Natural resources of the earth's crust presentation. Formation of the earth's crust on the territory of Russia. Information for thought

Geography of natural resources of the world

Tikhonova L.Ya. MBOU "Lyceum No. 3", Prokhladny, KBR

Purpose of the lesson:

Form the concept of "resource availability" of territories.

To uncover the main regularities in the distribution of natural resources.

Learn assess the security of the world and individual regions various types natural resources

We will learn:

Classification of natural resources and the concept of resource availability;
Land resources: two opposite processes;
Land water resources: problems of fresh water;
Resources of the World Ocean: the ocean is "sick".

What is what

Natural resources - these are the bodies and forces of nature, which, at a given level of technical and technological development, can be used to produce material goods.

The main property of natural resources is expendability (i.e. reserves have a certain value) and the possibility of withdrawal from the natural environment.

Origin:

Minerals (mineral resources);
Climate resources ;
Aquatic ;
Land (soil);
Biological ;

For exhaustibility:

Exhaustible:

Non-renewable ( minerals, non-ferrous metal ores, sulfur, etc.);
renewable (land, water, air, soil, hydropower);

Inexhaustible: energy of the sun, geothermal, wind, sea tides, currents.

By application:

For industry:

Fuel and energy;
Metallurgical;
Chemical and other raw materials.

For agriculture:

Land;
soil;
Agroclimatic.

For recreation and tourism:

Recreational resources.

Resource availability

Resource availability is the ratio between the amount of natural resources and the amount of their use. It is measured either by the number of years that a given resource should last, or by its per capita reserves.

The resource availability index is affected by:

Wealth or poverty of the territory in natural resources;
The scale of their extraction (consumption).

Russia, USA, China, India, Brazil, Australia - these states are provided with almost all natural resources.

Mineral resources. Are they enough?

Today at the feet of humanity

The entire periodic table is folded

Acad. A.E. Fersman

Features of all kinds mineral resources- their non-renewability, although their formation occurs continuously.

The distribution of minerals in the earth's crust is subject to geological (tectonic) patterns:

Fuel PI - are of sedimentary origin and accompany the cover of ancient platforms and their internal and marginal troughs;
Ore PI – accompany foundations and ledges (shields) of ancient platforms, as well as folded areas (Alpine-Himalayan, Pacific, tin-lead belt - in China, Vietnam).

Fuel and energy resources

Humanity is best provided with coal reserves . More known 3,6 thousand coal basins and deposits, most of which are located in the northern hemisphere.
From 600 explored oil and gas basins are being developed 450 in 95 countries of the world.

Russia is a leading gas power .

Production, million tons

Reserves, billion tons

Natural gas production, cubic meters m

Liquefied natural gas

Natural gas

Reserves, trillion. cube m

Production, billion cubic meters m

Coal

Reserves, billion tons

Production, million tons

Uranus. Production and reserves, t

World map of DPRs costing less than US$130/kg uranium to be mined (WUP 2005).

Iron ores, mining million tons; reserves, billion tons

Phosphorites, potassium and table salt, sulfur
Phosphorites and apatites are the raw materials from which phosphate fertilizers are produced.
Potash salts serve as feedstock for the production of potash fertilizers.
Sulfur and pyrite are used to produce sulfuric acid.

Deposits of precious stones are often secondary. Due to weathering processes of primary deposits gems, more stable, accumulate in loose sediments of rivers and the coastal strip of oceans and seas - from where they can be easily obtained by washing.

panning for gold

Gold nuggets

platinum

Territorial resources of the world

The largest countries in the world

by effective area

territory (million km 2 )

Brazil - 8.1
USA - 7.9
Australia - 7.7
China - 6.0

Russia - 5.5

The largest countries in the world by area (million km 2 )

Russia - 17.1

Canada - 10.0
China - 9.6
USA - 9.4
Brazil - 8.5

Effective territory- is the territory of the country suitable for economic development

Land resources: two opposite processes

Land resources – This universal view natural resources, necessary for almost all areas human activity . For industry, construction, transport, land serves as a territorial resource.
The earth is the source of life;
World Land Fund – the degree of provision with land resources. It is 13.1 billion hectares.

Land resources

Agricultural grounds

Inhabited

points, roads

unsuitable

and unfit

meadows and pastures

Using fig. 7 of the textbook (p. 32), write down in a notebook 5 countries in the structure of the land fund of which arable land prevails, 5 countries - pastures and 5 - unproductive lands.

