Railway troops are an integral part of the armed forces of some states, participating in ensuring the defense capability of the state. Railway troops are special troops and are intended for construction, restoration and ... Wikipedia
Special troops designed to restore, build and block railways in theaters of war. Organizationally consolidated into formations, units and subunits. For the first time Zh. originated in Russia in 1851, when on ...
In 1905 1907, elected democratic organizations on the railway. e. of Russia, which arose during the Revolution of 1905-1907 to lead the strike movement. In the autumn of 1905, Zh. to. Siberian, Transbaikal, Central Asian, Tashkent and some other roads ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Troops special purpose a term to refer to enemy special operations troops. It should not be confused with Special Purpose Units by the term to refer to units that performed special (special) ... ... Wikipedia
Day of the Railway Troops of Russia- On August 6, Russia celebrates the Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation. For the first time this holiday was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 19, 1996 On the Establishment of the Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation. Currently celebrated in... Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Check information. It is necessary to check the accuracy of the facts and the reliability of the information presented in this article. There should be explanations on the talk page ... Wikipedia
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ... Wikipedia
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RUSSIAN FEDERATION
THE FEDERAL LAW
About the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation
(as amended on November 11, 2003)
Repealed from July 1, 2004 on the basis of
Federal Law of June 29, 2004 N 58-FZ
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Document as amended by:
(Russian newspaper, N 4, 01/06/2000);
(Parliamentary newspaper, N 212, 11/15/2003).
____________________________________________________________________
This Federal Law defines the purpose, main tasks, legal basis and principles of organization, functions and powers of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Railway Troops).
Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
1. The railway troops are intended for technical cover, restoration and blocking of railways in order to ensure the combat and mobilization activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, for the construction, both in wartime and in peacetime, of new ones and to increase the survivability and capacity of existing railways, for the restoration of railways destroyed as a result of natural disasters, as well as for the fulfillment of tasks in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended by Federal Law No. 219-FZ.
2. Technical cover of railways - a set of engineering, technical and organizational measures carried out in peacetime and wartime for the comprehensive preparation of facilities, structures and devices of the operated railway network of the Russian Federation, restoration and operational forces and means (military units of the Railway Troops, special formations and restoration organizations of federal executive bodies) to carry out work to eliminate the consequences of the resulting destruction.
Article 2
The Railway Troops are responsible for:
in peacetime - maintaining constant combat and mobilization readiness; organization and holding preparatory work on the technical cover and restoration of the most important objects of the railways of the Russian Federation entrusted to the Railway Troops; accumulation, placement, storage and timely replacement of weapons, military and special equipment, and other materiel for the deployment of troops in wartime; education and training of military personnel and civilian personnel of relevant specialties at transport construction facilities, primarily at defense facilities, as well as solving other tasks assigned to the Railway Troops;
in wartime - maintaining constant combat readiness to perform assigned tasks; technical cover, restoration and barrier of the most important railway facilities in the front line and in the depths of the country; demining and exploitation of the head sections of the restored railway lines; building and operation of floating railway bridges and inventory overpasses; increasing the capacity of existing and building new railway lines, bypassing junctions and bridges in the territories of strategic (operational-strategic) formations and in the rear of the country.
Article 3
The activities of the Railway Troops are carried out on the basis of the principles of legality, unity of command, centralization of control, recruitment of troops by military personnel serving on conscription and under contract.
Article 4
The legal basis for the activities of the Railway Troops is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws, international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of activity of the Railway Troops, as well as the regulation on the federal executive body for the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation, approved by the President of the Russian Federation, and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation (article as amended by Federal Law No. 219-FZ of December 30, 1999, put into effect on January 6, 2000).
Article 5
1. Railway troops are integral part forces involved in the defense, and consist of the federal executive body for the Railway Troops, formations, military units, research institutions, organizations and military educational institutions vocational education(hereinafter military units) (paragraph as amended by Federal Law No. 219-FZ of December 30, 1999, entered into force on January 6, 2000.
2. Structure, staffing military personnel and the composition of the Railway Troops up to and including the connection is approved by the President of the Russian Federation.
Article 6
1. The President of the Russian Federation is in charge of the Railway Troops.
2. The Government of the Russian Federation exercises its powers in relation to the Railway Troops in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
3. The management of the Railway Troops is carried out by the head of the federal executive body for the Railway Troops - the commander of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the commander of the Railway Troops) through the federal executive body for the Railway Troops and the headquarters of the Railway Troops.
The Commander of the Railway Troops is appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation.
4. The powers of the commander of the Railway Troops, as well as the powers of the federal executive body for the Railway Troops, are determined by the regulation on the federal executive body for the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation.
