Courage lesson script
1 leader: On November 9, the world celebrated the International Day against Fascism, Racism and Anti-Semitism.
This day is dedicated to the tragic events that took place on the night of November 9-10, 1938 (78 years ago) in Germany and Austria. This was the first mass action of physical violence against Jews.
2 host: In one night, about 90 Jews were killed, hundreds of Jews were injured and maimed, and 3.5 thousand Jews were sent to concentration camps. Synagogues, hundreds of residential buildings and 7.5 thousand trade and commercial enterprises were burned and destroyed. The massive Jewish pogrom, later called "Kristallnacht" or "Night of Broken Windows", marked the beginning of the Holocaust - mass violence against the Jewish people, which led to the death of 6 million Jews.
Reader 1: Beautiful name, scary things:
Killed hundreds of lives "Crystal Night".
Death was reflected in the fragments from the windows,
The world trembled from atrocity and fear.
More than once the planet was drenched with hot blood
On an autumn night, the mortal harvest began.
The death of those innocents will not be forgiven,
So that this never happens again
So that fascism does not revive from nowhere,
Everyone should know the mournful anniversary
The day against fascism has come again.
Reader 2: A man is born, he's just a man
Russian or German, Jew or Uzbek,
Everyone has a mother, everyone wants to live,
Work and study, raise children, joke.
This is impossible where there is fascism,
Where someone stirs up anger and racism.
Where it's scary to be different and different
Where everyone knows the word "anti-Semitism".
Let people be different, and let the light be peaceful,
There are no real reasons to hate.
Let us remember the death of those tortured in early November.
Suffering should not be forgotten in vain.
Presenter 1: Before considering the chronology of the development of the Holocaust, let's get acquainted with the concept of "HOLOCAUST"
Holocaust - word from Greek, meaning "burnt offering", "destruction by fire", as well as "sacrifice through fire." In modern society this word refers to the policy of Nazi Germany, its allies in the persecution and extermination of Jews from 1933 to 1945. The Holocaust is a symbol of gas chambers, stoves burning children, old women, it is a mass execution of innocent civilians...
What events led to this tragedy? Who is responsible for it? Are we trying to answer these questions?
Lead 2: In 1933, Adolf Hitler, the leader of the National Socialist Party, becomes Chancellor of Germany, who built his company on the promise to return Germany to its former greatness and deal with those whom he called a dangerous racial enemy - the Jews. However, in addition to the Jews, the Nazis persecuted and exterminated the gypsies, the population of Belarus, Poland, as well as blacks, the mentally ill and disabled groups of the population.
Presenter 1: The Holocaust - claimed the lives of 6 million Jews, 3 million of which were Soviet citizens. In the occupied territories now included in Russian Federation, there were 41 ghettos in which the Jewish population was systematically exterminated.
But the most terrible manifestation of the Holocaust was the camps, or as they were then called "death factories", created by the Nazis for the physical extermination of people declared "subhuman".
Lead 2: During World War II, the German fascist leadership created a wide network of various types of camps for the maintenance of prisoners of war (both Soviet and citizens of other states) and citizens of the occupied countries forcibly driven into slavery.
In total, more than 14 thousand concentration camps operated on the territory of Germany and the countries occupied by it. During the years of the Second World War, 18 million people passed through the death camps, of which, according to various estimates, from 5 to 7 million were citizens. Soviet Union. Just over a million survived.
Presenter 1: Buchenwald was a men's camp. Learn your number German the prisoner was due during the first day. A set of numbers replaced the name. About 240 thousand people were kept in the concentration camp. 56 thousand prisoners died ...
Lead 2: The Majdanek camp was created in August - September 1941, was divided into 5 sections, one of which was for women. The camp had 10 branches. Six corpses were placed in each furnace. The crematorium worked like a blast furnace, non-stop, burning an average of 1,400 corpses per day ... More than a million prisoners passed through the Majdanek concentration camp.
360 thousand people were killed in the camp.
