History of our school.
Reprinted from a 1988 EVVAUL brochure
1. IN THE FIRE OF CIVIL WAR
The history of the Yeysk Aviation School is directly connected with the history of the birth of naval aviation, with the history of domestic aircraft construction. Already at the beginning of the twentieth century, from the first steps of aviation, attempts began to use aircraft heavier than air for the needs of the navy. Naval aviation began to develop especially rapidly after the creation by the Russian engineer D.P. Grigorovich of the original in design seaplanes of the "Flying boat" type in 1912. Such seaplanes began to be built for the first time in the world. The most successful were the M-5 and M-9 devices, created by the designer in 1915 and 1916.
The M-5 flying boat had a 100 hp engine. and had a flight speed of 105 km / h. The seaplane M-9 (two and three-seater versions) was designed in such a way that there was a special compartment in the bow, where a machine gun was first installed, then it was replaced with a cannon. Four bomb racks were mounted under the wing of the aircraft. Combat load - 160 kg. The seaplane was equipped with a 150 hp engine. The car had good seaworthiness and flight qualities, were mass-produced and were in service until the end. civil war.
Due to the successful design and the possibility of combat use, foreign countries became interested in the seaplane, applications for the M-9 were received from the Entente countries. The tsarist government found it possible to satisfy this request. Several machines were sold to the United States, drawings and technical documentation were transferred to England.
In the autumn of 1916, naval pilot I.I. Nagursky made the world's first Nesterov's loop on the M-9 seaplane.
With the outbreak of the First World War, the problem of training flight personnel for naval aviation immediately arose. In July 1915, on Gutuevsky Island in Petrograd, the first naval aviation officer school in Russia was opened, which was staffed exclusively from among officers. In the autumn of the same year, a branch of the Naval Aviation School was created in Baku.
In 1917, the officer school of naval aviation was transferred to Oranienbaum.
On January 15, 1918, the Decree of the Council is signed People's Commissars on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, and on January 25, 1918, an order of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs No. 84 was signed, which stated: “All aviation units and schools should be fully preserved for the working people. Comrade aviation workers to make every effort to preserve property ... "
It was decided to leave the Petrograd School of Naval Aviation in its old composition and in its original location in Oranienbaum, replenishing it with the necessary number of aircraft and engines. Now, on a new, Soviet basis, the school received a start in life, becoming at the service of the young Soviet Republic.
According to the states, on December 1, 1917, the school had 10 detachments and 78 student pilots, of which 11 people flew independently and 67 with instructors. Among the student pilots was a wartime midshipman, the future illustrious pilot of polar aviation B.G. Chukhnovsky. The aircraft fleet consisted of 12 M-5 and M-9 seaplanes, of which only five were fit. There were 140 people from the service staff at the school.
On March 7, 1918, by order of the Naval Aviation Administration No. 243, the Petrograd School of Naval Aviation was relocated from Oranienbaum to Nizhny Novgorod.
The military situation put the Baku school before the fact to stop all studies. In July 1918, it was liquidated, and 11 instructors, 26 accountants and 15 aviation specialists were transferred to Nizhny Novgorod for service.
In the summer of 1918, there were not enough pilots in the aviation detachment, which was based on Gutuevsky Island in Petrograd, so the aircraft mechanics themselves, who knew the material part well and had previously flown as crew members, began to make attempts to learn how to fly, master the technique of piloting on M-5 seaplanes and M-9. P. G. Eremenko became such a self-taught pilot.
And in November 1918, in connection with the deployment of the struggle on the fronts of the civil war in Petrograd on Gutuevsky Island, a new school of naval aviation was officially opened (the head of the school was S. M. Kochedykov). The task of the newly created school was to provide in a short time the training of naval pilots from aircraft mechanics who knew the material part of the aircraft.
The first pilot-instructors at the school were experienced Red Navy pilots N. Melnikov, P. Eremenko, V. Glagolev, I. Pushkov, A. Ozerov, P. Sorokin, L. Kovalevsky, A. Melnitsky, L. Giksa, M. Lindel, A Lebedev, N. Filatov.
Subsequently, by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy No. 227 of July 31, 1943, the school was founded on July 25, 1918.
The training of a naval pilot consisted of theoretical course(1st division), flight course (2nd division) and a special course - retraining for other types of aircraft, tactics, air combat, reconnaissance (3rd division). Those who successfully passed the exams were awarded the title of "naval pilot". In 1918-1919. this title was approved by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic.
After graduating from the school of naval aviation, pilots, as a rule, were transferred to a training detachment or directly to the aviation unit, where they finally improved their flying skills.
In connection with Yudenich's attack on Petrograd, the pilots of the Petrograd School of Naval Aviation from May 1, 1919, together with the pilots of the Naval Aerobatics School, participated in combat operations, carried out reconnaissance, bombing and photographing the enemy's location. After the defeat of Yudenich in mid-October 1919, the school resumed its work.
In September 1919, the Nizhny Novgorod Naval Aviation School was transferred to Samara, and in December of the same year, the Naval Aviation School from Petrograd was also relocated there. In June 1920, they merged into the Naval Aviation School (headed by N. P. Korolev, the Red Navy Marine, and M. F. Pogodin, commissar).
The main base of the school was the Evpraksia barge, which was equipped with special hangars for the storage and repair of seaplanes.
There were 70 students in total at the school. They flew mainly in the spring and summer. An attempt to fly from the snow cover (ice), when the Volga froze, was unsuccessful.
Each accountant at the end of the school received a certificate with marks for each subject.
The learning conditions were difficult. There were not enough planes, engines, fuel, food, uniforms. However, no one grumbled or complained about the difficulties.
Under these conditions, the command and party organization of the school carry out a great deal of political, cultural and educational work among the students and the permanent staff. Leadership demands are on the rise. A stubborn struggle is being waged against flight accidents and the prerequisites for them, especially with “recklessness”. The task set before the school is being solved successfully.
For the entire period of the civil war, 120 flight personnel were trained in naval aviation schools.
Pupils of the school fought bravely on the fronts of the civil war, showing courage and resourcefulness. So, on the initiative and leadership of the Krasnoenmorlet N. S. Melnikov, on the night of June 24, 1919, four M-20 seaplanes, accompanied by two Nieuport fighters, made a group night raid on the airfield and enemy ships. All 6 planes reached the target without interference and bombed. A fire broke out at the airport from bomb explosions.
The first red naval pilots who fought on the Volga were I. A. Svinarev and S. E. Stolyarsky. They conducted aerial reconnaissance, fired on and bombed enemy ships, batteries and troops. During the tense period of the struggle for Kazan, reconnaissance and bombing pilots had to fly under artillery and machine-gun fire, often dropping to fire enemy troops to a height of 50-30 meters. From August 29 to September 10, 1918, Stolyarsky and Svinarev flew 40 hours each.
The intensity of the combat use of naval aviation especially increased during the liquidation of the White Guard army of Wrangel in October-November 1920.
Over 1,300 combat hours of flight and about 650 pounds of bombs dropped on enemy troops and ships - this is the combat account of naval pilots of the Black and Azov Seas for 1920. In the battles for the Crimea, naval pilots E. Koshelev, M. Korovkin, E. Lukht, A. Shlyapnikov, S. Kochedykov especially distinguished themselves.
In March 1921 aviation Baltic Fleet took part in the suppression of the counter-revolutionary Kronstadt rebellion. For 13 days of hostilities, 100 bombs with a total weight of 65 pounds, 50 pounds of literature were dropped on the rebel ships and military installations of Kotlin Island, films and photographs were made. The commander of the 7th Army, M.N. Tukhachevsky, and the head of the air fleet of the republic, A.V. Sergeev, noted that "of all the squadrons, the Moraviation is the best disciplined in terms of the exact fulfillment of the task." For the excellent performance of combat missions, naval pilots D. Antipov, A. Taskinen, A. Komarov, L. Kovalevsky, M. Lindel were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
2. WINGS STRENGTHEN IN FLIGHT
Placement of the school, its headquarters, training department, rear services, personnel, the presence of sudden changes in climate, insufficient number of flight sunny days in the Samara region, the school management was faced with the need to find a new place to base. The most suitable place for the Naval Aviation School was found in one of the bays near Sevastopol.
