The story "Microscope" is the fate of a person set out in one episode, which takes only two weeks. According to Shukshin's classification, this is a "story-fate".
Issues
The story raises the philosophical problem of the purpose and meaning of life. The main idea of the story is that life without a goal is empty, it is not life at all. Other problems are mutual understanding between people and relationships in the family, moral problem human dignity and self-respect.
Heroes of the story
Main character story - Andrey Erin, who worked as a carpenter in a small workshop nine kilometers from the village. This is Shukshin's favorite type of heroes, the so-called weirdo, that is, an absurd and uncomfortable person who has an idea that has become a life goal.
Shukshin singles out only two portrait features of the hero: a yellow face and a nose reddening with excitement. The nose is a characteristic feature of the hero. It is broken, crooked, with a hump. For this, the wife calls the hero a wimp. One might think that this is an affectionate nickname, but, despite the diminutive suffix, wry-nosed is a curse word. Other curses of his wife are also offensive and well-aimed. She calls her husband a woodpecker (because of his appearance) and a well (into which her money, happiness and life flow). The wife despises her husband, considers him worthless and is sure that he does not know how to joke.
The hero is soft, indecisive. He dutifully endures his wife’s abuse, does not answer her when she fights, but defends himself with a pillow and tries to persuade her. He agrees to all the conditions of his wife, because he feels guilty: he is ready to go to work on foot, work in two shifts for a month, not to drink "chitushka" after the bath.
Andrey Yerin is transformed after he brings home a microscope he bought secretly, saying that he got it for shock work. Andrey was so happy that he "stood and shone quietly." And his wife compares him to a naked backside that glows in the moonlight. At the moment the dream comes true, Andrey receives a first and last name from the author. His character is changing. He fusses not guiltily, as usual, but condescendingly. It turns out that he knows how to joke and laugh. Becoming the owner of the microscope, he feels surprisingly brave. Now Andrey is rude to his wife: “You’ve been staring! .. You yourself are fat. Whole ham." He criticizes her for finding any penny in her pocket, but she does not see germs. Erin became "the noisy master of the house." He improved relations with his wife, who respected him, a common business with his fifth-grader son appeared. Andrei stopped drinking himself and even disdained drunk people.
During the week that Andrei had a microscope in the house, he became the main person in the house. He talked about microbes, about science, made plans for the struggle of mankind with microbes. Andrey was shocked when he saw through a microscope that there are microbes in the blood. He tried to kill them with a thin needle, figured out how to destroy them with an electric current. All his ideas were far from science, but Andrei became famous in the village, so his fellow villagers talked about his microscope and scholarship.
When Sergei Kulikov, who works with Andrei, let slip to Andrei's wife Zoya that they were not given any bonus, Andrei, deprived of his dream, turned into the former drinking, timid, dependent person in everything on his wife. He became miserable again.
Andrey's wife Zoya sees the meaning of life in the well-being of the family. She keeps both her husband and children in an iron fist. The wife not only calls her husband names, but also beats him with a frying pan in order to "take my darling away." Zoya received a name in the story (as if casually, in brackets) only when she became interested in a microscope.
Zoya is the voice of many Russian women who are forced to carry weirdos like Erin on their shoulders. This is her cry, a lament, telling about the difficult fate of Zoya, that she denied herself and her children, saved up money to ... buy them fur coats. At the end of the story, having taken the microscope to the commission, she really goes for fur coats.
Immersed in everyday worries, Zoya missed her happiness: her husband, carried away by the "business", again lost the purpose of life and turned into a nonentity. Zoya chose the material - fur coats for children and a vacuum cleaner.
Plot and composition
The story "Microscope" has no compositional beginning and end. In the first paragraph, we are talking about the fact that “he” (there is no name or even a nickname for the hero) decided on something. From the next paragraph it becomes clear that the hero lost 120 rubles of money and decided to tell his wife about it. But soon the reader realizes that Andrei Yerin decided on a gamble: he deceived his wife that he had lost money, and he bought the dream of a lifetime - a microscope. Understanding comes to the reader after the phrase: “Andrey was waiting. Finally, he decided that it was possible.
Andrey's life is divided into life without a microscope and with a microscope.
