The main centers of recreation and tourism of Donbass. Recreational resources of the Donetsk region. "Recreational economy of Ukraine"

DONETSK NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION

"Recreational economy of Ukraine"

Completed by Grigorenko E.S.

Checked by Vishnevskaya E.N.

Introduction

1. General characteristics of recreational resources

2. Recreational legislation of Ukraine

3. Provision of regions of Ukraine with recreational resources

4. Main recreational regions of Ukraine

4.2. Recreational resources Azov region

4.4 Recreational resources of Donetsk region

The last years of development of the economy of Ukraine are characterized by the development of the sphere of recreation, increasing its importance. Every year, millions of people travel around Ukraine to improve their health and to get acquainted with historical and cultural monuments. That is why the priority task for the state is to support the recreational sector, its expansion and development.

The purpose of this work is to study the recreational potential of Ukraine, its natural-geographical and historical-cultural resources.

In the first section, given general characteristics recreational resources: natural and recreational areas, recreational social resources.

The second section is devoted to the legislative aspects of recreational activities in Ukraine.

The third section analyzes the provision of various regions of Ukraine with recreational resources.

In the fourth section, more detailed description main recreational areas of Ukraine.

Recreational in the scientific literature is usually called public relations to meet the needs of citizens in recreation, restoration of social and spiritual forces, the use of natural and other resources for this.

Recreational resources are a set of natural and climatic, domestic, cultural, health, educational, historical and other resources that are used or can be used to provide recreational services in the process of recreational activities.

Recreational resources can be divided into two groups:

1. Natural recreational areas and resources (recreational, resort, health-improving areas, other natural areas, objects, complexes, the use of which is possible for recreational purposes);

2. Recreational social and household resources (buildings, structures, architectural and building complexes, other social and cultural facilities used for recreational purposes).

Natural recreational areas are part of the environment natural environment, designed for mass recreation of the population, to restore vitality and health of people.

These include: recreational, resort, health-improving zones; lands of recreational, historical, cultural and partially environmental purposes; separate plots of forest and water fund lands; other recreational territories, complexes suitable for use for recreation purposes.

Natural recreational resources are natural resort, medical, health-improving resources and factors suitable for use in order to restore and improve people's health.

Natural healing resources include deposits of minerals of mineral and organic origin, which have a therapeutic effect on the human body and are suitable for industrial development (mineral waters, therapeutic mud).

Natural healing resources include natural formations that form special landscape and microclimatic conditions in the region and have a healing effect on the human body (parks, beaches, forest parks, forest and mountain ranges).

Natural health benefits include natural phenomena, present and occurring in a particular area in the most optimal concentrations and combinations for the human body - the duration and intensity of solar radiation, air humidity, ambient temperature.

Currently, the relevance of legal studies of recreational relations is due to their importance for the improvement of the population, the need to preserve and rational use natural resources. Recreational legislation is currently in a state of development and is represented by many regulations.

The legal regime of natural recreational areas is characterized by:

availability of general and special legal regulation of their use and protection;

focus on ensuring a special goal - the restoration of vitality and human health;

prohibition of economic and other activities that adversely affect the natural environment, any changes in the natural landscape;

prohibition of any actions that violate public recreational interests when using them;

establishment of a special procedure for their creation, restriction of the right to use them;

the nationwide nature of their ownership;

establishing additional obligations to use them;

the mixed nature of their legal regime.

The Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Environment" defines the concept of a recreational zone.

Recreational zone - these are areas of land or water space intended for organized mass recreation and tourism.

The creation of recreational zones on forest fund plots is regulated by the norms of forest legislation (Forest Code of Ukraine, Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated July 21, 1995 "On approval of the procedure for dividing forests into groups, classifying them as protected and allocating especially protective lands of forest fund plots", etc.) .

According to Art. 3 of the Forest Code of Ukraine, the recreational function of the forest is recognized as predominant, and recreational forest management is considered as a prerequisite for restoring human strength and health, and increasing the labor potential of society.

Features of the mode of recreational use of resources (including forest management) are reflected in the Law of Ukraine "On the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine", in particular for the zones of regulated and stationary recreation of national natural and regional landscape parks, exposition zones of botanical gardens, dendrological parks, recreational zones of zoological parks (articles 21-38 of the said law).

Thus, the zone of regulated recreation can be used for short-term recreation and rehabilitation of the population, viewing especially picturesque and memorable places, arrangement and equipment of tourist routes and ecological trails; zone of stationary recreation - for accommodation of hotels, motels, campsites, other facilities for servicing visitors to the park, except for the implementation of any activity that may lead to a deterioration in the state of the environment and a decrease in recreational value.

When using individual recreational areas, permissible boundaries of the recreational load are developed. Permissible recreational load in the scientific literature is considered to be the maximum capacity of the territory to ensure normal conditions for recreation without violating the restorative properties of natural complexes. These boundaries are determined by the norms of recreational load in relation to functional zones (forest, forest park, park), or depending on the size of the city. According to functional characteristics for forest areas, standards are set from 1 to 10 people per hectare; for forest parks - from 8 to 20 people; for parks - from 20 to 150.

In addition to establishing the maximum size of the recreational load, it is of interest to limit, which is provided for the use of natural resources within the territories and objects of the natural reserve fund of national importance. At the same time, the establishment of limits on the use of natural resources for recreational, educational and educational purposes provides for the determination of the boundaries of territories and the number of recreants, taking into account the degree of recreational load on these territories. The limit for this type of use of natural resources can be short-term - up to 1 year, and long-term - from 1 to 10 years, depending on the category of the territory or object, the established regime for its protection, use and violation of its natural complexes. As a result of all of the above, we can conclude that recreational law is a set of rules governing recreational relations in order to ensure the effective functioning of the recreational economy, the rational use and protection of the recreational fund, the realization of citizens' rights to rest, and restore basic vitality. Recreational law is a sub-branch of economic and environmental law, because the legal instruments of these industries are the basic ones for its formation. Also in the formation of recreational law, a significant role belongs to scientific research. In this sense, recreational law is a set of theories, scientific approaches, and knowledge about recreational relations.

In the last 10 years, the issues of recreation and its legal regulation have been raised repeatedly, the need for their special regulation has been recognized, but have not been resolved. Separate regulations, which solved individual issues in this area, but not the problem. As a result, a large database of regulatory documents has been accumulated, which needs to be systematized and generalized.

The main stages of systematization of recreational legislation are:

adoption of the concept of formation of legal regulation of recreational activities;

adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the Recreational Fund of Ukraine";

introduction of amendments and additions to other normative acts of the current legislation;

development of legal regulation of the implementation of recreational activities in certain territories.

General provisions recreational legislation

Constitution of Ukraine;

Law of Ukraine "On Property";

Law of Ukraine "On the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine";

Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Protection";

Law of Ukraine "On patenting certain types of entrepreneurial activity";

Decree of the CMU "On standardization and certification";

Forest Code of Ukraine;

Water Code of Ukraine;

Land Code of Ukraine;

Law of Ukraine "On the Animal World";

Law of Ukraine "On Ecological Expertise".

Provision of natural tourism and recreational potential is an important part of the development of tourism in the region. In this regard, the state of the ecology of the territory is of particular relevance. The polluted environment limits the development of tourism, even if the territory has a high tourist and recreational potential. Therefore, the study of territorial differences in the influence of natural tourism potential on the development of tourism in the region seems relevant.

