On November 7, 1455, the process of the rehabilitation of Joan of Arc began. On this day, a touching ceremony took place in Notre Dame Cathedral: Jeanne's mother, Isabelle Rome, accompanied by the inhabitants of Orleans, appeared before three prelates sent by the Pope to investigate her daughter's case, and told about her as a zealous Christian who devoted herself to the cause of the liberation of France.The following days began with a survey of witnesses of the events that took place 24 years earlier, when Jeanne was convicted and sent to the stake as a witch.On July 7, 1456, the heroine was acquitted, and on May 16, 1920, the Vatican canonized.
On November 7, 1824, the largest flood in the history of the city occurred in St. Petersburg, a symbol of the catastrophe threatening it in Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman".
On this day in 1729, the Decree of the Senate was issued to punish the duty-free sale and smuggling of salt. This decree decided to punish the duty-free sale and smuggling of salt, as well as to establish outposts in the Kazan and Astrakhan provinces.
On November 7, 1794, Catherine II received a dispatch from Alexander Suvorov about the capture of the Polish capital. The general-in-chief's report was laconic: "Hurrah! Warsaw is yours..." The Empress, in the tone of her beloved commander, answered just as succinctly: "Thank you, field marshal..." So the commander found out about the promotion. Catherine ordered to send Suvorov the uniform of a field marshal, a military commander's baton studded with diamonds, and an invitation to live in the Tauride Palace. Among other gifts was a snuffbox with the image of Alexander the Great. Alexander Vasilievich did not part with her until the end of his life. Ekaterina explained his appointment as commander to suppress the uprising of Tadeusz Kosciuszko as follows: "I am sending two armies to Poland, one from the troops, the other from Suvorov ..." Shortly after the capture of Warsaw in St. Petersburg, an agreement was signed on the third partition of Poland. As a result, the country with that name disappeared from the map of Europe, and the border of Russia began to run along the Bug and the Neman.
On this day in 1865 in Springfield, Massachusetts, the Repeating Light Company began manufacturing the nation's first pocket lighters.
On November 7, 1869, the world's first long-distance bicycle race was held. Participants competed on the 135-kilometer route Paris - Rouen. The victory was won by 19-year-old Englishman James Moore, who lived in the French capital, who covered the distance in 10 hours and 25 minutes, including the time of walking up the steep hills with a bicycle. The same Moore, a year and a half earlier, won the first ever "chamber" cycling race in the Saint-Cloud Park near Paris, at a distance of 1,200 m - from the central gate to the main fountain.
On this day in 1876, Albert Hook of New York patented a cigarette making machine. The device produced a long cigarette, which at the next stage was cut into short segments.
On November 7, 1902, in the capital of gunsmiths, Tula, on the initiative of Fyodor Sergeevich Arkhangelsky, the first sobering-up station in Russia called "shelter for drunkards" was opened. In the first domestic sobering-up station there were two isolated departments - for alcoholics and for children of drinking parents. The institution was supposed to - I quote: "give free premises, care and medical care those persons who will be picked up by police officers or otherwise on the streets of Tula in a severe and insensibly drunk condition and who will need medical assistance.
On November 7, 1908, British physicist Ernest Rutherford announced that he had discovered the process of atomic fission. It was 30 years before the German physicist Lise Meitner, who was born on November 7, 1878 and emigrated from Nazi Germany, split the nuclei of uranium.
On this day in 1916, women's equalizer Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman to be elected to the US Congress in a little over 30 years before women would get a Senate seat.
On the evening of November 7, 1917, at 21.45, the Aurora cruiser with a blank shot signaled the gunners of the Peter and Paul Fortress to open fire on Zimny. Four hours later the palace was taken. The country, meanwhile, was unaware of the drastic changes. In Petrograd, Fyodor Chaliapin sang in the opera Don Carlos. In Moscow, the Moscow Art Theater gave "Woe from Wit". Konstantin Stanislavsky, Vasily Kachalov, Ivan Moskvin played in the performance, or rather shone ... And on that day, the first benefit performance of Alexander Vertinsky took place in Moscow. As you know, the singer did not accept the revolution and emigrated to Europe. Only at the end of 1943 did the Soviet government allow him to return to his homeland.
On this day in 1918, the first postage stamps were issued. Soviet Russia. The first postage stamps of the RSFSR were put into circulation in 1918, on the first anniversary of October revolution. The history of these stamps was somewhat unusual. Back in early 1917, immediately after the overthrow of Emperor Nicholas II, the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of the Provisional Government decided to issue a postage stamp embodying the liberation of the people from the shackles of tsarism. On them, the artist R. Zarrinsh depicted a hand with a sword cutting the chain, and the inscription "Russia". However, while the stamp was being made, the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks, and the newly formed People's Commissariat of the RSFSR, after some change in the stamp's cliche, instructed to issue it as his own. The first revolutionary stamps in denominations of 35 kopecks (blue) and 70 kopecks (brown) appeared on sale at the Moscow, Petrograd and post offices of the provincial cities of the country. They released several copies. Then a decree was issued from January 1, 1918 to send simple letters and postcards free of charge, at the expense of the state. This decree was valid until August 15, 1921. The first postage stamps of the USSR were issued in August 1923. They were dedicated to the First All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Exhibition.
