The growing geopolitical tension in the region caused the Russian leadership, for the first time in many years, to seriously talk about modernizing the army of reservists, more precisely, about creating a fundamentally new management institution specializing in studying and organizing the country's mobilization potential. Now it is still difficult to talk about the actual timing of the project. Yes, a relevant law has been adopted and a presidential decree has been published. But the flywheel of the system is just gaining momentum.
Many experts, as well as ordinary citizens, are already interested in the nuances of this program. AND main question, raised at all levels - this, of course, is the age of reservists in the Russian army. According to military analysts, speculation on this topic in the media mass media led to the fact that objective information was lost against the general background of the presented picture of the day. As a result, there was an urgent need for an explanatory conversation with an accentuated placement of all dots over the "i".
Formation of an army of reservists: potential applicants
According to the decree of the President, the following categories of citizens are subject to mandatory military recruitment:
- persons transferred to the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
- former university students who have undergone comprehensive training and received officer ranks;
- men who did not serve in the ranks of the Russian army due to exemption from conscription;
- women with a military specialty;
- persons who had a deferment at the time of the call, as well as those who received the right to carry an alternative;
- military personnel dismissed without registration.
In addition, a separate provision of the decree defines the maximum age until which reservists will be recruited in Russia - 60 years.
The purpose of the reorganization of the training system for reservists
The reform launched last year has far-reaching plans. The primary task is to eliminate the bureaucratic confusion inherent in the modern Russian army, and in the future - to turn the reservists into a kind of universal soldier capable of getting into line in a matter of hours without losing the functionality and controllability of the units.
But the ambitions of the leadership of the General Staff are not limited to this.
The main idea is to withdraw the reserve troops to new stage evolution: to establish a level of mutual understanding between the active combat formations and the rear services, at which, in the event of the start of real hostilities, one will not have to deal with the reprofiling of personnel. Simply put, the policy of educating a “multi-vector” soldier and a specialist officer will be cultivated at military training camps, equally prepared both for solving purely combat missions and for performing functions inherent in civilian law enforcement agencies.
Since the "universalization" of man implies Long procces education, already now in the Presidential Administration, in the Government and in both houses of Parliament there are tough discussions about what should be in 10-15 years average age reservists in the Russian army: 20-34 years old, as in most Western countries, or 30-45.
Military training: exercises or combat experience?
The military training program is not a constant. Even within one calendar year, completely different training algorithms can be drawn up for the same types of troops.
The situation in the world is constantly changing, so it would be wrong to build exercises according to the same scheme. And the age of the reservists in the Russian army, of course, plays a role. People who have become accustomed to the hardships and hardships of military service are far from always able to fulfill the standard the first time, which was specially calculated under physical abilities a healthy 20 year old boy. And this is another reason to think about whether to start rejuvenating the army of reservists.
The new "army" law that publishes today " Russian newspaper", radically changes the system of stay in the reserve of citizens liable for military service.
We are talking about the creation in Russia of a professional mobilization human reserve. His army command and the leadership of some law enforcement agencies will be called under their banners during a war, major exercises or emergencies.
No one is going to re-drive people who have already served in the army into the barracks. For a long time to tear them away from home and work - too. The law provides for the strictly voluntary entry of reserve troops into the reserve army. That is, the mobilization reserve will include only those who themselves have expressed their desire to do so.
It might look like this. Before being transferred to the reserve, the commander will offer the soldier to sign a contract, according to which yesterday's fighter undertakes to return to duty from time to time. Another possible way is the recruitment of contract reservists through military registration and enlistment offices. Officers, including graduates of military departments of civilian universities, will also be able to become full-time storekeepers.
In order to interest people in "extra-term" service, they will be paid a certain amount every month. At first, the deputies believed that, depending on the military specialty and army rank, a reservist should be given a fixed salary. But after the increase in the monetary allowance of the military several times, the financial approaches to this issue have changed somewhat.
The salary of the reservists will be established by the government of the Russian Federation. But according to the law, it cannot be lower than 10 percent of the salary for a military position, for which a person is assigned to a military unit, and the salary for a military rank, - Admiral Vladimir Komoyedov, chairman of the State Duma Committee on Defense, explained to the RG correspondent.
According to legislators, the purse of the storekeepers can thus be replenished monthly in the amount of 5 to 8 thousand rubles - depending on the rank and military position of the reservist.
