example: mene - me "me", you - te "you", mini - mi "me", tebi - ti "you".

The Russian verb “to have” (I have, you have ...) is bookish in nature, therefore, when translating the Serbian verb, imati usually use the construction “who has”, for example:
Do you have a pedigree? "Do you have a family?" - Yes, the imam of the breed. "Yes I have a family".

Interrogative sentences with question words.

in Serbian , as in Russian, interrogative words are at the beginning of interrogative sentences and carry phrasal stress.

Interrogative sentences with interrogative particles (general question).

Common question in Serbian It has the following structure: the first place is the verb, the second is the interrogative particle whether. If this is a verb that has a full and short form ( jesam -himself), then the general question is formed using the full form, with the exception of the third person singular: JAre you a student? - Jesus Lee òni Jagree? -Jand whether mômvòja svȅska?

Serbian numerals

1 one jedan
2 two dva
3 tri
4 four četiri
5 five pet
6 six ses
7 seven sedam
8 eight osam
9 nine devet
10 ten deset

11 eleven jedanaest
12 twelve dvanaest
13 thirteen trinaest
14 fourteen četrnaest
15 fifteen petnaest
16 sixteen sesnaest
17 seventeen sedamnaest
18 eighteen osamnast
19 nineteen dvetnaest
20 twenty dvadeset

21 twenty one dvadeset jedan
22 twenty-two dvadeset dva

30 thirty trideset
31 thirty one trideset jedan

40 forty cetrdeset
50 fifty pedeset
60 sixty seconds
70 seventy sedamdeset
80 eighty osamdeset
90 ninety devedeset
100 hundred sto (stotinu)

Features of the Serbian language

in Serbian missing vowel[s]. In words of common origin, Russian [s] in the Serbian language corresponds to [and], it can be compared: ti - you, vi - you, sin - son, riba - fish.

The vowel [e] is pronounced like Russian [e]: epoch - epoch, economy - economy. In Russian, the letter "e" can be read as [ye], for example: Europe [Europe]. This does not happen in the Serbian language, for comparison: Europe [Europe], but: jez "hedgehog", jest "eat, eat".

It's interesting that Serbian hard consonants do not soften in position before vowels [i], [e].
Unlike our native Russian language, in Serbian in the third person plural there are pronouns they - "they" of the masculine gender, one - "they" of the feminine gender and she - "they" of the neuter gender.
Another one feature of the Serbian language- names of nationalities are written with capital letter: Rus, Ruskiњya, Rusi - “Russian, Russian, Russians”; by analogy - Nemats, Nemitsa, Nemtsi; Englez, English, Englezi; American, American, American.

When looking up a word in a dictionary, remember that the dictionary form of an adjective is the short form of the masculine singular. In this form, there is often a “fluent” A, adjectives lose this letter if they are used in the plural. Therefore, to find the translation of pamenti, you need to look for pametAn.

Serbian lessons: My family

Let's start our themed Serbian lessons and today our first topic is devoted to the most important part in the life of every person - the Family

In this lesson you will find useful words and phrases for communicating about family in Serbian.

Surprisingly, in Serbian the word is family - offspring
Mom in Serbian as in Russian mother, father tata grandmother tank

Grandfather grandfather's children child
daughter ker
son syn

relative of the rozhak
uncle stri or uјak
aunt - well, that's not quite ethical in Russian aunt
Brother Brother
sister sister cousin or sister rozhak or relative nephew, niece not like, not like
grandson, granddaughter unuk, unuk
wife spouse husband spouse daughter-in-law bride
son-in-law Z
mother-in-law tashta
father-in-law tast

Your family is big? - Is your breed great?