While stamps were being traded in Russia, on the same day in 1918, the rumor that swept through New York that the First World War was over caused the stock exchange to close earlier than usual, and brokers took to the streets to celebrate the joyful event. In fact, the armistice agreement was signed only a week later.
On November 7, 1918, the Red Army destroyed the anti-Bolshevik commune in Izhevsk, created, in particular, by the workers of the city. And nine years later, in 1927, an alternative demonstration, organized by Trotsky and Zinoviev, took place on Red Square in Moscow and was suppressed.
On November 7, 1924, on the day of the next anniversary of the October Revolution, marking the birth of the Soviet automobile industry, at the head of a column of demonstrators on Red Square, the first 10 cars, produced by the Moscow Automobile Plant AMO (later ZIS, then ZIL, now JSC AMO-ZIL) from domestic materials. These were one and a half ton trucks AMO-F-15 - “one and a half”, which was an improved model of the Italian FIAT-15 of the 1915 model, selected for production in the USSR based on the results of the All-Russian Motor Race of 1923.
On November 7, 1932, two events took place, peculiarly in harmony with one another: in Leningrad, on Liteiny Prospekt, the GPU moved into its new building - the famous "Big House", and in the movie "Counter" Dmitri Shostakovich's song to the verses of Boris Kornilov sounded for the first time - " Do not sleep, get up, curly-haired, / Ringing in the workshops, / The country rises with glory / To meet the day!
On November 7, 1941, during the Battle of Moscow, a military parade was held on Red Square. As a precaution, it started two hours earlier than it was before the war - at 8 o'clock in the morning. On this day in Moscow it was a cloudy morning, snow, snowstorm, icing created difficulties in holding a solemn event, but on the other hand, bad weather prevented enemy aircraft from flying in. On the podium of the mausoleum were the top leadership of the state, representatives of Soviet organizations and intellectuals, advanced workers, military personnel. The traditional military ritual on Red Square was well organized and solemn. The parade was hosted by the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Marshal Soviet Union CM. Budyonny, was commanded by the commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, Lieutenant-General P. L. Artemiev. The features of the legendary military parade of 1941 in Moscow were: firstly, great difficulties in organizing and conducting it. The capital's garrison did not have enough troops that could be removed from the city's defenses to participate in the parade, all tanks and artillery were in combat positions. It was not easy to organize a parade of newly formed units without the usual thorough preparation, which in peacetime took one and a half to two months. Artillery units arrived directly from firing positions. The tank brigade, unloaded from the railway platforms, had to know exactly its place in the formation and the order of passage. The preparation of troops for the parade was carried out in the strictest secrecy. By order of the Headquarters Supreme High Command the commanders and personnel of the units did not know that they would participate in the parade on Red Square. They were informed that in mid-November, Muscovites want to arrange a small solemn review-parting word in the district Crimean bridge troops going to the front. The units allocated for this parade, in the order of the usual training sessions and on closed territories , it was indicated to strengthen drill training. Only late at night, around 11 pm on November 6, after a solemn meeting at the Mayakovskaya metro station, the parade commander, Lieutenant General P.A. Artemiev informed the unit commanders about their participation in the parade. The proximity of airfields allowed fascist aviation to carry out continuous raids on the capital for 5-8 hours a day. So, for example, in October-November 1941, the enemy made 72 raids on Moscow, on October 28, an air raid alert in the city was announced six times: four times during the day and twice at night. Therefore, on the eve of the holiday, the entire air defense system was put on combat readiness number one. About 550 aircraft were involved in repelling enemy raids on airfields near Moscow. And when on November 6, about 250 enemy bombers tried to break through to the center of Moscow in order to disrupt the festive celebration, anti-aircraft gunners and fighter pilots shot down 34 fascist aircraft. In order to tie down the activity of the enemy on November 6 and 7, distracting strikes were inflicted on the German positions in the Volokolamsk, Mozhaisk and Maloyaroslavets directions; secondly, despite the difficult situation, the grandeur of the parade was emphasized by the strict observance of the traditional nature of its ritual. By the morning of November 7, Red Square took on a festive look, it was freed from "camouflage", the Kremlin stars were uncovered and lit. The parade was held in all forms - in the traditions of the Russian army, with military music. For this, a combined orchestra was created, led by the quartermaster of the 1st rank, composer and conductor V. Agapkin, the author of the march "Farewell of the Slav". At the parade, as in peacetime, infantry, cavalry, artillery, tanks, sailors, Air Defense Forces and the NKVD were represented, cadets of military schools and work battalions marched in a solemn march. In total, about 28.5 thousand people, 140 artillery pieces, 160 tanks and 232 vehicles participated in the parade. According to the recollections of the participants of the legendary parade, the equipment shone, the soldiers were dressed in warm, solid uniforms. "Everything looked solid, solid." Bad weather did not allow 300 aircraft prepared for the air parade to take part. The only thing that outwardly distinguished the parade from peacetime was the lack of a demonstration. After the parade, all participants were thanked and given 100 grams of vodka each. Together with the Moscow military parade on November 7, 1941, a ground and air parade took place in Kuibyshev, where many evacuated government offices and the diplomatic corps were located; thirdly, the parade became at the same time a send-off to the front. If in peacetime the troops took part in the celebrations without ammunition, now everyone was in full marching gear. The infantrymen went with cartridge pouches, sapper shovels, gas masks, many had shoulder duffel bags. The fact that the soldiers, marching along Red Square, were preparing for battle, is evidenced by a misunderstanding that occurred at the end of the parade. After the solemn passage, two KV tanks turned and went back. It was an exceptional case, unprecedented. It turned out that the tankers at the parade acted as if in a combat situation, having received a radio signal that a tank had stalled at the entrance to Red Square and needed help, they, according to the instructions, went to help him. According to the memoirs of the military commandant of Moscow, Major General K.R. Sinilova: “If the crews were preparing only for the parade and thinking only about it, they would not have done it. But the people were at the parade, and they thought about the battle ... At first they wanted to punish them severely, but when everything turned out, it turned out that there was nothing to punish them for ... ”; Military parade in Moscow on Red Square on November 7, 1941, an address to the people on the radio by the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the USSR, head of government I.V. Stalin convincingly showed the whole world that Moscow stands, and moreover, challenges the enemy.
