slide 1
slide 4
1945 1943 1945 1941 Which of the above conferences of representatives, leaders of the USSR, Great Britain and the USA took place earlier than the others? Potsdam Tehran Yalta Moscow
slide 5
Locate in chronological order the following events: January 1944 July-September 1941 July-August 1943 July 1942 - February 1943 BGVA A) Lifting the blockade of Leningrad B) Battle of Smolensk C) Battle of Kursk D) Battle of Stalingrad
slide 6
Establish a correspondence between events and dates The beginning of the counter-offensive of the Red Army near Moscow on February 2, 1943 The surrender of the German group near Stalingrad on August 5, 1943 The tank battle near Prokhorovka on December 5-6, 1941 Fireworks in honor of the liberation of Orel and Belgorod on July 12, 1943
Slide 7
Which city was awarded the title of Hero City for the courage of its defenders in the early days of the Great Patriotic War? Brest Kyiv Leningrad Minsk correct answer
Slide 9
In February 1945, the leaders of the USSR, Great Britain and the USA met: July 1945 Correct answer November 1943 September 1941 In Potsdam In Yalta In Tehran In Moscow
slide 10
Who from Soviet military leaders commanded in all these operations - the battle for Moscow, the defense of Leningrad, the battles for the liberation of Warsaw, the Berlin operation? I.S. Konev G.K. Zhukov A.M. Vasilevsky I.D. Chernyakhovsky
slide 11
Creators of new types of weapons, military equipment during the Great Patriotic War were: 1) I.V. Kurchatov, L.D. Landau, P.S. Kapitsa 2) S.A. Kovpak, P.P. Vershigora, D.N. Medvedev 3) I.S. Konev, I.Kh. Bagramyan, V.I. Chuikov 4) S.V. Ilyushin, S.P. Korolev, M.I. Koshkin is they
slide 12
What work was created in besieged Leningrad? poem by A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" novel by K.M. Simonov "The Living and the Dead" story by M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man" Seventh Symphony by D.D. Shostakovich
slide 13
Establish a correspondence between the names of military operations and the names of the military leaders who commanded the decisive military operations during these operations: Battle of Stalingrad Liberation of Belarus Battle for Berlin Liberation of Prague G.K. Zhukov I.S. Konev V.I. Chuikov S.A. Kovpak I.D. Chernyakhovsky
slide 15
The name "Road of Life" is associated with the resistance of the defenders to the enemy: Sevastopol Moscow Odessa Leningrad
slide 17
The operation of the Soviet troops called "Bagration" was carried out in 1944: 1) in Belarus 2) in the Caucasus 3) in Hungary 4) in the Crimea
slide 18
The system of assistance by the United States of America to the allies through the supply of equipment and food was called: 1) indemnity 2) concession 3) cooperation 4) lend-lease
slide 20
"Katyushas" were called during the war years: 1) rocket mortars 2) class of fighters 3) U-2 aircraft 4) type of tanks
slide 21
Which of the following was a consequence of the battle near Moscow? 1) Germany began to lose allies 2) A radical change occurred in the war 3) The German plan for a lightning war was thwarted 4) A second front was opened in Europe
slide 22
The rapid restructuring of the Soviet economy on a war footing in 1941-1942 was made possible thanks to: military assistance Western allies the use of the labor of German prisoners of war the resolution of private property in the countryside the planned nature of the management of the economy
slide 23
Which of the above referred to the reasons for the failure of the German offensive in the Battle of Kursk? 1) The introduction of Siberian reserve divisions into battle 2) A preemptive strike by Soviet artillery 3) Use in German troops ah outdated models of tanks 4) The blow of partisan formations to the rear of the Germans
slide 24
A radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War was achieved as a result of: 1) the defeat of German troops near Moscow 2) the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad and the liberation of Novgorod 3) the battle of Stalingrad and the Kursk Bulge 4) the liberation of Kiev and Minsk
slide 25
Which of the named territories was included in the USSR after the end of the Great Patriotic War? Part of the Karelian Isthmus with the city of Vyborg Western Ukraine 3) Part East Prussia 4) Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
slide 26
The capital of which state was liberated as a result of joint actions of the Red Army and the People's Liberation Army, created during the war years on the territory of this state? 1) Bulgaria 2) Yugoslavia 3) Hungary 4) Austria
slide 27
Read an excerpt from the memoirs of W. Churchill "Second World War”and indicate the events of what year does it refer to? “Thus, during the six-month campaign, the Germans achieved impressive results and inflicted losses on the enemy that no other country could withstand. But the three main targets they aimed at, Moscow, Leningrad, and the lower Don, were still firmly in Russian hands. The Caucasus, the Volga and Arkhangelsk were still far away. The Russian army, by no means defeated, fought better than ever, and in the next year its numbers were sure to increase. Winter came. A protracted war was inevitable." 1) 1941 3) 1943 2) 1942 4) 1944
slide 28
2. Read an excerpt from the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (1943) and indicate the names of the cities referred to in the order: “Having repelled all attempts to break through to Kursk ... our troops themselves went on the offensive and on August 5, exactly one month after the start of the July offensive Germans, occupied ________ and _________ ... Today, August 5, at 24 o'clock, the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, will salute our valiant troops, who liberated __________ and __________, with twelve artillery salvos from 120 guns. 1) Novgorod and Luga 3) Minsk and Bobruisk 2) Orel and Belgorod 4) Kyiv and Gomel