The microscope is the meaning of the hero's existence, it becomes the title of the story. Erin's life is transformed thanks to the microscope. But the reader understands that the microscope in the hands of the hero is just a toy. Erin sees no more through a microscope than his fifth-grader son. The whole story is a metaphor that has lost its figurativeness: Andrei literally hammers nails with a microscope, just plays with it. For him, the microscope is a source of intense emotions and deep thoughts. Are the most important moments in life worth 120 rubles?
At the end of the story, Andrei is forced to become “normal” again, realizing that he cannot spend money intended for family needs, because, of course, fur coats must be bought.
Stylistic features
Shukshin conveys the change in the relationship of the spouses by changing their speech. Having asserted himself, Andrei begins to talk complex sentences, tries to make inferences available to him. But he remains the same simple man, calls microbes dogs, claims that they walk around, snoop, clobber the body. Having lost his microscope, Andrei again speaks in short, incomplete sentences.
The events of the story are depicted from the point of view of the hero. For example, his excitement on the evening of the appearance of the microscope is conveyed through unfinished sentences with dots and a repetition of the main word “microscope”.
In the lesson, we will get acquainted with the story of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin "Microscope" (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. V.M. Shukshin
Stories by V.M. Shukshin are written in folk language. The author takes oral folk art as the basis of the language (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Words by V.M. Shukshin about folk art
In the work we will get acquainted with the characteristic hero of Shukshin's stories - the "freaky".
"Freak" - a strange-looking person, not like the others, but possessing good soul, reaching for the beautiful, for knowledge, art, and therefore alien and incomprehensible to the layman. V.M. Shukshin in an interview with the newspapers "Trud" and " Soviet culture» said (Fig. 3):
Rice. 3. Words from an interview with V. Shukshin
In the story, we are presented with an ordinary family. The head of the family, carpenter Andrey Erin, is more of an artisan than a craftsman. His work does not arouse his interest, he works in such a way that he receives a salary. Has three children, wife does not work. There is not enough money, but Erin does not spare money for vodka. There are no hobbies in his life.
The eldest son, a fifth grader, often taught lessons aloud. Once, having heard from him about microbes, Erin became interested and really wanted to buy a microscope for himself (Fig. 4):
Rice. 4. An excerpt from the story
One hundred and twenty rubles in those days was a serious amount, the wife's reaction was appropriate (Fig. 5):
Rice. 5. An excerpt from the story
The reader does not suspect that the money was spent on an idea that had been brewing in Andrey Erin's head for a long time. Each of the characters has their own opinion, their own truth. Wife's opinion (Fig. 6):
Rice. 6. True Wife
You can understand your wife, but Erin's life changes with the advent of a microscope. His education ended in the seventh grade of school, in life he could not count on anything except uninteresting work. It awakens the interest of the researcher (Fig. 7):
Rice. 7. An excerpt from the story
This light from the appearance of joy in his life (Fig. 8):
Rice. 8. An excerpt from the story
The reader observes the dialogue (Fig. 9):
Rice. 9. An excerpt from the story
Andrey Erin's life has changed: interest has returned. After the microscope appeared in the house, a passion arose, something that the hero of the story lost in his work (Fig. 10):
Rice. 10. An excerpt from the story
Emotions appear in his life, respect for others appears. The village people perceive him as a scientist (Fig. 11):
Rice. 11. An excerpt from the story
Everything collapses when the wife finds out that the microscope is not a prize, but money taken from a savings book.
For the hero, the story ends almost tragically (Fig. 12):
Rice. 12. An excerpt from the story
On the pages of V.M. Shukshina continues to live his favorite hero - a weirdo. A person with unusual thoughts, hobbies, his own perception of the world, strange and incomprehensible to others.
Bibliography
1. Merkin G.S. Literature. 8th grade. Textbook in 2 parts - 9th ed. - M.: 2013., Part 1 - 384 p., Part 2 - 384 p.
2. Kurdyumova T.F. etc. Literature. 8th grade. Textbook-reader in 2 parts Part 1 - 12th edition, 2011, 272 pages; Part 2 - 11th ed. 2010, 224 p.
3. Korovina V.Ya. etc. Literature. 8th grade. Textbook in 2 parts - 8th ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 2009. Part 1 - 399 p.; Part 2 - 399 p.
4. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V. Literature. 8th grade. House without walls. In 2 parts. - M.: 2011. Part 1 - 286 p.; Part 2 - 222 p.
2. Internet portal "InfoUrok" ()
3. Internet portal "Russian Historical Library" ()
Homework
1. What language is typical for the stories of V.M. Shukshin?
2. What is the theme of the story "Microscope"?
3. What can you say about the character of the main character?
Author informationMerkurieva Svetlana Viktorovna
Saratov region
Characteristics of the lesson (classes)
The level of education:
Secondary vocational education
The target audience:
Teacher (teacher)
Class(es):
Class(es):
Class(es):
Class(es):
Class(es):
Class(es):
Item(s):
Literature
Item(s):
Russian language
The purpose of the lesson:
Ι. Checking the house. tasks. ΙΙ. Teacher's word about V. Shukshin. Portrait work. ΙΙΙ. Discussion of the read story "Cut off". IV. Analysis of V. Shukshin's story "Microscope".
Lesson type:
Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge
Short description:
Objectives: to show the originality of the writer's work; to acquaint students with the multifaceted personality of V. Shukshin, to consolidate the ability to give comparative characteristic and see the author's position; analyze his stories "Cut", "Microscope"
Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (1929 - 1974)
Features of Shukshin's heroes
Goals: show the originality of the writer's work;to introduce students to the multifaceted personality of V. Shukshin, to consolidate the ability to give a comparative description and see the author's position;analyze his stories "Cut", "Microscope"
Equipment: Portrait of V.M. Shukshin. Slides (Biography Presentation)
During the classes.
Ι. Checking the house. tasks.
(Biography of the writer, prepared by students).
ΙΙ. Teacher's word about V. Shukshin. Portrait work.
Probably, you have already heard the name of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin, watch films in which he participated as an actor and director. Today you have to get acquainted with Shukshin - a writer, a master of a short story.
- Consider a photograph of Shukshin. Answer the questions.
- Where do you think this person comes from?
- How much did he have to endure in life, how many obstacles did he have to overcome?
- What do you think, what character is hidden behind this appearance?
- What stories do you expect from him?
V.M. Shukshin passed away early, at the age of 45, but left a rich creative legacy. He was a writer, screenwriter, director, actor. Films with his participation “Your Son and Brother”, “Kalina Krasnaya”, “Strange People”, “Stoves and Benches”, created more than 30 years ago, are still on the screen today, arousing the interest of the audience.
The main theme of his work is the fate of a simple, Russian, village dweller. In short stories, very capacious in content, he depicts ordinary people from the people, with their unsettled life, worries and anxieties, a little eccentric .
Vocabulary work: "Freak"- a strange-looking person, not like the others, but possessing a kind soul, drawn to the beautiful, to knowledge, art, and therefore alien and incomprehensible to the layman.
I just want to tell the truth about life...
There would be no good people.
Life would have stopped...
V. Shukshin.
Art should teach goodness. Shukshin saw the most precious wealth in the ability of a pure human heart to do good. “If we are strong in anything and really smart, it is in a good deed,” he said. He lived with it, V.M. believed in it. Shukshin.
ΙΙΙ. Discussion of the read story "Cut off".
What event alarmed the inhabitants of the new village?
Why can Gleb Kapustin be called a local "celebrity"?
What were the peasants hoping for when they went with Gleb to the house of the old woman Agafya Zhuravleva?
How were the guests welcomed in Grandma Agafya's house?
How did Gleb start the “attack” on the candidate?
From what areas of human knowledge did Gleb Kapustin ask his questions? (Philosophy, physics, philology, astronomy.)
Gleb Kapustin showed some knowledge in the field of philosophy when he raised the question of what is primary - spirit or matter; without waiting for an answer, he immediately moved on to another question: what is weightlessness; then he asked the candidate of philological sciences to determine his attitude to the problem of shamanism in certain regions of the North, and in conclusion he expressed the assumption that the Moon was the work of an intelligent civilization.
How did Konstantin Ivanovich react to Gleb's questions? Why was he in no hurry to answer? (Konstantin Ivanovich, as a well-mannered and intelligent person, tried to retort, but, seeing the pressure of the guest, he called his wife for help.)