A.A. Beidik, A.P. Golikov, O.A. Lyubitseva, Ya.B. Oleinik, V.P. Rudenko, P.G., Shishchenko and others. However, the problem of characterizing and assessing the impact of natural tourism and recreational potential on the development of tourism is still in the field scientific research.

There are different approaches to assessing the natural and recreational potential. For example, V.P. Rudenko determined the potential of natural recreational areas of Ukraine through the monetary value of free time.

The cost of free time was measured by the value of the gross social product created by all workers per unit of time and calculated on the number of the entire population of the region that uses recreational resources. Then, the normative need of the population in recreational facilities, places of sanatorium treatment, long and short-term rest and tourism in man-hours was calculated, which was adjusted taking into account the urban and rural population of certain areas in accordance with the existing practice of planning places for recreation and treatment

According to V.P. Rudenko, in total terms, the natural and recreational potential is 9.6% of the integral natural resource potential of the country. In its structure, a significant share belongs to recreation and tourism (75%), and sanatorium-and-spa treatment accounts for 25%. The development of natural tourism and recreational potential varies by regions of Ukraine (see Table 1).

The maximum share of natural and recreational potential in the total natural resource potential (NRP) is in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (1.76%), and the minimum is in the Ternopil (0.11%) and Rivne (0.12%) regions.

Table 1. Natural and recreational potential of Ukraine

According to A.A. Beydik, all regions of Ukraine can be divided into 5 groups according to the rating of resource and recreational potential (see Table 2). Integral assessment the natural block of the recreational and tourist potential of the regions of Ukraine was determined as the sum of the components of the scores for assessing speleological, orographic, climatic, hydrological resources, flora and fauna resources.

Table 2. Integral assessment of natural recreational and tourist resources of Ukraine

Thus, we can note some differences in the assessment of natural and recreational potential according to V.P. Rudenko and A.A. Beydik due to different methods and completeness of accounting for the constituent components. However, the study of the country's natural potential shows that there are significant opportunities in each region to develop tourism activities in them.

The regions of Ukraine are not equally provided with natural tourist and recreational potential. However, in order to develop tourism activities and attract tourists to the regions, it is necessary to make maximum use of the natural and recreational resources available there. To do this, it is necessary to single out the most attractive natural objects for tourists, natural and recreational areas and develop the appropriate infrastructure.

4.1 Recreational resources of the Crimean Peninsula

The recreational economy of the Crimea relies on a powerful resource base. The recreational resources of Crimea include: beaches (the length is 517 km), mineral waters (debit - 30 thousand m3 / day); therapeutic mud (reserves - 24 million m3); sea, sea and forest air, climate; landscapes (relief, vegetation, etc.).

Recreational enterprises are distributed unevenly across the territory of Crimea. They are most concentrated on the southern and southeastern coast of Crimea - 51% of all places of health resorts of the republic are located here, 39% - on the western coast, 8% - on the eastern coast, and less than 3% - in the deep territories. The least developed in terms of recreation is the Eastern coast and the territory of the Arabat Spit, the coast of the Kazantip Bay, is completely undeveloped. Approximately 97% of health resorts are concentrated on a narrow three-kilometer coastal strip of the sea - these are the most comfortable health resorts. In the deep territories (mountain and foothills) there are small, less comfortable health resorts: these are mainly children's camps, tourist bases located on tourist routes. The deep territories of the republic have all the necessary conditions for recreational development, these are: - picturesque landscapes of the valleys of the mountainous and foothill Crimea;

Availability of mineral water sources;

Sufficient infrastructural development (transport, communications);

Availability of free land and convenient sites for the construction of buildings with lower costs.

The recreational complex of the Crimea is mainly represented by enterprises specializing in treatment - health resorts, sanatoriums. In Crimea, there are about 800 recreational enterprises (health resorts) with a capacity of more than 200 thousand seats, 40% of them are year-round operation.

The share of health resorts (rest houses, boarding houses, recreation centers, etc.) accounts for 72% of all places in the recreational network. The territorial structure of the network of health resorts is formed by the Southern and South-Eastern coast of Crimea (64%), Western (33%), East coast Crimea (about 1%), deep territories (about 2%). The share of preventive treatment (sanatoriums) accounts for 28% of places. Sanatoriums are concentrated mainly on the southern coast of Crimea and in Evpatoria (the resort of Evpatoria specializes in the treatment of children - the share of children's places is 73%).

Tourism occupies a special place in the recreational economy of the Crimea. Crimea has unusually great opportunities for the development of the most diverse different types tourism. These are extraordinarily beautiful landscapes, as well as the opportunity for everyone to choose a route according to their strength - from the easiest (non-categorical) to overcoming the most difficult ("alpine" rock walls). The mild climate allows tourism in the Crimea all year round. At the same time, the abundance of snow in the mountainous areas contributes to the emergence of purely winter types of tourism unusual for Crimea - skiing and mountain skiing. Particularly attractive to tourists are landscape resources, which are exceptionally rich in the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains. These are magnificent panoramas: gorges, waterfalls, bizarre forms created by weathering. A significant part of tourists, especially older ones, are interested in the landscapes of the Crimean foothills, created by the soft relief of the Inner and Outer ridges of the Crimean mountains. Of course, the historical monuments of Crimea are very important for the development of educational tourism. These are the ancient cities of Chersonesus and Panticapaeum, the "cave" cities of Chufug-Kale, Mangup, Eskn-Kermen, fortified points of the Genoese possessions: Soldaya (Sudak), Kafa (Feodosia), Chembalo (Balaklava) and many others. The combination of mountains and the sea allows a significant part of the tourist routes to end with a long vacation on the seashore.

The development of tourism in the Crimea is also facilitated by a well-developed transport infrastructure, which makes it possible to get to the beginning of the route by bus, trolleybus, suburban train in the shortest possible time. However, the quantity Vehicle not always enough, especially during the peak season.

Problems of development and functioning of the recreational complex of Crimea

1. Despite the obvious socio-economic advantage of the recreational economy, in the economic structure of the republic it occupies only the fifth place in terms of the number of people employed in it after industry, Agriculture, construction industry, transport.

2. It should also be noted that the discord in the economy of the whole country has led to the emergence of social inequalities in the accessibility of traditional generally recognized seaside resorts. Thus, recreation in the resorts of the southern coast of Crimea has become "elitist", accessible only to a small part of the financially well-to-do population. As a result of a sharp rise in prices for sanitary-resort vouchers, the occupancy rate of recreational enterprises is 10-60% even during the "peak" season. The factors of seasonality and unorganized recreation have intensified, which makes the recreational industry unprofitable and leads to the closure of these enterprises.

3. The growth of spontaneous and unorganized recreation, in turn, leads to a redistribution of recreants along the coast of the warm seas of the country, leads to the spontaneous development of the Azov coast of Crimea, which contributes to a sharp aggravation environmental situation in this region.

Therefore, in modern conditions it is necessary to develop and create tourist bases and recreation centers, taking into account the above factors, namely the low solvency of the population and environmental conditions.

In the long term, it is necessary to radically restructure the investment policy in Crimea in the direction of creating such an economic structure of the republic that would ensure the priority development of the recreational function. The territorial form of organization of the Crimean economy should be a recreational complex with a set of industries that meet the requirements of the market and bring it closer to the standards of international recreational corporations.

4.2 Recreational resources of the Azov region

Primorsky district of the Azov coast of Donetsk and Zaporozhye regions has a length of 350 km.

The recreational potential of the Donetsk Sea of Azov meets the highest international standards.