You can answer this question:

family consists of…. offspring of the system

se sistoi - means consists
one - from

For example:
Our family consists of five people --- Our pedigree is a unique person
Great! Let's try - answer the question: is your breed great?
Tell me how many people your family consists of and list everyone on Serbian

Hyphenation

Although the rules for putting a dot are similar to the rules in Russian, it should be remembered that the dot is placed after ordinal numbers written in Arabic (but not Roman) numerals: Tȏ ej was March 3, 1967. year. "It was March, 3rd 1967"
The point is put in the case of generally accepted abbreviations: year. (year), months (month), nūr. (for example).
However, after the abbreviations units of measurement the dot, as in Russian, is not put, and these names themselves are written either in Cyrillic (m, kg), or in Latin letters: m, kg.

When placing a comma in the subordinate clause Serbian proposal should be followed logical principle punctuation :
If the main clause and the subordinate clause are logically a single whole, and the main clause precedes the subordinate clause, then a comma is not placed between them: Jâ vȍlūm da zúma bÿdē ūrāvā. "I love winter to be real winter"; We see the fall of the quiche. "I see it's raining outside"
A comma is required if subordinate clause is in front of the main: Iako yavēk zhŷrū, she is nȕkadā nè stizhȅ at the time. "Although she is always in a hurry, yet she never arrives on time."
In compound sentences, a comma must be placed before the opposing conjunctions a “a”, or “but”, veɦ “a”. For example: He doesn't ūrūchā much, veɦ râdū. "He doesn't talk, he does business"
A comma is placed between homogeneous members sentences: Ana chita, write and speak Serbian. "Anna reads, writes and speaks Serbian."

The Russian word "what" is translated into Serbian language differently.

If you are interested in quality, color, etc., then you need to ask: What is je he? How is she? How is it? How are they? How is she?

If you mean "which of which", you should use the words: koji, koja, koje; koji, koje, koja.
Unlike Russian formal punctuation in Serbian logical and semantic punctuation.

In particular, a comma is placed only in those cases when one or another element of the sentence is felt by the author as additional, not the main one from the point of view of completeness of the statement.

before the union Yes The comma is usually not used, for example: Igor wish you could buy a shovel. "Igor wants to be bought a ball."

Spelling

Rules for writing words in Serbian with capital letter basically coincide with the rules of writing in Russian.

However, there is a significant difference: the names of peoples are written with a capital letter. Nations, their individual representatives, residents of settlements:

Ryas, Chakh, Yugoslovesh, Englaz, Moskvanin, Begrananin.

Possessive adjectives formed from given names and surnames are written with a capital letter: Dragan - Draganov, Mùlan - Mùlanov.

Attention! It is very interesting Јebiga- does not translate literally (would mean "e .. him"), means - "I'm sorry, I sympathize." Do not seri - do not deceive! Срње - lie, slander Have a mother's pick- is added to almost all emotional phrases. But ONLY for the emotional connotation of speech. Just because adding this phrase sounds very rude. Another! Never believe Serbian words that look like Russian! They don't always mean the same thing. Right is not a direction, but the truth. imash right, can beat yes nemash right isto. It means you are right or wrong. vredan- interesting word. When they tell you - na harmful! It means - You are so hardworking! "Harm" - in Serbian it's good :-) We will work well, we will - it is harmful to the girl :-) "Umoran" is not dead, but tired. And “get tired” is not to get tired, but to stand up. Odmor is "rest", not starvation Mill- this is not a figure (like Yesenin's "Bend over with your beautiful figure"), but apartment Become- it does not stop, but rent an apartment. Tea is not our understanding of tea, but a decoction of chamomile. Be careful when talking to Serbs about tea. They don't know black tea. As wild as it sounds. Tell the Serb that you had tea today. He asks, "What happened?" Offer to come over for a cup of tea. The answer will be "But I'm not sick! I don't need tea! Do you drink tea? Oh, so you're sick" What? - it's not "what?", but "why?" or "why?" But "shta?" - what's this?" Serbian lessons. Seasons. Let's dedicate it to the seasons. By- serbian spring - proleje, which means literally "prologue to the summer", and it is read - "treatment". The rest of the Serbian names of the seasons are also quite clear. : summer, spring, winter. All these words are pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, and the consonants before e in them are a little harder than in similar Russian combinations. In spring, nature comes to life, and the most tender and kind feelings awaken in the soul of a person. It is no coincidence that it is in the spring Easter - in Serbian Vaskr (or Uskrs). Just like all Orthodox, Serbs and Montenegrins celebrate Easter with Easter cakes and colored eggs and when they meet they say to their friends and relatives: "Christ is Risen!" - and they answer: "Verily Risen!". Our readers have already noticed that the traditional Serbian graphics, in which we quote Serbian words, are Cyrillic letters, to which one Latin (j) and several new signs (љ, њ, ћ, c, ђ) are added, which serve to designate writing specific sounds of the Serbian language. Letters coinciding with Russians convey approximately the same sounds in Serbian, and always denote only a vowel. The letter j conveys the sound pronounced at the beginning of the Russian words spruce, hedgehog, south or yak. The letters љ and њ denote soft sounds[l"] and [n"]; they are l and n connected soft sign(convenient, right?). The basic rule for writing Serbian words is "write as you speak". This rule also implies that Serbian words must be read literally, without changing the quality of vowels and consonants. So, the word ford (which means "ship") should be read "ford", without deafening the last consonant, and the name of the month Oktobar ("October") - with an okan, that is, "octobar". Try to read the names of the remaining months of the year correctly: Januar, Februar, March, April, May, June, August, September, Novembar, Decembar.

