What is the state Russian language - two aspects of one concept
The modern Russian literary language is one of the most universal languages in the world. With its help, absolutely any thought and concept can be expressed in several ways and fixed in the mind of the listener with varying degrees of accuracy and detail. In grammars and reference books, the structure and lexical composition of the Russian language are described to the extent of completeness that corresponds to the current level of linguistic knowledge.
The Russian language has a developed conceptual and semantic structure, the presence of a comprehensive corpus of original texts in all functional varieties and social functions. This makes it possible for the Russian language to function as one of the world languages. Ideas about the Russian language as state language Russian Federation require a special interpretation, since they can be interpreted in two equal and complementary aspects.
Firstly, the Russian language, understood as an integral sign-communicative system, in the status of the state language is legally distinguished from the languages of other indigenous peoples of Russia. Understanding the special role of the Russian language in the life of our country corresponds to the first paragraph of Article 1 of the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” (No. 53-FZ of June 1, 2005), which states that “ in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is Russian". The Russian language is recognized as a language common in all regions of Russia and uniting the entire territory of our multilingual country. This is the most universal language of Russia - all the most important knowledge about the world and society is expressed and recorded in a vast corpus of texts (original and translated) in it.
Secondly, the state status of the language, understood as practical, social function, highlights that part of the Russian literary language that is used by state authorities and administrations as not only the language of laws and regulations, but, no less important, as the language of official communication. Such an understanding of the state status of the Russian language corresponds to the content of Article 3 of the Federal Law on Language, which describes its functional properties. So, paragraph 1 of this article says that the state language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use " in the activities of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, bodies local government, organizations of all forms of ownership, including those involved in record keeping", and paragraph 4 obliges to use the Russian language" in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative proceedings, proceedings in arbitration courts, proceedings in federal courts, proceedings and proceedings before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation" and so on.
Functions of the state language
The range of theoretical issues discussed in connection with the problems of the functioning of the Russian language as a state language is usually exhausted by direct consequences from the statement that the grammatical and lexical repertoire language tools used to solve state tasks and the implementation of state interests, should be understandable to any literate native speaker of the Russian language and, therefore, must comply with the norms of the general literary language. Such an interpretation of the state status does not require a special description of the norms, procedures and rules for using the language in this capacity, because. the normative and stylistic characteristics of linguistic means are elaborated in detail in dictionaries and grammars of the Russian language. However, the idea of the mandatory normative nature of the use of linguistic means used in the socio-political, national-cultural, official-business, legal spheres of speech activity cannot be limited to general requirements compliance with orthoepic, spelling, punctuation or stylistic norms of the language. Distinctive properties of linguistic means functioning in thematically, compositionally and stylistically stable types of text, united by the official business style of speech, are the features of the communicative tasks implemented with their help, and the specificity of the pragmatic orientation of rhetorical constructions.
To describe the functions of the state language in this sense means to give a functional description of the language means of the state language. This means the need to describe the rules and norms of the linguistic interpretation of the text as a structural and conceptual whole, connecting the authorities and the people, society and an individual through communicative and pragmatic relations. social group, business owners and employees, officials and civil society. Without detailed description functions of linguistic means used in the state language, legally significant situations of informational or documentary disputes will continue to arise, when normative, regular interpretations of the text turn out to be officially indistinguishable from arbitrary interpretations that generate random semantic results.
Genre features of speech activity in the areas of use
state language of the Russian Federation
The functional properties of the state Russian language are fully manifested in texts designed in an official business style. This style of the literary language is formed in those areas of speech activity in which it is preferable to use a predetermined set of language tools, standard ways of deploying thoughts about a certain range of topics of discussion. In the official business style, a single speech etiquette is maintained and the obligatory adherence to such rhetorical patterns of speech construction that are best able to provide semantic clarity, intelligibility, and neutrality of the act of communication. For this reason, colloquially reduced, dialectal words and expressions are excluded from official texts, metaphorical meanings are not used.
The official business style is traditionally implemented in the texts of diplomatic, legal documents, instructions, orders and other official papers from the modern workflow. This style is gradually spreading to the sphere of business communication itself - trainings, negotiations, presentations, etc. The rapid growth in the volume of speech activity in this genre leads to the need to develop modern norms and rules that contribute to the development and improvement of this style of literary language.