(Article as amended, entered into force on January 6, 2000 by the Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ
Article 7
1. The federal executive body for the Railway Troops solves the tasks assigned to the Railway Troops in cooperation with other federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies local government on the basis and in the manner provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the regulation on the federal executive body for the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (clause as amended by Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ.
2. Federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments are obliged to assist the Railway Troops in their activities to fulfill the tasks assigned to them.
Article 8. Property of the Railway Troops
1. Residential, service and technical and industrial buildings of military camps, educational facilities, technical and other property of the Railway Troops are federal property and are under their right of economic management or operational management (clause as amended, put into effect on January 6, 2000 by the Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ.
2. Land, forests, waters and others Natural resources, provided for the placement and implementation of the activities of the Railway Troops, are in federal ownership (clause as amended by Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ.
Section II. FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE RAILWAY TROOPS
Section II
FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE RAILWAY TROOPS
Article 9. Functions of the Railway Troops
Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ:
a) takes part in the development of the federal program for equipping the territory of the Russian Federation in terms of planning measures for the preparation of railways for defense purposes and in the implementation of these measures;
b) organizes the development and implementation of plans for the transfer of the Railway Troops to work in wartime conditions, a plan for the accumulation of mobilization resources;
c) develop a program for equipping the Railway Troops with new special recovery equipment;
d) organize the training of subordinate headquarters and military units for joint actions with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops for defense purposes;
e) ensures constant combat and mobilization readiness of military units;
f) issues orders, directives on the activities of the Railway Troops and the special formations and restoration organizations attached to them in wartime by the federal executive authorities;
g) organize the education and training of citizens who are in the reserve and assigned to deploy the Railway Troops in wartime;
h) develops the necessary tactical and technical requirements for technical weapons, restoration materials, structures, standard restoration projects, as well as the necessary regulatory, methodological and organizational and technological documentation;
i) performs the functions of a customer for the development, manufacture and testing of special equipment and military equipment of the Railway Troops, adopts samples of new special recovery equipment and inventory structures;
j) organizes the production, economic and financial and economic activities of military units;
k) interacts with the railway troops and transport authorities of the Commonwealth member states Independent States, as well as other states in accordance with the international treaties of the Russian Federation.
2. The tasks and functions of military units are determined by the legislative acts of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (clause as amended by Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ.
Article 10
1. The federal executive body for the Railway Troops (paragraph as amended by Federal Law No. 219-FZ of December 30, 1999:
a) develops and submits draft regulatory legal acts on the activities of the Railway Troops for approval by the President of the Russian Federation, federal executive authorities;
b) conclude contracts and agreements;
c) forms a program of educational and practical work of military units at facilities, primarily in the interests of the federal railway transport;
d) performs the functions of a customer-builder for its own construction, organizes the development of projects, examination and preparation for approval of design estimates for objects of its own construction;
e) carries out, within the framework of international treaties of the Russian Federation, foreign economic activity and scientific and technical cooperation, including on the supply of equipment, structures and other equipment for military units in order to increase the combat readiness of the Railway Troops in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
f) organizes the preparation and conduct of joint exercises with the railway troops of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in order to ensure collective security in accordance with the international treaties of the Russian Federation;
g) creates, reorganizes and liquidates, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, organizations necessary to solve the tasks assigned to the Railway Troops, appoints and dismisses the heads of these organizations;
h) acquires or leases buildings, premises, structures, other real estate on the territory of the Russian Federation, special equipment necessary to solve the tasks assigned to the Railway Troops, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
i) organizes the work on the selection of candidates for military service under the contract and on the conclusion of contracts for the passage military service in the Railway Troops in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Regulations.
2. Military units are legal entities. Their rights are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the regulation on the federal executive body for the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended by Federal Law No. 219-FZ of December 30, 1999.
Section III EQUIPMENT OF THE RAILWAY TROOPS. MILITARY SERVICE IN THE RAILWAY TROOPS. LABOR ACTIVITIES OF CIVIL PERSONNEL OF RAILWAY TROOPS.
Article 11
1. The railway troops are staffed with military and civilian personnel.
2. Railway troops are recruited by military personnel in the manner prescribed by federal laws, on the basis of the conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service on an extraterritorial basis, as well as by voluntary entry into military service under a contract, mainly by persons with railway, construction and other technical specialties graduates educational institutions primary, secondary and higher vocational education of the federal executive authorities in charge of railways, industrial and civil construction, and citizens trained in contractual basis in other organizations that train citizens in military specialties by order of the federal executive body for the Railway Troops through the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ; as amended, put into effect on November 15, 2003 by the Federal Law of November 11, 2003 N 141-FZ.
3. Railway troops are staffed with civilian personnel in accordance with federal laws.
The number of civilian personnel of the Railway Troops is established by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the list of positions filled by civilian personnel is established by the Commander of the Railway Troops.