In 1922, the Joint School of Naval Aviation from Samara moved to Sevastopol in the Round Bay. Here she gets more high forms its organization, the staff is increased, the methods of flight and theoretical training of accountants are being improved. On May 31, 1923, the school became known as the Higher School of Red Naval Pilots. The school did not last long in Round Bay. Although the bay did not freeze, it was open to winds from the sea, and this often led to disruption of flights.
Relocation to Keelen Bay, then to Holland Bay. Heads are changing, the aircraft fleet is being updated - the school receives seaplanes MU - 1, C - 16, MR - 1. A solid training program, the requirements for the quality of training of flight personnel are increasing. In addition to pilots, pilot-observers (navigators) and aircraft mechanics are trained at the school. The school is expanding due to the formed training squadrons, the commanders of which were V. Molokov, V. Myrsov, I. Shner.
The sky of Sevastopol became crowded. Therefore, it was ordered to relocate the school to the Yeysk region. From July 1931, the school settled in the Kuban, became subordinate to the North Caucasus Military District. Immediately, work began at the sea airfield. They began to master and wheeled aircraft. The aircraft fleet is replenished with such machines as R - 1, U - 2, R - 5.
It should be noted that the party and Soviet bodies, the workers of the city of Yeisk and the Kuban, then showed sensitivity and attention to the aviators. Since then, there has been a strong bond of friendship and mutual assistance between the school and the residents of Yeysk.
Together with the whole country, the Red Army developed and strengthened. On the basis of achievements in the construction of socialism, its radical reorganization and technical re-equipment were carried out. As before, much attention was paid to the Air Force. Measures were taken to ensure that our aircraft flew higher, farther and faster than anyone else.
Along with the creation of new combat aircraft, great concern was shown for the training of highly qualified personnel.
The IX Congress of the Komsomol, on behalf of the three millionth Leninist Komsomol, decided to take patronage over the Air Force of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. The cry "Komsomolets on the plane!" Was thrown. Hundreds of volunteers on Komsomol vouchers are mastering flying.
One of the leading centers for the training of flight and technical personnel in those years was the Yeisk Aviation School. Political workers, army commanders and navigators master flight skills at the school so that, having mastered the technique, they can better manage air units and formations.
In July 1932, the People's Commissar of Military and Naval Forces K. E. Voroshilov visited the school. After the inspection, the order of the Revolutionary Military Council noted that the school took first place in the Air Force among military educational institutions. By the Aviation Day in 1933, the Revolutionary Military Council awarded the school with a large cash prize, and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR with the Red Banner, which is kept in the museum of the history of the school to this day.
The power of the country of the Soviets was growing stronger, and Soviet aviation was also strengthening. The pilots performed miracles in the development of military equipment, vigilantly guarded the borders of their homeland.
For heroism and courage in flying everyday life, students of the school of naval pilots are awarded high government awards. A large group of pilots, technicians, political workers and teachers of the school are awarded orders for outstanding success in mastering combat aviation technology and skillful leadership of the combat and political training of the Red Army Air Forces.
Pupils of the school were the first to come to the aid of the crew and passengers of the Chelyuskin steamer, crushed by the ice of the Northern Arctic Ocean. On March 5, 1934, Anatoly Lyapidevsky made his way to the Chelyuskin camp on his TB-1 (ANT-4) plane and took out 12 people. A month and two days later, other pilots broke through to the camp through snowstorms and fogs. On April 13, 1934, the last group of Chelyuskinites was taken to the mainland. Pilot V.S. Molokov took out most of all from the ice floe. He carried 39 people on a two-seater plane for nine flights.
A few days later, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR established the highest distinction - the title of Hero. Soviet Union. On April 20, 1934, seven pilots were the first to be awarded this title. Four of them are pupils of the school of naval pilots - A. V. Lyapidevsky, S. A. Levanevsky, V. S. Molokov and I. V. Doronin.
In 1935, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League appointed the Komsomol organization of the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, as the head of the school for naval pilots. The patronage, friendly relations of Muscovites with naval aviators continued for many years. The same connections were maintained by the school with the youth of the cities of Sevastopol, Nikolaev, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Taganrog ....
The Yeysk seafaring school was a monolithic creative team, it became a wide-profile educational institution. Here pilots were trained on I-15, I-16, SB, MRB-2 and other aircraft, navigators, technicians, radio and aviation specialists were trained. In fact, the school corresponded to the rank of the school.
On April 20, 1937, the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR was announced to transform the school into a naval aviation school.
A world war was brewing. The world was covered with clouds of fascism. In the East, the Japanese militarists unleashed a war against the Chinese people. The war flooded the Iberian Peninsula with fire. Many pupils of the school as part of international brigades fought courageously in the skies of Spain, fought on the Khalkhin Gol River. Four of them - pilots A. Zaitsev, I. Proskurov, navigators I. Dushkin, G. Prokofiev were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Suffice it to say that Alexander Zaitsev shot down 9 fascist vultures in the sky of Spain, and Gavriil Prokofiev, flying in the crew of N. A. Ostryakov, caused serious damage to the German battleship Deutschland.
Volunteers fought in the sky of Republican Spain and other pupils of the school, including V. Bagrov, N. Gumenny, V. Dmitrievsky, A. Sviridov, B. Takhtarov, V. Troshkin.
For courage and heroism in helping the Chinese people in the struggle against imperialist Japan, the students of the school I. Selivanov and N. Novozrenov are awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
A lot of bright pages inscribed in history Soviet army pupils of the school in battles with the White Finns, in 1939-40 they fought with the enemy as part of the Air Force units of the Baltic Fleet. For exemplary performance of command tasks, 270 students were awarded orders of the USSR, and I. D. Borisov, V. I. Rakov, A. A. Gubriy, A. I. Krokhmalev, F. N. Radus, G. P. Gubanov, P. V. Kondratiev, I. F. Balashov, V. M. Savchenko, V. M. Kharlamov, S. M. Shuvalov became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
Just two episodes from that time.
On February 29, 1940, one of our bombers was damaged and was forced to land in the ice on enemy territory. Then F. Radus chose a platform among the hummocky ice, brilliantly landed, removed the crew of the downed aircraft and delivered it to his airfield.
In December 1939, the squadron of Captain V. Rakov received the task of bombing one of the enemy's coastal targets. During the mission, Vasily Rakov's SB aircraft was fired upon by anti-aircraft fire. The left engine failed, but the pilot on one engine went to the target, completed the task, and only after that returned to the airfield with his squadron.
Paying tribute to the heroic deeds of the students of the school, those who glorified the Yeysk school in the pre-war years should also remember those who gave them a ticket to heaven. These are comrades: Z. M. Pomerantsev, N. N. Bazhanov, V. S. Molokov, S. A. Levanevsky, V. I. Myrsov, H. A. Rozhdestvensky, T. K. Korop, N. V. Chelnokov , I. M. Sukhomlin, N. A. Naumov, V. N. Val'tsefer, A. V. Vinogradov, L. B. Balayan, I. M. Piskarev, V. T. Melnikov, A. M. Makarov, M A. Efimov, V. G. Churakov…
To have an idea of what the instructor pilots were like in prewar years Let's get to know at least one of them. Good rumor was going on in the school about V. G. Churakov. He developed a trouble-free system for training future pilots in all cases. In accordance with the individual qualities of his wards, he selected in each individual case his own special key to the soul of the pupil. The commanders said about him: “A sensitive, strictly individual approach to training cadets - characteristic pilot-instructor Churakov.
There were quite a few instructors like Vasily Georgievich Churakov at the school. And when the war broke out, he selflessly defended the skies of the Kuban and died in battle.