slide 29
3. Read an excerpt from the German military plan and write the name of this plan: “The main forces of the Russian ground forces located in Western Russia are to be destroyed in bold operations by deep, rapid advancement of tank wedges. The retreat of combat-ready enemy troops to the wide expanses of Russian territory must be prevented ... The ultimate goal of the operation is to create a barrier against Asiatic Russia along the general Volga-Arkhangelsk line. Thus, if necessary, the last industrial region remaining with the Russians in the Urals can be paralyzed with the help of aviation ... "Barbarossa"
slide 30
4. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a German general and write the name of the battle that the author tells about: “The period of fighting that began in mid-September ... can be called a positional or “fortified” war. The time for major operations has finally passed. From the vast expanses of the steppes, the war moved to the Volga heights, cut by ravines with copses and beams, to the factory district of the city, located on uneven, pitted, rugged terrain ... For every workshop, water tower, railway embankment, wall, basement, and, finally, for every pile of ruins a fierce struggle was waged ... "Battle of Stalingrad
slide 31
6. Read an excerpt from the document and write the name of the measure described in the excerpt: “All residents of German nationality living in cities and towns are subject to resettlement rural areas ASSR of the Volga Germans, Saratov and Stalingrad regions. Members of the AUCP(b) and VLKSM are resettled simultaneously with the rest. Germans living in these areas are evicted to the territory of the Kazakh ASSR, Krasnoyarsk and Altai Territories, Omsk and Novosibirsk regions". Deportation Answers 1.1) 2 4.1) 3 1.2) 4 4.2) 4 1.3) 4 4.3) 2 1.4) bgva 4.4) 3 1.5) 3145 4.5) 3 2.1) 1 4.6) 2 2.2) 3 5.1) 1 2.3) 2 5.2) 2 2.4 ) 2 5.3) "Barbarossa" 2.5) 4 5.4) Battle of Stalingrad 2.6) 4 5.5) Order No. 227 "Not a Step Back" 2.7) 3512 5.6) Deportation 3.1) 2 5.7) UN 3.2) 4 3.3) 1 3.4) 1 3.5) 4 3.6) 1 3.7) 1 slide 34
slide 35
slide 36
Keleynikov Alexander Center for Children's Education "Evrika", Grade 7 Name of the project: Simulator: The Great Patriotic War in dates and events Supervisors: Myachev Anatoly Anatolyevich, Ph.D. Prigradov Mikhail Evgenievich 1. RELEVANCE OF THE THEME In 2010, the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War will be celebrated. This war entered the history of our state and the history of every family. However, entrance testing in a wide range of students showed low level knowledge about dates and events (WWII). Therefore, the topic of my work, which highlights the main dates and events of the Second World War and tests students' knowledge on the topic, is certainly relevant and in demand. 2. HYPOTHESIS With regular group and individual use of the simulator with illustrations, it is possible to increase the level of students' competence on this topic. The use of illustrations provides greater interest and a level of memorization. 3. GOALS 1) Education of citizenship, patriotism, expansion of their horizons, development of abilities for analysis and objective perception historical events. 2) Creation of a simulator in the form of a colorful interactive presentation that allows assessing the level of students' competence on the main dates and events of the Second World War.
Slide 37
4. METHODS 1) Search: Literature searches (Books, articles, sources on the Internet) Search for relevant photographs that adequately reflect major events Great Patriotic War. 2) Analytical: Analysis of the found literature. Analysis of results entrance testing on selected dates and events Drawing up competence diagrams based on the results of entrance and final testing. 3) Creation of an interactive presentation with illustrations. 4) Selection of material for the poster and development of the poster. 5. PLAN 1) Setting goals and approving the topic: September 2) Studying and analyzing literature: September-October 3) Conducting a survey and processing the data obtained: October 4) Selection of slides, project implementation: November - December 6) Testing students and processing the received data: December 6. RESULTS 1) All material is designed in the form of a colorful presentation 2) The presentation was transferred to the "Battle Glory" corner for regular use to test the competence of visitors. Sources of information: 1. Chronicle of the Great Patriotic War - Wikipedia: www.wikipedia.ru 2. fighting Red Army in the Second World War: www.bdsa.ru 3. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: www.velikvoy.narod.ru 4. Our victory. Day after day" - a project about the Second World War: www.9may.ru 5. The Great Patriotic War through the eyes of children of the XXI century: www.plakaty-vov.narod.ru
The events of the Great Patriotic War are forever imprinted in our history, memory, and also in our hearts. On the example of the heroism of the great warriors and the entire Russian people, more than one rising generation was brought up, learning courage and selflessness. Therefore, today it is very important not to forget the great feat that our grandfathers and great-grandfathers accomplished, to be grateful for it and proudly carry the glory of our victory so that not a single hero is forgotten and his death is not in vain. The war also affected our hometown, which was occupied by the enemy and regained its freedom in February 1943. And here we are, the descendants of those people who, at the cost of their lives, accomplished this feat, honor their memory on February 14 - the day Rostov-on-Don was liberated from the Nazi invaders.