The content of official business style documents is subject to such requirements that are designed to eliminate all kinds of ambiguities and discrepancies. Speech, built according to the patterns and rules of the official business style, is the result of a consistent assembly of the meanings of words and phrases into statements that are devoid of individuality, but have a predictable, uniformly extractable meaning. As a result, the distinguishing features of the texts of this genre are clarity, accuracy, specificity, clarity of wording, as well as conciseness of presentation and special forms of material arrangement. Sometimes the virtues of style turn into its disadvantages. For example, a rule that allows the sequential subordination of the same type of forms in the definitive meaning genitive, has no formal restrictions, therefore it allows you to create constructions like: " Department for work with citizens' appeals and organizing the reception of the population of the Department of Administration of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation". And the rules that allow the construction of abbreviations from the names of enterprises allow the formation of names like: company "Volgovyatelektromashsnabsbyt". Given the rules that apply in other language styles, such names seem impossible. However, for a business style, this name, although it can be assessed as somewhat long, is quite understandable and has an important advantage - it is unique, and therefore easily recognizable. Moreover, it is quite convenient to use it in writing, because. it changes in a standard way for cases and numbers (cf.: demand from Volgovyatelectromashsnabsbyt, transfer to Volgovyatelectromashsnabsbyt).
Tasks of examination of texts in the state language
Texts generated in the socio-political, legal, socio-economic spheres human activity, usually operate with information presented in the form of facts, therefore official business texts should be devoid of signs of an individual author's style and be understood unambiguously. To do this, they must be created according to a certain scheme, using words that have clear connections with the concepts that motivate them. All this inevitably gives rise to the need to develop practical language rules that ensure not only the unification of the data structure, but also allow you to significantly save time both when preparing texts and when reading them. The public need for rules intended for official business texts is realized through the development of special state standards.
The first such obligatory set of rules, adopted to eliminate inconsistency and inconsistency in the spelling of words, when they were transferred and the rules for highlighting syntactic units, were the “Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation”, officially approved only in 1956. Since then, several standards have been adopted in the country that apply to official business texts (on information, librarianship and publishing). Today in the Russian Federation, many written, printed works and publications (laws and by-laws, administrative documents, educational, reference literature, abstracts, theses, essays, etc.) are prepared and executed according to certain well-established rules. Standards for paperwork in the field of office work in various areas have been adopted or are being developed professional activity(for example, GOST 7.32-2001, which defines the structure and rules for preparing reports on research work), many departments independently develop internal standards for conditional abbreviations, abbreviations, numerical designations quantitative indicators, accounting documentation, etc.
At the same time, many official documents that are similar structurally and thematically are prepared without relying on exemplary texts, without taking into account the opinions of language experts. The time has come to move from formal unification to the development of language standards that would take into account the specifics of word order, the features of rhetorical constructions related to the communicative tasks of the text and its target orientation. However, this work cannot be carried out without the participation of specialists in the field of official business Russian. As studies show, the applied patterns and rules linear construction speeches intended, it would seem, to ensure the most reliable communication, sometimes contradict each other. Convincing examples of this can be found even in the texts of federal laws. Usually, if there is a need for their additional interpretation, it is customary to rely on the results of grammatical and syntactic analysis of the text. The importance of the language formulation of the norm for its understanding and application has been repeatedly confirmed by practice. Verbal inaccuracy, the absence of a comma, the wrong case, the wrong kind of verb can significantly distort the meaning of a normative act, lead to the fact that the act will be understood and applied in a completely different way than the law-making body intended.
Of course, if the rules of spelling or punctuation are violated in the text, then the text must be understood as if this error did not exist. However, in some cases it can be difficult to decide whether this is an error or whether the text contains the meaning that follows when read literally. In this case, a study of a broader context is required, which can be carried out only after an examination of the text.
In turn, linguistic examination of the text can be carried out only if, firstly, there are authoritative reference books containing a detailed normative description of the entire arsenal of language tools used in all areas of speech activity of the modern Russian literary language, and, secondly, based on proven methods linguistic characteristics of the text, the use of which would give reasonable and evidence-based data about its content.
Such techniques should contribute to the fulfillment of the main task of the linguist, which is to, according to the rules linguistic analysis highlight the available textual information and characterize it. To do this, the source text must undergo expert processing - its content must be interpreted according to clear rules, reduced and converted into analytical and reference information containing linguistic knowledge about the text and knowledge about the real world reflected in the text.