Parallel to Moscow, a parade and a festive demonstration were held in Kuibyshev with the participation of members of the government. Kuibyshev was one of three cities in the USSR where such parades and demonstrations took place. The parade of troops of the Kuibyshev garrison was hosted by K.E. Voroshilov, M.I. Kalinin, officials of the diplomatic corps, the British military mission headed by Lieutenant General MacFerlane, military attachés, correspondents of the foreign military press were present. The first to enter the square was a combined regiment commanding staff, followed by columns of the Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy. The infantry was replaced by sailors, cavalrymen, mortarmen, motorized units, an air defense detachment, mechanically driven artillery ... The solemn march of the units lasted more than two hours. As the Pravda newspaper wrote on November 8, 1941, “at the moment when the first columns of workers entered the square, red-star planes appeared in the sky ... Workers of old and new factories are coming. More enterprises are represented at the demonstration this year than last ... The people of the Volga region are coming - indigenous Rus'.
On the same day, the same 1941, the largest catastrophe in terms of the number of victims occurred on the Black Sea. On this day, as a result of a raid by German aircraft near Yalta, the motor ship "Armenia" sank. There were about 7,000 passengers on board the ship - the entire staff of the four Sevastopol and Yalta maritime hospitals. Only eight people survived, who were picked up by a patrol boat that accompanied the "Armenia". The motor ship is called one of the largest mass graves of the times of the Great Patriotic War.
November 7, 1946 in New York appeared the country's first coin-operated TV - Tradio-Vision. Pay-per-view was accepted in 25-cent coins.
On November 7, 1967, for the first time, a military parade and a demonstration of workers on Red Square in Moscow, thanks to the Orbit system, were able to watch the inhabitants of Siberia, the Urals and Far East as well as many foreign countries. For the first time, a color broadcast was made from Red Square.
On this day in 1970, the wonderful vocal and instrumental ensemble "Ariel" was born. The team, as they say, was conceived in the Chelyabinsk Regional clinical hospital three years before, and at first was called "Allegro". In the fall of the 70th, the talented composer Valery Yarushin and several other musicians joined the group, after which it was decided to change the name to Ariel. From that moment, the history of the team began. Successfully combining folk and rock in his work, Ariel created many hits that captivated the listeners. It is enough to name such songs as "On the Buyan Island", "Silence" and, of course, "Old Record" ...
On November 7, 1982, one of the first computers (which became especially popular in the USSR of the 80s) ZX Spectrum 16K went on sale. in 1982, such monsters of the computer industry as IBM shuddered - the ZX Spectrum 16K and ZX Spectrum 48K appeared on the market. 300,000 of them were sold in a year. 1983. Clive's success knows no bounds: sales of ZX81 computers reach 12,000 pieces per week! They differ from competing computers in portability, low price (about $150) and ease of use. He is knighted "for achievements in the field of high technology" and for attracting large investments in British industry. His Spectrums are sold all over the world. But blinded by success, Sir Clive does not see that the future belongs to machines more serious than gaming computers. And when the battle with Gates is already lost, he suddenly switches all the capacities of his company to environmentally friendly vehicles. Further, the list of Sinclair's inventions is as follows: C5, the first electric car. Complete sales failure. Zike, the first electric bike. The company is on the brink of bankruptcy. Sinclair X1 Button Radio, the first microscopic radio receiver. Sinclair's company goes bust and shrinks to one man - himself. Then Sir Clive retires indefinitely. Today he teaches mathematics at several British universities, is fond of poker and poetry.