Rostov-on-Don was occupied twice. The first occupation was very short - from November 21 to November 29, 1941, after which the city was liberated - until the end of July. Then it was occupied again for half a year - until mid-February 43rd. On the eve of the first surrender of the city, most of the population was evacuated, but after a fairly quick liberation, many (including Jews) returned to the city. Crossing the Don, 1942 (view from the left bank towards the city)
The rapid November breakthrough of the Germans in southbound was unexpected not only for the command of the Red Army,. Two battalions of the 230th NKVD escort regiment, entrenched on Zeleny Island, for several more days, repelling German attempts to seize the island, tried to hold individual buildings and even quarters in the Nakhichevan region. However, these efforts were not enough, and on November 21, 1941, Rostov-on-Don was captured by the Germans.
The Holocaust is the persecution and mass destruction by the Nazis of representatives of various ethnic and social groups(Jews, Gypsies, Freemasons, hopelessly ill, etc.) during the Third Reich. Permanent Jewish population Rostov region lived mainly in the basin of the Lower Don (Rostov-on-Don, Bataysk, Novocherkassk, Shakhty, etc.) and the Eastern Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov (Taganrog, Azov, etc.). In 1939, the population of the region, according to the All-Union census, was a person, including a Jew (1.14%), in Rostov-on-Don - Jews out of the total population or 5.38%. The Jewish community of Rostov was in third place in terms of numbers after Moscow and Leningrad in Russian Federation. In the summer of 1941, the number of Jews increased significantly, possibly up to a thousand people (including the rural areas of the region) due to refugees from the western regions of the USSR.
In the act drawn up in Rostov - on - Don on November 30, 1941 by citizens Gorbova, Kozlov, Alferova, Kobzeva and Lysenko, signed Art. Lieutenant Bukov about the wild atrocities of the German invaders during this period, it is indicated: “As soon as they (German troops) entered Rostov, they began to rob, mock civilians, especially Jews. They were killed just because they were Jews. They were searched for at home, in cellars, on the streets. Only in the house on the 36th line about kindergarten killed 60 residents - Jews, and in total in our area - several hundred, mostly women, children, the elderly. Before being shot, many were mocked, beaten, teeth knocked out, many were killed with butts, crushing their heads. Pieces of the skulls of these people were lying right on the street…” (Fund 32, inventory 11302, File 39, sheet 134).
The overall leadership of the extermination of Jews, prisoners of war and others in this region was carried out by the leadership of Einsatzgruppe D, Commander Walter Birkamp. The direct organizer of the execution was the head of the SS Sonderkommando 10-a, Obersturmbannfuehrer Kurt Christman. On August 6, 1942, Soviet prisoners of war dug large pits and ditches in the Zmievskaya gully, after which they were shot there. On August 9, an order was issued directing the Jewish population of Rostov to report by 8:00 am on August 11 to assembly points for "resettlement". From there, people were transported in groups of people and driven to the place of execution, where adults were shot (some were killed in gas chambers), and children were killed by smearing their lips with potent poison. Along with the Jews in Zmiyovka, a number of non-Jewish members of their families also perished. Subsequently, underground workers, the mentally ill, prisoners of war and other Soviet citizens were also shot there. Among the dead in the Zmievskaya gully was the famous psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein and her two daughters.
Liberation of Rostov German occupation began on February 8, 1943. On this day, the troops of the 28th Army under the command of General Gerasimenko entered Bataysk. Three rifle brigades liberated the southern part of the city, and then an offensive began on Rostov. The fighting for the city lasted for several days. The Nazis who settled in the city were almost completely surrounded. The liberation of Rostov on February 14, 1943 cut off the escape routes of the North Caucasian enemy grouping to the Donbass, returned the industrial and grain regions to the country, and facilitated the fight against the invaders in the Donbass. All this forced the Nazis to hold Rostov with all their might. In order to defeat the German fascist troops on the Don and the liberation of Rostov, from January 1, 1943, the Rostov offensive operation was carried out. Overcoming the enemy's fierce resistance and repulsing his counterattacks, by mid-January, the front's troops reached the line of the Seversky Donets, Don, Vesely, Tselina, where fierce and protracted battles broke out.