Presenter 1: The Dachau concentration camp was one of the first and main concentration camps in Germany. Created in March 1933. The camp had 123 branches through which about 250 thousand people from 24 countries passed. Of these, 70 thousand died.
Host 2: In April 1940, the Auschwitz camp complex was organized German concentration camps, located in southern Poland, near the city of Auschwitz. It was a huge concentration camp, because. located next to the railroad. 1,135,000 people became its victims.
Video viewing
Holocaust - what is this word?
There doesn't seem to be anything unusual about it.
But, if you decipher this word
For some reason, everyone will immediately become scared.
What did they do and why did they burn them in the camps?
Maybe the war is to blame or time, as they sometimes say.
But they wanted to play very, very much, with friends in the yard.
And indulge in school, and eat your breakfast on the grass.
But the German soldiers came
And sent the kids to the camps
Not for recreation and entertainment
And for bullying and atrocities.
But we will remember
Hero names forever.
And in the eyes like tears sparkle
Terrible bloody words.
Presenter 1: Salaspils is a concentration camp in the territory occupied by the Nazis of Latvia, which received notoriety in the world because of the content of children in it. About 3,000 children under 5 years of age were martyred in the camp from May 18, 1942 to May 19, 1943. The bodies were partly burned and partly buried in the old garrison cemetery near Salaspils. Most of them have undergone blood pumping for the wounded. German soldiers, as a result of which the children quickly died.
Lead 2: When emaciated people with sick, tortured children were driven behind the triple wire fence of the concentration camp, for adults, but especially for defenseless children, a painful existence began, saturated to the limit with severe mental and physical torture and bullying by the Germans and their minions. Despite winter cold, the children brought naked and barefoot for half a kilometer were driven to the barracks, which bore the name of the bath, where they were forced to wash cold water. Then, in the same order, the children, the eldest of whom had not yet reached the age of 12, were driven to another barrack, where they were kept naked in the cold for 5-6 days. The Nazis, lining up mothers with children, forcibly tore the babies from the unfortunate parents.
Presenter 1: Children, starting from infancy, were kept by the Germans separately and strictly isolated. Children in a separate barrack were in the state of small animals, deprived of even primitive care. Dirt, outbreaks of measles, dysentery, led to mass death. Every day, the German guards carried out the stiff children's corpses from the children's barracks in large baskets, which died a painful death. They were dumped into cesspools, burned outside the camp fence, and partially buried in the forest near the camp. Mass uninterrupted mortality of children was caused by those experiments for which the little martyrs of Salaspils were used as laboratory animals.
Host 2: Warrior children. Children whose childhood was stolen... After the liberation of the Belarusian city of Liozno in 1944, when dismantling the brickwork of a destroyed stove in one of the houses, a small yellow envelope stitched with threads was found. It contained a letter from a Belarusian girl, Katya Susanina, who had been given into slavery to a Nazi landowner.
A student reads a letter from Katya Susanina (sketch)
Presenter 1: In 1945 German fascism was defeated. The International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg in October 1946 called the Nazi concentration camps one of the most shameful means of terror against the population of the occupied countries, and the crimes committed in them were crimes against humanity. Why is the problem of the Holocaust so urgent in society today? Why do we remember the events of those years?
Children's answers
Lead 2: Knowledge of the lessons of the Holocaust is necessary, first of all, so that such atrocities do not happen again against any people on Earth. And in order not to repeat such events that take millions of innocent lives, we must be tolerant of other people, regardless of race, nation, religion and other differences. In the fight against such terrible processes, it is important to turn to the past of mankind, to analyze the causes, mechanisms of the emergence and development of intolerance.
As long as we remember, we are alive. And the memory of the millions who perished in the hell of the Holocaust lives on.
The dead speak. No dots.
And no commas. Almost without words.
From concentration camps. From singles.
From houses burning in the wind.
The dead speak. Notebooks.
Letters. Wills. Diaries.
On a brick, on a rough surface
A stroke of a hurried hand.
On the dank vapors of a piece of iron
Shards of glass on the wall.
A trickle of blood on the barrack floor
Signed life - until it was.