More than 60 archeological monuments have been preserved here, from the early Paleolithic to the beginning of the 20th century, fragments of traditional culture and buildings of Ukrainians, Greeks, Don Cossacks, and most importantly, corners of unique virgin nature.

Directly on the coast are 20 settlements with a total population of about 600,000 people. The actual capacity of organizations located here with long-term rest is 55,000 places, of which 42,000 are in boarding houses and 13,000 in children's camps.

The coastal strip of the Sea of Azov in the area of the Donetsk region has a length of 112 km. Recreational resources: mild climate, therapeutic mud and mineral waters, sandy beaches, natural complexes of the Belosarayskaya Spit and Krivoy Spit.

Mariupol, Novoazovsk, the village of Yalta, the villages of Melekino and Urzuf are categorized as resort settlements by a government decree. Only within the Donetsk region in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov there are more than 250 recreation and health facilities: over 200 in Pershotravnevy district and about 50 in Novoazovsky. Even in the current crisis situation, more than 200 thousand people rest in them every year.

The village of Yalta is typical example recreational development of the coastal territory on the Azov coast. Currently, within the boundaries of the Yalta zone, there are 122 recreation facilities, including 10 seasonal children's health camps in the village. Yuryevka and 112 recreation facilities for adults and families with children. All of them are adapted mainly for summer holidays. The acute problems of this region are the provision of the population and vacationers with drinking water, the lack of a centralized sewerage network, and treatment facilities. Wastewater. Transport services and means of communication are very limited. There are practically no institutions for the entertainment of vacationers. Due to the decrease in the level of recreational activities, the number of vacationers is declining.

Adapting the existing tourist resources of the Yalta recreational zone to the needs of the future implies four main aspects. This is the adaptation of natural resources and recreation facilities, the organization of a developed service network, the development of engineering infrastructure. The strategy of sustainable development of tourism minimizes the negative processes affecting the environment. At the same time, the main principles of nature management are the implementation of environmental standards and norms, the preservation of the integrity of natural complexes, the harmony of recreational, environmental, economic and social interests.

On the coast of the Sea of Azov, within the administrative boundaries of the Donetsk region, a regional landscape park "Meotida" was created (June 2000), in the structure of the administration of which the departments of "recreation and promotion of environmental knowledge" and "science, conservation and restoration of biological and landscape diversity" were formed.

RLP "Meotida" was organized during a period of sharp deterioration in the conditions of traditional summer (long) rest for all age categories of the population, which is due to the transition to the "near abroad" resort areas of the Baltic States, the Caucasus, Russian Federation, the collapse of the preferential system of trade union and departmental health resorts. At the same time, it is quite obvious that, taking into account the economic prospects, visiting the "far abroad" for a long time will remain the property of only the financially elite strata of society.

4.3 Recreational resources of Transcarpathia

The border position in combination with the recreational potential contributes to the transformation of the region into a resort and tourist complex.

Tourists are attracted to Transcarpathia by the beauty of landscapes, mineral springs and thermal waters, a developed network of sanatoriums and tourist centers, as well as the original culture of ethnographic groups of Hutsuls, Boikos, and Lemkos. Military fortifications, monuments of wooden architecture (churches, residential buildings, mills), architectural monuments in the Baroque and Gothic styles have been preserved here. Fans of outdoor activities have a wide choice: climbing Hoverla, hiking, bus, combined routes, horseback or cycling, rafting on the Tisza (rafting), hunting tours, and alpine skiing in winter.

The city of Mukachevo is located on the banks of the Latoritsa River, at the junction of the spurs of the Volcanic Carpathians and the Transcarpathian lowland, 42 km southeast of regional center. The first mention of it refers to 1196. Mukachevo was the first of the Transcarpathian settlements to receive the right of a city, as evidenced by a charter (1376) of the Queen of Hungary and Poland, Elizabeth Anjou. The charter gave the city the right to use a seal with the image of St. Martin for fastening documents.

Architectural monuments have been preserved here, including: the castle "Palanok" (13-17 centuries), which was repeatedly rebuilt, the Gothic chapel of St. Martin (14 century), the residence of the Transylvanian princes (the so-called "White House", 17-18 centuries .), an arsenal (17th century), the ensemble of the Nikolsky Monastery (18-19th centuries), the town hall of the early 20th century. Of the city's monuments, it should be noted a monument to a native of the city, Mihaly Munkácsy (1844-1900), one of the leaders of romanticism in Hungarian painting. Two museums named after him have been created in Mukachevo: the Art Museum children's creativity and a memorial museum. The city also has local history museum, historical museum of Mukachevo garrison. In the park area of Mukachevo there is a sports and recreation complex "Latoritsa" with a hydropathic facility based on local chloride calcium-sodium mineral water.

Sinyak is a balneological resort 20 km northeast of Mukachevo, in the foothills of the Volcanic Range at an altitude of 420 m, surrounded by mixed forests. The main therapeutic factor is sulfide sulfate calcium mineral water with a hydrogen sulfide content of 50 g/l. Oxidizing in the water of the source, hydrogen sulfide gives it a bluish tint, hence the name of the resort. Water is used for baths. Indications for staying in the sanatorium "Sinyak" are diseases of the cardiovascular and peripheral nervous systems, musculoskeletal system.

Vinogradov is a city on the right bank of the Tisza, 108 km southeast of Uzhgorod, at the foot of the Black Mountain. Until 1946 it was called Sevlyush. The city was founded in the 9th century and was the first in the region to receive the privileges of a royal city. Among the architectural monuments: the ruins of the Kankiv castle, the palace of Baron Pereni (15th century), the church (16th century), the church of the Franciscans (17-18th centuries).

Khust is a city at the foot of the Carpathians, at the confluence of the Riki with the Tisza. The city has been known since the 10th century, the remains of the castle of the 14th century, the Elizabethan Church of the 14th century have been preserved here. In Khust there is a sports and recreation complex "Narcissus". The health-improving cycle is built on the basis of Shayan mineral water and medicinal herbs. Not far from Khust there is a natural monument - the "Daffodil Valley", where the largest population of narrow-leaved narcissus in Central Europe is protected. It has existed since the post-glacial period, has a relict character. You can admire the beauty of pale white flowers in the first half of May, at the time of mass flowering.

The Svaliava group of resorts includes the balneological resorts "Kvitka Poloniny", "Polyana", "Sunny Transcarpathia", the resort area Ploske, which are located between the Volcanic and Poloninsky ridges at an altitude of 280-340 m, near the city of Svalyava. Mineral waters are the main healing factor. They belong to carbonic bicarbonate sodium waters and are used for drinking and bathing. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract, pancreas, and diabetes are treated here.

The resort "Kvitka Poloniny" is located in the village of Golubinoye, 7 km north of Svalyava, on the banks of the Piniya River. The mineral water of the Luzhansky spring is used here. The resort "Sunny Transcarpathia" was created near the village of Polyana, 11 km north of Svalyava (using the mineral water of the Polyana Kvasova spring). The resort "Polyana" is located in the picturesque valley of the Piniya River, 10 km north of Svalyava (uses the mineral water of the Polyana Kupel spring).

The Carpathian Biosphere Reserve is located at the junction of the Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. It was created in 1968 to protect mountain landscapes. Its total area is 57.9 thousand hectares. The reserve includes six isolated massifs at altitudes from 180 to 2061 m: Chernogorsky, Svidovetsky, Marmorozhsky, Kuziysky, Ugolsko-Shyrokoluzhansky, Narcissus Valley. Here are the unaffected human activity foothill oak forests, mountain beech, mixed and spruce forests, subalpine and alpine meadows with pine-alder crooked forests and rock-lichen landscapes. More than a thousand species of higher plants, 64 species of mammals, 173 species of birds are protected in the reserve.