Article 12
Military service in the Railway Troops, the procedure for its passage, the assignment of military and honorary titles, the awarding of state awards, dismissal from military service and pension provision are determined by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation governing military service.
Article 13
The military personnel of the Railway Troops and members of their families are under the protection of the state and enjoy all the rights and benefits established for them by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 14
1. Labor relations of civilian personnel of the Railway Troops are regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation on labor and the legislation of the Russian Federation on public service, as well as regulatory legal acts issued by the federal executive body for the Railway Troops (paragraph as amended by Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ.
2. Civilian personnel of the Railway Troops are subject to the rights, obligations and benefits provided for civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
3. The laws of the Russian Federation on labor issues, its remuneration, pensions, social and legal protection of citizens shall apply to the civilian personnel of the Railway Troops, regardless of the announcement of their entry into force by the military authorities.
Section IV. FINANCING AND PROVISION OF THE RAILWAY TROOPS
Section IV
FINANCING AND PROVISION OF THE RAILWAY TROOPS
Article 15
Financing of the Railway Troops (maintenance, procurement of weapons and military equipment, research and design work, capital construction) are carried out at the expense of the federal budget.
Article 16
1. Providing the Railway Troops with weapons and military equipment, technical means educational work, as well as technical, logistic, medical, financial and pension support is carried out in accordance with the standards established for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and in the manner determined by federal laws and the Regulations on the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended, entered into force on January 6, 2000 of the year Federal Law of December 30, 1999 N 219-FZ.
2. The purchase and supply of the most important types of material and technical resources of general industrial use to ensure the activities of the Railway Troops are carried out on the terms and in the manner provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with this Federal Law.
Article 17
Military personnel of the Railway Troops are provided with monetary and other types of allowances according to the norms established for military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Section V. FINAL PROVISIONS
Section V
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 18
This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.
Article 19
Propose to the President of the Russian Federation and instruct the Government of the Russian Federation to bring their legal acts in line with this Federal Law.
The president
Russian Federation
B. Yeltsin
Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions
prepared by legal
Bureau "KODEKS"
E. OJ: Then tell us more about the equipment and weapons, new samples that come to you.
A. NALEYKIN: As mentioned earlier, all the armed forces receive new equipment and weapons, and our railway troops are no exception. To date, a lot of weapons are received on the basis of KamAZ: excavators, bulldozers.
E. O.: Russian made?
A.N.: Only Russian production. This year we received a bridge-tape MLZh 500 meters. There is no such bridge. This is the first bridge that can carry not only rail transport, but also road transport. We are testing it now. Next year we plan to drive both a road train and equipment along it.
Read the full version of the General Staff program with Alexei Naleikin below and listen to the audio recording.
E. OJ: The program "General Staff" is on the air. Elena Oya is at the microphone. Today we have a military expert in the studio, Chief Editor magazine "National Defense" Igor Korotchenko. Igor Yurievich, hello.
I. KOROTCHENKO: Hello.
E. O.: Also in our studio is the commander of a separate railway brigade, Colonel Alexei Naleikin. Alexei Gennadievich, hello.
A. NALEYKIN: Good afternoon.
E. O.: Today, August 6, Russia celebrates the Day of the Railway Troops, the 165th anniversary, if I'm not mistaken. A big request to tell us about the training of the railway troops. Not very many people know about it. What interesting things can you tell us?
A.N.: I would like to talk about the troops. The troops are composed of railway brigades. As the commander of the railway brigade, I would like to tell you about my brigade. This is the Warsaw Railway Brigade of the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd degree, decorated. To begin with, the railway brigade participated in all the wars that took place. We were entrusted with the great honor of participating in the parade in 2011, where we marched with honor for the first time in history as railway troops and took part in Red Square. A lot of attention is paid to the training of our specialists, junior specialists in our military units, training units that we have throughout Russia, in St. Petersburg, Moscow. After the boys come out of these training parts, they come to our teams, including my team in the city of Smolensk, and perform the tasks that we face. And there are a lot of tasks that need to be done.
E. O.: Which?
A.N.: Restoration and construction of railway tracks. Today we carry out activities related to the restoration and laying of railway tracks.
"Our team has been entrusted with several such facilities, where we carry out tasks, bring the paths in line so that vehicles pass through them"
I.K.: Here I would like to add for our radio listeners. It is important to understand that both in the conditions of the daily activities of the armed forces, and in the conditions of a real war, there is a need for regroupings, redeployment of significant volumes of military formations, equipment, etc. It is not possible to solve these tasks only by air transport, therefore the bulk of all the transfer of troops and equipment is carried out by rail. Of course, in a real war, these communication routes will be influenced in one form or another by the enemy, so the goals and objectives of the railway troops are to comprehensively ensure the possibility of transport transfers, posting echelons in order to uninterruptedly supply the troops, the army with everything necessary, to transfer troops, equipment , food - everything that is needed in a real war. Of course, in peacetime conditions there is also an area of responsibility, because the railway brigades are designed to maintain in normal working condition in their area of responsibility those communications of the railway line, which are the arteries of modern transport, modern logistics, modern rear armed forces Russia.