The largest countries in the world

according to the area of arable land

Using fig. 7 of the textbook (p. 32), write down 5 countries - leaders in the provision of arable land per capita.

Change in the land fund

Two opposite processes

Extension

agricultural land

exhaustion

agricultural land

development of fallow lands
melioration
drainage
irrigation
development of coastal areas of the seas

soil erosion
waterlogging
salinization
desertification

Caution - danger : the land resources of the world are shrinking!

All countries of the world differ in the size of arable land, the degree of plowing of the territory and indicators of the availability of arable land per capita. In general, the world security has decreased by 2 times. On her 2 processes are involved:

Land expansion;
Deterioration, depletion, global changes in land resources : soil erosion, waterlogging, desertification.

Desert - geographic, flat or mountainous area devoid of vegetation.

The most significant deserts: in Asia-Gobi, in Africa - Sahara, Libyan, Kalahari, Arabian Central Asian.

Fresh water resources , constituting only 25% of the total volume of the hydrosphere differ in uneven geographical distribution over the land surface.

In the glaciers of Antarctica, Greenland, in the ice of the Arctic, in mountain glaciers there is an “emergency reserve”.
River (channel) water is 40 thousand km 3 .
Fresh water consumption is growing and exceeds 4 thousand km 3 per year. In economically developed countries, a city dweller uses 300-400 liters. per day.

Water resources of the world

Distribution of water in the hydrosphere

Fresh water accounts for about 2.5% of the total volume of the hydrosphere

The main consumers of fresh water

Agriculture;
Industry;
Power industry;
Utilities.

Water resources of the world

Distribution of water

resources by regions of the world (thousand km 3)

The largest countries in the world by reserves

fresh water (thousand km 3)

Using fig. 8 textbook (p. 31), write down 5 countries with maximum and 5 countries with minimum indicators of water resources per capita.

Drinking water has already become a strategic resource. This is explained by the lack of fresh water due to the uneven distribution of its reserves and increasing volumes of consumption, a sharp deterioration in the quality of surface water as a result of predatory attitudes.

1.5 million people are unable to drink clean water.

Every year 3 million people die from infections (typhus, cholera, dysentery) brought by dirty water.

Water resources of the world

The largest reservoirs in the world

P / P

Reservoir name

Victoria

A country

Brotherly

Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Water volume

(km 3 )

Zambia, Zimbabwe

Water resources of the world

Usage problems:

Pollution

Consumption growth

Irrational use

Fresh water shortage

Solution to the problem:

reduction of water consumption of production processes;
construction of reservoirs;
desalination of sea water.

Hydropower resources are the resources of water,

suitable for generating electricity .

Hydropower potential of world regions (%)

HYDROPOWER RESOURCES OF THE WORLD

Using the text of the textbook (p. 33), write down in your notebook 6 countries with the greatest hydropower potential.

Geothermal resources of the world

Geothermal resources are internal energy

Earth.

Pacific ring of fire

Name 5 - 7 countries with geothermal resources.

The main type of plant resources is forest - the largest, most complex and self-preserving ecosystems. They cover about 30% of the earth's surface (3866 million hectares).
The main characteristics of forest resources are the size of the forest area and the stock of standing timber. The area of remaining forests is important. More 80% such forests account for only 15 states A: RF, Canada, Brazil, USA, etc.

Forest resources of the world

Forest belts of the world

northern forest belt

Southern forest belt

Wet equatorial

and variable-moist forests

temperate forests

Using fig. 9 textbook (p. 31), write down 5 countries of the Northern and Southern forest belts.

Forest resources of the world

The largest countries in the world

by forest area

Forest cover by region of the world

Using fig. 9 textbook (p. 31), write out

5 largest countries in terms of per capita forest resource endowment.

Forest resources of the world

Usage problems:

Huge scale

deforestation

Lack of reforestation

works in Russia

and in developing countries.

Irrational use

forest resources

50% deforested

in developing countries

goes for wood

Reduction of forest area

The problem of deforestation of the planet!

Agro-climatic resources of the world

The main indicator is the sum of active temperatures.

Sum of active temperatures – the sum of average daily temperatures is above + 10 O C throughout the year.

cold belt

Law of geographic zoning :

the closer to the equator

the closer to the poles - the ...