During the training period, they will keep their average salary in civilian life. In addition, the "partisans" will receive money as ordinary contract soldiers. For such people, additional payments were also introduced, in particular, the regional coefficient and the monthly allowance for continuous stay in the reserve. It varies from 10 to 50 percent of the military salary.
The law also provides for a one-time payment at the conclusion of a new "reserve" contract. The main thing is that the storekeeper's wallet will be replenished, regardless of whether he is working or is currently in a military unit.
Under the new rules, the reservist will need to conclude the first contract for 3 years. Then this period can be extended to five years. However, to be listed as a "partisan" indefinitely will not work. The law introduces strict age limits for staying in a mobile reserve. With soldiers-sailors and warrant officers-midshipmen of the reserve, who are over 42 years old, the contract simply will not be signed. Officers in the rank of junior lieutenant to captain have a chance to start reserve service before the age of 47. Major lieutenant colonels - up to 52 years old, colonels and caperangs - up to 57 years old.
For some citizens, the path there is completely closed. This applies to people who have a deferment from mobilization and are exempt from military training. And also those who have an outstanding or unexpunged conviction, are under investigation or are the defendant in a criminal case.
The formation of a mobile reserve in Russia will begin with the creation of a second front for the Armed Forces. This year the General Staff will organize in some military units an experiment to recruit and train a total of 5,000 reservists.
If the first pancake does not come out lumpy, new system will fully work in Russia in a couple of years. In 2015, according to the plans of the General Staff, the Armed Forces should have 8,600 professional reserves on hand. Then it will be the turn of recruiting a personnel reserve in other power ministries and departments.
As for the officers, soldiers and sergeants of the reserve, who did not express a desire to sign a contract for service in the mobile reserve, they will be included in the so-called mobilization human resource. Staying there will not bring additional money to people. They will still remain liable for military service, but they will become less likely to be called to army training camps than reservists. And in an emergency, they will be put under arms in the second place.
Dossier "RG"
Formation of a well-trained mobilization reserve- the generally accepted practice of leading Western countries. Its staff in Germany, France, Great Britain and the USA even exceeds the size of the armed forces.
In America, the role of the "second front" is played by the National Guard. In addition, the army and air force have their own manpower reserves. In the Ministry of the Navy, the reserve is divided between the fleet, marines and the Coast Guard.
Americans serve in the reserve voluntarily, without fail signing a contract with the military command.
In Russia, the formation of a professional mobilization reserve begins. "Partisans" who signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense will receive wages and a number of compensations, but at the same time they will be required to visit special classes and annually undergo military training. If necessary, the existing units will be understaffed by reservists, as well as new ones will be formed. The creation of a full-fledged professional mobilization reserve will positively affect the strengthening of the state's defense capability, military experts believe.
The Russian Ministry of Defense told Izvestia journalists that from 2018 the mobilization reserve system in our country will begin to work in full. The normative acts necessary for this have been adopted earlier. Thus, the Ministry of Defense has already conducted an experiment on the formation of an organized mobilization reserve in certain regions of Russia. The experiment lasted almost two years, its results are estimated as successful.
The decree "On the creation of a mobilization manpower reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" was signed by the President of Russia on July 17, 2015. The first paragraph of this decree just ordered the creation of a mobilization manpower reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the period of the experiment on the introduction of a new system for the preparation and accumulation of mobilization manpower. The very mechanism for attracting citizens to new structures and the conditions of contracts concluded with them are spelled out in the law “On military service and military service”, it says that soldiers and reserve officers who have passed a medical commission can become reservists.
It is worth noting that the mobilization reserve exists in the armies of many countries of the world, this is a very common practice. For example, in the United States, the number of reservists practically corresponds to the number of regular armed forces. The reserve components include the reserves of all five branches of the armed forces, as well as the ground forces and the US Air National Guard. At the same time, the US National Guard itself, whose servicemen combine combat training with work in their main specialty, is an organized reserve. There is also an unorganized (individual) reserve, which consists of persons with sufficient military earnings, that is, those who have recently graduated military service and does not require additional training.
In general, it can be noted that the formation of a mobilization reserve of people signing a contract with the Russian Ministry of Defense is another step towards the formation of a modern professional army in the country. IN Russian army the number of contractors already exceeds the number of conscripts. On November 7, 2017, the Chief of the General Staff, General of the Army Valery Gerasimov, said that the number of contract soldiers in the troops had doubled over the past 5 years and amounted to 384,000 people.