Equipment in the service of the railway troops
E. O.: Alexei Gennadievich, can you tell us about such specific, not very common units that your troops have? Diving or pontoon-bridge. What are they needed for?
A.N.: There is a diving department in my brigade, it consists of several servicemen, in this case I have a contract, I have specific equipment, the latest weapons- cars that come to us now. At the 2016 forum, I will be highlighting this KamAZ-based vehicle, the latest vehicle to be shown at this event. Why specific? Because these boys are being trained in a training unit - a special educational institution where they are trained, prepared to perform tasks on the water, descend to a depth of 30-50 meters and carry out activities related to the clearance of railway bridges, floating bridges, then that we are preparing to prevent mines or anything to be done with these bridges. The work with them is carried out very seriously, the preparation goes on for about four months. After that, they, already ready, able, get into the troops, and for six months we deal with them, work.
E. O.: Then tell us more about the equipment and weapons, new samples that come to you.
A.N.: As mentioned earlier, all the armed forces are receiving new equipment and weapons, and our railway troops are no exception.
"Today, a lot of weapons are received on the basis of KamAZ: excavators, bulldozers"
E. O.: Russian made?
A.N.: Only Russian production. This year we received a bridge-tape MLZh 500 meters. There is no such bridge. This is the first bridge that can carry not only rail transport, but also road transport. We are testing it now. Next year we plan to drive both a road train and equipment along it.
E. O.: How to get into your troops? Is there a certain selection of people - 17-year-old boys who are going into the army and, maybe, aiming specifically at you?
A.N.: We have specific troops: we build railways, we are creative troops. Just like that, a boy without a specialty does not come to us, he comes with the specialties that we need: bulldozer operators, excavator operators, drivers, crane operators, mechanics. Our training military units prepare specific specialties: machinists, operators, drivers of our special equipment, and we have quite a lot of it, with the help of which we build, drive piles under bridges. To get to us, they undergo training, drivers - in a driving school, all the rest are selected according to the criteria, depending on what they have, what kind of training, what crusts they have on their hands.
What kind of people are needed in the railway troops
E. O.: But not for every specialty, as I understand it, secondary special education enough. Surely there are specialties where people are needed only with higher education. What exactly and what are these specialties?
A.N.: Yes, in most cases last years, if you look at our dynamics, a lot of people come with secondary, secondary special and higher education. Now a lot of boys want to serve in the army in order to give 12 months to the army, look, grow up, get stronger, get professions, specialties, and we do this in our railway troops and our railway brigade. We cook not only in training centers.
"In our brigade, we train surveyors, cargo handlers, we have additional training for drivers"
In order for all specialists to come from civilians, in order to get into our cars, KamAZ trucks and other equipment, we definitely do additional training, allow them, and only after that they work with us. Of course, education is essential. We need people with higher education. The technique comes very serious, very specific. It requires a higher education. After they come to us, we look at them and send them to our educational establishments so that they are still retrained for exactly the latest technology that comes to us.
E. O.: My personal question is: are there women in your troops?
A.N.: As elsewhere in the armed forces, there are women in our brigade. There are women who work in communications platoons - these are our signalmen, we have women in medical posts - our doctors of various positions who deal with their issues both in peacetime and, if necessary, in wartime.
E. O.: But there are more men, as far as I understand?
A.N.: Yes, sure.
E. O.: Then, maybe, let's talk now, how are the exercises conducted on the ground? Are there key differences from exercises on the water? We just talked about the divers you have.
A.N.: In the first place we have combat training, this is the main type of unit training. If earlier, in addition to combat training, we went to outfits, cleaned up the territory, today all this is a thing of the past. We are engaged only in combat training. This includes all exercises, all tactical and special exercises. What is the difference? In the railway troops in my brigade, there are different battalions - a bridge battalion, a pontoon-bridge battalion. They have different tasks. At one battalion - a pontoon bridge - this is on the water, where we hold events. At the bridge - on dry land.
Heirs of glorious military traditions
E. O.: Today is the 165th anniversary of our railway troops, and, of course, many would be interested to know the history of the troops.