In early 1943, decisive battles unfolded for the capital of the Don, the city of Rostov. Troops of the 28th Army under the command of General V.F. Gerasimenko broke into Bataysk on February 7th. On February 8, the 152nd, 156th, 159th rifle brigades under the command of majors I.E. Sivankov and M.I. Dubrovin broke into Rostov from the south. The troops of the 248th Rifle Division of Lieutenant Colonel I. D. Kovalev fought bravely on the outskirts of the city. For several days stubborn battles were going on in the city. By this time, the 5th shock and 2nd guards army liberated Shakhty and Novocherkassk and captured Rostov from the northwest, while the 44th Army moved along the Sea of Azov. The Nazis who settled in the city found themselves in an almost complete encirclement. Only the way to Taganrog was open. But on the night of February 8, the Cossacks of the corps of General N. Ya. Kirichenko and the troops of the 44th Army under the command of V. A. Khomenko crossed the Don River and the Dead Donets on the ice, cutting this path as well. Troops of the 28th Army crossed the Don south of Rostov.
On the night of February 9, the 11th Guards Cossack Cavalry Don Division under the command of General S. I. Gorshkov crossed the Dead Donets River and quickly broke into the suburb of Rostov, to the village of Nizhne-Gnilovskaya, and held it until the arrival of rifle units. Having broken the resistance of the enemy, on February 7, the troops of the front liberated the cities of Bataysk and Azov, on February 12, Shakhty, on February 13, Novocherkassk and the 87th rifle divisions of the 51st Army fought for three days in the area of the villages of Aksayskaya and Aleksandrovskaya, and on the morning of February 14 entered the city . On the same day, parts of the 28th and 51st armies completely liberated the city of Rostov from the enemy. The combat operations of the ground forces were covered by the aviation of the 8th Air Army under the command of General T. T. Khryukin. As a result of the Rostov offensive operation Soviet troops advanced kilometers, liberated most of the Rostov region and on February 18 went over to the defensive at the turn of the Mius River.
"Liberation of Europe" - Victory salutes. Worked on the project: Konstantinova N. Kuzmina E. Yurchenko A. Conclusion: At the Victory Parade. Question of our work Plans of the Nazis Liberation of Europe Victory Parade Conclusion. Liberation of Europe. What were the goals Soviet Union beginning liberation campaign to Europe? Victory parade. Nazi plans.
"Victory in WWII" - Visit local history museum. After the war, your relatives looked for you, wrote to the unit in which you served. Help students conduct interviews with wartime children. The main characters of the story are foreman Vaskov and five girls anti-aircraft gunners. Barinova Olga - an essay based on the work of V. Zakrutkin "The Mother of Man".
"WWII 1941-1945" - Near Moscow. November 1943 1) the Battle of Kursk 2) the liberation of Kyiv 3) the battle for Stalingrad 4) the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad. G.K. Zhukov. Correct answer. Which of the following was a consequence of the battle near Moscow? I.S. Konev G.K. Zhukov A.M. Vasilevsky I.D. Chernyakhovsky. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 in dates and events.
"Stages of the Great Patriotic War" - Smyatkina I.A. GOU SPO (SSUZ) "Polytechnic College". Homework By contour map. Consolidation of the passed. Map. Task number 1 on the contour map.
"Partisan detachment" - Elements of guerrilla warfare. The formation of Soviet partisan detachments. The Bryansk partisan republic was formed. False partisans. Completed by students 7 "A" Shley Dmitry and Tsinevsky Victor. Great Patriotic War partisans. Jewish partisan detachments. Sabotage occupied a significant place in the activities of partisan formations.
- The plan "Barbarossa", drawn up taking into account the experience of the war in Europe, provided for the conduct of a "blitzkrieg". The German army was to advance in 3 groups: the North group - on Leningrad,
- group "Center" - to Moscow,
- group "South" - to Ukraine.
- In 6 weeks it was supposed to defeat the Red Army and reach the Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line.
Failures of the Red Army.
Soviet
near Minsk
For 3 weeks, the Germans occupied Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, most of Ukraine, Moldova, Estonia. The Red Army lost 100 divisions, 3.5 thousand aircraft, 6 thousand tanks. The Western Front was surrounded. At the same time, the Germans faced desperate resistance - the enemy lost 100,000 people, 40% of tanks, 1000 aircraft. Germany continued to maintain a decisive advantage, but as it moved inland, the offensive gradually slowed down.
Battle for Moscow.
To capture Moscow, the Typhoon plan was prepared. The Germans tried to achieve a 3-fold superiority in manpower and technology on this direction. On September 30, a general offensive began. Near Vyazma and Bryansk, Soviet troops were surrounded, but they fettered the actions of the enemy. The defense of Moscow was headed by G. Zhukov. In October, the enemy approached the city and a state of siege was declared in Moscow.
1941 poster
Battle for Moscow.
V. Pamfilov.
guardsmen
Panfilov.
On November 7, a parade was held on Red Square. Its participants immediately went to the front. west of Moscow Soviet command concentrated powerful reserves and on December 5-6, the Red Army launched a counterattack. As a result, the Germans lost 38 divisions, they were driven back from Moscow by 250 km, the plan for a "blitzkrieg" was thwarted.