State tasks of language building in Russia
The Russian language in the function of the state language needs to be purposefully strengthened and developed. After all, they acquired state status in legislative form only with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 No. 1807-I “On the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation”. It was then that the official recognition of the Russian language as the state language took place. Later, the legislative norms approving the state status of the Russian language in the Russian Federation were enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 and in the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” dated June 1, 2005 No. 53-FZ.
The adopted legislative norms make it possible to determine the procedure for the formation, development and regulation of the language means of the modern Russian literary language used in the state function. To do this, it is necessary to carry out research work to clarify the declarative norms and procedural rules for the use of that part of the language means that is used in the function of the state language, as well as to explore and describe the cognitive properties of the language apparatus, conduct a complete inventory and create a reliable description of the language tools used in this function.
A separate problem that requires special regulation is the problem of legal control, maintaining and strengthening the status of that part of the Russian literary language that is used as the state language of the Russian Federation. Russian state, whose citizens speak one of the world languages, should be interested in the development and improvement of those language tools that are used in speech activities that promote national humanitarian values. From this point of view, it can be argued that the state function of the Russian language is to consolidate and develop knowledge about moral principles. public life in Russia, traditional moral values and social norms. Any state should cultivate the speech reflection of society on issues related to the freedom of the individual, with the possibilities of the moral choice of the individual, with the development of social cultural heritage countries; with the encouragement of respect for the faith, language, traditions and customs of the ancestors; with a discussion of the problems of social justice, goodness, kindness, humanity, tolerance for a different point of view, respect for the rights of religious denominations, etc. Any language or speech restrictions in this area are fraught with stagnation national language, delays and lags in its development relative to other world languages.
In order to maintain national sovereignty in the field of international information exchange, the state must actively develop the practice of public speech activity in Russian. Until recently, the Russian language acted as a convenient and full-fledged channel of communication with foreign-language partners. However, now that information Technology use the Latin alphabet and English vocabulary as a working language scientific conferences English is used, international negotiations are often conducted on both sides without an interpreter in English language, the prestige of other officially recognized world languages is falling. Accordingly, the linguistic and cultural sovereignty of countries that speak other languages is subject to significant restrictions.
The new "regional" status of the former world languages has to be interpreted as a clear sign of the reduction of their cultural and scientific significance. In order to prevent further decline in the status and role of the Russian language in the world, it is necessary to actively develop and improve national language building. To do this, it is necessary to achieve not only that the texts containing the world achievements of scientific thought in the humanities, socio-political, economic research, the best works of art etc., were presented in Russian, but also to ensure that the authors and readers of the texts have a clear idea of the semantic-grammatical rules and norms of speech use of language means.
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Decree on the Day of the Russian Language
Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. ORDER N 401 dated December 29, 2008 On approval of the list of higher educational institutions and other organizations that conduct an examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 2006 N 714 On the procedure for approving the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation
Decree of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation of August 17, 1995 No. 1495 On the spelling of the names of the states - the former republics of the USSR and their capitals
DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
About the Russian Language Day
In order to preserve, support and develop the Russian language as a national heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, a means of international communication and an integral part of the cultural and spiritual heritage of world civilization, I decide: 1. Establish the Day of the Russian Language and celebrate it annually, on June 6, on the birthday of the great Russian poet, the founder of the modern Russian literary language A. S. Pushkin.
2. This Decree comes into force from the date of its signing.
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (Ministry of Education and Science of Russia)
ORDER N 195 from June 08, 2009 Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated August 06, 2009 N 14483
On the approval of the list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language
In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 2006 N 714 "On the procedure for approving the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, N 48 , art. 5042) and on the basis of the recommendations of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language (based on the results of the examination) (minutes of April 29, 2009 N 10)I order:
1. Approve the attached list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation.
2. To impose control over the execution of this order on the Deputy Minister Kalina I.I.
Minister A. Fursenko
Application. APPROVED by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated June 08, 2009 N 195
A LIST of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation
1. Spelling dictionary of the Russian language. Bukchina B.Z., Sazonova I.K., Cheltsova L.K. - M: "AST-PRESS", 2008. - 1288 p.
2. Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language: Inflection. Zaliznyak A.A. - M.: "AST-PRESS" 2008. - 794 p.
3. Dictionary of stresses of the Russian language. Reznichenko I. L. - M .: "AST-PRESS", 2008. - 943 p.
4. Large phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Use. cultural commentary. Teliya V.N. - M. : "AST-PRESS", 2008. - 782 p.