According to plans, by the end of 2018, 425,000 contract soldiers, 220,000 officers and 50,000 ensigns and midshipmen should serve in the Russian army. Thus, the share of professional servicemen will reach 70%.
At present, military registration and enlistment offices are responsible for the formation of the mobilization reserve. Not all of them have started the corresponding work yet. At the same time, in some, for example, in Rostov region Reservists are already being recruited. In the military registration and enlistment office of Novoshakhtinsk in the Rostov region, reserve servicemen can already sign a contract for service in the reserve. As the Izvestia newspaper notes with reference to the military registration and enlistment office of Novoshakhtinsk, for this, citizens need to appear at the military registration and enlistment office, having a military ID and passport with them.
After signing the contract, the reserve serviceman will be required to undergo special training 2-3 days every month and annual training camps lasting from 20 to 30 days. It will be possible to call on the service of a person from the mobilization reserve at any time: in the case of major exercises, the announcement of a special or threatened period, emergency situations or simply with an acute shortage of military specialists in units.
Previously, an experiment on the formation of a new mobilization reserve took place in some regions of Russia. The Northern Fleet also participated in the experiment, actively cooperating with the military registration and enlistment offices of the Murmansk region. The purpose of the experiment, which started in the Northern Fleet in August 2015, was to improve the existing system of training and accumulation of mobilization human resources.
In an interview with the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, the head of the organizational and mobilization department (OMD) of the headquarters Northern Fleet captain 1st rank Vladimir Kondratov said that the first contract to the mobilization reserve on a voluntary basis is signed for 3 years, subsequent contracts - for up to 5 years. At the same time, there are age restrictions for reservists, they are for each category of citizens who are in reserve. For example, soldiers, sailors, sergeants, midshipmen and warrant officers can conclude the first contract for being in the mobilization reserve at the age of 42, junior officers - up to 47 years, senior officers - up to 57 years.
The main difference between the new approach to the formation of a mobilization reserve is that when mobilization is announced, the reservist himself must arrive at the military unit, bypassing the military registration and enlistment offices, and begin to fulfill his duties in his position according to the staff category. In addition, the reservist once a year goes to military training camps lasting up to 30 days, and every month for one to three days various training sessions are held with him according to the plans. military units and connections to which the reservist is assigned in accordance with the contract. At the same time, the total duration of the collections is taken into account, which cannot exceed 54 days for a year of stay in the mobilization reserve.
The new system of an organized mobilization reserve will make it possible to train and then maintain highly qualified personnel in combat readiness, ensuring the rapid transfer of personnel to different theaters of military operations, where there will be a need to deploy new formations, but there is not enough local mobilization resource. According to military expert Viktor Murakhovsky, the new personnel recruitment system will improve the defense capability Far East. Parts of the region have the technology, but there is a shortage of manpower.
money question
According to Izvestia, soldiers and officers entering the mobilization reserve will receive a lump sum payment upon signing a contract: for a three-year period - in the amount of a salary, for 5 years or more - 1.5 times more. The salary of a professional reservist will consist of his official salary, regional coefficient and payments for the rank.
For example, a platoon commander with the rank of senior lieutenant in the central part Russian Federation will receive 27.5 thousand rubles. The commander of the department with the rank of sergeant in the Kemerovo region (there is a regional allowance: "northern" - 30 percent) - 25.3 thousand rubles. True, in full this amount of money will be paid only during the passage of military training. In the rest of the period, that is, 11 months a year, contract reservists will be paid only 12 percent of the salary. In this case, a senior lieutenant from the Central part of Russia will receive 3.3 thousand rubles a month, a sergeant in the Kemerovo region - 3.036 thousand rubles.
This payment procedure is provided for by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On establishing the amount of the monthly salary for citizens of the Russian Federation who are in the mobilization human reserve, except for the period of military training” dated December 23, 2015. During the training camp, the state guarantees the reservist the preservation of the average salary or stipend. In addition, it will take on all the costs of renting housing, paying travel fees and returning home, travel expenses.
There are separate allowances for years of service. For example, 3 years after being included in the mobilization reserve, reservists will be able to receive an additional 10 percent of their salary. Over the years, this payment will grow, the maximum allowance - 50 percent - will be available after 20 years of continuous being in the mobilization reserve.