Plans of the parties at the beginning of 1942
The victory near Moscow gave Stalin the illusion of a quick defeat of the German troops, and he set the task in 1942. launch a general offensive. G. Zhukov spoke out against this, but the headquarters supported the commander-in-chief. Stalin thought that the Germans in the spring and summer of 1942 would again launch an offensive against Moscow. Germany at that time began to experience a shortage of raw materials, and therefore Hitler decided to advance in the South, and to misinform Stalin, the Germans carried out Operation "Kremlin".
Hitler and Manstein
In the spring of 1942, the Germans still had the advantage. They launched an offensive in the Crimea and were finally able to capture Sevastopol and the Kerch Peninsula. In May, on the initiative of S. Timoshenko, Soviet troops launched an offensive near Kharkov and even managed to liberate the city. But the Germans launched a counteroffensive and surrounded a number of armies and destroyed 230 thousand. Soviet soldiers. The strategic initiative returned to Germany and at the end of June the Germans rushed to the southeast.
German
offensive
summer 1942
German offensive in the summer of 1942
They reached the Don on July 24 and occupied Rostov-on-Don. Stalin, in order to save the situation, signs order No. 227 (“Not a step back!”). At the beginning of September, the Germans approached Stalingrad and street battles began on the outskirts of the city. The enemy managed to cut the city in two, reaching the Volga in the very center of Stalingrad, but gradually their offensive potential dried up and the Germans themselves switched to defense.
Voronezh front.
Between fights.
occupation regime.
Shot
fascists.
By the autumn of 1942, Germany occupied most of the European territory of the USSR. An occupation regime was established on these lands. The Germans sought to destroy a single state, and turn the USSR into an agricultural appendage and source of raw materials work force for the Third Reich (empire). All power belonged to the military, they created death camps, carried out mass demonstration executions, drove residents to hard labor in Germany.
3. Occupation regime.
All residents had to work for the invaders for 14-16 hours a week. The Germans developed the Ost plan. According to it, Jews and communists were subject to complete destruction. The same fate awaited 30 million Russians, and the rest were to become slaves. In total the Germans destroyed 11 million people in the occupied territories. But they failed to achieve their goals - the economy on the occupied lands did not begin to function, even to a limited extent.
partisan movement.
A. Fedorov
In the Central
partisan
movement.
The atrocities of the invaders led to retaliatory actions - the population began a guerrilla war. 6,000 partisan detachments operated in the occupied territories. They destroyed more than 1 million fascists, 4,000 tanks, 1,100 aircraft, 20,000 railway echelons. To coordinate their actions, the Central Headquarters was formed in May 1942 partisan movement headed by P. Pono-Marenko.
4. Partisan movement.
launched
derailed
partisans.
In the cities occupied by the enemy, underground fighters operated. N. Kuznetsov destroyed the chief judge of Ukraine Funk, the vice-governor of Galicia Bauer, kidnapped General Ilgen. Elena Mazanik blew up the General Commissar of Belarus to Cuba. During the years of the war, 249 partisans became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and the legendary partisan commanders S. Kovpak and A. Fedorov were awarded this title twice.
Formation of the anti-Hitler coalition.
In the summer of 1941, England and the United States declared their support for the Soviet Union. In July 1941, the USSR and Great Britain signed an agreement on joint actions, and in August the United States announced that it would provide our country with economic and military-technical aid. In September, England joined this agreement. On January 1, 1942, an anti-Hitler coalition of 26 states was formed.
Stalin and G. Hopkins
in negotiations
under lend-lease
Results of the first period of the war.
Sign me up
volunteer!
The first period of the Great Patriotic War, which lasted until mid-November 1942, showed that the USSR was capable of resisting Germany. No country could withstand such a blow. The courage and heroism of Soviet soldiers and home front workers interrupted the series of victories of the German army. In the summer of 1942, the Soviet economy was transferred to a military footing, the Anti-Hitler coalition was created - all this created the prerequisites for the beginning of a radical change in the course of the war.
Evacuated
new place.
The threat of occupation of the front-line regions forced the export of all the most valuable equipment, raw materials, people, etc. from there. this activity was headed by the Evacuation Council. In a short time, a huge amount of cargo was transferred to Vostok. Within 5 months, 1,500 large enterprises and 10 million people were evacuated. New production facilities were erected for them in a new place, or combined with existing ones enterprises (Tankograd).
Restructuring the economy on a war footing.
Poster. 1943
Many industries were converted to the production of military products. In December 1941, the decline in production stopped and its growth began. All R. In 1942, the restructuring of the country's life for a military one was successfully completed, although Western experts believed that we would need at least 5 years for this. The Soviet economy eventually won the competition against the economy of Nazi Germany and this became one of the reasons for our victory in the war.
Education and science.
The war dealt a heavy blow to the education system. Thousands of schools were destroyed, there were not enough textbooks and books. But the work of schools continued even in the besieged Sevastopol, Leningrad, Stalingrad and other cities. In the occupied regions, the education of children ceased.
During the war, scientific centers moved to the East. Scientific research institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences were evacuated here.
Figures of culture-front.