A.N.: The history of the creation of the railway troops goes back to the distant 1851, when it was on August 6 that Emperor Nicholas I issued a decree on the creation of separate working companies: conductor, geographical companies with a total number of more than four thousand people. Since the formation of the first railway formations, a relay race of courage, stamina, heroic work of the railway troops and a feat began, which fit into the golden annals of Russian history. For more than a century and a half, the troops have contributed to the defense capability and construction of our country. Since the 19th century, we have been involved in the construction of such large roads as St. Petersburg-Warsaw, Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod. WITH half of XIX century, troops become indispensable participants in all wars. As mentioned above, all the troops go ahead, and we are sure to build a railway behind, so that later we can bring materials, food, fuel and lubricants so that our troops fight and win. Starting from the 20-30s of the XX century, our part of the railway troops, including our brigade, was on the construction of the railway lines of the Turkestan-Siberian railway, where she took part in the defeat of fascist groups.
"During the Great Patriotic War units and formations of the railway troops played an important role in achieving victory"
Our railway brigade, called the 29th separate railway brigade, played a huge role. I will give you one fact from the Great Patriotic War. When our troops entered Berlin, all the bridges on the way to the most important Reichstag were destroyed. Then the command was given to restore all bridges as soon as possible so that everything needed to take the Reichstag could be transported by rail. Within a few days, the railway troops restored the entire transport infrastructure. The first train, and this happened on April 25, 1945, in the midst of the battles for Berlin, for the Reichstag, was led by our sergeant Andrey Lesnikov to the Berlin-Lichtenberg station, thereby, I think, brought our victory in the Great Patriotic War closer. Fulfilling these, without exaggeration, strategic tasks to ensure rail transportation, our railroad troops entered the annals of the Great Patriotic War. A lot has been done. After the Great Patriotic War, our brigade was engaged in restoration issues, being in Vilnius, then relocated to Moscow, then to Bryansk. Now in Smolensk it has carried out and is carrying out all the tasks that our commanders set before us.
E. O.: As I understand it, not only combat missions. You must be doing restoration work. It would be very interesting to know which ones.
A.N.: After the Great Patriotic War, our brigade carried out restoration work. This is the restoration of bridges, various overpasses. On present stage this is the Baikal-Amur Mainline, in which we participated and did enough to open the line, trains ran, connecting the West and the East. At the present stage, we have the task of carrying out activities for a regular purpose. There are facilities where we carry out the tasks of restoring and repairing railway tracks.
E. O.: Crimean bridge is not included here?
A.N.: No, not included.
E. O.: Igor Yurievich, join us. It is interesting to know your opinion.
I.K.: In general, we can say that a comprehensive, balanced development of the armed forces is taking place today. It is impossible to single out any particular type or type of troops, because the modern military mechanism is very complex. Here, each element has its own purpose. If we are talking, for example, about the logistics system of the Russian Armed Forces, of which the railway troops are also an integral part, it is important to ensure a balance. We have a system of military airfields, there is a need for the delivery of troops and cargo, there is a need for the transport infrastructure arrangement of the theater of military operations. All this is being done again in the interests not only of defense, but also in the interests of the national economic complex. The same railway troops, building new branches, carry out other activities. They act and create it in peacetime conditions. Let's remember who is now building a bypass railway around the territory of Ukraine? This also makes the rear of the armed forces. This is a key element in strengthening our transport infrastructure.
E. O.: Very worthy. Concluding the program, let me remind you that today Russia is celebrating the Day of Railway Troops. Alexey Gennadievich, then, maybe you will congratulate the military?
A.N.: Taking this opportunity, I would like to congratulate from the bottom of my heart all veterans of the railway troops, active officers, warrant officers, contract servicemen, conscripts on this holiday!
"165 years is a huge figure. Behind this figure are huge tasks that we are fulfilling"
On this holiday, I would like to wish everyone good health, family well-being, a peaceful sky over their heads, prosperity in everything and good luck in all deeds and undertakings, as well as further success in serving the Motherland and Fatherland.
E. O.: The program "General Staff" was on the air. Elena Oya was at the microphone. Our guest today was a military expert, the editor-in-chief of the National Defense magazine, Igor Korotchenko, and the commander of a separate railway brigade, Colonel Alexei Naleikin.
Railway Troops of the Russian Federation- special troops designed to restore, build, operate, technically cover and block railways in order to ensure the combat activities of the Armed Forces and the uninterrupted operation of railway transport both in peacetime and in wartime. The railway troops are not organizationally part of the Ministry of Railways, but closely cooperate with its structures in matters of ensuring uninterrupted activity, the necessary carrying capacity and survivability of existing and construction of new railways.
The Railway Troops consist of the Federal Service of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (FSZHV Russia) formations, military units, research institutions, organizations and military vocational education institutions. FSZhV has in its structure the office of the director of the Federal Service - the commander of the railway troops of the Russian Federation, the headquarters of the railway troops and independent departments and departments. FSGW, created in 1995 (instead of federal government railroad troops, operating since 1992 as government agency at the Ministry of Railways), directly supervises the railway. hulls, as well military units and institutions of central subordination.