November 7, 1990 on Red Square during a festive demonstration, an attempt was made on the life of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. A terrorist - a resident of Leningrad, a mechanic of the Izhora plant Alexander Shmonov, fired two shots from a sawn-off hunting rifle towards the podium, where the leaders of the state were. The note found on the perpetrator during the search read: “Ladies and gentlemen! I ask you to kill the leaders of the USSR (that is, M.S. Gorbachev and other members and candidate members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU) who were not elected by the people by direct and popular vote with free nomination of candidates. I believe that a little violence can be used to eliminate more violence. By great violence, I mean that the leaders of the USSR killed more than 50 million innocent citizens in 72 years and kept citizens of the USSR under bans, that is, they limited their freedom, and therefore the standard of living of citizens of the USSR was much lower than if there would be no restrictions on freedom. By little violence, I mean systematic terrorist activity...”. The forensic psychiatric examination recognized Shmonov as mentally ill, he was released from criminal liability and sent for compulsory treatment to a psychiatric hospital with strict supervision. On July 7, 1995, by decision of the medical commission, Shmonov was released. About the motives of his act, five years after it was committed, Shmonov spoke as follows: “Why did I decide to do this? I considered Gorbachev guilty of killing civilians on April 9, 1989 in Tbilisi and on January 20, 1990 in Baku.” Shmonov said the following about the reason for the failure: “Apparently, I aimed for too long - maybe two seconds. A sergeant managed to run up to me, he hit the gun, and the barrels went up. The first bullet passed over the Mausoleum. Other guards ran up to the sergeant, turned the gun in the opposite direction from the Mausoleum, so that the second bullet hit the GUM wall ... I loaded the gun with two bullets: the right barrel with a Polev bullet, and the left one with a Sputnik bullet. I shot well. In the army, from a hundred meters, he hit the "nine", the diameter of which is only fifteen centimeters. And on Red Square, I shot from forty-seven meters and aimed at the head. So I had chances... Of course, I had to aim faster... The demonstrators, of course, did not interfere with me, but the sergeant got ahead of me...”.
On this day in 1996, in accordance with the decree of President Boris Yeltsin, instead of celebrating the anniversary of the October Revolution, the citizens of Russia for the first time celebrated the Day of Accord and Reconciliation. It must be said that in the early 90s, Yeltsin was much more radical: he called the communists only “red-brown” and hatched plans to throw the “mummy of Lenin” out of the mausoleum. By 1996, it became clear that the majority of the Russian population was not ready to part with the values of the Soviet era. However, Yeltsin did not follow the path of the French, for whom the revolutionary holiday, Bastille Day (July 14), remains the main one. That's why new holiday was intended to symbolize the unity of all political currents and social strata Russian society. The day of November 7 remained a day off, and although the new government did not allow to rest on November 8 (which Soviet people are used to), many still celebrate this day with feasts - unlike June 12 (Independence Day of Russia) and December 12 (Constitution Day).
While Moscow was once again trying to rewrite history, it took off into the sky from Cape Canaveral in Florida spaceship Global Surveyor heading for Mars.
NewsDay of military glory of Russia
Since 1995, this day has been celebrated in a different way. Instead of the anniversary of the revolution, another memorable date is celebrated - a parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941, when military units, having passed through the square, went straight to the front. These were the most difficult days in the history of the war: the enemy stood on the outskirts of Moscow. The military parade of 1941 is an event equal to the most significant operations and battles of the war, when the unbending will of the Soviet people, the desire to repulse the enemy at any cost, was demonstrated to the whole world. Fighters appeared in the sky, despite the fact that the square was within the reach of enemy artillery. The parade on Red Square and Stalin's appeal to the people contributed to the strengthening of the people's faith that the enemy would really be defeated, and victory would be ours.
Information and Press Day of Kyrgyzstan
In 2012, the Kyrgyz press celebrates its 88th anniversary. Facilities mass media, radio and television, publishing houses and printing companies, by order of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, celebrate this day in memory of the first edition. It was the national newspaper "Erkin Too", today called "Kyrgyz Tuusu". The periodical press originated in 1913, and today more than 1,000 periodicals are published in Kyrgyzstan.
New Era Day (Renewal) in Tunisia
Holiday about new era reports only symbolically, as it is celebrated only 25 times. On this day, a coup d'état took place in Tunisia. The head of state, Habib Bourguiba, was removed from his post for health reasons. The revolution took place peacefully new head government (former Prime Minister Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali) read his address over the radio and took over. His associates helped him - a group of prominent statesmen. So in Tunisia began the era of a new politician, called the "new era", and the day of November 7 is celebrated as a day of renewal.
Wine Festival in Armenia
Traditionally, on this day, Armenia rejoices that God gives her a lot of grapes, from which a huge amount of fine wine is made. The celebration is held in Areni village of Vayots Dzor region. Through the whole millennium, a story has come down to us, stating that since time immemorial, Armenian wine has been known all over the world. Studies have shown that since the 9th century BC, winemaking has already developed in the country as a separate industry. The climatic conditions of Armenia allow the grapes to gain a large number of sugar, and the wine obtained from these varieties is distinguished by its strength. Strong and semi-dessert wines of Armenia have no analogues. Muscat, Madeira, port, light wines often win at exhibitions. The traditions of Armenian winemakers have been preserved to this day.