How will it work
An important difference, which has already been mentioned above, will be that the reservist will be assigned to a specific military unit or to the TsOMR - the Center for Providing Mobilization Deployment, where he will be training. This is one of the main advantages of the personnel reserve. It is impossible to create truly combat-ready and trained units, when the fighters are well acquainted with each other (at least at the level of squads and crews) and have real experience of interaction in the framework of training and military training, it is impossible due to the usual reserves that appear in the army at best once in many years of being in stock.
Military expert Vladislav Shurygin, commenting on the formation of a mobilization reserve to Izvestia journalists, noted that there are such concepts as current and temporary shortages (TNK and VNK). For example, a serviceman was transferred to a new duty station, but no one has been appointed to his place yet. This is a temporary kit. And if a soldier falls ill and is no longer able to perform his direct duties, this is the current shortage. Thus, TNK and VNK can significantly influence the combat effectiveness of military units.
For example, a battalion may lack not only a few mechvods and machine gunners, but also a company commander. Their absence will significantly affect the ability of this battalion to solve combat missions. There are also positions that are introduced only in case of war, for example, assistant machine gunner. In peacetime, such positions are not needed, but in combat conditions they are necessary. Contract reservists who have signed a contract and are assigned to a specific military unit will be able to replace TNK and VNK, their other task will be to make up for losses in wartime.
Separately, experts single out the fate of the bases for the storage and repair of military equipment (BKhRVT), which will be disbanded. Until recently, the Ground Forces alone had more than 40 such bases (14 motorized rifle bases). At present, the reorganization of motorized rifle BHiRVT is already underway in Russia. About a third of them are closed. Mostly, they used to only store equipment, while the staffing of such bases did not allow maintaining the stored equipment in proper technical condition. Now, in the TsOMRs created on their basis, they will also store military equipment, and train reservists. If necessary, such centers will be transformed into full-fledged formations and military units.
It is known that a new modern infrastructure will be built for the Centers. So, back in 2016, the Russian Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the design of a new BHiRVT located on Sakhalin. This project can be called an illustration of what the mobilization deployment support center will look like. The military camp planned for construction near the village of Dachnoye will be equipped with barracks to accommodate 521 soldiers and sergeants, a headquarters and training building, a parking area of 700,000 square meters, heated storage for 1.2 thousand parking spaces, as well as warehouses for rocket and artillery weapons and property. Special areas for storage and repair of equipment will also be built. This infrastructure will make it possible, in the event of training camps, to accept a whole battalion of reservists without any problems, to conduct the necessary exercises and work on the planned maintenance of military equipment with them.
Government of the Russian Federation decides:
1. Approve the attached Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization manpower reserve.
2. Financial support for expenditure obligations related to the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve, to be carried out at the expense of budgetary appropriations provided for by the federal budget to the relevant federal executive bodies.
Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev
Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve
I. General provisions
1. This Regulation determines the procedure for the admission of citizens of the Russian Federation who are in the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in the reserve of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, in the reserve Federal Service security of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as citizens), to the mobilization human reserve (hereinafter referred to as the reserve) in peacetime, stay in the reserve, exclusion from the reserve, as well as the conclusion of a contract on staying in the reserve (hereinafter referred to as the contract) and its termination.
2. The stay of citizens in the reserve provides for appointment to a military position, assignment military rank, attestation and qualification exam, as well as participation in operational, mobilization and combat training events during military training.
3. The admission of citizens to the reserve is carried out by concluding a contract.
II. The procedure for concluding a contract and terminating it
4. The contract is concluded between a citizen and on behalf of the Russian Federation by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation or other federal executive body in which federal law military service is provided for, represented by the commander (chief) of the military unit (hereinafter referred to as the relevant official) in the form according to the appendix.
The head of the federal executive body, in which military service is provided for by federal law, may indicate in the contract additional obligations of citizens who have concluded a contract in the prescribed manner (hereinafter referred to as reservists), provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
5. The contract comes into force from the date of its signing by the relevant official. An appropriate order is issued on the conclusion of the contract.
6. The term of a citizen's stay in the reserve is established by the contract in accordance with the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law) and expires on the corresponding month and date last year contract term.
If the expiration of the period of stay in the reserve falls on a month in which there is no corresponding date, the specified period expires on the last day of this month.
7. The contract is drawn up in 2 copies, each of which is signed by the persons who have concluded it. The signature of the relevant official who signed the contract shall be affixed with the official seal of the military unit.
The first copy of the contract after its entry into force is attached to the personal file of the reservist, which is stored in the military unit, the second copy is issued to the reservist.