The date of formation of the railway troops of Russia is considered to be August 6. 1851 - the day when Nicholas I approved the Regulations on the composition of the management of the St. Petersburg-Moscow railway, on the basis of which 14 military workers, 2 conductors and 1 telegraph company were formed. These were the world's first military railway formations. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 19, 1996 No. 1040 "On the establishment of the Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation" announced August 6 as such a day. In 2001, on this day, the 150th anniversary of the railway troops in Russia was solemnly celebrated. The first permanent railway battalion in the Russian army was created in 1876, two more battalions - in 1877. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. the railway troops gained the first significant experience in the restoration, construction and operation of front-line railways on the territory of Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey, created the first transshipment area at the junction of roads with different gauges. In 1880-1888. in difficult conditions - in the zone of shifting sands and deserts - military railway workers built and then operated the island Trans-Caspian railway from the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea to Samarkand with a length of approx. 1500 km.
In 1903, military formations were transferred from the Main Engineering Directorate to the submission of the General Staff. IN Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905 troops ensured the operation of the CER, built and operated narrow-gauge railways in Manchuria. During the First World War 1911-1914. the role and number of railway troops increased significantly. Each front included 2-3 railway brigades, which carried out work on the restoration, barrier and construction of new roads. For the first time, head repair trains were formed in the Ministry of Railways, which, together with the troops, participated in the restoration work. By the end of the war, the number of railway troops was approx. 130 thousand people.
The Red Army Railway Troops were created in October. 1918 in the form of separate companies, in 1919 they were reorganized into divisions and consolidated into brigades. In 1918-1920. military formations of railway workers restored 22 thousand km of track, more than 3 thousand bridges, repaired more than 16.5 thousand wagons and ensured the operation of front roads. For military merit, 5 divisions were awarded the Honorary Red Banners of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. In the 20-30s. railway troops participated in the construction of new lines Orsha-Lepel A32 km), Chernihiv-Ovruch A80 km); led the restoration of the railways of the Caucasus, Central Asia and Far East. In 1932, a Special Corps of Railway Troops was formed, numbering 68 thousand people, for the construction and reconstruction of roads in the Urals and the Far East on the instructions of the NKPS. At the same time, part of the formations was subordinate to the NPO of the USSR (Office of Military Communications).
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. as part of the railway troops, there were 13 brigades with a total strength of approx. 100 thousand people. By the end of July 1941, their number had increased to 170,000. Most of the units were sent to the fronts to block and technically cover roads. During the counteroffensives of our troops near Moscow, Rostov and Tikhvin, the railway troops began to restore roads in the territory liberated from the enemy. Due to the fact that the dual subordination of military formations made their work difficult, the State Defense Committee on January 3. In 1942, he adopted Decree No. 1095 "On the restoration of railways", according to which all railway troops were subordinate to the NKPS, in which the Main Directorate of Military Restoration Works (GUVVR) was created. It also included special formations of the NKPS, and the Directorates of Military Restoration and Barrage Works (UVVR) were created to lead the railway troops of the fronts. To lead the troops within the GUVVR, the Directorate and Headquarters of the Railway Troops were created. Special formations were transferred to the position of military units.
A bright page in the history of the troops will remain their actions on the Leningrad front during the blockade of the city. Along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Finland, the troops built 28 km of defensive lines, blocking the approaches to the city from the side of the bay. In the shortest possible time, a railway was built from Shlisselburg to Polyany with a total length of 33 km. Leningraders called this route "Road of Victory", along which 4,700 trains passed in 1943 alone, delivering 4.4 million various cargoes to Leningrad. The construction of the Lyubytino-Nebolchi line E3 km) in the summer of 1942 and the reconstruction of the Tikhvin-Budogoshch line G5 km) in 1943 were also of great importance, providing access from the Oktyabrskaya to the Northern Railway bypassing the city.
From July 1942 to January 1st. In 1943, 3269 echelons with troops and 1052 trains with ammunition, weapons, fuel, food, medicines and other material and technical means were delivered to the Stalingrad region. Soldiers-railroad workers and fighters of the special formations of the NKPS on the Stalingrad, South-Western and Voronezh fronts restored a total of about 3 thousand kilometers of track and more than 300 bridges.
In the area of the Kursk Bulge, at the request of the Military Council of the front, the State Defense Committee decided to build the Stary Oskol-Saraevka line with a length of 70 km (the task was completed in record time - 32 days). Unprecedented in bridge restoration practice was the construction of a low-water bridge across the Dnieper near Kyiv; the 1059 m long bridge was built in 13 days (7 days earlier than planned) with a construction rate of 81.5 m per day. On the territory of Germany, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Czechoslovakia, railroad soldiers restored approx. 24 thousand km of railways.