Many of Gleb's questions sounded rhetorical: without waiting for an answer, he answered the question himself. But the people around formed the opinion that the "candidates" could not give an answer, and therefore, rebuff Gleb. The advantage was clearly on his side. This is what the peasants called "cut off", i.e. show your own superiority and the inconsistency of your opponent.
What did Gleb want to prove with such an attitude towards people who came to the village from the city, who reached a certain attitude? (It seemed to Gleb that the people who stood above him on the social ladder despise him, do not respect him, and in order to exalt himself, he arranged such “performances” for his fellow villagers.)
Did Gleb really “cut off” the candidate of philological sciences? Which side were the men on? Who did you admire? Who were sorry?
Indeed, there is a lot of deliberate rudeness and tactlessness in Gleb's behavior. This is especially noticeable when he begins to lecture the scientist, to blame him for something that did not take place. The men even feel embarrassed for Gleb's behavior. But Gleb admired them. “Although love, let's say, was not here. No, there was no love. Gleb is cruel, and no one has ever loved cruelty.”
What do you think is the reason for Gleb's cruelty to "famous" people? Why did he want to “click on their noses” so much? (SamGleb could not achieve much in life - he worked at a sawmill.)
A rather well-read man, having some knowledge, he tried to compensate for the lack of education by "teaching" other people, looking for opportunities to humiliate them.
IV. Analysis of V. Shukshin's story "Microscope".
Shukshin himself spoke about the art of storytelling: “Here are stories as they should be:
1). The story is destiny.
2). The story is character.
3). The story is a confession. The smallest thing that can be is a story - an anecdote.
- What type of stories do you think "The Microscope" belongs to?
- What is the plot of the story?
(For Shukshin, the plot is the character of the character. “There will be the same situation, but two different person, there will be two different stories - one about one thing, the other completely, completely about another, ”he said).
- What can you say about the character of the main character?
(On the one hand, passion for the unknown side of life, the excitement of curiosity; on the other hand, fear of his wife.)
- Who is right, in your opinion, in the conflict between the hero and his wife? And on whose side are your sympathies? Why?
(The hero of the story arouses sympathy, striving for knowledge, preoccupied with the fight against microbes and the question of prolonging human life. But Zoya is also right in her own way: you can’t deprive children of the most necessary things because of the whims of their father.)
- How do you understand Andrey Erin's last dialogue with his son:
- I understand: she will sell it.
- Will sell. Yes ... Fur coats are needed. OK - coats, okay. Nothing... To-do, of course...
(In the end, Andrei understands that his wife Zoya is right.) The speech of the characters is no less important for the writer. Most of his stories are dialogue.
Exercise:. Read Andrey's dialogue with Sergey Kulikov, who wandered "under the hop" and to Sergey from nothing to do, at the same time "to look at microbes".
- How do the character traits of the characters appear in the dialogue?
(Here the author shows both ignorance, and self-humiliation, and spiritual emptiness, and moral deafness of Sergei. In comparison with his ordinariness and earthiness, Andrey's fanatical enthusiasm stands out brighter. The thirst for knowledge is respected. )
The language of Shukshin's characters is replete with vernacular expressions. The characters speak the way ordinary village people speak in real life.
Exercise: find common words in the text. There are many funny things in the story. Give examples.
- What is Shukshin hiding behind humor? How does he relate to people and life in general?
(Behind the humor, which the writer emphasizes with sadness, lies love for a person, the troubles of everything that disfigures our life, and the assertion of high standards of morality, human dignity. .)
V. Summary of the lesson.
- Why can the hero of the story, Andrey Erin, be classified as a "wonder-kam"?
The heroes of Shukshin are people from the people. He shows them as they were. Cocky, funny, with all their weaknesses and shortcomings. It was necessary to have a great talent in order to tell the simple, strict truth about their fellow countrymen with love and respect. And this truth has become a fact of art. In his heroes, the immediacy of actions, impulsiveness, and naturalness are striking. They have a heightened reaction to the humiliation of a person by a person. And this reaction takes various forms, leads to the most unexpected results.
1.1.1. What character traits of Andrey Erin appeared in the above fragment of V. M. Shukshin's story "Microscope"?
1.2.1. What genre features of the fable are present in the work of I. A. Krylov "The Pig under the Oak"?
Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks 1.1.1-1.1.2.