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (Ministry of Education and Science of Russia)
ORDER N 19608 of June 2009 Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 06, 2009 N 14212
On making changes to the list of higher educational institutions and other organizations that conduct an examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2008 No. 401
In accordance with paragraph 5 of the Regulations on the procedure for the examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2007 N 152 (registered Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on July 2, 2007, registration N 9747. Bulletin of normative acts of federal executive bodies, 2007, N 28), and based on the decision of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language (minutes of April 29, 2009 N 10)
I order:
1. Include in the list of higher educational institutions and other organizations that conduct an examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2008 No. 401 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 12, 2009, registration No. 13305. Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2009, No. 30), Institution Russian Academy Sciences Institute of Linguistic Research RAS.
Minister A. Fursenko
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (Ministry of Education and Science of Russia)
ORDER N 401 from December 29, 2008 Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 12, 2009 N 13305
On approval of the list of higher educational institutions and other organizations that carry out the examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation
In accordance with paragraph 5 of the Regulations on the procedure for the examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2007 N 152 (registered Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of July 2, 2007, registration N 9747. Bulletin of normative acts of federal executive bodies, 2007, N 28), and based on the decision of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language (minutes of November 21, 2008 N 9)I order:
1. To approve the attached list of higher educational institutions and other organizations that carry out an examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation.
2. To impose control over the execution of this order on the Deputy Minister Kalina I.I.
Minister A. Fursenko
Application
Approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2008 No. 401
LIST of higher educational institutions and other organizations that conduct an examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation
1. Federal State Scientific Institution “Institute of the Russian Language named after V.V. Vinogradov of the Russian Academy of Sciences.2. State educational institution of higher vocational education « State Institute Russian language them. A. S. Pushkin.
3. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Moscow State University them. M. V. Lomonosov.
4. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University".
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 2006 N 714 Moscow On the procedure for approving the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation
Published November 29, 2006In accordance with Part 3 of Article 1 of the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation", the Government of the Russian Federation decides:
Establish that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:
Approves, based on the recommendations of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language, a list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation (according to the results of the examination), as well as the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation;
- determines the procedure for conducting an examination of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation.
At the same time, the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation is understood as a set of language means and rules for their use in the areas of use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.
Prime Minister Russian Federation M. Fradkov
On the spelling of the names of the states - the former republics of the USSR and their capitals
Decree of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation of August 17, 1995 No. 1495Moscow
In order to ensure uniformity in the spelling of the names of the states - the former republics of the USSR and from the capitals, use in documents created in the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, in official correspondence and official negotiations the names of the states - the former republics of the USSR and their capitals according to the attached list.
First Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation S. Krasavchenko
Allow, when signing international treaties and other documents, to take into account, if necessary, the wishes of counterparties regarding the spelling of the mentioned names.
V. Chernomyrdin
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*Full and short forms of state names are equivalent
Law on the state language of Russia
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of June 1, 2005 N 53-FZ On the state language of the Russian Federation
Accepted State Duma May 20, 2005. Approved by the Federation Council on May 25, 2005 Real the federal law is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation, protecting and developing linguistic culture.
Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation
1. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is the Russian language.2. The status of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for the obligatory use of the Russian language in the areas defined by this Federal Law, other federal laws, the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-I "On the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation" and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation.
3. The procedure for approving the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
4. The state language of the Russian Federation is a language that promotes mutual understanding, strengthening interethnic ties between the peoples of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state.
5. Protection and support of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation contribute to the multiplication and mutual enrichment of the spiritual culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation.
6. When using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, it is not allowed to use words and expressions that do not correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language, with the exception of foreign words that do not have commonly used analogues in the Russian language.
7. The obligation to use the state language of the Russian Federation shall not be interpreted as a denial or derogation of the right to use the state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation and the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation.
Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation
The legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws, Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-I "On languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation" and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the problems of the language.Article 3. Spheres of use of the state language of the Russian Federation
1. The official language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use:1) in the activities of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership, including in the activities of record keeping;
2) in the names of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local self-government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership;
3) during the preparation and conduct of elections and referendums;
4) in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative proceedings, proceedings in arbitration courts, proceedings in federal courts, proceedings and proceedings before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
5) upon official publication of international treaties of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts;
6) in relations between federal state authorities, state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership and citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, public associations;
7) when writing the names of geographical objects, applying inscriptions on road signs;
8) when drawing up documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, preparing forms of certificates of state registration of acts of civil status, drawing up documents on education issued by state-accredited educational institutions, as well as other documents, the execution of which in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, it is carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, when registering the addresses of senders and recipients of telegrams and postal items sent within the Russian Federation, postal money orders;
9) in the activities of all-Russian, regional and municipal television and radio broadcasting organizations, editorial offices of all-Russian, regional and municipal printed periodicals, with the exception of the activities of television and radio broadcasting organizations and editorial offices of printed periodicals established specifically for television and (or) radio broadcasting or publishing printed materials on state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages, as well as with the exception of cases where the use of vocabulary that does not comply with the norms of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation is an integral part of the artistic concept;
10) in advertising;
11) in other areas defined by federal laws.
2. In cases of use in the areas specified in Part 1 of this Article, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state language of the republic that is part of the Russian Federation, other languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, texts in Russian and in the state language of the republic that is as part of the Russian Federation, other languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must be identical in content and technical design, legible, sound information (including in audio and audiovisual materials, television and radio programs) in Russian and the specified information in the state language of the republic that is part of the Russian Federation, other languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must also be identical in content, sound and transmission methods.
3. The provisions of part 2 of this article do not apply to trade names, trademarks, service marks, as well as television and radio programs, audio and audiovisual materials, printed publications intended for teaching the state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.
Article 4. Protection and support of the state language of the Russian Federation
In order to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation, federal government bodies, within their competence:1) ensure the functioning of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation;
2) develop and adopt federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation, develop and implement relevant federal targeted programs aimed at protecting and supporting the state language of the Russian Federation;
3) take measures aimed at ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation;
4) take measures to improve the education system and the system of training specialists in the field of the Russian language and teachers of Russian as a foreign language, as well as train scientific and pedagogical personnel for educational institutions with instruction in Russian outside the Russian Federation;
5) promote the study of the Russian language outside the Russian Federation;
6) carry out state support for the publication of dictionaries and grammars of the Russian language;
7) exercise control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation;
8) take other measures to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation.
Article 5. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation
1. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation provides for:1) receiving education in Russian in state and municipal educational institutions;
2) obtaining information in Russian from federal state authorities, state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership;
3) obtaining information in Russian through all-Russian, regional and municipal means mass media. This provision does not apply to mass media established specifically for television and (or) radio broadcasting or publication of printed materials in the state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.
2. Persons who do not speak the state language of the Russian Federation, when exercising and protecting their rights and legitimate interests on the territory of the Russian Federation, in cases provided for by federal laws, are provided with the right to use the services of translators.
Article 6. Liability for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation
1. Adoption of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at restricting the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as other actions and violations that impede the exercise of the right of citizens to use the state language of the Russian Federation, entail liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.2. Violation of this Federal Law entails liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 7. Entry into force of this Federal Law
This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.President of the Russian Federation V. Putin
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
THE FEDERAL LAW
ON THE STATE LANGUAGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Accepted
State Duma
Approved
Federation Council
This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation, protecting and developing linguistic culture.
Federal Law of 01.01.2001 "On approval of the federal program for the development of education" (as amended by the Federal Law of 01.01.2001). "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 72, 04/13/2000.
Subsection 2. Problems of education
The development of education takes place in the most difficult situation. The activities of educational institutions are destabilized by factors, among which the main ones are:
There is a growing threat of violation of the unity of the educational space in terms of teaching the Russian language as the state language. Discrepancies between federal and national-regional components of the standards of the humanities are increasing.
Section III. DIRECTIONS OF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
AND EXPECTED RESULTS
Subsection 1. General directions of development
education systems
The main directions of development of the education system are:
implementation of the rights of citizens to study the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation and the official working language of the United Nations;
6. Higher and postgraduate professional education.
The main directions of development of higher and postgraduate professional education are:
creation of a system of state support for teaching in foreign countries the Russian language as the official working language of the United Nations, other international organizations - the language of world-class culture.
Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation
1. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is the Russian language.
Federal Law No. 8-FZ of January 1, 2001 "On the All-Russian Population Census". "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 17, 01/29/2002.
Article 6Information about the population and the procedure for their collection.