The Synevyr National Park is located in the central part of the Ukrainian Carpathians, in the upper reaches of the Tereblya and the Rika. It was founded in 1989 on the territory of 40 thousand hectares. Lake Synevyr is located at an altitude of 989 m. It resembles an irregular quadrangle in shape, has a depth of 10 to 20 m. There is a small island in the center of the lake. Near the lake there are tourist bases "Morskoye Oko" and "Synevyr Lake". Within national park there are springs of mineral waters, monuments of wooden architecture have been preserved.

Polonina Dragobrat is located halfway between Rakhiv and Yaremche. This is a ski resort with a developed infrastructure for winter recreation. The height difference here is 500 m. The snow cover lasts from the beginning of November to the end of May. There are four lifts with a length of 350 to 1100 m. The slopes are prepared by a snowcat (a tractor with special caterpillars). Vacationers are accepted by tourist bases and hotels.

The tourism business is an important sector of the economy of the non-manufacturing sector and is of particular importance for the densely populated industrial Donbass.

Donetsk region has huge opportunities for tourism development: famous hydrological, geological and biological monuments of nature, rich historical past of the region, numerous monuments of history and culture, resort complexes, dozens of unique industries.

Natural and climatic resources of the region contribute to the development ecological tourism. In the Donetsk region, ecosystems have been preserved that have not experienced a significant impact of human economic activity and which can be used in scientific purposes or for aesthetic enjoyment. Such places are: botanical natural reserves: Khomutovskaya steppe, Stone graves, Azov dacha, Cherdakli, etc.; landscapes of the Belosaraiskaya Spit; a number of zoological and ornithological reserves: Krivokosky Liman, Belosarayskaya and Krivaya Spit; etymological reserves: Starchenkovskiy and Kalchinsky.

The Great Anadol Forest has received worldwide recognition. The forest stretched from the northwest to the northeast between the village of Blagodatny and the city of Volnovakha; its area is 2543 hectares.

In the Donetsk region there are also amazing geological monuments of nature. Among them, the Druzhkovsky petrified trees (Konstantinovsky district) stand out. Pervomaisky district of the Donetsk region has a good base for the development of hunting and fishing tourism. The climatic conditions of the Sea of Azov and the Seversky Donets contribute to the development of yachting, water skiing, windsurfing and other types of water tourism.

In the Donetsk region there are all conditions for the development of historical and cultural tourism. On the territory of the Donetsk region there are many archaeological sites, mounds, settlements, stone women, places associated with the legendary Ukrainian Cossacks on the shores of the Sea of Azov and in the interfluve of the Seversky Donets.

Among the monuments of the history of the Donetsk region, Savur-Mogila stands out in particular as a reminder of antiquity (mound, ancient burials) and the heroic Ukrainian epic.

Donetsk region has great opportunities for the development of industrial tourism. The Artyomovsk Champagne Winery, widely known in our country and abroad, is unique, located underground at a depth of 70-80m in the workings of previously operating mines for the extraction of gypsum. For recreational purposes, Artemovsky salt mines. Their unique microclimate is ideal for the treatment of upper respiratory tract and is used to treat asthma.

In the Donetsk region, within the limits of Krasnolimansky and Slavyansky districts, on an area of 40448 hectares, there is national park"Holy Mountains" The nature of the park is colorful and unique. More than a third of the phytocenotic diversity of the vegetation cover of the south-east of Ukraine is concentrated within its boundaries. Forests make up 91% of the park, meadows - 1.5%, swamps - 2.5%. Oak-pine (primary subora) and upland forests of common pine (45% of the forest area of the park) predominate. The only oak forest on the Left Bank with an area of up to 300 hectares has been preserved here.

Summer weather NNP "Holy Mountains" are favorable for the organization of recreational activities in general, ecotourism in particular. So the swimming season lasts 93 days, the average depth for swimming is 1.5 - 2.5 m, in significant areas there are sandy and grassy beaches. On the territory of the park there is a source of mineral ferruginous water with valuable healing properties. It contributes to the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

For the overpopulated Donbass, with its great need for recreation and recreation of local residents, the Svyatye Gory National Park can and should become a real “recreational Mecca”. Thus, the stationary recreation zone of the park includes 137 health-improving establishments, the most famous of which are the sanatorium "Holy Mountains" and "Shakhtar". Currently, only 81 establishments are functioning, of which there are 50 recreation centers, 26 health camps. Most of the resort and recreational establishments (64.2%) are concentrated on the territory of the Slavyanogorsk resort.

Next to the park there is a second resort - "Slavyansk". Within the city of Slavyanskaya there are salt lakes Ripne, Slipne - with therapeutic sulfide silt mud, as well as sodium chloride brine water. The lakes Vaysovoe and Liman are also used for recreational and health-improving purposes.

Religious tourism is also developing on the territory of the Donetsk region. Thousands of pilgrims visit the Svyatogorsk Monastery.

NNP "Holy Mountains" - not only one of the brightest pearls of the "natural box" of Ukraine. This is a place of religious pilgrimage for numerous believers and parishioners of the Holy Dormition Svyatogorsk Lavra, located within the park on the picturesque right bank of the Seversky Donets River.

At the beginning of the XVII century. here, in the caves of the chalk rock, there was an Orthodox Assumption Monastery. At the very top of this rock, there is the St. Nicholas Church, built by unknown craftsmen in the 17th century. By the middle of the second half of XIX V. belong to such original buildings of the Svyatogorsk ensemble as St. Andrew's chapel on a chalk rock, the main temple of the monastery - the Assumption Cathedral, the Church of the Intercession with a bell tower, Pechernik, the remains of Cyril and Methodius gatherings, memorial burials of famous families of the 19th century. - Golitsins, Kurakins, Ilovaiskys, etc. The caves on the territory of the former monastic Arsenievsky skete "Holy Place", as well as Mount Tabor, where the Transfiguration Church existed, are of educational recreational value. Most of these unique architectural monuments have now been restored and represent a national cultural heritage.

Recreational resources are a set of natural and anthropogenic objects and phenomena that can be used for recreation, treatment and tourism.

Natural-geographical and historical-cultural resources are of the greatest importance.

Recreational legislation is currently in a state of development.

The regions of Ukraine are not equally provided with natural tourist and recreational potential. The maximum share of natural and recreational potential in the total natural resource potential (NRP) is in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (1.76%), and the minimum is in the Ternopil (0.11%) and Rivne (0.12%) regions. However, despite this, in order to develop tourism activities, attract tourists to the regions, it is necessary to use the natural and recreational resources available there as much as possible. To do this, it is necessary to single out the most attractive natural objects for tourists, natural and recreational areas and develop the appropriate infrastructure.

The main recreational regions of Ukraine are the territories of the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea and Transcarpathia. Donetsk region is sufficiently provided with recreational resources. On its territory there is a national park "Holy Mountains", Velikoanadolsky forest, nature reserves: Khomutovskaya steppe, Stone graves, Azov dacha, Cherdakli, etc.; landscapes of the Belosaraiskaya Spit; a number of zoological and ornithological reserves: Krivokosky Liman, Belosarayskaya and Krivaya Spit; etymological reserves: Starchenkovskiy and Kalchinsky.

Thus, Ukraine has a good supply of recreational resources necessary for the improvement of the population. However, the social and household complex with the regions used for recreation does not correspond modern requirements, which serves as an obstacle both for the development of national tourism and for attracting tourists from other countries to Ukraine.