From the first days of the war, thousands of figures Soviet culture went to the front. A. Gaidar and E. Petrov died defending their homeland. M. Sholokhov, K. Simonov, A. Fadeev and others worked as front-line correspondents. O. Bergolts, V. Inber, D. Shostakovich continued to work in the besieged Leningrad. The events of those days were reflected in the “Front Diaries” K. Simonov, I. Ehrenburg, N. Tikhonov and others.
A.P. Gaidar at the front
Figures of culture-front.
A.N. Tolstoy
pilots
Other representatives of culture went to the front as part of artistic brigades. In Central Asia, films continued to be shot at the joint film studio. Leningrad wrote the Seventh Symphony, which in the summer of 1942 was performed in the besieged city. Theaters continued to operate in Moscow and Leningrad.
Church during the war.
By 1941, 7 bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church remained at large. His example was followed by leaders of other faiths. The church not only carried out ideological work, but also raised funds for the needs of the front. Under these conditions, in September 1943, Stalin restored the patriarchate and released some of the priests.
Metropolitan Sergius.
Stalingrad battle.
Street fighting
in Stalingrad.
In the summer of 1942, the Germans occupied Rostov-on-Don and a few days later reached the Caucasus Range. But the Soviet soldiers did not allow them to reach the formidable oil and Baku. In October, Zhukov and Vasilevsky developed a plan for a counterattack near Stalingrad - "Uranus". numerous reserves were secretly transferred from the city and on November 19, 1942, the Red Army struck. On November 23, the Soviet units met in the area of the city of Kalach.
Stalingrad battle.
330 thousand people were surrounded, led by Field Marshal Paulus. In January 1943, after an ultimatum, the Soviet troops cut the enemy grouping in two and on February 2, the Germans capitulated. Their total losses amounted to 800 thousand .man, 2 thousand tanks, 3 thousand aircraft. This victory marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the course of the war. Under her impression, the allies decided to open the 2nd front in Europe in 1944, but Japan refused from the war with the USSR.
Stalingrad battle.
Battle of Kursk
These defeats bled the German army, but Hitler longed for revenge. He mobilized and sent 2 million soldiers to the front. The Tiger and Panther tanks, the Ferdinand assault guns were put into service with the Germans The German leadership intended to "cut off" the Kursk Bulge and take revenge for Stalingrad. At the suggestion of Zhukov, the Red Army switched to deliberate defense. By this time, it had received new T-34 tanks.
Kursk Bulge.
3. Battle of Kursk.
Pokryshkin
Additional troops were deployed to the Kursk Bulge area. On July 5, an hour before the start of the German offensive, 19 thousand guns delivered a preemptive strike on German positions. The Germans were able to start the offensive only a few hours later and in a week of fighting advanced only 30-35 km . An air battle unfolded in the sky over the Kursk Bulge. In one of the battles, A. Pokryshkin shot down 9 enemy aircraft. The partisans began “ rail war”, making it difficult for the Germans to deliver reserves to the front line.
Battle of Kursk
On July 12, Soviet troops went on the offensive near the village of Prokhorovka, the largest in history broke out tank battle(1200 cars). This day became a turning point in the course of the battle. Within a month Kharkov, Orel, Belgorod were liberated. Germany lost 500,000 soldiers, 1,500 tanks, 3,700 aircraft. In September 1943, the battle for the Dnieper began, and on November 6, 1943, the Red Army liberated Kyiv.
Soviet tanks
Battle of Kursk
4. Results of the 2nd period of the war.
Stalin, Roosevelt
Churchill
in Tehran.
In mid-July 1943, the United States and England landed troops in Italy. In late 1943, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill met in Tehran. An agreement was reached on the opening of a second front in Europe in May 1944 .USSR agreed after the thunder of Germany to enter the war against Japan. The parties worked out principles for the creation of the United Nations. These decisions predetermined the defeat of the fascist bloc.
1.Soviet people on the fronts of the war.
Starting the war, Hitler believed that the USSR would collapse like a "house of cards", but the Soviet people, on the contrary, only rallied.
Envoys from all the peoples of the USSR fought in the ranks of the Red Army. Dozens of national divisions and brigades were created.
Among the defenders of the Brest Fortress, who were the first to take the blow of the enemy, were representatives of 30 nationalities.
Battle for Mozdok.
September 1942
The Soviet people on the fronts of the war.
Partisan detachment
in Transnistria.
April 1943
Friendship of people of different nationalities helped in the defense of Moscow, Leningrad, Sevastopol, etc. Among the 11 thousand heroes of the USSR (during the war), there were representatives of almost all the peoples of our country.
On the territory of Ukraine and Belarus, people of 70 nationalities fought in partisan detachments. The friendship of peoples has become one of the sources of our Victory.
Uzbekistan. Collection
cotton. 1942
Since the beginning of the war, the severity economic development fell on the Eastern regions of the country. 1000 enterprises and several million people were evacuated here. The children of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians were placed in the families of Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kirghiz, Azerbaijanis and others. Enterprises evacuated to the East often remained there after the war.