November 7 folk calendar:
Grandfather's Cries
On this day, snow or rain is sure to await - nature is crying. People began to cry with her, remembering their dead loved ones. At the cemetery, the graves are put in order, food was distributed to the poor, and at home on a plentiful table with favorite foods of the dead, they commemorated them, lighting candles at the same time. On this day, help was provided to orphans, offending them in Rus' is considered a terrible sin. Among the special signs, one can name the fact that on this day it is not advisable for merchants to eat bread or move from place to place, so as not to frighten off luck. This was especially true for grain merchants.
Significant historical events November 7
called him Byzantine emperor Constantine IV, nicknamed the Bearded, to appreciate the teachings of the Monothelites. The theory that Christ did not have a human nature, but only a divine one, caused a lot of contradictions and disputes. Almost a year of work of the Council has 18 meetings and a large number of participants. The final meetings were attended by 174 people. The heretics were condemned, the Monothelite hierarchs—four Patriarchs of Constantinople and Pope Honorius 1, Patriarch Macarius—were excommunicated. The teaching was cursed, and it was announced to all people that from now on those who wish to seek another faith will be deprived of their property and expelled from the city.
The doctor Fyodor Sergeevich Arkhangelsky proposed to open an institution called "a shelter for the intoxicated." The first Russian sobering-up station contained two sections - for drunken parents and for their children. Help in the institution was provided free of charge for those whom the police officers picked up on the street in an insensibly drunk state. The doctor noted that alcoholism leads to the degeneration of the nation and the moral corruption of the population. The idea was picked up by almost all cities - such establishments were opened throughout Russia. For the idea and its implementation, doctor Fedor Arkhangelsky was awarded a gold and silver medal at the hygienic forum in St. Petersburg. At present, sobering-up stations in Russia are almost closed.
Issue of the first stamps new Russia was dedicated to the first anniversary of the October Revolution. These were stamps with an unusual history. At the beginning of 1917, a sketch of the stamp was made, embodying the liberation of the royal people from the shackles. It depicted a hand breaking chains. After the overthrow of the Provisional Government, these copies were issued as a stamp of the RSFSR People's Commissariat of Postal Service, in denominations of 35 and 70 kopecks. A small number of stamps were issued, and then letters and postcards began to be sent free of charge, at the expense of the state. The first stamps of Russia after the collapse of the USSR were issued in 1992.
November 7th were born
Maria Sklodowska-Curie(1867-1934), French physicist and chemist
Maria Sklodowska was born in Warsaw, she was able to earn on her own an excellent education at the Sorbonne, she studied chemistry and physics. After graduating from the university, she became the first woman in the world to teach at this university. Her husband became a colleague and assistant for many years. Together they got Nobel Prize For the study of uranium, the Curies also discovered new elements - radium and polonium. The latter was named after Poland, Mary's homeland. After the death of her husband, Maria continues the family business and again receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She is studying the possibilities of using radioactivity in medicine. During the war, Marie Curie used personal funds to buy portable X-ray equipment for hospitals, and trained doctors to conduct radiological studies.
Leon Trotsky(1879 -1940), Russian revolutionary politician
Leiba Davidovich Bronstein(Leo Trotsky) revolutionary activity all conscious life. After the victory of the revolution, he held leading government posts, but was demoted and sent into exile in 1927. In 1929 he was expelled from the USSR. Abroad, he did not stop the revolutionary struggle and created the Trotskyist International, wrote several works on the history of the revolution in Russia. In 1940 he was killed in Mexico.
Arseny Vvedensky(1844 -1909), Russian literary critic
Arseny Ivanovich Vvedensky graduated from a theological school and a seminary. Education at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics did not work out, but he got carried away literary activity. His articles, reviews and sketches were published by the leading newspapers of that time. At first, he used the pseudonym Aristarkhov. Famous for editing the works of Griboyedov, Lomonosov, Fonvizin, " complete collection compositions” M.Yu. Lermontov. His critical feuilletons were published by such newspapers as "Order", "Voice", "Russian Vedomosti", "New Time".
Julian del Casal(1863 -1893), Cuban poet
A bright representative of modernism, Kassal in his work goes into the world of the exotic. His poems are characterized by pessimism, plasticity and musicality. After meeting with Spanish poets, he publishes a collection of poems, Sheets in the Wind. In his poems one can find exotic landscapes, melancholy moods. He died of laughter - an uncontrolled attack caused aortic dissection and sudden death.
Dmitry Furmanov(1891 -1926) - prose writer, author of the novel "Chapaev"
short life writer fell at the beginning of the 20th century, rich historical events: 2 revolutions, world and civil war, the formation of the USSR. As a teacher, he has worked medical worker, political manager and commissar of the Red Army in the Civil War. Fighting in Chapaev's division, he commands a detachment and receives a shell shock. Roman "Chapaev" - the most famous work, after which the novel "Rebellion" was written.
Pavel Alexandrov(1896 -1982), Soviet mathematician
Pavel Alexandrov created a school of mathematics, which played a big role in the development of Russian science. Topology became his specialization, about 200 works on this and other topics were written independently and in co-authorship. In addition, Pavel Sergeevich wrote several educational books and lectured. He became a Hero of Socialist Labor, for great services in domestic science awarded the State Prize of the first degree.