1. Bobkova A.G. Legal support of recreational activities. - Donetsk: South - East, 2000. - 308 p.

2. Recreational geography: ideas, methods, practice [Text]: Sat. scientific papers / otv. ed. A.A. Tkachenko. - Tver: Scientific book, 2006. - 144 p. - 200 copies. – ISBN 5-9032-95672-5.

3. Rudenko, V.P. Geography of the natural resource potential of Ukraine [Text]: monograph - Lviv: Light, 1993. - 240 p. - Bibliography. With. 236-237.

4. Beydik O.O. Glossary-adviser on the geography of tourism, recreational and recreational geography. - K.: Institute of Tourism of the Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine, 1998. - 130 p.

5. Kalityuk V.A. Recreational and tourist complex in the minds of the market. - Lviv, 1999. - 162 p.

6. Marinich O.M., Shishchenko P.G. Physical geography of Ukraine: Pdruchnik. - K .: T-vo "Knowledge", KOO, 2006. - 511 p.

7. Matsola V.I. Recreational and tourist complex of Ukraine. - Lviv, 1997. - 259 p.

8. Marinich O.M., Shishchenko P.G. Physical geography of Ukraine: Pdruchnik. - K .: T-vo "Knowledge", KOO, 2006. - 511 p.

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Table 2.3.3. – Volumes of transportation by motor transport by types of ownership in 1996 Share Unit Incl. by forms of non-state Measurement indicators Total ownership of the form in the total volume of traffic, % state. non-judgment. 1995 Freight transported thousand tons 48367 24110 24257 13.5 50, Transported thousand people 316,387 152,741 163,646 0.1 51, passengers The number of trucks in non-state enterprises more than doubled, while freight turnover only increased by 165.6%. On the contrary, the number of buses in private enterprises increased by 17 times, and passenger traffic - by 33 times.

Mariupol seaport equipped with modern technology is the sea gate of Donbass. From the Mariupol port, sea routes begin to the ports of Russia and foreign countries.

The share of non-state ownership in the transportation of goods by sea in the Donbass in 1996 amounted to 15.1%.

To stabilize the work of the Mariupol Seaport, the following measures are expedient:

1. Creation of equal conditions for the processing of cargo by the port, both in the Ukrainian direction, and in the countries of near and far abroad:

not to introduce payment for the passage of transit goods, which will attract additional cargo flows;

introduce preferential taxation for the port in order to retain personnel, social benefits for workers, maintenance of social facilities and infrastructure of the port;

leave the earned currency at the disposal of the port for the purchase of transshipment equipment and spare parts;

exempt the port from customs duties on the import of equipment and spare parts for them (Ukraine and the CIS countries do not produce port equipment).

2. Provide public investment for the maintenance of the Kerch-Yenikal canal, since the ports of Kerch and Mariupol do not have sufficient funds.

River transport in the Donbass is poorly developed. Its work is established only in the middle and lower reaches of the Seversky Donets - from the Gundorovskaya station to the mouth. The share of transport in the cargo turnover of Donbass is very small.

The territory of Donbass is crossed by the Soyuz main gas pipeline: Stavropol - Rostov - on the Don - Lugansk - Moscow with branches to Slavyansk, Sverdlovsk, Rovenki, Anthracite, Krasnodon, Starobelsk, Taganrog, Donetsk. Of the other gas pipelines, Shebelinka - Slavyansk Kramatorsk are of great importance.

Oil pipelines also pass through the territory of Donbass: Samara - Slavyansk;

Grozny - Lisichansk.

In Donetsk, Lugansk, Mariupol, Severodonetsk, air transport has been developed. Donbass is connected by airlines with Moscow, Kiev, St. Petersburg, Lvov, Odessa, as well as a number of districts and cities of other states.

IN last years the number of rolling stock of all types of transport decreased and the volume of freight and passenger traffic decreased. In 1995, the number of trucks decreased by 7.1%, and freight turnover by 34.2%. The car park is not updated, the depreciation of vehicles is increasing.

The increase in tariffs for freight and passenger transportation does not solve financial problems transport companies.

In the future, in order to develop transport, it is necessary to implement measures that are aimed at improving the organization of transportation by improving the modes of interaction between different modes of transport and the optimal distribution of traffic volumes between them.

Among the directions for improving the efficiency of transport, the following should be highlighted:

creation of a managed regional transport system of Donbass;

formation of an optimal network of communication routes based on rational systems of cargo flows;

distribution between modes of transport of volumes of freight and passenger traffic;

development of an energy supply program based on the introduction of measures to save fuel and the predominant development of non-energy-intensive modes of transport;

ensuring environmentally safe operation of all types of transport;

introduction of scientific and technical innovations, development of innovative management at the enterprises of the transport complex;

formation of a unified automated transport management system for Donbass;

improvement of the system, forms and methods of organizing passenger transportation;

ensuring the safe operation of transport;

introduction of progressive technological processes of transport services;

improvement of methods and means of maintenance and repair of rolling stock;

creation and development of facilities for the production of passenger electric locomotives and shunting diesel locomotives;

development state program development of the motor transport complex of the region, providing for the development of the domestic automotive industry;

increasing the speed of trains and the comfort of travel in suburban traffic;

development of urban public transport, operating mainly on electrical energy(tram, trolleybus).

The sphere of freight transportation should develop in the following areas:

increasing the speed and meeting the deadlines for the delivery of perishable goods by rail;

development of container transportation;

The transport problem in Donetsk should be solved by building a subway.

Market relations in the field of urban passenger transport are promising in terms of their impact on the quality and efficiency of transport enterprises.

The state order must be provided on a competitive basis. The principles of financing the state order should guarantee transport enterprises high economic efficiency, subject to the quality execution of the order.

2.4. Recreational economy of Donbass Recreation (lat. Recreatio - a break, rest between classes) is the reproduction of the physical and spiritual forces of a person expended in the labor process. The essence of recreation is to satisfy a variety of human needs related to recovery, recreation and meaningful spending time during leisure.

The recreational complex consists of sanatoriums and boarding houses with treatment;

rest houses and boarding houses;

sanatoriums-dispensaries, recreation centers;

tourist establishments.

The recreational economy of Donbass is important because:

the functioning of the recreational economy is aimed at the reproduction of the labor force;

influences the formation of consumer demand for goods and services;

accelerates the development of the economy of the territories, creates additional jobs;

expands the scope of employment in the region;

affects the structure of the balance of cash income and expenditures of the population;

activates the inflow of foreign currency.

The recreational economy of Donbass was formed under the influence of local recreational needs and is focused on meeting the demand of the population in all major types of short-term and long-term recreation (for children and adults in houses and recreation centers;

sanatorium;

tourist;

Brief history of the development of recreational economy. At the first stage of its formation, the healing resources in the vicinity of the city of Slavyansk mud were developed, which were used for the treatment of various diseases in the last century (1833).

A new stage of development began in the 20s of the XX century, when a network of sanatorium-and-spa institutions was created in the region. The main areas of recreational development are the banks of the Seversky Donets (Slavyansk) and individual sections of the Azov coast. In the late 50s - early 60s, the Azov coast and the hinterland of the region were intensively developed.

In the last thirty years, mass out-of-town recreation has been developing in the Donbass. An extensive network of garden plots and recreation centers is being created. In general, in the region, various enterprises and organizations have built more than 500 recreational institutions - boarding houses, bases and rest houses, children's health camps for 100 thousand people. Health-improving institutions of Donbass served up to a million people annually.