The notification of the conclusion of the contract is sent to the department for the municipality of the military commissariat of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the department (municipal), to the body that carries out military registration in the bodies of the federal security service, to the appropriate structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, where the reservist is on the military accounting.
8. An entry on the termination of the contract, indicating the date and reason for its termination, is made in the first copy of the contract, located in the personal file of the reservist, by the relevant official, sealed with his signature and official seal.
A notice of termination of the contract shall be sent to the (municipal) department, to the body that carries out military registration in the bodies of the federal security service, to the appropriate structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, where the reservist is on military registration.
9. A citizen who has expressed a desire to conclude a contract submits an application to the department (municipal) or to the body that carries out military registration with the federal security service, to the appropriate structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, where he is registered with the military, or to a military unit .
10. The application shall indicate:
a) last name, first name and patronymic of the citizen, day, month and year of his birth;
b) registration at the place of residence (stay);
c) military registration specialty and military position;
d) the name of the federal executive body with which the citizen intends to conclude a contract.
11. Together with the application, the citizen presents a document proving his identity and citizenship of the Russian Federation, as well as:
a) military ID (military ID of a reserve officer);
b) a questionnaire filled out in the prescribed form;
c) an autobiography written by hand in free form;
d) copies of the work book, documents confirming professional or other education, duly certified;
e) service reference from the last place of work (study), if the citizen is temporarily not working, - from the authority local government at the place of his residence (place of stay);
f) duly certified copies of marriage certificates and birth certificates of children.
12. The list and form of additional documents submitted by a citizen who has expressed a desire to conclude a contract may be established by the heads of federal executive bodies in which military service is provided for by federal law.
13. The department (municipal), the body that carries out military registration in the bodies of the federal security service, the corresponding structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation accept for consideration the applications received from citizens.
A citizen whose application is accepted for consideration is a candidate entering the reserve (hereinafter referred to as the candidate).
The department (municipal) draws up a personal file for the candidate in the manner determined for military commissariats by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
14. The head of the department (municipal) considers the accepted application within a month and makes a decision to conduct a medical examination of the candidate and consider his candidacy by the commission of the department (municipal) for the selection of citizens entering the reserve (hereinafter referred to as the commission for the selection of candidates).
15. The following duties are assigned to the head of the department (municipal):
a) organization of paperwork and preparation of requests to public authorities in order to carry out the necessary checks;
b) organization of interaction with the heads of organizations (enterprises) on the selection and admission of citizens to the reserve (if necessary);
c) organizing the work of the commission for the selection of candidates and approving its decisions;
d) organizing the sending of citizens to military units for the conclusion of contracts.
16. The candidate (if necessary) goes through the procedure for obtaining access to information constituting a state secret in accordance with the established procedure.
17. Determination of the compliance of candidates selected by (municipal) departments with the requirements established by the Federal Law for those entering the reserve is assigned to the commission for the selection of candidates, appointed by order of the head of the (municipal) department.
The commission for the selection of candidates includes officials of the department (municipal), including the general practitioner of the department (municipal).
By order of the military commissar of a subject of the Russian Federation, the head of a department (municipal) is appointed chairman of the commission for the selection of candidates.
Representatives of the military units for which the selection is being carried out may take part in the work of the commissions for the selection of candidates.
18. The candidate is recognized by the commission for the selection of candidates as meeting or not meeting the requirements established by the Federal Law for those entering the reserve.
A copy of the decision of the commission for the selection of candidates must be issued to the citizen at his request within 3 days from the date of the decision.
19. A candidate recognized by the commission for the selection of candidates as meeting the requirements established by the Federal Law for entering the reserve receives an appropriate order from the head of the (municipal) department and is sent to the military unit to conclude a contract.
20. A candidate sent to a military unit to conclude a contract is provided with military transportation documents to and from the destination.
Military transportation documents for traveling to a military unit for the purpose of concluding a contract are provided to the candidate in the (municipal) department at the place of residence (stay), in the body of the federal security service, in the relevant structural unit Foreign intelligence services of the Russian Federation once during the period of stay in the reserve.
21. A citizen who has applied for admission to the reserve directly to a military unit, after consideration of his candidacy, is sent for selection and execution of documents to the (municipal) department, where he is registered with the military. A request is made to the citizen in the name of the head of the department (municipal), which is signed by the relevant official.
The selection of citizens for admission to the reserve from among the citizens who are in the reserve of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation is carried out by the indicated federal executive bodies.