Georgy Millyar(1903 -1993) famous Soviet theater and film actor
Millyar received the nickname "All-Union Baba Yaga" after creating the image of Baba Yaga in a fairy-tale space, and then Kashchei. After the victory in the Great Patriotic War, the audience associated the image of dark forces with fascism, so Kashchei and Baba Yaga looked very bright in the finale, because in fairy tales, good almost always triumphs over evil. Georgy Frantsevich Millyar in childhood had the surname de Milieu, but never indicated his foreign origin. His talent for impersonation has amazed directors and audiences over a career spanning more than 50 years. The meeting with the director and storyteller A. Row grew into a true friendship. In total, about 70 roles were played, he also voiced a large number of cartoons and wrote poetry.
Rina Green(1902 -1991), Soviet theater and film actress
Rina Vasilievna Zelenaya got into acting school quite by accident. She went through a big competition and became a singer, but her natural propensity for humorous roles and parody won out. She began to use the name Rina when the word "Catherine" did not fit on the poster. In her youth, she managed to work in Odessa and Moscow theaters. Mature years were devoted to the Moscow Theater of Satire and the Theater of Variety and Miniatures. She came up with several stories for film scripts herself and brilliantly played these roles. up to the very last days Rina Zelenaya was accompanied by the love of fans and spectators. Last years the actress spent in the house of movie veterans.
Name day November 7:
On this day, Afanasy and Valery can celebrate their name day.
Ended up taking Winter Palace, the arrest of members of the Provisional Government and the proclamation of the power of the Soviets, which existed in our country for more than seventy years.
Celebrating November 7 began immediately; This day was celebrated in the USSR as the main holiday of the country - the Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Under Stalin, the festive canon also took shape: a demonstration of workers, the appearance of leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum, and, finally, a military parade on Red Square, for which the entrances to the main square of the capital were specially reconstructed. This canon was strictly observed, and even on November 7, 1941, when the Germans were advancing on Moscow, it was no exception: the regiments that passed through Red Square went straight to the front. The parade of 1941, in terms of its impact on the course of events, is equated to the most important military operation.
On the same day, the Day of Military Glory of Russia is celebrated - the Day of the military parade on Red Square in the city of Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941).
According to a survey by the Yuri Levada Analytical Center (Levada Center), in 2012, 18% of respondents were going to celebrate October Revolution Day on November 7.
More than others, pensioners planned to celebrate this day (31%) and, in general, Russians over 55 years old (29%), with a low consumer status - they only have enough money for food (20%), living in rural settlements(26%) and supporters of Vladimir Zhirinovsky (39%).
The majority (61%) answered that they definitely would not celebrate either the National Unity Day on November 4 or the October Revolution Day on November 7, another 9% found it difficult to answer.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
November 7 is a holiday in the USSR, which was canceled in the new Russia. Are there any prerequisites for this and what was offered to us in return? The beloved and bright celebration turned out to be unnecessary in modern society.
What happened on this day?
The history of the holiday on November 7 in the USSR is a memory of the great revolution of the twentieth century. Until 1917, Russia was an autocratic monarchical state, which at that time was ruled by Nicholas II.
A rebellious mood in the country had been accumulating for several years, and it was on October 25 that a revolt of the common people began in St. Petersburg against the inequality of social strata. Armed Bolsheviks took the Winter Palace (the seat of the provisional government), captured all the important information points (newspapers, post office, railway stations) and the main military points (city outposts, port).
The uprising was organized by 47-year-old V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin), 38-year-old L. D. Trotsky and 27-year-old Ya. M. Sverdlov. These people led the coup and were considered the main leaders in the country for several years. They created a new socialist state, constitution and traditions in Russia.
What holiday was celebrated on November 7 in the USSR until 1990
It was fully called: Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Why is "October Day" celebrated in November? Until 1918, time was calculated in the country according to But already in February, Russia switched to the Uprising lasted two days, October 25-26 according to the old style, and in the USSR the holiday was celebrated in a new way - on November 7 and 8. But the name remained as a memory of one of greatest events XX century, which changed the course of the entire world history.
In honor of this, thematic groups, villages and districts, streets, enterprises, cinemas are called. For example, in 1923, groups of children were created who called themselves Octobrists. And the candy factory "Red October" is remembered and loved by many generations of Russians.
history of the holiday
November 7 (a holiday in the USSR) has been celebrated since 1918 for only one day. Demonstrations and parades were held in Moscow, in the regional and regional cities of Russia. It was considered a day off, a "red" day of the calendar. In 1927, by decree of the Presidium of the Central Committee, the celebration began to be celebrated on November 7 and 8. In 1990, by decree of Gorbachev, the 8th becomes a working day again. In 1996, President Yeltsin renamed this holiday into "Consent Day". In 2004, it was canceled by V.V. Putin and since 2005 it has become a working day.
Countries still celebrate this day under the old name - the Day of the October Revolution. These include Belarus, Transnistria and Kyrgyzstan.