3 . TEST BY FIRE
In the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War the aviators of the school, like all Soviet people, brought up in the spirit of selfless devotion to the Motherland, spared neither their strength nor life itself to defeat fascist german invaders.
The staff of the school, in addition to the main task - training - was engaged in the construction defensive structures, carried out air defense of its area, industrial and military facilities. The 9th cover fighter air squadron (commander Captain K.N. Popov) and the 8th retraining air squadron in September-October 1941 made 132 sorties to repel enemy raids and shot down two fascist bombers.
The pilots of the squadron Grigory Tsypkovsky, Vasily Churakov, brothers Yuri and Konstantin Tsvetkov fought bravely against the fascist vultures. Pilots Konstantin Naumov and Yevgeny Simonchuk were the first to shoot down enemy aircraft. And in just 1941, 27 vultures were shot down in the sky of Yeysk. The planes of the cover squadron patrolled over the city and the trading port, through which ammunition and weapons went for the units of the Red Army and Navy defending the Crimea. Here were the ships of the Azov flotilla.
On the basis of the naval aviation squadron, a naval school for pilots of initial training was formed. Until the end of the war, the school trained pilots mainly on fighters, partly on bombers and attack aircraft.
From July 1941, the training of cadets began to last from several months to a year. During the training, the main attention was paid to the development of practical flight skills. The number of flights along the route, for aerial firing, air combat was increased. Cadets graduated from the school prepared for the use of radio equipment. All releases were made only on the combat materiel. An individual-in-line system of training cadets will be introduced. This means that the most capable were completing the training course faster than the continuous flow of pilots was provided. Training squadrons in some periods issued 10-12 fighter pilots to the front every week.
The instructor pilot did not get out of the cockpit for 8-10 hours.
The school carried out the retraining of pilots and the engineering and technical staff of fleet aviation on the new materiel, as well as those called up from the reserve. During the war years, the school formed and sent to the front 9 aviation regiments, 18 separate squadrons, 421 aircraft and 308 permanent pilots were allocated for this purpose, and in especially acute periods 400 cadets and Red Navy sailors were sent to the front.
In September 1941, the school moved to Mozdok. 274 aircraft, more than two hundred vehicles, 975 wagons or 17 echelons with property, personnel and their families went to the east. In August 1942, they moved again. Now in the village of Borskoye, Kuibyshev region. The length of the path of ground echelons was over 5000 km. (through the Caspian - Central Asia - the Urals). air way was shorter - 1600 km. At the new location, first 4 airfields are equipped by personnel, then there are eleven of them. And at all airfields, work did not stop for days, despite frosts and drifts. They lived in dugouts.
At the beginning of 1943, they received new La-5 and Yak-9 fighters.
The personnel helped the front in any way they could. He gave all his strength to defeat the enemy. They raised funds for the defense fund, harvested crops on the fields of collective farms and state farms, performed in the field with lectures and concerts.
During the four years of the war, the school trained 3517 pilots and 157 navigators, thousands of officers and sergeants of various aviation specialties. The engineering and technical staff and rear workers worked selflessly. During the war they repaired 1344 aircraft, 1350 engines, 3000 cannons and machine guns.
The party and the government highly appreciated the work of the school. For the exemplary training of pilots, 400 permanent servicemen were awarded orders and medals. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 24, 1943, the school is awarded the Order of Lenin for outstanding achievements in training commanders for the Air Force of the Navy and great services to the Motherland.
In return for the high award, the cadets swore an oath to perform all training tasks only with good and excellent marks.
The enemy was expelled from the Soviet land. On October 11, 1943, the school received an order to return to Yeysk. Here the educational building, hangars, the House of the Red Army and Navy, residential buildings were turned into ruins. Everything had to be restored. The school is responsible for air defense cities. A flight of fighters was in constant readiness at the airfield. Five anti-aircraft batteries were on duty on the shore. They were served by cadets. The training of personnel continued, the building of the headquarters, the flight training department, and the cockpits were restored on their own.
Many bright pages in the heroic annals of the Great Patriotic War were written by pupils of the Yeisk School. Thousands of his pets fought on all fronts of the war. More than half of the pilots of naval aviation were students of our school. Suffice it to say that during the war years, the aviation of the Navy was the most active branch of the naval forces. She sank 67% of the combat and auxiliary ships and about 57% of the enemy transport ships from among the operating fleets sunk by all forces during the war years. 5509 enemy aircraft were destroyed by naval aviation, of which 4495 were shot down in air battles; 382 transports and 410 combat and auxiliary ships were sunk, 214 transports and 455 ships were damaged; 1523 tanks, 110 tankettes, 1 armored train, 150 armored vehicles, 9443 vehicles, hundreds of artillery batteries, pillboxes and bunkers, warehouses, railway trains and over 135 thousand enemy soldiers and officers were destroyed. More than 40 thousand tons of bombs were dropped on the heads of the Nazis. And in this great merit belongs to the pupils of the school.
From the first days of the war, the pupils of the school showed mass heroism. Despite the fact that most of the pilots in the initial period fought on aircraft of obsolete designs, they boldly entered into battle with the enemy and won.
Among the hundreds of heroes of ramming there are those who gained wings in the sky of the Kuban, within the walls of the Yeysk Aviation School. Pyotr Brinko, Mikhail Borisov, Yakov Ivanov… only thirty-five aerial rams were made by students of the school.
Pilots - Gastellites died in the territory occupied by the enemy. They were not escorted on their last journey with a farewell salute. For a long time, stories about their exploits seemed to be front-line legends. Now many names of the heroes of fire rams are known. Among them are over fifty pupils of the school.
Among the defenders of the "road of life" pilot Semyon Gorgul stood out with his fearlessness. In November 1941, a group of Messerschmitts tried to break through to the road across Lake Ladoga. Pilot Gorgul rushed across her on his "hawk". Already one "Messer" collapsed. The second one caught fire. In an unequal battle, Semyon's fighter was shot down, the pilot was seriously wounded. But Semyon continued to fight. He had the strength to land his wounded car on the ice of the lake. The Nazis, having decided to take revenge on the brave warrior, fired at his plane from machine guns and cannons for a long time. And Semyon lay on the ice and wrote with his own blood in his notebook: “Farewell, Leningraders! Victory will be ours…"
The son of sunny Azerbaijan Hussein Baba - ogly Aliyev, having received numerous wounds in an air battle, bleeding, continued to fight with the enemies. He shot down two vultures that were eager to bomb Leningrad. Only when all the ammunition was used up, the pilot, having collected last strength, got out of the battle and safely landed his plane. Doctors counted about thirty wounds on Hussein's body. Almost all wounds were fatal. It is difficult to find words to appreciate the feat of this courageous man.
Aleksey Antonenko shot down 11 enemy planes in the first month of the war, and his fighting friend Pyotr Brinko destroyed 15 vultures, mostly bombers, in two and a half months, including 2 Me - 110 rammed. But they flew on I-16 fighters, which, in terms of combat qualities, no longer met the requirements of air combat during the Second World War.
One of the bridges across the Narva River was guarded by a flight of I-153 aircraft of the 71st Air Regiment under the command of Lieutenant V.A. Mikhalev. The pilots had to make five or six sorties a day. On July 18, 1941, Vladimir Mikhalev had just landed after repulsing another enemy raid. Before the mechanics had time to replenish their ammunition, a message was received that a German bomber was breaking through to the bridge. Fighter Mikhalev stood alone on the field. Road every minute. Without hesitation, Mikhalev again soared into the air. “You don’t have shells and cartridges, Mikhalev, but you have a heart and a head,” the air fighter convinced himself, approaching the enemy. "Heinkel-126" was already at the target. Another second - and bombs will fall on the bridge, and traffic on the Tallinn-Leningrad highway will be stopped ....
The pilot went into a frontal attack. "Heinkel" did not have time to turn away. The planes collided. “The seagull was thrown up, and then heeled steeply. But the plane was still in the air. And the bomber crashed to the ground and exploded on its own bombs. The bridge has been saved. With a dangling aileron, without the upper right plane, with broken propeller blades, Vladimir landed his "Seagull" safely on the airfield. It was the first ram made in the skies of the Baltic.