1. Information about the population may contain the following data on persons subject to the All-Russian Population Census:
age (date of birth);
citizenship (status of citizenship, dual citizenship, name of the state or states of which the respondent is a citizen);
nationality;
language proficiency (native language, Russian language, other language or other languages);
general education (primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general) and vocational education (primary vocational, secondary vocational, higher professional, postgraduate professional);
marital status;
amount of children;
family relations with persons living together;
place of birth (name of the state, subject of the Russian Federation);
place of residence and (or) place of stay (name of the state, subject of the Russian Federation, municipality, urban, rural settlement);
housing conditions (type of dwelling, time of construction of the house, size of the total and living space, number of living rooms, types of improvement of the dwelling);
sources of livelihood (income from labor activity or other occupation, pension, including disability pension, scholarship, allowance, other type of state security, other source of livelihood);
employment (the presence of a job or other occupation that is a source of livelihood, or their absence).
About persons temporarily staying on the territory of the Russian Federation, but permanently residing outside the Russian Federation, information is collected regarding the purpose of their arrival in the Russian Federation.
4. The survey of the population is carried out in Russian. In the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, the survey of the population may be carried out in the state language of the corresponding republic. In places densely populated by indigenous peoples, the survey of the population can be carried out in the language of the corresponding indigenous people. In the event that the interviewed person does not speak the language in which the survey is carried out, he is provided with the right to use the services of an interpreter.
5. The census forms are filled in by persons collecting information about the population in Russian from the words of the respondents.
Federal law of 25g. N 73-FZ "On objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation". "Parliamentary newspaper", N 120-121, 06/29/2002.
Article 27Information inscriptions and designations on objects of cultural heritage.
1. Inscriptions and signs containing information about the cultural heritage object (hereinafter referred to as information inscriptions and signs) must be installed on cultural heritage objects included in the register. The inscriptions are made in Russian - the state language of the Russian Federation and in the state languages of the republics - subjects of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for installing information labels and symbols onobjects of cultural heritage of federal significancedetermined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. The procedure for installing information labels and symbols onobjects of cultural heritage of regional importanceorobjects of cultural heritage of local (municipal) significancedetermined by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation or by a municipal legal act.
3. The obligation to install information inscriptions and signs on cultural heritage objects rests with the owners of the objects.
The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to install information inscriptions and designations on objects of cultural heritage of federal significance in agreement with the federal body for the protection of cultural heritage objects.
Federal Law of 01.01.2001 N 108-Federal Law "On the All-Russian Agricultural Census". "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 161, 07/26/2005.
Article 10. Information about the objects of the agricultural census and the procedure for collecting this information.
5. Census sheets are filled in Russian.
6. Survey of individuals and legal entities- objects of the agricultural census is carried out in Russian. In the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, the survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census can be carried out in the state language of the corresponding republic. In places of compact residence of indigenous peoples, the survey of individuals and legal entities - objects of the agricultural census can be carried out in the language of the corresponding indigenous people. If the interviewee does not speak the language in which the survey is being conducted, it can be carried out in the language that the interviewee speaks.
Resolution of the Constitutional Court of 01.01.2001. "Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation", November 22, 2004, No. 47, article 4691.
In the Russian Federation, the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and the state languages of the republics within the Russian Federation are built on the graphic basis of the Cyrillic alphabet; other graphic bases of the alphabets of the state language of the Russian Federation and the state languages of the republics may be established by federal laws.
At the same time, the Constitution of the Russian Federation - taking into account the factors of historical and national character features of the constitutional and legal status of the republics within the Russian Federation - recognizes their right to establish their own state languages and use them in state authorities, local governments, public institutions republics along with the state language of the Russian Federation (Article 68, part 2) and guarantees all peoples of the Russian Federation the right to preserve mother tongue, creating conditions for its study and development (Article 68, Part 3), which in turn serves the interests of preserving and developing bilingualism (multilingualism) in the Russian Federation.
The named provisions of Article 68 are in a system connection with other provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which fix the foundations of the federal structure of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state (Article 4, Part 1; Article 5, Part 3), the status of the republics within the Russian Federation (Article 66, Part 1 ), as well as regulating the status of the individual - on the possession by every citizen of the Russian Federation on its territory of all rights and freedoms and the incurring of equal duties provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 6, part 2), on the equality of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, regardless of any or circumstances, including nationality, language and place of residence (Article 19, Part 2), on guarantees of the rights of everyone to use their native language, to freely choose the language of communication, upbringing, education and creativity (Article 26, Part 2), on the prohibition propaganda of linguistic superiority (Article 29, part 2).