Parade on Red Square
Since 1918, parades were held twice a year, in which servicemen of the active army and military equipment took part: on May 1 and November 7. Holiday in the USSR in honor of significant event for all workers. The parade was hosted by the leader of the people and the commander-in-chief, as well as the leaders of the main industries.
In 1941 parades were temporarily canceled until 1945. During the Great Patriotic War, the country did not have the opportunity to recall the military and equipment from combat posts. A special event is the passage of troops in 1945. For this celebration, a special selection of employees was carried out: age - under 30 years old, height - 176-178 centimeters, military awards. After 1945, parades on Red Square were held only once every 5 years. In 1995, the passage of troops became on foot, without military equipment.
Demonstrations in honor of the October Revolution Day
If parades were held only in Moscow and large cities, then demonstrations are an event for everyone locality in Russia from the capital to large settlement centers. All sections of the population took part in them: workers, schoolchildren, peasants and students. November 7 holiday in the USSR was accompanied by the enthusiasm and joy of every inhabitant of the country.
A demonstration is a public event, the passage of people in groups along the main streets of the city in a single political mood. The procession is accompanied by music, slogans, flags, banners, portraits of current heads of state. The column of people taking part passes through the central part of the city, the main square and the platform with party and public leaders.
The best workers and students were nominated for the passage on a voluntary basis, the procession was accompanied by thematically decorated vehicles, songs, dances, acrobatic and sports numbers. Congratulations on November 7 Day sounded from the podium. A holiday in the USSR, poems and poems about which the great poets of Russia wrote, inspired all the people. People believed that from the day of the Great Revolution they became free and happy.
The most important years (chronicle 1918)
especially memorable days are considered: the first celebration of 1918, as well as the parades of 1941 and 1945. November 7 is a holiday in the USSR, the congratulations of the people at that time were an important political step.
- "Pantomime" on Red Square;
- amnesty in honor of the 1st anniversary;
- opening of monuments to Zhores, Marx and Engels;
- rally and concert;
- premiere of the thematic performance "Mystery Buff";
- Lenin's speech for the employees of the Cheka.
Parade during the war (chronicle 1941)
1941 For 5 months there has been a war with Germany. But November 7th is coming. What holiday is possible in the USSR when the front line is a few kilometers from the capital? But Stalin makes a decision that later historians will call "brilliant military operation." He holds the most grandiose parade, with all the most modern military equipment in front of the opponent's nose. Half of the units, after marching through Red Square and the personal parting words of the Leader of the People, immediately went to the front. The printed editions of England and France were full of headlines and photographs of Russian soldiers marching and saluting into battle. This move, "holiday in the war", lifted the spirit Soviet army. And Hitler, according to the recollections of his inner circle, was infuriated.
Preparations for the celebration began on October 24 under the leadership of Generals Artemyev and Zhigarev. The uniqueness of the task was in the strictest secrecy, and the complexity - in the besieged state of the city. November 6, Stalin holds a meeting in honor of the holiday in the metro (Mayakovskaya station). The congratulatory speech of the Commander-in-Chief is broadcast throughout the country.
The main danger during the parade was represented by German aircraft. It was believed that German fighters would risk flying outside the city in order to destroy the entire government of the USSR with one blow. In this regard, on November 5, Russian aircraft bombed enemy airfields. And only the forecast of weather forecasters, that due to low cloudiness the weather will be non-flying, defused the situation. At night, the Kremlin stars were lit, the masks were removed from the Mausoleum, and in the morning at 8 o'clock one of the most important parades in our history began.
1945 Victory
The first year of peaceful life. Tired of the horror of war, people want joy. After the grandiose Victory Parade, each event gives a new sense of peace, and November 7th is no exception. What a holiday in the USSR: congratulatory speeches, a parade of veterans, fireworks! And it's all on the brink cold war with America. Even Molotov's report on the Day of the October Revolution is the USSR's response to the US provocation.
It was from this moment that the arms race began and maintaining the reputation of a country so rich in technical geniuses. This confrontation between the two states will last until 1963. In 18 years, Russia will restore the destroyed cities, re-establish production. And by 1990, he will begin to forget what the holiday of November 7 was called in the USSR.
Oblivion or rebirth?
In 1996, the holiday received a different name. In 2004, before moving the day off to November 4 social group activists conducted a survey among the younger and middle-aged residents of the country. The goal is to have information about the events of the October Revolution and its importance in the life of Russians. Only 20% of the respondents answered the question about what holiday was celebrated on November 7 in the USSR.
What is this? Shortcomings in education or the real need for the modern generation to move forward without thinking about the history of their ancestors? In some cases, psychologists believe that moving away from a dubious event in time means moving towards progress correctly and more quickly. Do we need a day today, the significance of which died with the country?
Today, the October Revolution is an ambiguous phenomenon. It has a wide range of historians' assessments. The first point of view is the illegal seizure of power, which led the country to a totalitarian regime. Others argue that an uprising was necessary. It led Russia to modern society not in a capitalist way, but this unique case in history. Thanks to the coup, the country avoided the political collapse that was inevitable after the abdication of the king. The territory would be divided by such countries as England and America. Russian traditions, nationality and even language would simply cease to exist.