Serbian lessons. Similar words

Many Serbian words are very similar to Russian. And this is not accidental - after all, our languages ​​are related, they go back to the common Slavic ancestor language. However, not all so simple. Starting to learn the Serbian language, a Russian person is faced with interesting fact: many Serbian words that are very reminiscent of the words of the Russian language, it turns out, have a different meaning.

For example, rech in Serbian - This not at all Russian "speech" or "talk", but "word". Word in serbian it means "letter", A letter- This is a beech tree. There are many similar examples in the parallel of the Russian and Serbian languages.

Words with a deceptive external resemblance can be twofold. Some of them reflect close concepts - for example, Serb. љubiti ("to kiss") and Rus. be in love; Serb. braid ("hair") and Russian. braid; secular ("worldwide") and Russian. secular; Serb. soon (“recently”) and Russian. soon. Other similar words turn out to be very distant in meaning. For example: Serb. tobacco ("master of leather dressing") and Rus. tobacco; Serb. zhuriti (hurry) and Russian. scold; Serb. harmful, harmful ("diligent, diligent") and Rus. harmful, harmful.

Among Serbian words, there are many that seem funny to a person who speaks Russian because of the specific associations they evoke. For example, the upper part of the cheek, the cheekbone in Serbian is called jagoditsa, the house is kuћa, the native language is mothers jezik, the key is dirka, the woman’s chest is dojka, come - climb, life is the stomach, decorate with embroidery - lime, the handle of the lock is kvaka, deficit - maњak.

From the post Irina Antanasievich in LiveJournal about how Serbs perceive some Russian words today:

Russian way / ruski nacin - a harsh or hard way.
Russian winter / Ruska zima - very cold.
Russian fairy tales / Ruske bajke - something very pleasant, idyll.
Russian volunteer / Ruski dobrovoljac - one who is where it is dangerous or does brave things: Sa kim da se upoznam? sa... onom tamo?! Pa nisam ja ruski dobrovoljac!" / Who does he meet?.. with the one over there?.. no, I'm not a Russian volunteer!
Russian film / ruski film is a tragedy.
Russian gas / ruski gas - any Russian help that is not cheap, but still: Bolje da ti rusi iskljuce gas, nego da ti švabe puste / It’s better when the Russians turn off your gas than the Germans let you in.
An idiot is a person who would play Russian roulette with an automatic pistol.
Russian tractor / ruski traktor - something that never breaks. From joke: Sta prvo crkne na ruskom traktoru? – Vozac... / What is the first thing that breaks down in a Russian tractor? - Driver...
Russian car / rusko vozilo – a person who overspends something like a Russian car petrol: Trosis novac ko rusko vozilo! / you spend money like a Russian car.