Temperate zone

hot belt

Temperate zone

cold belt

Conclusion: the countries of the hot thermal zone have the best agro-climatic resources.

recreational

Energy

Biological

Sea water

mineral

Tidal energy

Wave energy

dissolved

substances

sea creatures

Current energy

vegetable

temperature

gradient

phosphorites

The main resource is sea water

Stocks – 1370 million km 3 or 96.5%;
For every inhabitant of the planet, there - 270 million m 3 of ocean water;
"living water" is 75 chemical element periodic tables;
1 km 3 water contains - 37 million tons of dissolved substances: salt - 20 million tons, sulfur - 6 million tons, a lot of soda, bromine, aluminum, calcium, sodium, copper, thorium, gold and silver.

Ocean floor mineral resources

On the continental shelf – oil and gas: 1/3 of the total world production. Gulf of Mexico - 57 operating wells; North Sea - 37; Persian Gulf - 21; Gulf of Guinea - 15.
deep ocean bed – ferromanganese nodules;
Treasures of sunken ships.

Energy resources of the ocean floor

Tidal power plants - the total power of the tides is 1-6 billion kWh, which exceeds the energy of all rivers the globe. Opportunities exist in 25-30 locations around the world to build these power plants. The largest resources of tidal energy are : Russia, France, Canada, UK, Australia, Argentina, USA .
wave power plants using the energy of sea currents.

Biological resources of the ocean floor

Biomass has 140 thousand species - These are animals (fish, mammals, mollusks, crustaceans) and plants that live in its waters.

The main part of the biomass is phytoplankton and zoobenthos.

Nekton - fish, mammals, squid, shrimps (over 1 billion tons).

Economic use of the waters of the oceans

The most productive water areas - these are northern latitudes: Norway, Denmark, Great Britain, Germany, USA (seas: Norwegian, Northern, Barents, Okhotsk, Japanese, northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans).
World production of fish and seafood = 110 million tons per year.

Ocean "Sick"

It annually receives 1 million tons of oil (from catastrophes of tankers and drilling platforms, oil spills from contaminated ships).
Industry waste : heavy metals, radioactive waste in containers, etc.
More than 10,000 Mediterranean tourist boats dump sewage into the sea before cleaning .

Recreational resources of the world

What's happened

recreational resources?

Recreational resources -

these are resources for human recreation.

Recreational resources

Natural

Historical and cultural

landscape

Give examples of recreational areas and centers of various types.

Recreational resources

Leisure tourism basis . These are both natural and anthropogenic objects and phenomena that can be used for recreation, tourism and health restoration.

Recreational resources are divided into 4 main types:

Recreational and medical (for example, treatment with mineral waters);
Recreational (bathing and beach areas);
Recreational sports (ski resorts);
Recreational and educational (historical monuments).

To the natural recreational resources relate sea coasts, banks of rivers, lakes, mountains, forests, mineral water outlets, therapeutic mud. Main forms: green zones of cities, nature reserves and sanctuaries, national parks.
Recreational resources include cultural and historical sights: The Moscow Kremlin, the Roman Colosseum, the Athenian Acropolis, the Taj Mahal tomb in Agra (India), etc.

International tourism is especially developed in Italy, Spain, Turkey, Switzerland, India, Egypt and other countries of the world.

Lesson Objectives: Lesson Objectives:
Build knowledge about species
natural resources of the earth's crust.
Reveal Features
origin of rocks.
Generate View
about the patterns of placement of useful
fossil

Checking homework:

1. What types of the earth's crust do you know?
What is their structure?
2. What is the platform and how is it
formed?
3. What movements occur on
moving parts of the earth's crust?
4. Show on the map the largest
platforms and mountain systems.
5. Talk about patterns
placement of the main landforms.

Learning new material:

Using the text of § 10 and figure 26 of the textbook,
answer the questions:
1. What groups are the rocks that make up
the earth's crust, according to the method of formation?
2. How are igneous rocks formed?
3. What igneous rocks do you know?
Name their main properties.
4. What groups are sedimentary rocks divided into?
5. How are metamorphic rocks formed?
breed?
6. Name the rocks that
formed as a result of metamorphism.

The earth's crust has huge
natural resources
including land and
mineral resources.
Land resources are
to the category of renewable resources.
Land resources are
areas suitable for
resettlement of people and their accommodation
economic activity.
Mineral resources, or
minerals are
to the category of irreplaceable
resources (ore, fuel).