Development and placement of recreational facilities. The development of the recreational economy of the region is largely due to the presence of natural recreational resources. Recreational resources include objects of various origins, which, due to their properties, can be used for organizing recreation and tourism. The natural recreational resources of Donbass include: 1) climatic;

2) hydromineral;

3) water;

4) beach;

5) forest. A separate group is made up of cultural and historical recreational resources: 1) historical monuments;

2) monuments of archeology;

3) monuments of landscape gardening art;

The development of recreational economy in the Donbass is also stimulated by socio-economic and environmental factors.

Donbass is characterized by a high concentration of industry, in which the health status of workers has deteriorated. In the Donetsk region, more than 2 million people are employed at 11,000 manufacturing enterprises, and 50% of them work in conditions that do not meet sanitary requirements. Thousands of people work in the coal and metallurgical industries. Despite the sharp decline in industrial production and underemployment of labor collectives, more than 35 thousand people are injured annually. The highest level of occupational injuries in the coal industry.

Also, more than 4.5 thousand occupational diseases were detected in the Donbass (1994).

For a long period, the Donbass has been subjected to a powerful man-made load, as a result of which the ecological balance and the living conditions of the population have been disturbed in the region, which has a negative impact on the health and life expectancy of people. The processes of disturbance and destruction of natural forms of the biosphere and lithosphere continue in the region. Donbass is one of the most ecologically stressed regions of Ukraine. The emission density is 79 tons per 1 sq. km. km (almost 8 times higher than the average in Ukraine).

In Donbass, the provision of the population with recreational services is low - there are about 17 places per 1,000 people in the urban population. Among the cities of the Donetsk region with a population of more than 100 thousand people, the cities that are best provided with recreational facilities per 1000 inhabitants (with the norm of places) are: Kramatorsk - 29;

Donetsk - 20;

Mariupol - 17;

Slavyansk - 14.

In general, the recreational system of the region has a health-improving direction, since in the structure of recreational institutions the leading place is occupied by recreation centers (64.3%), rest houses and boarding houses (11%) (see Table 2.4.1).

The capacity of adult recreation institutions in the region is: on the basis of free time of the working period (sanatoriums) - 13%, on the basis of free time of the vacation period (sanatoriums, boarding houses, bases and rest houses) - 86.9%, of which the capacity of recreational institutions type accounts for 77.7%.

The share of sanatoriums accounts for only 1.8% of the total number of recreational institutions. Donbass sanatoriums treat diseases of the circulatory system, digestive organs, respiration, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, skin diseases.

The network of sanatoriums is distributed unevenly throughout the region, almost 85% belongs to the Slavic Territorial Council for Resort Management.

Table 2.4.1. - Structure of the recreational economy of Donbass (1996) Total number Capacity, total number of places of institutions Type of recreational Donetsk Lugansk Donetsk Luhansk institutions obl. region region region

Recreation centers 349 53 45547 Holiday houses and boarding houses 59 3 17155 Tourist bases 3...... 1507......

Campsites, motels 7...... 879......

Hunting and fishing bases 6...... 221......

Sanatoriums 10 16 4777 Sanatoriums 108 43 10590 Total: 542 115 806760 Children's recreation facilities are largely located in the main settlement zone.

Recreational enterprises of short-term rest (weekend recreation centers, motels, campsites, tourist bases and hotels) are not developed in the region, therefore it is important to change the ratio between the number of places for recreational institutions different types.

Horticultural associations in the region are often located within the city limits, i.e.

in zones of intensive influence of polluting factors. In general, in recent years, the share of agro-recreation in the structure of short-term recreational activities has increased, due to the need of the population to have a second home, as well as to combine recreation with agricultural production. Therefore, the population of many cities is currently oriented towards summer vacations.

There are only three recreational tourist enterprises in Donbass (1447 places), which serve 181 thousand tourists a year. Currently, the flow of tourists has declined sharply, due to economic reasons. Basically, organized trips abroad for commercial purposes (business tours) to Poland, Turkey, Hungary, and the UAE have been developed.

The main network of recreation facilities is currently concentrated in the North Donetsk and Azov recreational localizations. The rest of the recreation facilities are located in the hinterland of Donbass, in close proximity to the cities of centers of recreational demand.

The increased concentration of recreation facilities in recreational localizations, their disordered formation cause a deterioration in the quality and a reduction in the volume of recreational resources.

The most significant is the Azov recreational localization (300 recreation facilities with a capacity of 53687 places). Practically in all large coastal settlements there are recreational facilities for adults and children (see Table 2.4.2).

Table 2.4.2. – Recreational establishments on the coast of the Sea of Azov Occupied Number, total Capacity, total Populated area, hectares spit Yurievka 16 9 2540 2090 28.91 38, Urzuf 27 7 6078 2595 77.3 47, Sedovo 31 6870 84, Novoazovsk 3 2 740 280 7.47 4, Bezymennoe 11 3 750 300 17.1 5, Shirokino 6 1950 8.5 27, Sopino 3 2 300 1000 2.7 3, Pionerskoe 7 6 1000 2430 8.5 39, Mariupol 6 2196 38, Azovskoe 265 41 39456 13331 421.67 213 recreation with a capacity of 14,473 seats) was formed on the basis of a combination of valuable natural recreational resources.

An acute problem of recreational localization is the poor provision of general resort infrastructure. Technical systems and services as component recreational economy of the region have low level development. Low-rise buildings predominate in the construction of the health-improving network. Recreation institutions of departmental subordination, as a rule, have a small capacity - up to 1000 seats and do not meet modern requirements for improvement. The low efficiency of such recreation facilities (location in areas favorable for the organization of more efficient and profitable recreational enterprises) creates difficulties for the further development of these areas, leads to their irrational use.

To date, the recreational resources of the region have not been developed proportionally. The indicators of the density of recreational institutions testify to the uneven distribution of them over the territory. The majority of vacationers tends, first of all, to resort towns and settlements with a developed infrastructure, a well-established network Catering, trade and cultural services, as well as in private housing stock, which leads to uneven distribution of recreational flows. The overcrowding of individual territories leads to a deterioration in the sanitary and hygienic regime of recreation.

The problems of recreational development of Donbass are caused by the following factors:

lack of interest of local governments in the formation and development of the resort and recreational economy;

discrepancy between demand and supply of services of recreational and tourist complexes;

low level of controllability of the recreational process (over 60% of unorganized recreants);

irrational use of recreational resources;

social and economic discomfort in the region.

A significant obstacle to further recreational development is the problem of water supply in Donbass. The region belongs to the water-deficient zone. For water supply, groundwater is used, lying at a depth of 60-150 m, as well as the water of the Dnieper.

To combat abrasive-landslide-landslide processes on the Azov coast, it is necessary to carry out engineering and technical measures - bank protection works and the construction of beach storage structures. In addition to the creation of technical structures, massive sand intake in places of landslides and collapses should be prohibited. It is necessary to organize and properly operate sanitary protection zones between industrial and agricultural enterprises and recreational areas.

It is necessary to carry out a special environmental and land policy aimed at protecting recreational resources.

The infrastructure of short-term rest should be developed in Donbass. To this end, it is necessary to stimulate (through concessional lending and taxation) the creation of small recreational enterprises along the roads, in countryside, as well as on the Azov coast:

establishments of one-two-day rest, means of accommodation for autotourists, suburban sports and cultural complexes. Expansion of short-term recreation facilities is possible through the reconstruction of waste rock dumps, quarries, technical ponds. Recreation centers and boarding houses of enterprises can be converted into public tourist hotels.