The military work of railway soldiers was highly appreciated: 18 formations and units were awarded orders, the 28th railway brigade was transformed into the 1st guards brigade (commander N. V. Borisov), a number of formations and units received honorary titles. About 40 thousand military railway workers were awarded orders and medals, V.P. Miroshnichenko was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union, 26 soldiers - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. After the war, units of the railway troops continued to carry out intensive restoration work; especially significant was the contribution to the restoration of railway facilities in Donbass. Military railroad workers helped restore rail transport in countries of Eastern Europe(Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary). One of the large objects, which in the first post-war years railroad soldiers restored, there was a bridge across the Danube near Belgrade.
During the first post-war five-year plan, the builders of the railway troops laid 6320 km of tracks, overhauled 2632 bridges, 227 locomotive depots, 57 stations and 437 thousand m2 of living space. A lot of work was invested in the development of the railway sections of the Moscow region coal basin, in the restoration and reconstruction of the Moscow-Leningrad, Moscow-Kiev, Moscow-Smolensk lines, the roads of the Caucasus, Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, the Kizel-Perm line.
At the beginning of 1950, the GUVVR was disbanded, the railway troops became special troops of the Armed Forces of the USSR, subordinate to the Ministry of Railways in matters of production activities, and since 1954 - to the Ministry of Transport Construction of the USSR; in relation to the organization and service of troops, combat, political, special and mobilization readiness - to the military ministry of the country. In 1953-1956. railroad warriors laid a 700-kilometer Trans-Mongolian highway that connected the city of Ulaanbaatar with the south of the country - the city of Dzamyn-Ude. From 1953 to 1965, 1720 km of virgin railways, 30 machine and tractor stations, 33 grain warehouses were built.
In difficult conditions, the construction of the Abakan-Taishet line, rightly called the "route of courage", was going on. This 650-kilometer railway was the final part of the South Siberian Railway and provided a second exit from Eastern Siberia to Kuzbass, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. At the end of Oct. 1965 The first electric locomotive went from Taishet to Abakan. From March 1959 to April. 1967, lines were laid through the taiga and swampy regions of the Urals and the Tyumen north, including Tyumen-Surgut, which gave access to rich oil and gas fields Western Siberia, as well as the largest new building of the 20th century. - Baikal-Amur Mainline. Construction of the line in 1974-1984 from Tynda station to Komsomolsk-on-Amur - the Eastern section of the BAM - were military units. In a solemn atmosphere on 28 April. In 1984, the “golden link” was laid, the Eastern section was docked, and on 27 October. 1984 traffic was opened along the entire Baikal-Amur Mainline. During the construction period, more than 1,449 km of the main track and 330 km of station tracks were laid, earthworks in the amount of more than 220 thousand m3 were completed, 1,217 artificial structures were built (including 45 large and 296 medium bridges). On Eastern section BAM there were new cities and towns, 25 operating stations and 69 sidings. In total, over the years of construction, more than 440 thousand m2 of housing was commissioned, 21 schools, 27 kindergartens and nurseries were built. The work of the military at BAM was highly appreciated: thousands of railroad soldiers were awarded orders and the medal “For the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline”, and generals and officers G.I. Kogatko, V.V. Kupriyanov, M.K. N. Palchuk, A. A. Shvantsev were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
The railway troops showed high readiness when performing special tasks to eliminate the consequences of natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes in the 1990s, taking part in ensuring survivability and increasing the capacity of the railway during the aftermath Chernobyl disaster, earthquakes in Armenia, etc. By decision of the Government of the Russian Federation since Jan. 1995 to Dec. In 1996, military railway workers performed the tasks of restoring and maintaining the railways in the Chechen Republic in readiness for operation.
The railway troops of the country were headed by prominent military figures: I. I. Fedorov A918-1919), E. F. Domnin A919-1920), N. A. Prosvirov A942-1945), P. A. Kabanov A945-1968), A. M. Kryukov A968-1983), M.K. Makartsev A983-1991), since 1992 - G.I. Kogatko.
In other countries, the Armed Forces also include railway troops, which have various names and subordination.
The Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation is a professional holiday for military personnel, those liable for military service, workers and employees (civilian personnel) of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (ZhDV Armed Forces of Russia). This professional holiday is celebrated in our country annually on August 6. In 2017, the holiday date coincides with the Day of the Railwayman, which is traditionally celebrated in Russia on the first Sunday of August.
For the first time, the date of the holiday was officially established by the Decree of the President of Russia of July 19, 1996 "On the Establishment of the Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation." Currently, the holiday is celebrated as a memorable day in accordance with the decree of July 18, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation".