V. A. Mikhalev continued to fight bravely. On February 12, 1944, as part of 6 LaGG-3 fighters, he entered into battle with 45 bombers that were under the cover of 25 enemy fighters. In this battle, he personally shot down 2 bombers.
The whole world knows how in difficult conditions, when the fascist hordes armed to the teeth rushed into the depths of our country, the pupils of the school made the first raid on Berlin. Air raids by red-star bombers on the capital of Nazi Germany were harbingers of future victories, reminded the Nazi clique of the retribution that awaits them. The first raid was made on the night of August 8, 1941 under the command of Colonel E. N. Preobrazhensky, commander of the 1st mine-torpedo regiment and flag-navigator of the regiment, Captain P. I. Khokhlov. Berlin operation lasted about a month, 52 sorties were made from the Cahul airfield (Saaremaa island in the Gulf of Finland). Il-4 planes took on board up to 1000 kg of bombs. Bombing was carried out from a height of 5000 meters at military facilities, railway stations, factories. For seven hours of flight time, the crews managed to bombard Berlin and return to their airfield.
Our air raids on Berlin in 1941 were of great political and international significance. They raised the morale of the Soviet people, instilled confidence in their strength and in victory over the insidious enemy, exposed the false fascist propaganda that claimed that Soviet aviation no longer exists. The explosions of Soviet bombs in Berlin were heard all over the world.
Pilots successfully raided Berlin from the Aste airfield long-range aviation, among whom were also pupils of the school.
For the first raids on Berlin, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to pupils of the school E. N. Preobrazhensky, P. I. Khokhlov, V. A. Grechishnikov, V. I. Malygin.
Evgraf Ryzhov was the first in the Black Sea Fleet to make an air ram on July 27, 1941 in a battle with German spy"Heinkel-111" machine guns failed on his fighter. Then the pilot slashed the tail of the fascist pirate with propeller blades, debris flew, the Heinkel fell into the sea. The engine on Ryzhov's plane failed. I had to land a fighter in the sea. The plane sank. The pilot survived. For his feat, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Continued to fight. In total, during the war years, he shot down 11 enemy aircraft personally and 6 in a group. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
On November 12, 1941, pilot Yakov Matveyevich Ivanov destroyed a Xe-111 bomber, which was going to bomb Sevastopol, with a ramming attack, and landed his plane safely on the airfield. A few days later, in the sky of Sevastopol, he shot down 2 more enemy aircraft. On November 17, 1941, junior lieutenant Ivanov was back in action. To the main base Black Sea Fleet flew 31 Yu-88 bombers. In an air battle, Yakov again shoots down two planes, one of them with a ramming blow. The pilot died heroically. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded posthumously.
N. T. Khrustalev was an instructor pilot for a number of years. The war has begun. He submitted a report to the commander: “... I consider it my duty to ask you to second me to the active unit. All my conscious life I have been preparing to stand up for my people in a difficult hour. My place is at the front, in the front ranks of the fighters. I swear to carry with honor through all the trials the title of a member of the Leninist Party, the title of our pilot great country". And on September 20, 1941, a squadron of attack fighters under the command of N. Khrustalev rose from the airfield of the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya and headed for the Crimean peninsula.
Combat sorties followed one after another. 3-4 times a day, Nikolai Khrustalev led his pilots to smash the enemy columns rushing to the Crimea.
On November 5, in the gardens of the Belbek Valley, two columns of tanks, armored personnel carriers, and vehicles were found aiming at Sevastopol. Two squadrons flew out to attack the front line near the village of Malo-Sadovoye. The second squadron was led by Captain Khrustalev. We approached the target, began to smash the enemy. A group of fascist fighters appeared. An air battle ensued. N. Khrustalev's car caught fire. Then Nikolai Titovich sent his plane to the accumulation of enemy equipment. There was a strong explosion. So the fearless pilot N. T. Khrustalev gave his life for the Motherland. For this feat awarded the order Patriotic War I degree posthumously.
Sergeant L. I. Sevryukov arrived in the 7th Fighter Aviation Regiment at the end of 1941. He, as an excellent student, was left at the school as an instructor, but he took advantage of the right to choose a place of service. Leonid at the front immediately joined in combat activity shelf. Until April 1942, he made 151 sorties and shot down 4 enemy aircraft in air battles. On April 28, 1942, fascist aviation flew several times at the Novorossiysk naval base. When repulsing the raids, our fighters conducted 11 air battles, during which 3 bombers were shot down, two of them were destroyed by Leonid Sevryukov: one was shot down, and the other rammed and died, immortalizing his name, which is forever listed in one of the units. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded posthumously.
Hero of the Soviet Union Stefan Efimovich Voitenko participated in the Great Patriotic War as part of the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet. In just 3 months of fighting, he made 59 sorties: he hit ground targets, shot down 4 fighters in the air and destroyed 2 on the ground. He skillfully brought up his subordinates and personally led the pilots of his squadron, and then the regiment, into battle. He made 241 sorties during the war years. In addition to the two planes shot down in the war with the White Finns, he recorded another 12 fascist vultures at his own expense, three of them he destroyed in only one air battle over Novorossiysk.
Pupil of Stefan Voitenko, pilot, junior lieutenant Mikhail Alekseevich Borisov opened his combat account on July 7, 1942, having shot down an enemy bomber in the Novorossiysk region. On August 9, he shoots down another enemy aircraft. On August 10, 1942, the pilots of the regiment took part in repulsing an enemy air raid on Novorossiysk. Entering into battle with 5 bombers, Borisov knocked out one of them, but his plane caught fire. Having gained altitude and developed speed, he sent his burning LaGG-3 fighter to the enemy bomber. The rammed Xe-111 hit another aircraft during the fall, and it crashed down with a broken tail. M. A. Borisov died a heroic death in this battle. His name is enrolled forever in the lists of the N-th air unit. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded posthumously on May 6, 1965.
On September 18, 1942, Semyon Mukhin, a student of the school, performed a heroic deed while defending the city of Gelendzhik from Nazi air raids.
This is how his fight with the enemy is described in the brochure “Heroes of the Black Sea Sky” (Voenizdat, Moscow-1972): “... in the vicinity of Gelendzhik, a twin-engine Focke-Wulf-189 aircraft appeared. For the double beam fuselage, he was nicknamed the "frame". The crew of the "frame" corrected the fire of their long-range artillery.
A pair of LaGG-3s of the 62nd regiment took off from the Gelendzhik airfield. Leader - Captain Semyon Mukhin, wingman - Lieutenant Boris Maslov.
The Chernomorians attacked the spotter. The crew of the "frame" fought back furiously, trying to escape towards the sea. Mukhin was wounded in the left hand.
- Destroy the enemy at any cost! - ordered the regiment commander, Major V.I. Vasiliev, on the radio.
Communist Mukhin caught up with the Fokker and pressed the trigger. But the ammo ran out. Then, in front of fellow soldiers and townspeople, he hit the tail of the "frame" with the propeller blades. The hero was thrown out of the cab. The wounded pilot managed to open his parachute and began to descend into the sea. But the fight didn't end there. Two Nazis from the crew of the Focke-Wulf hung on parachutes at almost the same height as Mukhin. Overwhelmed by anger, the Nazis began to shoot at him with pistols.
Those who saw from the ground an unusual continuation of the duel were seized with concern for the life of the pilot. Someone even shouted:
- Shoot them, bastards!
Semyon Mukhin returned fire. The captain fired without a miss. Semyon Stepanovich splashed down safely and was picked up by a boat. Soon he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Until the end of the war, he shot down another 7 enemy aircraft.