For a week, probably, Andrey Erin lived like in a dream. He came home from work, washed himself thoroughly, had a quick supper... He looked askance at the microscope.
The fact is, he said, that a person is supposed to live one hundred and fifty years. The question is, why is he sixty, seventy at most - and stretched out his legs? Microbes! They, bastards, shorten the age of a person. They crawl into the body, and as soon as it weakens a little, they take over.
Together with their son, they sat for hours at the microscope, examined. They examined a drop of water from a well, from a drinking bucket ... When it rained, they examined a raindrop. The father also sent his son to take water from the puddle for a sample ... And there were swarming with these little white ones.
What the hell are they doing! .. Well, how to deal with the name? - Andrew dropped his hands. - A man stepped into a puddle, came home, inherited. Immediately a child passed with bare feet and, please, picked it up. And what is the body of a child!
Therefore, you should always wipe your feet, - the son noted. - You don't wipe.
Not in this case. You have to learn how to destroy them right in a puddle. And then - I'll wipe it, I know now, and Senka von Marov ... prove to him: as you spanked, the fool, it will continue to be so.
They also examined a drop of sweat, for which the son ran down the street to exhaustion, then his father scraped moisture from his forehead with a spoon - they got a drop, leaned over to the microscope ...
Eat! - Andrew with annoyance hit himself on the knee with his fist. - Go live a hundred and fifty years! .. In the skin and that is.
Let's try the blood, shall we? suggested the son.
Father pricked his finger with a needle, squeezed out a bright red berry of blood, shook it off on the mirror ... He leaned over the pipe and groaned.
Who? - the son did not understand.
Scientists. Their microscopes are better than ours - they see everything. And they are silent. They don't want to upset people. Why not say? Maybe all together they would have figured out how to destroy them. No, they agreed and are silent. Excitement, they say, will begin.
Andrey Yerin sat down on a stool and lit a cigarette.
From what small creature people are dying! - Andrey looked dead.
The son looked through the microscope.
Chasing friend after friend! These are a little different... Round ones.
All of them - round, long - all in the same suit. Don't tell your mother yet that we saw them in my blood.
Let's see me?
The father carefully looked at his son... Both curiosity and fear were reflected in the eyes of Erin Sr. His hands, worn out for many years - large, reeking of tar ... trembled a little on his knees.
No need. Maybe even with little ones ... Oh, you! Andrey got up, kicked a stool out of spite. - Lice, bedbugs, all sorts of larvae - they learned how to breed it, but here some ... less than the smallest nits - and you can’t do anything! Where is your degree!
You can see the lice, but these ... How do you like them?
Father thought for a long time.
Turpentine?.. He won't take it. I suppose the vodka is stronger ... Well, I drink, but I saw what was happening in the blood!
Does vodka enter the bloodstream, or what?
But where? Why is a person stupid?
Once Andrei brought a long thin needle from work ... He washed himself, winked at his son, and they went into the upper room.
Let's try ... I sharpened the wire - maybe we can prick a couple.
The tip of the wire was thin, thin - just a hair. Andrey for a long time extended this tip into a drop of water. He puffed ... He even sweated.
They scatter, infections ... No, thick, do not prick. It is necessary to be thinner, but it is already impossible to do it thinner - not to do it. Okay, let's have dinner right now, let's try them with a current ... I grabbed a battery: we'll bring two wires and finish them. Let's see how they will be...
And then something unexpected happened during dinner: Sergei Kulikov, who worked with Andrei at Zagotzern, came in. On the occasion of Saturday, Sergei was tipsy, which is probably why he wandered into Andrey's - just like that.
IN Lately Andrei was not up to drinking, and he was surprised to find that he disdains drunks. They behave very stupidly and say all sorts of awkward words.
Sit down with us, - Andrei invited without any desire.
For what? We are here ... What do we need? We are in the corner!
“Well, why did you foolishly pretend to be an orphan of Kazan?”
As you wish.
Let me see the microbes
Andrei was alarmed.