Railway Troops are special troops whose mission is the construction, restoration, operation and technical cover of railways that are used for military transportation. These formations have been taking theirs since August 6, 1851, when Russian emperor Nicholas I, at the final stage of the construction of the St. Petersburg-Moscow railway, approved the Regulations on the composition of the management of this railway. Hence the modern date of the celebration - August 6. In accordance with this provision, the first special military units intended for the operation and protection of the railway. They were ordered to protect the stations, bridges and transport hubs of the new road. For more than 160 years, military railway workers in our country have selflessly and selflessly served in the interests of their Fatherland.
Already in the course Russian-Turkish war In 1877-1878 military railroad workers ensured continuous supply of the Russian army formations along the specially built railway section of Bendery-Galati. The railway troops also played a very important role during the First World War, during which they built about 300 kilometers of broad-gauge railways and about 4,000 kilometers of narrow-gauge railways. Also, the railway troops restored more than 4.6 thousand kilometers of tracks.
After October revolution In 1917, a new stage began in the life of the railway troops. The Railway Troops of the Red Army were created already on October 5, 1918, after their formation was announced by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic. In the years of peace after completion civil war in Russia, they were engaged in the reconstruction of existing and construction of new railway lines. Their contribution to the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War for the Soviet Union was also significant. Soviet railway units and formations managed to distinguish themselves in a special way during the defense of Leningrad, Moscow, as well as in Battle of Stalingrad, the Battle of Kursk and other strategic operations on the territory of the USSR and the countries of Eastern Europe. Performing their tasks in extremely difficult, very often combat conditions, they managed to restore about 120 thousand kilometers of tracks, as well as more than 15 thousand bridges, built more than 10 thousand kilometers of new railway tracks, neutralized and destroyed more than two million land mines and mines, contributing to the safety of railway transportation .
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the railway troops took Active participation in the restoration and reconstruction of railways destroyed by the war and the construction of new highways. The most significant of them are the railway lines Kizel - Perm, Ust-Kamenogorsk - Zyryanovsk, Abakan - Taishet, Tyumen - Surgut, Ivdel - Ob, Trans-Mongolian Mainline, Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). At the same time, it must be remembered that every 9th kilometer of railways in the USSR was electrified with the help of military railway workers. At the same time, units of the railway troops were regularly involved in the elimination of the consequences of natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes, including man-made ones. In particular, military railway workers worked to eliminate the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the earthquake in Armenia, and the flood in the Crimean region of the Krasnodar Territory.
In the period from 1991 to 2005, the railway troops were part of the power component Russian state, but were outside the size of the Armed Forces of the country. So in September 1995, by decree Russian President was formed federal Service railway troops of the Russian Federation. This management structure existed until the integration of the railway troops back into the Armed Forces, the integration took place in 2005. On November 27, 2010, by order of the Minister of Defense of the country, the Regulations on the Main Directorate of the Chief of the Railway Troops were approved.
The modern railway troops, according to their organizational structure, include the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops, as well as the Directorates of the Railway Troops of the military districts. As part of the Russian railway troops, there are separate railway brigades of constant readiness, as well as units of central subordination. At this stage in the development of the Russian Armed Forces, the Main Directorate of the Chief of the Railway Troops is part of the structure of the central apparatus of the Logistics Support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (MTO of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation).
In their work, military railway workers actively use special equipment: overhead cranes, track layers, drilling and blasting equipment. Only in 2013-2014, the Russian railway troops received more than 500 vehicles and 40 units of various engineering weapons. As a result, the share of modern (with a service life of up to 6 years) models of automotive equipment for general use was increased to 35%. In general, like all the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the railway troops are actively re-equipping. In accordance with the current program of the State Defense Order until 2020, the share of new equipment in the troops should be increased to 75%. At the same time, the number of railway troops in Russia today is about 23 thousand people, of which about 5 thousand people are contract soldiers.
In 2013-2014, the Russian railway troops repaired about 140 kilometers of non-public railway tracks every year. It can also be noted that in 2015, a grouping of railway troops began the process of building a section of the Zhuravka-Millerovo railway in the territory of the Voronezh and Rostov regions Russia. They are building a road around Ukraine. Trains traveling from Moscow in the direction of Rostov-on-Don and Sochi were forced to overcome the section of the Lugansk region without stopping. The length of the new road under construction will be 122.5 kilometers; traffic on the new branch can be launched as early as mid-August 2017.
It should be noted that the main goal of improving the railway troops of Russia until 2020 is to give them an innovative look that will meet the needs of providing armed protection. national interests Russia, in accordance with the mobilization and economic capabilities of our country.
On this day, the Military Review team congratulates all military personnel, civilian personnel and veterans whose life path is still associated or was previously associated with the railway troops, with their professional holiday. Properly continue glorious traditions Russian railway troops, because your work in the construction of railway lines is important not only for the army, it also provides serious support to the socio-economic development of the country.
Based on materials from open sources