A true example of heroism was shown by the North Sea pilot Zakhar Artemovich Sorokin. He fought in the 72nd Air Regiment (since January 1942 - the 2nd Guards), which was then commanded by the famous pilot B.F. Safonov. Until October 25, 1941, Zakhar Sorokin had 5 downed enemy aircraft on his combat account. In one air battle, his plane was shot down and the pilot was wounded. Forced to land 30 km from his airfield. After 6 days, with frostbitten legs, Zakhar reached his unit. He spent 14 months in the hospital and was left without the feet of both legs. He was declared unfit for flight work, but nevertheless achieved a return to his native regiment. And here he is again in combat formation. March 23 shoots down the sixth enemy aircraft. And in total, on his combat account, 13 personally shot down aircraft and 5 in the group. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded on August 19, 1944.
Hero of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Minakov fought on a torpedo bomber. He carried out bombing attacks on enemy military installations and ports, flew to minefields, delivered cargo to the Crimean partisans, flew out for long-range reconnaissance. But most of all he has sorties to search for transports at sea. In just two years (from May 1942 to July 1944), he made 206 successful sorties, including 71 at night. Destroyed 13 enemy transports (7 personally and 6 in a group) with a total displacement of 36,500 tons, 5 anti-aircraft batteries, 4 ammunition depots, 5 dry-cargo barges, 7 high-speed barges, a tugboat, a minesweeper, 4 patrol boats, many other equipment, in air battles he shot down 4 enemy planes.
Candidate of Naval Sciences, Major General of Aviation Minakov Vasily Ivanovich is engaged in a large scientific and literary activity. His books "Front to the very sky", "Under the wing of the Tsemess Bay", "Commanders of winged battleships", "Angry Sky of Taurida" are eagerly read by both cadets and veterans.
Ivan Ivanovich Borzov went from a cadet of the Yeysk Aviation School to an Air Marshal. At the beginning of World War II, he was deputy squadron commander of the 1st Mine-Torpedo Aviation Regiment. In October 1943, he actually proved the possibility of torpedoing ships along the lunar path, sinking an enemy transport with a displacement of 5,000 tons. He was the first to successfully use the radar method for detecting sea targets. In total, he has 6 sunk enemy transports on his combat account. IN post-war years commanded the Air Force of the Northern Fleet, the Air Force of the KBF, and from 1962 to 1974. - Naval Aviation Commander.
Vasily Fedorovich Golubev fought boldly and selflessly with the fascist evil spirits from the first to last days Great Patriotic War. He stormed ground troops, destroyed the enemy, defending the naval base of Khanko and Leningrad. Deals massive damage to enemy aircraft. He flew out on a combat mission 546 times, conducted 133 air battles and shot down 39 aircraft, 16 of them personally. On his chest shine 2 Orders of Lenin, 7 Orders of the Red Banner, the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union, and other military awards. He served in the Armed Forces until 1975. He was transferred to the reserve with the rank of lieutenant general of aviation.
Three brothers - Victor, Vasily and Vladimir Snesarev graduated from college. In the first battles over Sevastopol, Vasily and Viktor were killed. Vladimir swore an oath to fight for three. During the war he made 313 sorties. In air battles, he shot down 24 enemy aircraft. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded on May 16, 1944.
And his brother-soldier in the 11th Guards Aviation Regiment of the Black Sea Fleet, Vladimir Narzhimsky, shot down 13 aircraft personally and 5 in pairs. In August 1942, he sent 8 enemy aircraft to the bottom of the sea. For two days in October 1942, he shot down 6 enemy planes. There was even such a case when an entire squadron of the Romanian cavalry surrendered to V.A. Narzhimsky. Here is how it was. Returning from a combat mission with his wingman, V. Narzhimsky saw a cavalry galloping along the road. Ammunition is not completely used up. And since there is a goal, then it should be put into action. Attack! But the Romanians realized what it smelled like and raised their hands to the sky. The pilots had no choice but to show the direction to the nearest Soviet unit.
In the first days of the war, naval pilots took an oath “Motherland! As long as our hands hold the helm of the plane, as long as our eyes see the earth, as long as blood flows in our veins, we will exterminate the Nazis, knowing no fear, knowing no pity, despising death.
They kept their oath.
Many pupils of the school fought against the Nazi invaders as part of the Air Force of the Red Army.
Konstantin Vasilyevich Sukhov graduated from college in 1942, since 1943 he has been a pilot of the 9th Guards Air Division, a pupil of the famous ace A. I. Pokryshkin. Frees Kuban, Donbass, Ukraine, Moldova. Shoots down enemy planes in the skies of Poland and Germany. He spent the last air booms over Berlin and Prague, already being a squadron commander. He made 297 sorties, personally shot down 22 enemy aircraft in air battles. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to him on June 27, 1945.
His friend from school, Mikhail Ivanovich Shcherbina, fought bravely with the enemy, having made 300 sorties during the war years, repeatedly flying behind enemy lines to the partisans. Pilots Nikolai Martynov, Alexander Sukhovtsev and other classmates of K.V. Sukhov, who, having retired to the reserve, took up literary activity, also selflessly beat the enemy. He published his memoirs in magazines and newspapers. In 1983, his book The Squadron Fights was published. The book is colorfully designed, cadets willingly read it, and several reader conferences have been held on it.
Major Romanenko Alexander Sergeevich graduated from college by 1933. During the war years, participating in 85 air battles, he personally shot down 18 enemy aircraft and 5 in a group. He was the commander of a fighter regiment. On November 6, 1943, he died in an air battle during the liberation of the city of Kyiv.
A particularly great contribution to the cause of victory over the enemy was made by the pupils of the school - twice Heroes of the Soviet Union.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Kuznetsov, as a former instructor pilot, believing that in battle, a personal example, first of all, skillfully led his subordinates in the air. He made 345 sorties, conducted 72 air battles, personally shot down 22 enemy aircraft and 6 in group battles. He instilled in his subordinates fearlessness, hatred for the enemy and raised a whole galaxy of air aces. In his regiment, 12 pilots became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
Alexei Efimovich Mazurenko flew a bomber, then mastered the Il-2. He made 279 sorties, sank personally and in a group about 50 ships and transports, destroyed 10 aircraft and many other enemy equipment.
Vasily Ivanovich Rakov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the successful completion of combat missions of command in the war against the White Finns. During the years of World War II, he made 170 sorties, sank 10 ships, and destroyed 2 railway bridges. In the post-war years, Major General of Aviation Rakov V. I. taught at the Naval Academy, professor, doctor of naval sciences.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Chelnokov personally destroyed over 40 tanks in the first 9 months of the war. He crushed the enemy in the Baltic and the Black Sea. He taught his subordinates to sink enemy ships not only during the day, but also at night. Developed and applied the method of top-mast bombing from Il-2 aircraft. He made 227 successful sorties.
There were legends about Nelson Georgievich Stepanyan at the front. During the three years of the war, he made over 240 sorties, personally sank 13 enemy ships and transports, destroyed up to 5,000 soldiers and officers, 25 aircraft, 85 tanks, 14 guns, 600 vehicles. During one of the enemy transport attacks, Nelson Stepanyan's attack aircraft was badly damaged: the aileron and part of the stabilizer were torn off by a projectile, but the pilot did not leave the battle until he sank the transport. In December 1944, in an air battle with 30 Nazi fighters, a group of attack aircraft led by N. Stepanyan shot down 10 vultures. In this battle, the hero died. The title twice Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded posthumously.
The names of many pupils of the school have become a symbol of the greatness of spirit, combat skill, unbending will to win.
In many cities of our Motherland, the streets are named after the pupils of the school. Motor ships, trawlers, scientific vessels with the names of Leonid Sevryukov, Evgeny Preobrazhensky, Alexei Renzaev, Pavel Belyaev, Vasily Grechishnikov ply the oceans, seas and rivers ...