In addition to these two opinions, there are intermediate statements about how events would have developed if there had been no revolution. For example, professor of history I. Froyanov believes:
“This is too important an episode in history, and putting a plus or minus sign is simply incorrect. TO when there is just a change of power, the term "political coup" is more appropriate for this phenomenon. More than one generation will remember the name of the holiday on November 7 in the USSR, because it bright memory about the hopes and pride of the Russian people.
This date asks for a rethinking of our descendants. It is they who will weigh, analyze and compare the facts that are still so emotionally close to us.
Do not regret what was and has passed, take care of what is and look with hope into the future (SBlavat)
October Revolution Day 1917
November 7 (October 25, old style) 1917, an armed uprising took place in Petrograd, ending with the capture of the Winter Palace, the arrest of members of the Provisional Government and the proclamation of the power of the Soviets, which lasted in our country for more than seventy years.
Celebrating November 7 began immediately; this day was celebrated in the USSR as the main holiday of the country — Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution.
Under Stalin, the festive canon also took shape: a demonstration of workers, the appearance of leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum, and, finally, a military parade on Red Square, for which the entrances to the main square of the capital were specially reconstructed.
This canon was strictly observed, and even on November 7, 1941, when the Germans were advancing on Moscow, it was no exception: the regiments that passed through Red Square went straight to the front. The parade of 1941, in terms of its impact on the course of events, is equated to the most important military operation.
In the 1970s, the situation began to change. The pathetic and semi-official Day of the October Revolution has ceased to be perceived as a full-fledged holiday, giving way to People's Day Victory and New Year.
They have already begun to send people to the festive demonstration according to orders from enterprises. The military parade also began to lose its attractive power - the interest in technology and weapons among the new generation of Soviet people was rapidly falling.However, the population rejoiced at two days off (the days off until 1992 were November 8), and therefore, in parallel with the official holiday ritual on November 7, a folk ritual began to take shape: a morning family feast and watching the broadcast of the parade. This ritual had nothing to do with the revolution or state pathos.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the President new country— Russia - Boris Yeltsin on March 13, 1995 signed the federal law "On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia", in which November 7 was named the Day of the Liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from the Polish invaders (1612).
By his decree of November 7, 1996, Boris Yeltsin gave the holiday a new name - the Day of Accord and Reconciliation. The text of the decree, in particular, said: “The October Revolution of 1917 radically influenced the fate of our country. In an effort to prevent confrontation in the future, in order to unite and consolidate Russian society, I decree:
1. To declare a holiday on November 7 as the Day of Accord and Reconciliation.
2. To declare 1997 - the year of the 80th anniversary of the October Revolution - the Year of Accord and Reconciliation.
On December 29, 2004, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the federal law (entered into force on January 1, 2005) "On Amendments to Article 1 of the Federal Law No. military glory of Russia - the Day of the military parade on Red Square in the city of Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution in 1941. Article 2 of the Federal Law No. 32 was supplemented with the following paragraph: "November 4 - National Unity Day."
In accordance with the federal law of December 29, 2004 "On Amendments to Article 112 Labor Code Russian Federation", beginning since 2005, November 7 has ceased to be a day off. Instead, it became a day off National Unity Day, celebrated on November 4th.
On July 21, 2005, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the federal law "On Amending the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory (Victorious Days) of Russia". In accordance with the new edition federal law, the days of glory of Russian weapons are established - the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia in commemoration of glorious victories Russian troops, which played a decisive role in the history of Russia, and memorable dates in the history of the Fatherland, associated with the most important historical events in the life of the state and society. Among the memorable dates, November 7 is named the Day of the October Revolution of 1917.
On the same day, the Day of Military Glory of Russia is celebrated - the Day of the military parade on Red Square in the city of Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941).
According to a survey by the Yuri Levada Analytical Center (Levada Center), in 2012, 18% of respondents were going to celebrate October Revolution Day on November 7. More than others, pensioners (31%) and, in general, Russians over 55 years old (29%), with a low consumer status - they only have enough money for food (20%), those living in rural settlements (26%) and supporters of Vladimir Zhirinovsky planned to celebrate this day more than others (39%). The majority (61%) answered that they definitely would not celebrate either the National Unity Day on November 4 or the October Revolution Day on November 7, another 9% found it difficult to answer.
I think that we should not be nostalgic for the large-scale holiday of the Soviet Union that has gone down in history ... Our country has become different, our country is Russia.
The main thing is not to delete memorable date from history and learn the lessons of the past... It is important to remember, to study history without rewriting or mindlessly breaking monuments...
Our generation, born in that Soviet country, feels sorry for the "loss" of this holiday only for one reason - as for bygone youth, youth, and this period of life is always beautiful, in any system, ruler and season ...!
Russian President Vladimir Putin considers it important to give an objective assessment of the events of October 1917 on the eve of their centenary. He stated this at a meeting with young scientists and teachers of history.“In 2017, we have the centenary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, or someone is talking about the October Revolution, but, in any case, this event happened almost 100 years ago. This requires a deep objective professional assessment.” , the president said.