In the placement of minerals
territories of the globe
certain
patterns

Conclusions:

1) in the mountains of folded areas are usually found
deposits of ore minerals;
2) ore deposits on platforms
confined to the lower tier - folded
foundation, so they focus on shields
or in those parts of the plates where the thickness of the sedimentary
the cover is small and the foundation comes close
to the surface;
3) the most characteristic for platforms
fossils of sedimentary origin
concentrated in the sedimentary cover. lead role
fuel resources play among them: coal, oil,
gas.

Homework:

Homework:
1) study § 10;
2) answer questions and do
tasks after the paragraph.

Remember

What minerals do you know?

There are fuel minerals - peat, coal, oil (sedimentary origin).

Ore minerals - ores of non-ferrous and ferrous metals (magmatic and metamorphic origin).

Non-metallic minerals - mining and chemical raw materials, Construction Materials, mineral water, therapeutic mud.

This I know

1. What is land resources? Mineral resources?

Land resources - a territory suitable for the resettlement of people and the placement of objects of their economic activity.

Mineral resources - natural substances of the earth's crust, suitable for obtaining energy, raw materials and materials.

2. What is the importance of mineral resources in human life?

Mineral resources are the basis of modern economy. From them receive fuel, chemical raw materials, metals. The welfare of the country most often depends on the quantity and quality of mineral resources.

3. What is the reason for the placement of minerals?

The placement of minerals is determined by their origin.

4. What patterns can be established in the placement of minerals?

Deposits of ores of ferrous and nonferrous metals, gold, and diamonds are confined to outcrops of the crystalline basement of ancient platforms. Oil, coal, and natural gas deposits are confined to thick sedimentary covers of platforms, foothill troughs, and shelf zones. Non-ferrous metal ores are also found in folded areas.

5. Where are the main oil and gas fields located?

The main oil and gas bearing areas are concentrated in the shelf zones - the North Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea; sedimentary covers of platforms - Western Siberia; foothill troughs - the Andes and the Ural Mountains.

7. Choose the correct answer. Minerals of sedimentary origin are confined mainly to: a) platform shields; b) to platform plates; c) to folded areas of ancient age.

B) to platform plates

This I can

8. Using the scheme "Formation of rocks" (see Fig. 24), explain what transformations occur with rocks as a result of the circulation of substances.

As a result of the circulation of substances, there is a transformation of some minerals into others. Igneous rocks can be considered primary. They were formed from magma erupted onto the surface. Under the influence of various factors, igneous rocks are destroyed. Debris particles are transported and deposited elsewhere. This is how sedimentary rocks are formed. In folded areas, rocks are crushed into folds. At the same time, some of them are immersed in depth. Under the influence of high temperatures and pressure, they are melted down and turn into metamorphic rocks. After the destruction of metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks are formed again.

It's interesting to me

9. It is believed that in the Stone Age almost the only mineral was flint, from which arrowheads, axes, spears, and axes were made. How do you think people's ideas about the diversity of minerals have changed over time?

People's ideas about the diversity of minerals have changed very quickly since the Stone Age. After flint, people very quickly found copper. The copper age has arrived. However, the copper products for use were fragile and soft. A little more time passed, and people got acquainted with a new metal - tin. Tin is a very brittle metal. We can assume that it happened that the pieces of copper and pieces of tin fell into the fire or bonfire, where they melted and mixed. The result is an alloy that combines the best qualities of both tin and copper. This is how bronze was found. Period bronze age- this is the time from the end of the fourth to the beginning of the first millennium BC.

As we all know, iron in its pure form is not found on Earth - it must be mined from ore. To do this, the ore must be heated to a very high temperature, and only after that iron can be smelted from it.

The fact that centuries were named after minerals speaks of their great importance. The use of ever new minerals opens up new opportunities for man and can radically change the entire economy.

A lot of time has passed since then and now people use a huge amount of mineral resources for various purposes. Exploration and production of mineral resources actual task for the economy at all times.

10. Well-known domestic geologist E.A. Fersman wrote: "I want to extract raw, at first glance, unsightly material from the bowels of the Earth ... and make it accessible to human contemplation and understanding." Expand the meaning of these words.

Mineral resources, when extracted from them from the earth's crust, most often look far from the appearance of the product that is obtained from it. They really are ugly stuff. But with the right approach, processing of this material, you can extract a lot of value for a person. Fersman spoke about the value of the bowels of the Earth, about the need to study them and a reasonable approach to this.

The territory of Russia was formed gradually, in different geological epochs. To understand the differences in modern relief, one must know the geological and tectonic history of its formation. In the lesson, you will get acquainted with the features of the structure of the earth's crust in Russia. Learn what tectonic structures are and how they are related to various landforms.