For immortal deeds are listed forever in the lists of aviation units of the Navy:
ADONKIN Vasily Semenovich
BASHTYRKOV Andrey Andreevich
BORISOV Mikhail Alekseevich
VERBITSKY Mikhail Konstantinovich
Katunin Ilya Borisovich
KISILEV Vasily Nikolaevich
KONDRASHIN Andrey Kuzmich
ORLOV Pavel Ivanovich
SEVRYUKOV Leonid Ivanovich
FRANTSEV Evgeny Ivanovich
Khryaev Vasily Ilyich
LOPATIN Karp Kuzmich
CHERNOPASHCHENKO Vasily Evgrafovich
SHUBIKOV Arseniy Vasilievich
A graduate of the school, Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, Colonel-General of Aviation A.P. Yolkin recalls: “During the years of my officer formation, I was lucky to serve under the command of front-line pilots Heroes of the Soviet Union N.A. Naumov and I.I. Borzov. The school of combat training, which I went through under their supervision, became the core of my whole life. No matter what command positions I later occupied, no matter what new fighters I mastered, I always tested myself with the question: how would my first commanders evaluate what has been done and achieved? What distinguished them, front-line soldiers, was their high professional competence, exactingness towards themselves and their subordinates, combined with paternal care for us, young pilots. In their actions, we saw the main thing for ourselves: everything that is done must be High Quality. Personal example front-line soldiers was literally in everything: in flying, in appearance and bearing, statutory manner of address and intelligence, we were conquered by their erudition, accessibility and simplicity. They have remained leaders in their field for my generation.
The respect and gratitude of our people for the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are boundless.
More and more generations of people are brought up on their exploits, they learn courage, courage and stamina, boundless fidelity to the highest ideals. The people honor the memory of those who fell on the battlefield. Majestic memorials and modest obelisks, works of art and literature keep their names.”
4. NEW HEIGHTS
The war has died down. The school restructured its work according to the peacetime program. Pilots with extensive combat experience are appointed to command positions. Teaching Staff replenished with front-line pilots.
Along with studies, cadets and all personnel take an active part in the restoration of office space, housing stock, improvement of the town, and in the construction of a sports base.
At the end of 1945, the first post-war release of pilots on the Yak-9 and La-7 aircraft took place.
Much attention is paid to theoretical training. The school is moving to a 3-year term of study.
Piston-powered aviation is becoming history, jet aircraft are coming to replace it. In the summer of 1950, jet technology was received - MiG-15 aircraft, the speed of which is one and a half times higher than the speed of fighters with piston engines. On September 28, 1950, the first jet aircraft took off into the sky of Yeysk. And the first to fly to the school on his own was the deputy head of the school, Colonel Azevich A.I.
In parallel with the development of new technology, the flight crew learns to fly in difficult weather conditions day and night. And in 1952, the country was given the first graduation of pilots who knew how to pilot the MiG-15 aircraft.
In the second half of 1956, the school was transferred to the Air Force of the Soviet Army. Since that time, it has become known as the Yeysk Military Aviation School for Pilots.
In accordance with the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, from May 1959 the school becomes the highest, a 4-year term of study is established. Life and new aviation technology demanded high knowledge, skillful operation and maximum use of the capabilities of modern aircraft from the flight personnel.
The restructuring has begun educational process. General scientific departments (mathematics, physics, chemistry, technical mechanics, etc.) are being created in the flight training department. A new period in the life of the school began - the training of general-purpose pilots who are able to perfectly control aircraft, to fight with the enemy in any conditions. First academic year of the program high school began October 15, 1959.
A new qualitative leap in aviation - the sound barrier has been overcome. Since the late 50s, aircraft began to fly at supersonic speeds. The first to fly to the school on a supersonic aircraft was Colonel A. Denisenko. The flight crew successfully mastered the new equipment and began training cadets on it.
The flying skills of pilots have increased significantly. All instructor pilots have become top-notch specialists. And Major Sokolov, captains Belous, Kruglov, Babenko and senior lieutenant Degtyarenko fulfilled the standards of the master of sports of the USSR on a training aircraft.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 23, 1962, officers V. Agafonov, N. Avachev, V. Bayak, I. Vorobyov were awarded the Orders of the Red Star for excellent performance in combat and political training and excellent mastery of aviation technology ...
In the autumn of 1963, the first graduation of pilot-engineers was made. Graduates showed high theoretical training and excellent flight skills. During their studies in the higher school program, they received twice as much flight time as the cadets of the secondary school. On state exams 91% of graduates passed their flight training with excellent marks, and 9% with good marks, with an average score in theoretical disciplines of 4.6.
Graduates, pilot-engineers V. Bobrov, B. Dolgov, E. Zarudnev, P. Minin, V. Orlov, I. Timkov, N. Chaga received diplomas with honors.
Pupils of the school during their studies look up to their fathers and older brothers by profession. Many feats were accomplished by the pupils of the school in peaceful days.
In everyday life, the pupils of the school, faithful to the fighting traditions of their fathers, perform miracles of courage, increase the glory of their native school.
It happened during test flights in 1966. After completing the task on the plane of cadet Roman Epifanov, due to a fuel leak through a broken pipeline, the engine stopped at an altitude of 500 meters. One exit - the exit to leave the plane. But then the plane will fall on the city, there will be victims. Roman makes a decision: to turn towards the field. Height 200 meters, 150... Behind are factories, railway station, residential buildings.
The system for leaving the aircraft worked accurately and flawlessly. The cadet landed safely, there were no casualties. When, a few minutes later, a search plane appeared over the place of his landing, Roman Epifanov affably waved his orange vest: “Everything is in order!”.
It is a high honor to serve in the school and to be its pupil. It has already become a tradition - sons come to replace fathers, aviator dynasties are born. The families of veterans of the school of officers Starostin, Zyryanov, Mishurny, Konovalov and many others can be called patriots of the school. In their families, all the men served or studied within the walls of the school. Petty officer P.I. Vasiliev served in the school for more than 30 years. Over the years, he raised three sons. Vladimir, Alexander and Nikolai Vasiliev graduated from college in different years.
In 1977 he graduated from the school Leonid Beda, the son of twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant General of Aviation Beda L.I.
Many young men followed in the footsteps of their fathers.
On May 30, 1967, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the school was named after twice Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov. With a feeling of high gratitude, I received the news of the assignment of a glorious name to the personnel.
For merits in the defense of the socialist Motherland and achievements high results in combat and political training in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the school is awarded the Commemorative Banner of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. With this banner, symbol military glory, escorted the graduates of the anniversary year to the combat units.
On July 28, 1985, the bust of V. M. Komarov, made by a veteran of the school, senior warrant officer Yu. B. Korytov, was unveiled.
Among the brave sons of our Fatherland, boldly storming space, there are students of the school.
Heroes of the Soviet Union, retired colonels G. T. Vasev and P. A. Galkin, veterans of the school V. N. Valtsefer, G. P. Ostapenko, V. V. Bugaev, N. Ya. Vyalikov, K M. Svirishchev, N. I. Khryashkov, I. T. Naboichenko, V. V. Verin… 
Brave aviators have a story to tell. For example, during the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union Pavel Andreyevich Galkin fought as part of the 9th Guards Aviation Regiment of the Northern Fleet with many pupils of the school. As a torpedo bomber navigator, he flew in the crew of Evgeny Frantsev, personally sank two submarines, two transports and one tanker. In the movie "Torpedo Bombers" film frames are dedicated to him.
And retired colonel Nikolai Ignatievich Khryashkov, also in the conditions of the harsh North, beat the Nazis on a fighter, led his regiment into battle, and shot down seven enemy planes. He was awarded four Orders of the Red Banner and many other high awards. In the postwar years, he brought up more than one generation of aviators. His grandson, Vadim Konovalov, followed in his footsteps, who graduated from college in 1985 and successfully continues to serve in one of the units of the Air Force.
The solemn day of celebrating the 60th anniversary of the school will forever remain in the memory of all cadets and officers. From different parts of the Motherland, his pupils of many generations came to the celebrations. Among the guests of honor were 25 Heroes of the Soviet Union, Soviet cosmonauts G. Titov and V. Dzhanibekov, scientists, honored military pilots, generals. Active participation party workers of the region, the city of Yeysk and the Yeysk region, representatives of local authorities took part in the celebrations.