Project 63221-3
THE FEDERAL LAW
About the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation
This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the functioning of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use Russian as the state language of the Russian Federation.
Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation
1. The Russian language has the status of the state language throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. The status of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for the obligatory use of the Russian language in the areas defined by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the rights of citizens for the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.
Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation
The legislation of the Russian Federation on the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law. Law of the RSFSR "On the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation", other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
Article 3. Norms of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation
1. Norms of the Russian language are established in the dictionaries of the Russian language. The procedure for the approval of Russian language dictionaries as general reference aids when using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as the procedure for the official publication of these dictionaries, is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. When using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, it is not allowed to use offensive words in relation to race, nationality, profession, social category, age group, gender, language, religious, political and other beliefs of citizens, the use of obscene words and expressions, as well as foreign words and phrases in the presence of corresponding analogues in the Russian language.
Article 4
1. The Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use:
in the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, state and municipal organizations, including the conduct of office work in them, as well as in the names of these bodies and organizations;
in the preparation and conduct of elections and referendums in the Russian Federation;
in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative and arbitration proceedings and office work, with the exception of the arbitration resolution of disputes arising in the field of international trade, in legal proceedings and office work before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
upon official publication of the texts of laws and other regulatory legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation;
in the relationship between public authorities and public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in the relationship between public authorities and local governments;
in the relations of the Russian Federation with foreign and international organizations operating on the territory of the Russian Federation;
in the implementation by the subjects of the Russian Federation of international and foreign economic relations;
in the relationship of state authorities, other state bodies, local governments, state and municipal organizations with citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons, as well as with organizations and public associations;
in industry, transport, energy and communications;
in the names of geographical objects, in the design of road signs;
when issuing forms of documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, forms of certificates of state registration of acts of civil status, documents on education issued by educational institutions with state accreditation, other documents, the execution of which in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation Federation is carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation; when registering the addresses of senders and recipients of telegrams and postal items, as well as forms of postal orders sent within the territory of the Russian Federation;
in the activities of all-Russian, regional and municipal television and radio broadcasting organizations, editorial offices of all-Russian, regional and municipal printed periodicals, with the exception of television and radio broadcasting organizations and editorial offices of printed periodicals specially established for broadcasting or publishing printed materials in the state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, others languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as in foreign languages;
in other areas determined in accordance with federal laws.
2. The use, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, of the state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, as well as other languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. If, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state language of the republic, another language of the peoples of the Russian Federation is used, the text in Russian must be legible, executed in the same format as the text in the state language of the republic or another language of the peoples of the Russian Federation, and in its content, fully comply with the text in the state language of the republic or another language of the peoples of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. The provision of paragraph 3 of this article does not apply to officially registered names or trade names, as well as to trademarks (service marks).
Article 5. Protection and support of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation
In order to protect and support the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, the state authorities of the Russian Federation:
ensure the functioning of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the Russian Federation;
develop and adopt federal laws and other regulatory legal acts, develop and implement federal targeted programs aimed at protecting, supporting and developing the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
take measures aimed at ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
take measures to improve the system of education and training of specialists in the field of the Russian language;
promote the study of the Russian language outside the Russian Federation;
exercise control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
take other measures to protect and support the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.
Article 6
1. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for:
obtaining education in Russian in state and municipal educational institutions;
obtaining information in Russian from state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, as well as from state and municipal organizations;
obtaining information in Russian through all-Russian, regional and municipal mass media. This provision does not apply to mass media specially established for broadcasting or publishing printed materials in the state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as in foreign languages.
2. Persons who do not speak the state language of the Russian Federation, when exercising and protecting their rights and legitimate interests on the territory of the Russian Federation, in cases provided for by federal laws, are provided with the right to use the services of an interpreter.
Article 7
The adoption of laws and other regulatory legal acts aimed at restricting the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as other actions that impede the exercise of the right of citizens to use the state language of the Russian Federation, entail liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 8. Entry into force of this Federal Law
1. This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.
2. Propose to the President of the Russian Federation and instruct the Government of the Russian Federation to bring their legal acts in line with this Federal Law.