Topic: Geological structure, relief and minerals

Lesson: Formation of the earth's crust in Russia

Earth's crust There are two types: oceanic and continental (mainland). (see fig. 1)

Rice. 1. The structure of the earth's crust ()

The layers of the earth's crust differ from each other in structure, composition, thickness, and origin. The formation of the earth's crust depends on the internal forces of the Earth, which are studied by science tectonics (tectonist - from the Greek. "pertaining to construction".

In order to find out what tectonic structures are located within our country, you can use map of the structure of the earth's crust, or tectonic. (see fig 2)

Rice. 2. Map "The structure of the earth's crust" (tectonic) ()

To understand the regularity of the location of mountains and plains, that is, landforms, on, it is necessary to know not only geological history, but also to understand how these landforms are located in relation to large formations of the earth's crust - lithospheric plates.

Most of the territory of our country is located within the Eurasian lithospheric plate - one of the largest lithospheric plates on our planet. (see fig. 3)

Rice. 3. Eurasian (Eurasian) lithospheric plate

Within the Eurasian lithospheric plate in its central part are the East European and West Siberian plains. Closer to the eastern margin of this plate is the Central Siberian Plateau. (see fig.4)

Rice. 4. Plains located within the Eurasian lithospheric plate

In the south-west of Russia, the African-Arabian lithospheric plate contacts the Eurasian lithospheric plate, or rather, part of it - the Anataliy plate. In relief, this is expressed by the mountains of the Caucasus. (see fig. 5)

Rice. 5. Caucasus Mountains ()

In the east and southeast, the Eurasian lithospheric plate borders on the North American, Amur and Okhotsk lithospheric plates. These three lithospheric plates separate the Eurasian lithospheric plate from the Pacific, with which they interact. (see fig.6)

Rice. 6. Boundaries between lithospheric plates in the east and southeast

This part of the territory falls into the planetary compression zone and corresponds to the eastern mountainous outskirts of our country. Along the stretch of mountain ranges, such as Dzhugdzhur, Suntar-Khayata, the Sredinny Ridge of Kamchatka, as well as along the strike of Sakhalin Island, one can see the boundaries of lithospheric plates, for example, the Sea of Okhotsk.

The modern position of lithospheric plates, their boundaries, outline, dimensions have changed over many years, throughout geological history. At this time, sections of the earth's crust also changed, for example: the oceanic earth's crust expanded due to the rise of mantle matter in areas among ocean ridges (see fig.7), sediments accumulated in shallow seas.

Rice. 7. Rise of the mantle substance ()

And if such areas fell into the zone of displacement of lithospheric plates, then they rose, crumpled into folds, and mountains, for example, the Caucasus, formed instead of shallow seas. (see fig.8)

Rice. 8. Collision of lithospheric plates and the formation of mountain ranges ()

Rising, the mountains are gradually destroyed due to the impact of biological processes on them. Over time, the rate of uplift of mountains may slow down, and the rate of destruction, on the contrary, increase. As a result, a relatively low territory is formed (a section of the destroyed external forces mountainous country), composed of rocks that can no longer be crumpled into folds.

Further development of this section of the earth's crust follows one of the paths. The first way: faults and cracks form in the earth's crust, along which blocks begin to move up or down against the background of a general uplift of the territory. As a result, folded and blocky mountains are formed. These mountains include the mountains of the Urals. (see fig. 9)

Rice. 9. Section of fold-block mountains ()

In the second case, intensive block movements are not observed, the territory is flooded by the sea, strata of sedimentary rocks accumulate and a flat, leveled territory is formed in place of the sea, for example, the West Siberian Plain.

In intensity and character tectonic movements distinguish relatively stable and relatively mobile parts of the earth's crust. The first are called platforms, other - folded belts(or areas of folding). (see fig. 10)

Rice. 10. Main tectonic structures

Within the fold belts, the internal activity of the earth is more clearly manifested. The amplitude of vertical movements can reach ten or more kilometers, the rate of uplift and lowering from a few millimeters to several centimeters per year. The process is accompanied by the formation of folds and faults in the earth's crust, volcanism and earthquakes. In relief, folded areas correspond to mountains.

The platform has a structure: the base is a folded foundation, consisting of ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks, and the upper tier is a cover of sedimentary rocks lying horizontally. On the platform stand out - Shields and plates. Shields- these are areas where ancient crystalline rocks of the platform basement come to the surface (there is practically no sedimentary cover). Plate- platform section with a two-tiered structure. As a rule, in the relief of the platform correspond to the plains.