The need for structural restructuring of the region's economy makes it possible to assess the significance of the recreational complex of Donbass. Recreation is one of the industries that, without significant capital investments, gives a quick economic return, and additional income to local budgets. The organization of various forms of recreational services will provide permanent or temporary work for people who are released from closing industries. In this regard, it seems relevant to develop a regional program for the development and placement of the recreational sector of the economy. During the creation of the program, the development and location of existing recreation and tourism facilities should be analyzed;

study the recreational needs of the population and the structure of demand;

analyze the possibilities of expanding the recreational economy;

to substantiate the development of promising areas of the resort and recreational economy of the region;

determine changes in its functional structure;

to formulate the principles of regional policy regarding the development of the tourism business.

The recreational potential of the territory is a combination of natural, cultural, historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the organization of recreational activities. The main component of the recreational potential are recreational resources.

The recreational potential can be explored both at the level of the whole world and on the scale of one country, region, etc. To do this, it is necessary to study all the prerequisites for recreational development. The tourism business is an important sector of the economy and the recreational sector, therefore it is of particular importance for the densely populated industrial Donbass.

The issues of rational use of recreational potential at the regional level are devoted to the work of such scientists and public figures, as Blackburn A.A., Bovsunovskaya A.Ya., Kurulenko S.S., Pel'tikhin A.S., Ryzhkin Yu.E., Tretyakov S.V. and etc.

The purpose of this work is to consider the recreational potential of the Donbass and the prospects for its rational use.

Despite a significant number of publications on this topic the problem of a rational, environmentally normalized and socially significant level of organization of nature management in the Donetsk region remains.

Donbass has great opportunities for the development of the recreational sector: the famous hydrological, geological and biological monuments of nature, the rich historical past of the region, numerous monuments of history and culture, resort complexes, dozens of unique industries. In addition to social and recreational value, these objects represent a well-known economic value. If they are fully implemented, the region's economy can not only make a leap in its development, but also reach a qualitatively new level.

In the Donetsk region there are all conditions for the development of historical and cultural tourism. On the territory of Donbass there are many archaeological sites, mounds, settlements, stone women, places associated with the legendary Cossacks on the shores of the Sea of Azov and in the interfluve of the Seversky Donets.

Donbass also has great opportunities for the development of industrial tourism. Artyomovsk Champagne Winery, widely known in our country and abroad, is unique, located underground at a depth of 70-80 m in the workings of previously operating mines for the extraction of gypsum. Artyomovsk salt mines are used for recreational purposes.

Climatic conditions are favorable for recreational activities, especially for organizing summer holiday. In addition, the natural and climatic resources of the region contribute to the development of ecological tourism. In the Donetsk region, ecosystems have been preserved that have not experienced a significant impact of human economic activity and which can be used both for scientific purposes and for aesthetic enjoyment. Such places are: botanical natural reserves: Khomutovskaya steppe, Stone graves, Azov dacha, Cherdakli, etc.; landscapes of the Belosaraiskaya Spit; a number of zoological and ornithological reserves: Krivokosky Liman, Belosarayskaya and Krivaya Spit; etymological reserves: Starchenkovskiy and Kalchinsky and others.

Compared to other regions of Ukraine, Donbass is characterized by high level urbanization. On its territory there are a large number of industrial enterprises: factories, mines, factories, etc., as a result of which an unfavorable ecological situation has developed in the region. 73% of the territory of Donbass is occupied by agricultural land, significant areas are occupied by highways and landfills, which is why we can observe an acute shortage of natural areas intended for recreational use. That is why the main recreational load falls on two zones suitable for recreation and restoration of health, which are located outside the cities: Priazovskaya and Pridontsovskaya.

Azov zone (Azov region) - geographic region in the southeast of Ukraine. The recreational potential of the Donetsk Sea of Azov meets the highest international standards. More than 60 archeological monuments have been preserved here, from the early Paleolithic to the beginning of the 20th century, fragments of traditional culture and buildings of Ukrainians, Greeks, Don Cossacks, and most importantly, corners of nature untouched by man.

Only within the Donetsk region in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov there are more than 250 institutions for recreation and recreation of the population. The region is characterized by a mild climate, the presence of therapeutic mud and mineral waters, sandy beaches, natural complexes of the Belosarayskaya Spit and Krivaya Spit.

The natural healing resources of the Sea of Azov are salt lakes with large reserves of therapeutic mud, as well as spacious sandy beaches, the southern maritime and steppe climate.

The acute problems of the Sea of Azov are insufficient water reserves suitable for drinking by the population and vacationers, the lack of a centralized sewerage network, wastewater treatment facilities, unfavorable soil conditions for planting greenery on the territory, and a high degree of sea water pollution. Transport services and means of communication are very limited. There are practically no institutions for the entertainment of vacationers. Due to the decrease in the level of recreational activities, the number of vacationers is declining.

Adaptation of the existing recreational resources of the Azov region to the needs of the future can be carried out subject to four main points. This is the adaptation of natural resources and recreation facilities, the organization of a developed service network, the development of high-quality infrastructure. The strategy of sustainable development of tourism minimizes the negative processes affecting the environment. At the same time, the main principles of nature management are the observance of environmental standards and norms, the preservation of the integrity of natural complexes, the harmony of recreational, environmental, economic and social interests.

In addition to the Sea of Azov, a large load falls on the Pridontsovo recreational zone, which is located in the north of Donbass, along the Seversky Donets River. 96% of the territory of the zone is covered with forest, which greatly distinguishes it from the "traditional" for Donbass natural area- steppes, and is used for recreation all year round.

It is in the Donts region that the famous centers of sanatorium treatment are located. Among them, Slavyansk can be singled out - a balneo-mud resort, the main natural and healing factors of which are sulfide silt mud of salt lakes Rapnoe, Slepnoe and other smaller ones, as well as brine sodium chloride water extracted from boreholes, which is used for mud baths. All of them are united under the common name - Slavic lakes. They are of great interest and great importance for the recreational sphere of Donbass, since in Ukraine nowhere else are salt lakes located at such a great distance from the sea. Slavic lakes are dark brown, sometimes brown in color, the water in them is characterized by a high content of organic matter. Lakes need constant monitoring percentage salt in water. This is necessary for the vital activity of bacteria that produce biochemical components of therapeutic mud.

In addition to therapeutic mud, Donbass is rich in mineral water springs. On the territory of the Donetsk region there is one of the largest artesian basins in Ukraine - the Dnieper-Donetsk. Mineral waters of various types (sodium chloride, bromine, radon, ferruginous, table) are located in the Sverdlovsk, Popasnyansky, Starobelsky, Volnovakhsky, Dobropolsky districts. Due to the increased content of biologically active components, the mineral waters of the Donetsk region are considered therapeutic. On the territory of the Donetsk region there are several sanatoriums that actively use mineral water treatment in their practice. Among them are Donbass, Anniversary, Slavic, Holy Mountains and others.

Important recreational hubs of Donbass are Slavyansky, Slavyanogorsky, Kremensky, Starobelsky, Novoaydarsky. Near urban agglomerations, near artificial reservoirs, zones of short-term rest were formed (Isakovskoye, Lutuginskoye and others).

The main property of natural recreational resources is the ability to exert a certain physiological, psychological and at the same time rejuvenating effect on people. The development of natural recreational resources is one of the main health factors, and therefore is of great importance for the economy of the region.