What microbes? Go to sleep, Seryoga... I don't have any microbes. What are you hiding? Are you hiding weapons? Scientific business - My boy buzzed all my ears: Uncle Andrei wants to destroy all microbes. Andrei! .. - Sergey hit his chest with his fist, fixed a ferocious look at the "scientist". - We will cast a golden monument! .. We will glorify the whole world! And I worked next to you! .. Andryukha!
Zoya Erina, although she also could not stand drunks, nevertheless it was flattering that they were talking about her husband - a scientist. More from the habit of grumbling on occasion than from true feeling, she remarked:
Couldn't they have come up with something else? And that is a microscope. Now the man will go crazy - he does not sleep at night. What would it be - to award some kind of vacuum cleaner ... And then vacuum it - and there is nothing, we are not going to buy it in any way.
Who to award? Sergei didn't understand.
Andrey Erin went cold.
Yes, they gave out a prize ... This microscope ...
Andrei wanted to somehow - with his eyes - make Sergei understand that ... but where is it! He stared at Zoya like a ram.
What award?
Well, they gave you an award!
Zoya looked at her husband, at Sergei...
Did you get an award?
Wait, they will give out an award! They will catch up and give out once again. Prize...
And Andrey was given a microscope ... for shock work ... - The voice of Erina's wife fell to the point of horror - she understood everything.
They will give out! - the drunk Sergey was ruined in a corner. - Last month I closed one hundred and thirty percent of the outfits ... right? Andrey won't let you lie...
Everything collapsed in an instant and terribly rushed down into the abyss.
Andrei got up ... He took Sergei by the scruff of the neck and led him out of the hut. In the courtyard he hit him once on the back of the head, then asked:
Do you have three rubles? Until payday...
There is... Why did you hit me?
Let's go to the store. Kikimora you swamp! .. Why the hell are you drunk hanging out in the yards? .. Eh-h ... Chock you with eyes.
That night Andrey Erin spent the night with Sergey. They got drunk with him to the point of snot. They drank their money, borrowed from someone else until payday.
Only the next day, for dinner, Andrey showed up home ... His wife was not there.
Where is she? - asked the son.
I went to the city, to this ... like her ... to the commission shop.
Andrei sat down at the table, leaned on his hands. I sat like that for a long time.
Cursed?
No, yes, a little. How much did you drink?
Twelve rubles. Ah, Petka... son... - Andrei Yerin, without raising his head, grimaced bitterly, gritted his teeth. - Is that the point? You won't understand because of your smallness... you won't understand...
I understand: she will sell it.
Will sell. Yes ... Fur coats are needed. Okay, coats, okay. Nothing ... It is necessary: winter is coming soon. Learn, Petka! Andrew raised his voice. - On all fours, but crawl into science - a great thing. Do you have any change in your piggy bank?
No, said Petka. Maybe he lied.
Well, okay, - agreed Andrew. - Learn to know. And never drink... Yes, they don't drink, scientists. What should they drink? They have enough business without it.
Andrey sat still, nodding his head sadly... And he went to the upper room to sleep.
V. M. Shukshin "Microscope"
Read the work below and complete tasks 1.2.1-1.2.2.
I. L. Krylov
1.1.2. What is the essence of the conflict underlying the story of V. M. Shukshin "Microscope"?
1.2.2. What vices, besides ignorance, are denounced in the fable "The Pig under the Oak"?
Explanation.
1.1.2. Andrey Erin spent money to buy a microscope that was completely useless to him. Of course, he may seem like an eccentric. But if you think about it, what did a microscope mean to a carpenter? Sounds like it's just a waste of money. But in fact, the microscope testifies that some idea is ripening in Andrey Erin's head. Apparently, Andrei is close to living within the framework of a gray and dull everyday life. Such a small joy, like a microscope, was in fact necessary for a person who was tired of the usual and rather boring fuss. This is the conflict at the heart of the story.
1.2.2. A pig cannot see beyond its nose. This is an image that makes fun of the laziness and ignorance of people. Krylov chose this particular animal for a reason. We all know a certain feature of pigs - they are not able to raise their heads up. It is this quality that makes it possible to ridicule a person who not only does not want to listen and know anything, but is no longer capable of this.
Explanation.