On July 22, 1978, the participants of the anniversary celebrations were the first to get acquainted with the new exposition of the museum of the history of the school, in the halls of which materials about the glorious path of the school for 60 years are widely presented.
Several thousand photographs, more than 500 original exhibits make up the museum's funds. Like precious relics, the personal belongings of twice Hero of the Soviet Union N.V. Chelnokov, pilot-cosmonauts V. Komarov and P. Belyaev, A. Lyapidevsky’s documents, V. Dzhanibekov’s flight suit, in which the cosmonaut flew into space, the tunic of Air Marshal I Borzov, personal belongings of one of the first morlets of Lieutenant General of Aviation I. Petrov ...
You can see here the commemorative banner of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and a sheaf of strong Kuban wheat - a gift from the field workers.
There are materials about visiting the school by cosmonauts G. Titov, A. Filipchenko, V. Lebedev, V. Gorbatko, V. Zudov, A. Demin, B. Volynov, V. Sevastyanov, A. Berezov and others.
The new exposition of the museum was created by veterans of the school, workers of the photo laboratory, printing house; the museum was designed by the hands of soldiers, ensigns, officers.
They contribute to the study by the personnel of the history of the school, the exploits of its students, the experience of excellent students in combat and political training, the preservation military secrets, promoting the traditions of the school and the Armed Forces.
On March 28-30, 1980, a meeting of veterans of the Air Force was held in Krasnodar, dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The capital of the Kuban in those days gathered many famous pilots under its hospitable sky. The participants of the meeting were the pupils of the school - twice Heroes of the Soviet Union V. Rakov and M. Kuznetsov, Heroes of the Soviet Union V. Narzhimsky, K. Sukhov, V. Snesarev, F. Radus ... At the meeting there were also young successors of the military traditions of the Air Force - cadets - excellent students S. Musatov, A. Novikov, V. Taktaev, I. Dudukin, Yu. Kolontaev…
September 8, 1980 became memorable for the entire staff of the school. On that day, the guests of the school were participants in the propaganda flight dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the patronage of the Komsomol over aviation. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union Aviation Lieutenant General V. Popkov spoke to the cadets and officers at the rally, episodes of whose biography were used in the creation of the film “Only Old Men Go to Battle”.
The bay of Gryaznaya Bay in the village of Safonovo near Murmansk is the location of the first aviation hydroaerodrome, which appeared in 1936. Now in this place there is a museum of aviation of the Northern Fleet.
The museum was opened last year after a year of reconstruction. It has a new aircraft hangar, an excellent historical exposition... However, please follow cat.
Monument to Be-6 on an island in the bay.
Before entering Safonovo, a monument to the legendary commander of the 2nd Guards Aviation Regiment B.F. Safonov, twice awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. 
And near the museum is a monument to those who died during the Second World War. 
The history of the Northern Fleet Aviation Museum began in 1976. The aviators themselves initiated the creation of the museum complex. Built, repaired and compiled a collection of pilots, engineers and aviation technicians. The main building of the museum was the old warehouse of the reconnaissance aviation regiment. It took the military less than a year to reconstruct and compile the expositions. 
Near the main building of the museum there is a monument to the MiG-15. 
At the same time, schoolchildren with their parents came on the tour with us. 
The museum has three halls: wartime, memory of the dead, post-war period. 
The exposition presents photographic materials, documents on the history of the aviation of the Northern Fleet, formed in 1936. 
Particular attention is drawn to the personal belongings of veterans of the North Sea aviators, including fifty-three Heroes of the Soviet Union.
photographs, documents, personal belongings of soldiers-aviators, models of aircraft from different years...
Today, six pilots of the naval aviation of the Northern Fleet have been awarded the title of Hero Russian Federation, among them - Major General Timur Apakidze, who tragically died in 2001. 
Real remains of bombs and downed German planes. 
An English handmade table is a gift to Safonov from the British. 
Model TAVKR "Kuznetsov". 
Proper dad. 
Next to the main building - the house-museum of Yuri Gagarin - it was in it that the first cosmonaut, at that time still a simple soldier, lived with his family. The house was moved from the village of Korzunovo in 1983.
It recreates memorial rooms in memory of Gagarin's wife and houses an exposition about the service of the future cosmonaut in the Air Force of the Northern Fleet. 
We move to the hangar with aircraft, near which tanks are displayed. 
The structural element of the ship is a steam winch. 
Anti-aircraft gun, 1943 release (click).
The museum's hangar contains a collection of military and post-war aircraft and helicopters. Many of them were found in the hills and restored by North Sea aviators. 
Until 2013, when the reconstruction began, both the hangar itself and the wiring needed repairs, there were big problems with the roof, there were puddles.
They even say that at some point a section of the roof collapsed and damaged one of the valuable retro aircraft. 
Local journalists did a whole project in support of the Aviation Museum, they wrote a letter to the President. In the spring of 2010, Sergei Shoigu arrived in Safonovo. With his filing, things went well, funding appeared, the museum changed its status. Previously, it was a department of the Safonov officers' house, now it is a branch of the Naval Museum of the Northern Fleet. Now there are as many as 15 people on the staff, before that the museum had only 2 employees. 
The first to meet us in the hangar is the only surviving ICBM - a naval short-range reconnaissance aircraft, the very first aircraft in the aviation of the Northern Fleet.
It could reach speeds of up to 245 km / h, a crew of three was placed in it.
The body of this machine is completely wooden. 
The people called this plane "barn". The wooden apparatus took off only from the water, and landed there too. For the ICBM to take off, the help of the entire personnel was required. 38 people pushed the plane to the tug, removed wheels or skis from it. And only then the plane took off into the sky. 
English Hurricane, which was received under Lend-Lease.
I-153 
Bell P-39 Aircobra. 
High-speed bomber SB-2M-103.
A total of 6,656 SB (ANT-40) aircraft of various modifications were produced. In 1940-1943. was in service with the 72nd mixed aviation regiment of the Air Force of the Northern Fleet. 
I-16 
On the other side. 
Legendary ZIS-5. 
IL-2. 
Torpedo bomber Il-28T. 
Since the summer of 1951, IL-28s began to enter service with naval aviation regiments. At first they were "clean" bombers, but then they decided to re-equip them into torpedo bombers, carriers of jet aircraft torpedoes. 
For the creation of the Il-28, S.V. Ilyushin and a group of designers of the Design Bureau were awarded the Stalin Prize. 
Fighter-interceptor Su-9. 
One of the newest museum exhibits is the Ka-25PL anti-submarine helicopter. 
With your face. 
The helicopter was developed by the Kamov Design Bureau, put into production in 1965 and put into service on December 2, 1971.
On its basis, created a large number of modifications for use in various fields of application.
Naval Aviation Museum of the French Navy - musée de l'aéronautique navale
History of the area where the museum is located
1910 - Andre Bellot visits Rochefort for the first time in his biplane Voisin. The Navy acquires the first aircraft for 25,000 francs, a Henry Farman biplane. In the same year, the aviation school in Vincent trains 7 officers of the Navy. Cruiser Foudre (La Foudre) becomes the world's first seaplane carrier.
1912 - signing of the Decree on the creation of French naval aviation
1916 - First World War. Creation military base, construction of hangars for maintenance of airships. All damaged and decommissioned balloons for the needs of the army are here.
1923 Naval Aeronautical School Center becomes Naval Aviation School Center.
1933 The French Air Force establishes its own school of mechanical technicians. She will leave her position in 1981 to move to a larger base at St-Agnant.
2002 July 2002 C.E.A.N closed (Air Force training: E.F.S.O.A.A).
Airship base at the beginning of the 20th century
Airships (Zeppelins)
During the First World War, the French navy used airships with a balloon air volume of between 2800 and 7600 cubic meters.
At the end of World War I, France receives two German zeppelins as compensation for damage: the Dixmude and the Méditerranée.