22. In connection with the entry of citizens into the reserve, the following duties are assigned to the relevant official:
a) conclusion of contracts, taking into account the decision of the commission for the selection of candidates;
b) organization of the work of the attestation commission of the military unit (hereinafter referred to as the attestation commission) to determine the compliance of candidates with the requirements established by the Federal Law for those entering the reserve.
23. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation organizes interaction with the federal executive authorities, in which the federal law provides for military service, on the selection and admission of citizens to the reserve.
III. Reservist Certification Procedure and Qualifying Exam
24. For the purpose of a comprehensive and objective assessment of the reservist, determining his purpose, compliance with the military position he holds and the prospects for further stay in the reserve, certification is carried out.
25. The main tasks of certification of the reservist are:
a) determining the compliance of the reservist with the military position held and the prospects for his further stay in the reserve;
b) selection of a reservist for appointment to a military position and determination of the feasibility of concluding a new contract;
c) presenting a reservist for awarding departmental and state awards of the Russian Federation;
d) consideration of the grounds when presenting a reservist for early exclusion from the reserve.
26. The reservist is certified 3 months before the expiration of the term of stay in the reserve.
27. A certification sheet is drawn up for the certified reservist by the relevant official.
28. The reservist must be familiar with the content of the certification, which is signed in the approved certification sheet.
29. The relevant official is responsible for the objectivity of the attestation and the validity of the conclusions and recommendations presented in it.
30. Carrying out certification, as well as resolving other issues of the stay of citizens in the reserve in military units (having reserve personnel) are assigned to the certification commissions.
If necessary, the head of the federal executive body, which provides for a reserve, has the right to create attestation commissions in military command and control bodies.
31. The attestation commission issues conclusions on all issues under consideration in writing.
Appraisers, commanders (chiefs) of subdivisions under which appraisers are subordinate, and other officials may be invited to the meetings of the attestation commission, if necessary.
32. Features of the organization and conduct of attestation are determined by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.
33. To resolve the issue of assigning a class qualification to a reservist in the relevant specialty, a qualification exam is held.
34. The qualification exam is held in the prescribed form in order to assess the professional knowledge and skills of the reservist.
The reservist takes a qualifying exam as needed, but at least once every 3 years.
35. Qualification requirements for the professional knowledge and skills of reservists, the procedure for passing a qualification exam by reservists and assessing professional knowledge and skills, assignment, change and deprivation of class qualifications are determined by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.
IV. The order of exclusion from the reserve
36. A citizen subject to exclusion from the reserve must be excluded from the lists of personnel of the reserve of a military unit on the day of the expiration of his contract, with the exception of cases provided for in Article 57 of the Federal Law.
37. Exclusion from the reserve on the grounds provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 57 of the Federal Law is carried out in accordance with the conclusion of the attestation commission.
The procedure for submitting a reservist for exclusion from the reserve and drawing up the relevant documents is determined by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.
38. The stay in the reserve ends on the day the reservist is excluded from the lists of personnel of the reserve of the military unit.
An appropriate order is issued to expel a reservist from the reserve of a military unit.
V. The procedure for the performance of special and official duties by reservists
39. The performance of official duties of a reservist is carried out in accordance with federal laws, other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation, as well as official regulations.
40. The reservist is obliged to appear at the military unit within the time period specified in the mobilization order, agenda and (or) order of the military commissariat, to perform duties in the corresponding military position.
41. Reservists are involved in activities for operational, mobilization and combat training in the course of military training according to plans for the training of formations and military units, to which, in accordance with the contract, they are intended.
The frequency and duration of the involvement of reservists in these activities are established in accordance with the requirements of combat training programs developed by federal executive bodies in which military service is provided for by federal law.
42. The reservist is subject to conscription for military training in accordance with the Federal Law.
The total duration of military training, in which a reservist is involved, cannot exceed 24 months.
43. The job regulations of the reservist indicate:
a) qualification requirements for the level vocational education, length of stay in the reserve, professional knowledge and skills, health status necessary for the performance of official duties;
b) official duties, rights and responsibility of the reservist for failure to perform (improper performance) of official duties.
44. The results of the performance by the reservist of the job regulations are taken into account when he is included in the personnel reserve, when conducting attestation, qualifying exam, planning professional performance, as well as when applying incentive measures to him.
45. The procedure for the development and approval of official regulations is established by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.