The economy of the republics during the war.
Rolled products production
in Mariupol. 1944
huge role in economic life countries played a socialist competition, the initiators of which were Russians and Georgians, Ukrainians and Tatars, etc. In all republics, with the beginning of the war, fundraising began for the Defense Fund. With this money, 2500 aircraft were built, 5400 tanks, 8 submarines, etc. Since 1943, the union republics began to take patronage over the liberated areas, helping in their restoration.
national movements.
Westerners
Ukraine is welcomed
German soldiers.
The war revived national movements in those regions where the oppression of the center was especially strongly felt. In Ukraine, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, created back in the 20s, was actively operating, seeking national independence. Similar, but not numerous organizations appeared in Z. Belarus, the Baltic States, Crimea, Checheno-Ingushetia.
national movements.
General Vlasov
at the teachings of the Wehrmacht.
armed struggle against Soviet power were led by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Crimean Muslim Committee and the Special Party of Caucasian Brothers. In 1943, the Russian Liberation Army of Gen. Vlasov, formed from prisoners of war. The Germans sought to put national movements under their control and put their former white generals at the head. But the population did not support these organizations.
National Policy.
Camp ruins
Volga Germans
in Chita
The intensification of nationalist movements led to retaliatory measures on the part of the authorities. Not specific representatives of this or that people, but the whole people as a whole, were accused of betrayal.
In the summer of 1941, the entire German population of the country was declared “spies.” The Germans were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan. Following them, 50,000 Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians were sent there.
National Policy.
Expedition of the NKVD
in Karachayevo.1944
In 1943, 70,000 Karachays, 93,000 Kalmyks, 40,000 Balkars were deported.
On February 23, 1944, the most massive deportation began - 516,000 Chechens and Ingush were sent to the East. The Chechen-Ingush ASSR was abolished. In the spring of 1944, 194 thousand Crimean Tatars were sent from Crimea to Uzbekistan. As a result of the deportation, 144,000 people died.
The military situation at the beginning of 1944.
balance of power
Germany and USSR
In 1944, the German army switched to strategic defense. The USSR had 6.3 million German soldiers at the front - 5 million. We had an advantage in aircraft - 10.2 thousand against 3 thousand, guns and mortars - 96 thousand against 54.6 thousand. For tanks and self-propelled guns, the forces were equal to 5.3 thousand against 5.4 thousand. Based on this ratio, the Headquarters ordered to provide in 1944 final defeat Nazi Germany and the liberation of the territory of the USSR.
"Ten Stalin's blows".
On January 27, 1944, the blockade of Leningrad was lifted; in May, as a result of an offensive in Ukraine, Soviet troops reached State border. On June 6, 1944, the Allies opened II front in Normandy. On June 10, in order to prevent the Germans from transferring forces to the West, the Soviet command launched an attack on the Mannerheim Line. Soon Finland surrendered. On June 23, Operation Bagration began in Belarus. 30 enemy divisions were surrounded.
Border with Romania.
"Ten Stalin's blows".
Belarus, part of Lithuania and eastern Poland were liberated. Group German armies"North" in the Baltic was cut in two. In July, near Lvov, 8 German divisions were surrounded, and Soviet troops entered the city. In August, 22 divisions were surrounded near Chisinau and the Red Army entered the territory of Romania. By the end of October 1944, the territory of the USSR was completely liberated.
"10 Stalinist
Crimean conference.
D. Nalbandyan.
On the Crimean
conferences.
In January 1945, at the request of Churchill, Soviet troops launched an offensive in East Prussia. On February 4-11, the 2nd meeting of Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill took place in Yalta. The conditions for the unconditional surrender, occupation and demilitarization of Germany were agreed. The parties signed the Decla a walkie-talkie about liberated Europe, announced the convening of an assembly of the United Nations, and the USSR confirmed its intention to go to war with Japan after the defeat of Germany.
September
Having liberated their territory, Soviet troops entered Europe. On August 31, they occupied Bucharest, and in the middle. September liberated Bulgaria. On October 20, together with the NJU, Belgrade was liberated. In October, the operation began in Hungary. 200 thousand grouping was blocked near Budapest. Germany had to fight on 2 fronts. In mid-April began Berlin operation. The grouping of Zhukov and Konev dealt a direct blow, and the Konev group had to bypass Berlin from the south in order to prevent Anglo-American troops from entering the city.
Liberation of Europe from fascism.
On April 24, the ring around Berlin closed. Hitler decided to withdraw troops from the Western Front. As a result of this, the Americans rapidly moved forward and on April 25, on the Elbe, they met with Konev's army. On April 30, the Red Banner was hoisted on the Reichstag. On May 2, Berlin fell. On May 8, in Karlhorst, in the presence of Zhukov, Field Marshal Keitel signed the surrender. On May 9, the grouping in Prague capitulated. This day became Victory Day.
Battle for Berlin
Potsdam conference.
Atley, Truman
in Potsdam.