Conclusion. Donetsk region has significant and diverse recreational resources. The potential of natural and socio-cultural recreational facilities in the region can have a fruitful effect on the improvement and recreation of the population, improve its cultural level. The task of the recreational sphere of Donbass in the near future can be considered to be the expansion of existing opportunities, the search for new recreational facilities, their popularization and the implementation of a number of measures to preserve and restore the natural and cultural monuments of the region.

Literature:

1. Donbass Switzerland: the phenomenon of tourism potential [Electronic resource] - Access mode: // "Invest-Ukraine": site. - URL: http://investukr.com.ua/get-news/182/

2. Kovalevsky V. V. Distribution of productive forces and regional economy: Pdruchnik / Ed. V. V. Kovalevsky, O. L. Mikhailyuk, V. F. Semenov - 8th species., Sr. - K.: Zannya 2006. - 350 p.

3. Recreational resources of the Azov region [Electronic resource] - Access mode: //GeogTime: site. - URL: http://www.geogtime.ru/goas-379-1.html

Pavlova A.A.

Khimchenko A.N.

Donetsk National University

4.4 Recreational resources of Donetsk region

The tourism business is an important sector of the economy of the non-manufacturing sector and is of particular importance for the densely populated industrial Donbass.

The natural and climatic resources of the region contribute to the development of ecological tourism. In the Donetsk region, ecosystems have been preserved that have not experienced a significant impact of human economic activity and which can be used for scientific purposes or for aesthetic enjoyment. Such places are: botanical natural reserves: Khomutovskaya steppe, Stone graves, Azov dacha, Cherdakli, etc.; landscapes of the Belosaraiskaya Spit; a number of zoological and ornithological reserves: Krivokosky Liman, Belosarayskaya and Krivaya Spit; etymological reserves: Starchenkovskiy and Kalchinsky.

Among the monuments of the history of the Donetsk region, Savur-Mogila stands out in particular as a reminder of antiquity (mound, ancient burials) and the heroic Ukrainian epic.

Donetsk region has great opportunities for the development of industrial tourism. The Artyomovsk Champagne Winery, widely known in our country and abroad, is unique, located underground at a depth of 70-80m in the workings of previously operating mines for the extraction of gypsum. Artyomovsk salt mines are used for recreational purposes. Their unique microclimate is ideal for treating the upper respiratory tract and is used to treat asthma.

In the Donetsk region, within the limits of Krasnolimansky and Slavyansky districts, on an area of 40,448 hectares, the national park "Holy Mountains" is located. The nature of the park is colorful and unique. More than a third of the phytocenotic diversity of the vegetation cover of the south-east of Ukraine is concentrated within its boundaries. Forests make up 91% of the park, meadows - 1.5%, swamps - 2.5%. Oak-pine (primary subora) and upland forests of common pine (45% of the forest area of the park) predominate. The only oak forest on the Left Bank with an area of up to 300 hectares has been preserved here.

Summer weather conditions of NNP "Holy Mountains" are favorable for the organization of recreational activities in general, ecotourism in particular. So the swimming season lasts 93 days, the average depth for swimming is 1.5 - 2.5 m, in significant areas there are sandy and grassy beaches. On the territory of the park there is a source of mineral ferruginous water with valuable healing properties. It contributes to the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

Religious tourism is also developing on the territory of the Donetsk region. Thousands of pilgrims visit the Svyatogorsk Monastery.

At the beginning of the XVII century. here, in the caves of the chalk rock, there was an Orthodox Assumption Monastery. At the very top of this rock, there is the St. Nicholas Church, built by unknown craftsmen in the 17th century. By the middle of the second half of the XIX century. belong to such original buildings of the Svyatogorsk ensemble as St. Andrew's chapel on a chalk rock, the main temple of the monastery - the Assumption Cathedral, the Church of the Intercession with a bell tower, Pechernik, the remains of Cyril and Methodius gatherings, memorial burials of famous families of the 19th century. - Golitsins, Kurakins, Ilovaiskys, etc. The caves on the territory of the former monastic Arsenievsky skete "Holy Place", as well as Mount Tabor, where the Transfiguration Church existed, are of educational recreational value. Most of these unique architectural monuments have now been restored and represent a national cultural heritage.

Recreational resources are a set of natural and anthropogenic objects and phenomena that can be used for recreation, treatment and tourism.

Natural-geographical and historical-cultural resources are of the greatest importance.

Recreational legislation is currently in a state of development.

Thus, Ukraine has a good supply of recreational resources necessary for the improvement of the population. However, the social and household complex with the regions used for recreation does not meet modern requirements, which serves as an obstacle both for the development of national tourism and for attracting tourists from other countries to Ukraine.

Bibliography

1. Bobkova A.G. Legal support of recreational activities. - Donetsk: South - East, 2000. - 308 p.

2. Recreational geography: ideas, methods, practice [Text]: Sat. scientific papers / otv. ed. A.A. Tkachenko. - Tver: Scientific book, 2006. - 144 p. - 200 copies. – ISBN 5-9032-95672-5.

3. Rudenko, V.P. Geography of the natural resource potential of Ukraine [Text]: monograph - Lviv: Light, 1993. - 240 p. - Bibliography. With. 236-237.

4. Beydik O.O. Glossary-adviser on the geography of tourism, recreational and recreational geography. - K.: Institute of Tourism of the Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine, 1998. - 130 p.

5. Kalityuk V.A. Recreational and tourist complex in the minds of the market. - Lviv, 1999. - 162 p.

6. Marinich O.M., Shishchenko P.G. Physical geography of Ukraine: Pdruchnik. - K .: T-vo "Knowledge", KOO, 2006. - 511 p.

7. Matsola V.I. Recreational and tourist complex of Ukraine. - Lviv, 1997. - 259 p.

Institutions is 828 thousand places. In the functional structure of the bed fund, 23.6% are sanatorium and resort institutions, 66.3% - recreational and 10.1% - tourist. In general, in terms of the level of development of tourist infrastructure and the parameters of the quality of the provided tourist services, Ukraine is noticeably inferior to developed countries, which brings the price factor to the fore in the competition...

Resort areas, religious and religious complexes, fortifications and other separate structures located outside settlements. Almost all regions of Ukraine have a variety of recreational resources, among which sanatoriums and resorts traditionally dominate. When servicing and treating vacationers, a complex of natural resources is allocated, providing comprehensiveness ...

Page 1

The tourism business is an important sector of the economy of the non-manufacturing sector and is of particular importance for the densely populated industrial Donbass.

Among the monuments of the history of the Donetsk region, Savur-Mogila stands out in particular as a reminder of antiquity (mound, ancient burials) and the heroic Ukrainian epic.

Donetsk region has great opportunities for the development of industrial tourism. The Artyomovsk Champagne Winery, widely known in our country and abroad, is unique, located underground at a depth of 70-80m in the workings of previously operating mines for the extraction of gypsum. Artyomovsk salt mines are used for recreational purposes. Their unique microclimate is ideal for treating the upper respiratory tract and is used to treat asthma.

historical method
The historical method of understanding nature is also one of the traditional methods geographical research, although it was formed much later than the comparative and cartographic methods and largely relies on them. emergence historical method became possible only in the XVIII century, to ...

Southeast Region of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
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Calculation of indicators of transport routes in the region and development prospects
Let's calculate the main indicators characterizing the qualitative characteristics of transport routes in the region (Table 8). Table 8 Characteristics of transport routes in the region Region Railways, thousand km. River routes, thousand km. Car roads, thousand km. The area of the region, thousand km. Density...

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Collection of ideal social studies essays

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