In Russia, the formation of a professional mobilization reserve begins. "Partisans" who signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense will receive wages and a number of compensations, but they will be required to attend special classes every month and undergo military training annually. If necessary, the existing units will be understaffed by reservists, as well as new ones will be formed. The creation of a full-fledged professional mobilization reserve will positively affect the strengthening of the state's defense capability, military experts believe.
The Russian Ministry of Defense told reporters from the newspaper "" that from 2018 the mobilization reserve system in our country will begin to work in full. The normative acts necessary for this have been adopted earlier. Thus, the Ministry of Defense has already conducted an experiment on the formation of an organized mobilization reserve in certain regions of Russia. The experiment lasted almost two years, its results are estimated as successful. The decree "On the creation of a mobilization manpower reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" was signed by the President of Russia on July 17, 2015. The first paragraph of this decree just ordered the creation of a mobilization manpower reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the period of the experiment on the introduction of a new system for the preparation and accumulation of mobilization manpower. The very mechanism for attracting citizens to new structures and the terms of the contracts concluded with them are spelled out in the law “On military duty and military service”, it says that soldiers and reserve officers who have passed a medical commission can become reservists.
It is worth noting that the mobilization reserve exists in the armies of many countries of the world, this is a very common practice. For example, in the United States, the number of reservists practically corresponds to the number of regular armed forces. The reserve components include the reserves of all five branches of the armed forces, as well as the ground forces and the US Air National Guard. At the same time, the US National Guard itself, whose servicemen combine combat training with work in their main specialty, is an organized reserve. There is also an unorganized (individual) reserve, which consists of persons with sufficient military training, that is, those who have recently completed military service and do not need additional training.
In general, it can be noted that the formation of a mobilization reserve of people signing a contract with the Russian Ministry of Defense is another step towards the formation of a modern professional army in the country. In the Russian army, the number of contract soldiers already exceeds the number of conscripts. On November 7, 2017, the Chief of the General Staff, General of the Army Valery Gerasimov, said that the number of contract soldiers in the troops had doubled over the past 5 years and amounted to 384,000 people. According to plans, by the end of 2018, 425,000 contract soldiers, 220,000 officers and 50,000 ensigns and midshipmen should serve in the Russian army. Thus, the share of professional servicemen will reach 70 percent.
At present, military registration and enlistment offices are responsible for the formation of the mobilization reserve. Not all of them have started the corresponding work yet. At the same time, some, for example, in the Rostov region, are already recruiting reservists. In the military registration and enlistment office of Novoshakhtinsk in the Rostov region, reserve servicemen can already sign a contract for service in the reserve. As the Izvestia newspaper notes with reference to the military registration and enlistment office of Novoshakhtinsk, for this, citizens need to appear at the military registration and enlistment office, having a military ID and passport with them. After signing the contract, the reserve soldier will be required to undergo special training 2-3 days every month and annual training sessions lasting from 20 to 30 days. It will be possible to call on the service of a person from the mobilization reserve at any time: in the event of major exercises, the announcement of a special or threatened period, emergency situations, or simply in case of an acute shortage of military specialists in units.
Previously, an experiment on the formation of a new mobilization reserve took place in some regions of Russia. The Northern Fleet also participated in the experiment, actively cooperating with the military registration and enlistment offices of the Murmansk region. The purpose of the experiment, which started in the Northern Fleet in August 2015, was to improve the existing system of training and accumulation of mobilization human resources. In an interview with the newspaper "", the head of the organizational and mobilization department (OMU) of the headquarters of the Northern Fleet, Captain 1st Rank Vladimir Kondratov, said that the first contract to the mobilization reserve is signed on a voluntary basis for 3 years, subsequent contracts - for up to 5 years. At the same time, there are age restrictions for reservists, they are for each category of citizens who are in reserve. For example, soldiers, sailors, sergeants, midshipmen and warrant officers can conclude the first contract for being in the mobilization reserve at the age of 42, junior officers - up to 47 years, senior officers - up to 57 years.
The main difference between the new approach to the formation of a mobilization reserve is that when mobilization is announced, the reservist himself must arrive at the military unit, bypassing the military registration and enlistment offices, and begin to fulfill his duties in his position according to the staff category. In addition, the reservist once a year goes to military training camps lasting up to 30 days, and every month for one to three days various training sessions are held with him according to the plans of the military units and formations to which the reservist is assigned in accordance with the contract. At the same time, the total duration of the collections is taken into account, which cannot exceed 54 days for a year of stay in the mobilization reserve.