July 17-August 2 in Potsdam took place last meeting"Big Three". The United States was represented by G. Truman, and the British delegation instead of Churchill was headed by C. Attlee during the conference. It was decided to keep Germany as a single state, to carry out its demilitarization, denazification and democratization. The issue of reparations in favor of the USSR was resolved, new European borders were established, and "zones of occupation" were defined.
Destruction of Japan. Results of the war.
imperialist
On August 8, the USSR, fulfilling its allied duty, declared war on Japan. The Red Army launched an offensive from Transbaikalia and Primorye. The Japanese were overwhelmed and retreated in panic to the south of China. All R. Beijing was liberated in August, and at the end of the month, Port Arthur, Dairen, and Pyongyang. During landing operations the Japanese were expelled from South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.
Destruction of Japan. Results of the war.
Surrender
September 2, 1945 On the battleship Missouri, Japanese representatives signed an act of unconditional surrender. The victory strengthened the international prestige of our country. The USSR made a decisive contribution to the defeat of the fascist bloc. He destroyed 607 German divisions numbering 10 million people, 48 thousand tanks, 77 thousand aircraft. The victory came at a terrible cost. We lost 27 million people, 1480 cities and 80 thousand settlements were destroyed.
- In total, there are about 600 people from our village. Of these, 132 people died. Left our area for the war 8950 Human. 5400 none of them were destined to return home.
- 1. Stepan Krainov
- 2. Iskhakov Zinnatulla
- 3. Shagvaleev Galimzyan
- 4. Filippov Gordey
- 5. Afanasiev Kuzma
- 6.Chulkov Alexey
slide 1
Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945
slide 2
At dawn on June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany treacherously attacked the Soviet Union. Enemy aircraft inflicted massive strikes on airfields, railway junctions, naval bases, military units and many cities of our country
THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR
slide 3
The Nazis decided to destroy our state, seize the lands and wealth of the USSR, exterminate as many Soviet people as possible, and turn the survivors into slaves. Entering Soviet soil, the Nazis committed monstrous atrocities, carried out mass executions.
TASKS OF FASCIST GERMANY
slide 4
The whole country has risen. Everyone stood up who could hold weapons in their hands, who could defend their homeland. Yesterday's schoolchildren besieged military registration and enlistment offices, asked to go to the front, adding a year or two to themselves. And they left not to return.
TO PROTECT THE NATIVE EARTH
slide 5
The border guards were the first to take the blow. Despite the huge superiority of the enemy, the heroic border guards held out to the last bullet, to the last grenade, courageously defending every inch of their native land.
FIRST BATTLE
slide 6
With the beginning of the shelling of Brest at dawn on June 22, the units located in the city were alerted. At 7 o'clock the enemy broke into the city. The heroic defense of Brest began, which lasted over a month and was an example of the legendary valor and courage of Soviet patriots.
BREST FORTRESS
Slide 7
In the first months of the war, our Army retreated. By July 10, the Germans had already captured the Baltic states, Belarus, Moldova, most of Ukraine. In three weeks, our troops lost 3,500 aircraft, 6,000 tanks, more than 20,000 guns and mortars. Many of our soldiers died.
THE FIRST MONTHS OF THE WAR
Slide 8
Hitler attached exceptional importance to the capture of Moscow. He believed that as soon as his troops entered Moscow, the Soviet people would be subdued. The Nazis called their plan of capture "Typhoon" But these plans were not destined to come true.
BATTLE OUTSIDE MOSCOW
Slide 9
On September 8, 1941, the Nazis managed to close the blockade ring around Leningrad. The blockade of the city began, the longest and most monstrous in world history. It lasted 900 days and nights.
LENINGRAD BLOCKADE
Slide 10
Our soldiers fought heroically against the enemy near Smolensk. Most Glorious Members Smolensk battle- 4 divisions - the first to receive the title of Guards.
BATTLE OF SMOLENSK
slide 11
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
The Battle of Stalingrad was the fiercest of all the battles of the Second World War. The defenders of Stalingrad were stronger than death. In the glow of fires, in the incessant roar of explosions, they fought for every house, for every floor for 200 whole days, and they won.
slide 12
BATTLE OF KURSK
As a result of the Battle of Kursk, the strategic initiative finally passed to the Red Army. For 50 days there were fierce battles on the ground and in the air. On July 12, the largest tank battle in the history of the Second World War took place near Prokhorovka, which ended with the victory of Soviet tankers.
slide 13
IN THE REAR
Victory was forged not only at the front, but also in the rear. Thousands of people selflessly worked in factories and collective farm fields, providing the defenders with weapons and food. Women, old people and teenagers stood up to the machines and machines. Scientists created samples of weapons and military equipment that surpassed the equipment of the enemy.
Slide 14
The whole country - the army and the people, the rear and the front - united under the slogans: "Death to the German occupiers!", "Everything for the front, everything for victory!". The country has turned into a single formidable military camp.
slide 15
They collected parcels, wrote sincere letters, congratulated on the holidays. Soldiers and officers read these letters in moments of calm between battles. Such news from home raised the morale of the soldiers.