Rice. 11. The structure of the platform ()

In general, the development of the earth's crust proceeded according to the following scheme: mobile sections of the earth's crust became inactive, that is, platform areas formed in place of folded belts. The expansion of platform areas and folded belts proceeded in separate shocks. The history of the formation of the earth's crust is divided into a number of segments, which are called epochs of folding. Each of these epochs lasted about 150 million years. (see fig.12)

Rice. 12. Epochs of folding

Like folded belts, platforms also have different age. It is determined by the age of their foundation. Young and ancient platforms stand out .(see fig.13)

Rice. 13. Types of platforms

We can find out the location of platforms and folded areas from the tectonic map of Russia. The color background shows certain tectonic structures corresponding to one or another of our country. For example, the northeast of our country is shown in green, which corresponds to the Mesozoic epoch of folding. (see fig. 14)

Rice. 14. Tectonic map of Russia

The relief of the territory, as well as the presence of minerals, depends on the structure of the earth's crust.

The main tectonic structures are relatively mobile (folded belts) and relatively stable sections of the earth's crust (platforms).

Folded areas gradually turn into platforms.

In the geological history of the Earth, several epochs of folding, or mountain building, are distinguished.

The placement of tectonic structures is shown on tectonic maps.

Homework

What landforms correspond to ancient platforms?
What landforms correspond to folded areas?
Give examples of ancient platforms and young mountains in Russia.

Geography of Russia. Nature. Population. 1 hour Grade 8 / auth. V.P. Dronov, I.I. Barinova, V.Ya Rom, A.A. Lobzhanidze
Geography of Russia. population and economy. Grade 9 / author V.P. Dronov, V.Ya. Rum
Geography of Russia. Nature. Population. Textbook Grade 8 V.B. Pyatunin, E.A. customs
Atlas. Geography of Russia. Population and economy / publishing house "Drofa" 2012
TMC (educational kit) "SPHERES". Textbook "Russia: nature, population, economy. Grade 8 "author. V.P. Dronov, L.E. Savelyeva. Atlas.

Other tutorials on this topic

The structure of the earth's crust and the relief of Russia ().

Find out more on the topic

Plate tectonics ().
Lithosphere and lithospheric plates ().
Features of the geological structure of Russia: the main tectonic structures ().

for the geography lesson

in 7-8 class-set

geography teacher

Marcin Lilia Vasilievna

slide 2

Nature is the arena of work and rest. It is a treasury of wealth, a supplier of raw materials and energy, and therefore one of the foundations of the economy ... we use natural resources and conditions, protect and transform them.

Yu.K. Efremov

slide 3

Types of natural resources

Land.

Climatic.

Biological.

Recreational.

Mineral (fossils).

slide 4

Natural resources are components of nature that are used or can be used in human economic activity.

slide 5

Divide natural resources into groups

slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Data on total resources and reserves fresh water Russia

Slide 9

Slide 10

slide 11

Information for thought

Biological resources are constantly restored if the conditions necessary for this are maintained, and the rate of use does not exceed the rate of natural revival (animals - several years; forests - 60-80 years; soils that have lost fertility - several millennia).

Exceeding the rate of expenditure over the rate of reproduction leads to the depletion or complete disappearance of the resource

slide 12

Russia is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources.

The Russian Federation has a huge and diverse in terms of species composition (more than 200 species) natural resource potential. In terms of the volume and variety of Russia's natural resources, there are practically no equals in the world.

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Slide 14

Basic requirements for the rational use and protection of subsoil

Compliance with the procedure established by law for granting subsoil for use and preventing unauthorized use of subsoil.

Ensuring the completeness of the geological study, rational integrated use and protection of subsoil.

Carrying out advanced geological study of the subsoil, providing a reliable assessment of mineral reserves.

Carrying out state ecological expertise and state accounting of mineral reserves.

Ensuring the most complete extraction from the subsoil of the reserves of the main and jointly occurring minerals and associated components in the development of mineral deposits

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Reliable accounting of mineral reserves extracted and left in the subsoil. Protection of mineral deposits from flooding, flooding, fires and other factors that reduce the quality of minerals and the industrial value of deposits.

Prevention of subsoil pollution during work related to the use of fuel and lubricants, burial harmful substances and production waste.

Prevention of unauthorized development of mineral deposits.

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