The new system of an organized mobilization reserve will make it possible to train and then maintain highly qualified personnel in combat readiness, ensuring the rapid transfer of personnel to different theaters of military operations, where there will be a need to deploy new formations, but there is not enough local mobilization resource. According to military expert Viktor Murakhovsky, the new personnel recruitment system will improve the defense capability of the Far East. Parts of the region have the technology, but there is a shortage of manpower.
money question
According to Izvestia, soldiers and officers entering the mobilization reserve will receive a lump-sum payment upon signing a contract: for a three-year period - in the amount of a salary, for 5 years or more - 1.5 times more. The salary of a professional reservist will consist of his official salary, regional coefficient and payments for the rank. For example, a platoon commander with the rank of senior lieutenant in the central part of the Russian Federation will receive 27.5 thousand rubles. The commander of the department with the rank of sergeant in the Kemerovo region (there is a regional allowance: "northern" - 30 percent) - 25.3 thousand rubles. True, in full this amount of money will be paid only during the passage of military training. In the rest of the period, that is, 11 months a year, contract reservists will be paid only 12 percent of the salary. In this case, a senior lieutenant from the Central part of Russia will receive 3.3 thousand rubles a month, a sergeant in the Kemerovo region - 3.036 thousand rubles.
This payment procedure is provided for by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On establishing the amount of the monthly salary for citizens of the Russian Federation who are in the mobilization human reserve, except for the period of military training” dated December 23, 2015. During the training camp, the state guarantees the reservist the preservation of the average salary or stipend. In addition, it will cover all the costs of renting housing, paying travel fees and returning home, travel expenses.
There are separate allowances for years of service. For example, 3 years after being included in the mobilization reserve, reservists will be able to receive an additional 10 percent of their salary. Over the years, this payment will grow, the maximum allowance - 50 percent - will be available after 20 years of continuous being in the mobilization reserve.
How will it work
An important difference, which has already been mentioned above, will be that the reservist will be assigned to a specific military unit or to the TsOMR - the Center for Providing Mobilization Deployment, where he will be training. This is one of the main advantages of the personnel reserve. It is impossible to create truly combat-ready and trained units, when the fighters are well acquainted with each other (at least at the level of squads and crews) and have real experience of interaction in the framework of training and military training, it is impossible due to the usual reserves that appear in the army at best once in many years of being in stock.
Military expert Vladislav Shurygin, commenting on the formation of a mobilization reserve to Izvestia journalists, noted that there are such concepts as current and temporary shortages (TNK and VNK). For example, a serviceman was transferred to a new duty station, but no one has been appointed to his place yet. This is a temporary kit. And if a soldier falls ill and is no longer able to perform his direct duties, this is the current shortage. Thus, TNK and VNK can significantly influence the combat effectiveness of military units. For example, a battalion may lack not only a few mechvods and machine gunners, but also a company commander. Their absence will significantly affect the ability of this battalion to solve combat missions. There are also positions that are introduced only in case of war, for example, assistant machine gunner. In peacetime, such positions are not needed, but in combat conditions they are necessary. Contract reservists who have signed a contract and are assigned to a specific military unit will be able to replace TNK and VNK, their other task will be to make up for losses in wartime.
Separately, experts single out the fate of the bases for the storage and repair of military equipment (BKhRVT), which will be disbanded. Until recently, the Ground Forces alone had more than 40 such bases (14 motorized rifle bases). At present, the reorganization of motorized rifle BHiRVT is already underway in Russia. About a third of them are closed. Mostly, they used to only store equipment, while the staffing of such bases did not allow maintaining the stored equipment in proper technical condition. Now, in the TsOMRs created on their basis, they will store military equipment and train reservists. If necessary, such centers will be transformed into full-fledged formations and military units.
It is known that a new modern infrastructure will be built for the Centers. So, back in 2016, the Russian Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the design of a new BHiRVT located on Sakhalin. This project can be called an illustration of what the mobilization deployment support center will look like. The military camp planned for construction near the village of Dachnoye will be equipped with barracks to accommodate 521 soldiers and sergeants, a headquarters and training building, a parking area of 700,000 square meters, a heated storage facility for 1,200 cars, as well as warehouses for rocket and artillery weapons and property. Special areas for storage and repair of equipment will also be built. This infrastructure will make it possible, in the event of training camps, to accept a whole battalion of reservists without any problems, to conduct the necessary exercises and work on the planned maintenance of military equipment with them.