The president
Russian Federation
Throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, Russian is considered the main and main state language, citizens of Russia are required to know and speak it. Any public events, official documents and public statements must be in Russian. In order to protect and develop measures to support and culture the described area and field of activity, clear rules and a concept are needed, which are described in Federal Law 53.
General information
The federal law on the state language was adopted by the State Duma on May 20, 2005, and approved by the Federation Council on May 25, 2005. The last changes were made on May 5, 2014. Federal Law 53 contains 7 articles. This law regulates and controls the processes and methods of ensuring the use of the state language throughout Russia. The law also guarantees the rights of citizens to use Russian speech and provides measures for the development of the culture of this region.
Summary of Federal Law No. 53 on the state language:
- Art. 1 - information about the state language of Russia is presented, information is provided on the properties of Russian speech and the possibilities of its speakers in the territory of the Russian Federation;
- Art. 2 - lists other laws, acts and regulations governing the described area;
- Art. 3 - given a list of areas and places where it is possible to use the state. Russian language;
- Art. 4 - information is provided on measures to protect the language, ways to develop the culture of citizens in this area and support in the described field of activity;
- Art. 5 - the provision and methods of using the state language by the population on the territory of Russia are described;
- Art. 6 - information on liability for violations and crimes committed in real area, penalties and types of fines are listed;
- Art. 7 - describes the date and process of entry into force of Federal Law 53.
The described sphere is regulated not only by Federal Law No. 53, but also by other Federal Laws, the laws of the Russian Constitution, international treaties and Law 1807-1 on the various languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation.
Read also about the main provisions of Federal Law No. 58
According to the first article, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language is Russian. The norms and regulations by which its system is determined are established by the Government of Russia, the Government has also established that all obscene words are prohibited for use in public places or in literary or journalistic texts.
Article 3 of the described law gives a list of situations when the use of literary Russian speech is considered mandatory:
- When carrying out any activity of the state. organs;
- In cases of execution literary works publicly;
- When writing the names of state bodies in official documents;
- In journalistic articles, advertisements or any other materials written by the media;
- During the litigation or during an election campaign, before and during elections, during referendums throughout Russia;
- During the writing and signing of official documents in the state. Russian institutions;
- When writing phrases or words on road signs;
- When publishing news, decisions or documentation of state. authorities through the Internet or through the media.
According to the described law, every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to communicate or study in the state language. Foreign persons coming to the territory of Russia have the right to use the services of an interpreter.
Recent changes made to the law on the state language
Recent changes to Federal Law 53 on state. language were introduced on May 5, 2014, with the adoption of Federal Law No. 101. In the first article, paragraph number six the words about the literary language were supplemented with the phrase "including foul language."
In the third article in the first part paragraph 9 was added, according to which the Russian literary language must be used in the media. The same article was supplemented by clause 9.1 , which provides information that Russian speech is considered mandatory when showing films, cartoons and animated films in cinemas. Paragraph 9.2 has also been added to article three , which says that the Russian language is considered mandatory in the implementation public speaking. During performances, performances of literary works, public theatrical performances, when conducting spectacular, entertaining, cultural, educational and other events, artists are required to speak it. Part 1.1 has been added to the third article. In the areas of activity listed in the third article, along with the Russian language, the speech of other peoples of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation can be used. In certain cases, formalized in other federal laws, foreign languages may also be used.
In article four, the seventh paragraph was amended. After changes in the competence of state bodies. authorities were added control and regulation, as well as surveillance of citizens, to comply with all the provisions of Federal Law 53, as well as supervision of violations of the law. Employees of the authorities are obliged to monitor persons using expressions or words that do not comply with the norms or rules of Russian speech. State employees executive authorities have the right to conduct an examination to verify the presence of violations and to hold violators accountable.
Changes to the described Federal Law for the entire time of its existence were made only two times. The latest changes are described above, and the first time changes were made on July 2, 2013. According to this wording, changes have occurred in Article 3, in part one, paragraph eight. The words about the writing and execution of documents related to the accreditation of educational institutions were changed to the phrase “issuance of documents on education and (or) qualifications established in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-ФЗ “On Education in the Russian Federation” sample."
In the fourth paragraph of the fourth article all the words "institution" were changed to "organization".
Download 53 Federal Law in the latest edition
Federal Law 53 was adopted by the state to resolve conflicts among different native speakers living on the territory of the Russian Federation. In the event that a Russian citizen has disputes or conflicts with persons of another nationality on the topic of the state language and its use, he can always refer to the described law for detailed information.