The latter was delivered to Rochefort in 1923, but its length of 220 meters does not fit well into the hangar "Astra" ("Astra"), where the museum will be located until 1999
After 1931, Rochefort became the only and last center of aeronautics.
In 1937, airships disappear forever from the sky of the Charente.
airship hangars
The Second World War
On June 22, 1940, the Germans bombed the city and the Rochefort base. Sixteen sailors were killed, including Rear Admiral Lartigue, chief of French naval aviation during World War II.
Creation of the Association
1988: Establishment of the first Museum of Naval Aviation Traditions at Rochefort, based at the Naval Aviation Training Center (C.E.A.N) supported by the Central Naval Aviation Authority (SC/Aero)
November 1, 1990: The National Association of Friends of the Naval Air Museum (A.N.A.M.A.N) is formed.
Museum collection
Hangar «Le Dodin»
Built in 1929, the hangar houses the museum's collection. Here are: aircraft, engines, equipment, flight uniforms.
- Jaguar M05
- MH 1521 Broussard 286
- N 262 A 43
- P2V-7 Neptune 688
- PA 31 Navajo 925
- Beechcraft SNB 5 709
- North American Harvard 820
- Piasecki Vertol H 21 C FR 63
- Super Etendard 8
- SV4C Stampe 7
- Crusader F8 E 11
- Br 1050 Alize 4
- C47D Dakota 716
- CM 175 Zephyr 16
- WG 13 Lynx 03
- Alouette II 1054
- Bell 47G1056
- MS 760 Paris 33
- Etendard IV M 7
- SA 321 G Super Frelon 160
- Caudron C800 Epervier 205
- MD 312 Flamant M 294
Hangar «Le St-Trojan»
Built in 1983 for the needs of the training of the Navy, Hangar "Le St-Trojan"
has an area of 1500 m2.
It is currently used to carry out the repair and restoration of the museum's aircraft collection in the best conditions thanks to the repair shops attached to the hangar.
There are also aircraft that were used to train and educate naval aviation mechanics.
- SE 203 Aquilon 53
- D 520 650
- CM 175 Zephyr 1
- Sikorsky HSS1 150
- WG 13 Lynx 04
- Nacelle Zodiac V 10
- Beechcraft SNJ25
- Br 1050 Alize 15
- Br 1050 Alize 1
Practical information.
guided tours are conducted by volunteers, members of the association
Museum opening hours for visitors:
Tuesday: from 9 am 00-14:00 and at 15:30
Saturday: 14:00 to 15:30
By appointment only for groups
Entrance fee for visiting the museum is not taken, but donations are collected for the needs of the association of at least 6 euros per visitor
The museum will be closed on Saturday, December 31, 2016.
On my own without knowledge French getting to the museum is problematic. Considering that the museum is located near La Foura, between Cognac and La Rochelle, the most optimal way to visit the museum is to include it in the program of an individual tour from Paris. It is best in the company of 2-3 people, so that the cost of the tour is reduced (so to speak, "pooling"). See more
- by car with a guide
Museum of Naval Aviation and Aeronautics of the French Navy in Rochefort
At the beginning of 1972, I received a letter from Moscow from the former commissar of our regiment, P. G. Avdeenko. He wrote that a meeting of the council of veterans of the 650th Order of the Red Banner of Brandenburg took place aviation regiment and it was decided to ask me to lead the work on the creation of a museum of military glory of our regiment. The commissar and the director of the school wrote.
The school administration, communists, DOSAAF and Komsomol committees warmly supported the veterans. Pathfinders of the 6th class "A" were instructed to start work. The guys gladly accepted the proposal to create a museum. We discussed a plan of action. Firstly, it was necessary to establish contact with the veterans of the regiment, to receive letters from them with memories, documents, photographs, personal belongings. Volto-rykh, they decided to make models of the aircraft on which the regiment fought, and models of fighters that covered us in combat sorties. Thirdly, it was necessary to gain access to archival documents of the Ministry of Defense.
Photographs had to be copied to return the originals to their owners. This is a complex matter, it requires professional skills, we have involved former student school of G. P. Ivanov, now head of the photo laboratory of the Balezinsky House of Pioneers.
So we began to accumulate very interesting material For those who fought for their homeland, the memory of the war is always in the heart. It largely depends on us, the survivors, what kind of defenders of the Motherland today's boys and girls will grow up to be. And therefore, a low bow to veterans who spare no time and effort to work with the younger generation, who help our school museum
The guys have a vivid impression from meetings with participants in the battles. One of the veterans of the 650th air regiment, lieutenant colonel of the reserve M. F. Sakerin, lives 30 kilometers from us, in the city of Glazov. , about what he will tell, what photos he will show to the guys
Let's go We call The door opens. In ceremonial uniform, with all the orders and medals, a little embarrassed, the owner meets us. "Come on, undress! I'm already waiting for you.” The guys come in in a timid flock, huddle, not knowing what to do with their hands and flowers.
Here, guys, - I say, - in front of you is the same Misha Sakerin, and for you Mikhail Fedorovich, a former flight navigator, then a squadron with whom we fought from 1943 until the Victory .. With bated breath, the guys listen to a story about the battles in the Caucasus and Kuban, in the Baltic states and near Berlin, about faithful comrades-in-arms. Mikhail Fedorovich gave the pioneers a navigation line
Models of aircraft for the museum, as planned, were made by our young technicians True, at school we had neither a workshop, nor tools and materials We turned to the regional House of Pioneers for help models Po-2, R-5, Su 2 and Yak-3 are demonstrated. Models of two more types of machines will soon be built. In the process of work, the guys got acquainted with the flight and tactical data of the aircraft, with the wonderful pilots who fought on these machines.
The most difficult thing for our military-patriotic activists was to get access to archival documents of the Ministry of Defense. The Balezinsky District Committee of the CPSU and the District Military Commissariat helped. On the basis of archival data, they collected material on the combat activities of the regiment, compiled a list of irretrievable combat losses, studied the schemes for carrying out combat sorties, and made copies of award sheets.
In Moscow, we visited the scientific and methodological office Central Museum of the Armed Forces Museum employees helped us in solving a number of issues, and the book “Promoters of Feat” donated by them turned out to be very necessary when drawing up a sketch of the design of the museum.
After two years of active search, a large amount of the most diverse material has accumulated. A room has been allocated for the museum in the new school building. Back to top school year prepared a sketch of its design. There was a lot of work, and there was little time left - by the 30th anniversary of the Victory, I wanted to open a museum. All students worked At labor lessons, they made bases for stands, showcases, fasteners, cut a plate for photographs Young technicians installed the speakers, assembled the amplifier, mounted the automation, finished assembling the models May 8 Grand opening museum.
Six years have passed since then. Over the years, our museum has been visited by several thousand people - schoolchildren, workers of the Balezino village and the region. There are excursions from other cities of the republic. Strong friendship connects young patriots with veterans of the regiment. The museum has become one of the centers of military-patriotic work at the school. Pioneers are accepted here and Komsomol tickets are handed out. The Council of the Museum organizes meetings with the participants of the Great Patriotic War, with the heroes of labor The meeting with the fighter pilot Hero of the Soviet Union I V Shmelev was bright and unforgettable. With what admiration the guys looked at him! With bated breath, listened to his every word! Three hours flew by like one moment. The students also remembered the meetings with the long-range aviation pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union A.D. Toropov, our fellow countryman, and with the attack aircraft pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union VN Opalev
Our graduates serve excellently in the army, as evidenced by letters of thanks from the command to the school and parents. It seems that our DOSAAF activists have done a lot for this The students of the school have an undoubted interest in the profession of defending the Motherland, many go to study at military schools Andrey Korolyov is studying at the military aviation school They serve in the military Air Force senior pupils of our school lieutenants Sergey Dmitriev and Sergey Parfyonov. Aviation specialists Alexander Skryabin and Alexander Fedorov work at Izhevsk Airport.