1.1.1. The hero of the story Andrey Erin continues the gallery of Shukshin's "freaks". "Freaks" by V. Shukshin by their existence and actions refute the usual ideas about man and life. They are visionaries and dreamers. Moreover, Shukshin's heroes dream of unattainable things: the invention of a cure for cancer, ridding the world of microbes, etc. The protagonist of the story "Microscope" is really a little man with his eccentricities. His “wonder” is that he especially thinks, feels in a special way, therefore he performs unusual and unexpected actions in familiar situations. But with them, he evokes in the reader not a strict, categorical, harsh, but, on the contrary, quivering, kind and warm attitude to yourself. The weirdo is perceived as a simple person, understandable and close to many of us.
1.2.1. Fable - poetic or prose literary work moralizing, satirical. At the end of the fable there is a brief moralizing conclusion - the so-called morality. Actors animals, plants, things usually act, the vices of people are ridiculed. In Krylov's fable "The Pig under the Oak" the Pig, the Raven, the Oak become the heroes. This, of course, is an allegory - an allegory - one of characteristic features fables. In the image of the Pig, human vices are ridiculed: ignorance, greed, the inability to see beyond one's own nose. Raven is a character trying to reason with a pig in his naivety and not understanding that the pig is unlikely to listen to him, and if he does listen, he is unlikely to hear. Oak reflects the image wise man, rather, even an old man who does not try to guide a pig on the true path, but only speaks the truth in his hearts. Through his mouth, Krylov conveys to us the moral of the fable The Pig under the Oak.
what artistic originality Shukshin's story "Microscope" and got the best answer
Answer from GALINA[guru]
The story "Microscope" is set out in one episode,
taking only two weeks, the fate of man.
According to Shukshin's classification, this is a "story-fate".
The story raises a philosophical issue.
purpose and meaning of life.
The main idea of the story is that life without a goal
empty, it's not life at all.
Other problems - mutual understanding between people
and family relations, moral problem
human dignity and self-respect.
The story is riddled with humor, but it contains
the thought of soul-destroying commercialism,
about "proper illness"
Plot and composition
The story "does not have a compositional beginning and end.
The first paragraph refers to the fact that "he"
(there is no name or even nickname of the hero)
decided on something.
From the next paragraph it becomes clear that the hero
lost 120 rubles of money and decided to say
about this wife.
But soon the reader realizes that Andrey Yerin
decided on an adventure: he deceived his wife that he had lost
money, and he bought the dream of a lifetime - a microscope.
Andrei's life is divided into life without a microscope and
with a microscope.
The microscope is the meaning of the existence of the hero, he
becomes the title of the story.
Erin's life is transformed thanks to the microscope.
But the reader understands that the microscope is in the hands of the hero -
just a toy. Erin sees through a microscope no more
than his fifth grade son.
The whole story is a lost metaphor:
Andrey literally hammers nails with a microscope,
just playing with it.
For him, the microscope is a source of intense emotions and deep
thoughts.
Are the most important moments in life worth 120 rubles?
Stylistic features
Shukshin conveys a change in the relationship of the spouses
changing their speech.
Having asserted himself, Andrei begins to talk
complex sentences, trying to make
the inferences available to him.
But he remains the same simple man,
calls microbes dogs, claims
that they roam, snoop, clobber the body.
Deprived of the microscope, Andrey speaks again
short incomplete sentences.
The events of the story are depicted from the point of view of the hero.
For example, his excitement on the evening of the appearance
microscope is passed with the help of unfinished
sentences with ellipsis and repetition of the main
the word "microscope".
The author easily recreates the speech of the characters, which
is very lively and imaginative.
Shukshin, in general, has a lot of direct words of the character.
The author's presence is also there, but it still appears
the feeling that the story consists of dialogues (like in a movie).
Dialogue takes a lot of space.
There is also an inner word of the hero: the dialogue of the hero with himself
himself, and the dialogue between the author and the reader.
Dialogic not only at the level of narrative
organization structures. Dialogue as internal
feature of poetics, on the level of semantics, content.
The characters enter into a dialogue with each other, with themselves.
The path of the Shukshin hero is the path to the knowledge of
oneself (the way is even intuitive).
The very actions of the hero are polemical and dialogical and
relation to the world and to oneself.
Shukshin's prose is the full element of dialogue
from the point of view of both semantics and artistic search.