The dead speak. breath
In heaps of ashes, heat inflates.
Mauthausen. Oradour. Dachau.
Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Babi Yar.
International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism In 1962, the second Sunday of September each year was declared by the United Nations International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism Why in September? Because it was in this month that the Second World War began (with the Nazi invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939) and ended (with the surrender of militarist Japan on September 2, 1945).
Fascism, Nazism - The sum of ideas and a series of actions aimed at establishing the dominance of one race (Aryan) over other methods of enslavement and complete destruction. Originated in the years in Italy and Germany.
Concentration camps - created to contain the enemies of the regime taken under arrest. From 1933 to 1939 about 1 million people were "missed" through the Nazi concentration camps. During the Second World War, 18 million people of representatives of the peoples of all European countries "passed" through the concentration camps, of which 11 million were killed. Already in 1933 there were over 50 concentration camps in Germany.
Camp Conditions The daily hell of a prisoner usually began and ended with a verification. Under the prickly snow and pouring rain, in the heat and bitter cold in the morning and evening, young prisoners, old people and even children had to stand. The Nazis deliberately delayed the verifications, which lasted several hours, regardless of the weather.
The prisoners eked out a hungry existence. Once a day, roasted swede coffee, twice herbal soup, and 180 to 270 grams of bread, half with sawdust, is the prisoner's usual diet. At first, the soup was given hot, but there came a time when it was poured into bowls at noon and it stood until the evening. Only great hunger forced to eat this stew.
The water supply often failed, and the prisoners could neither wash nor rinse the dishes. If the prisoners got wet during work or at roll call, they went to bed in wet clothes and dried them with heat own body during sleep. In camp conditions, even the most insignificant illness became dangerous. Behind a short time the patient's body was covered with terrible wounds.
Punishments and executions A person could be punished for anything. They were punished for the fact that the prisoner picked an apple or brought a piece of swede; for smoking or taking it easy while working; for the fact that a scarf was tied out of shape; for the fact that a button was missing or unbuttoned, and even for exchanging his own gold tooth for bread. Prisoners who did not understand orders (given in German) or did not follow them quickly enough were doomed to beatings and persecution by the SS and officials.
Children were punished on an equal footing with adults, even for the most innocent offenses. Children, like adults, were subject to collective responsibility. If disorder was found in any room, everyone was punished, regardless of age. As punishment, children, for example, were forced to sit for several hours without moving in the snow.
11 million people turned to ashes... These are 11 million established personalities, these are people who could give new lives. The crimes against the peoples of Europe committed by fascist Germany had no equal in the history of mankind. This must be remembered, because what happened once can happen again.
International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism On this day all over the world: public actions are held in memory of tens of millions of people who died during the Second World War; it is customary to visit monuments, memorials, cemeteries where the victims of fascism are buried; It is customary to take care of nameless, abandoned, mass graves.
Modern neo-Nazism Austria Belgium Bulgaria Bosnia and Herzegovina Great Britain Hungary Germany Greece Russia USA Ukraine France Croatia Estonia In many states, underground or open organizations adhering to the ideology of Nazism continue to operate in recent decades
Nationalism and neo-Nazism in Ukraine The emblem of the Azov Battalion, a volunteer militias with many members of the far right and neo-Nazi views The British newspaper The Telegraph notes that the involvement of formations like the Azov Battalion in a special operation in eastern Ukraine "should terrify Europeans" , because "their sources of funding are vague, the preparation is imperfect and takes only two weeks, and the ideology should be alarming." The publication notes that as Nazis from the Third Reich, the battalion uses the "wolf hook" as its symbolism, and members openly admit that they are racists or anti-Semites.
Nationalism and neo-Nazism in Ukraine Armed clashes in Ukraine have led neo-Nazi groups from Europe and Russia, who prefer forceful methods of solving problems, to use the conflict for their own purposes and try to attract new members to their side.
International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism Not mournful marble, not mournful granite, Not millions of statues and steles - Only human memory will forever preserve Those torments, and tears, and groans. There can not be someone above others, And this is proved by life! And that means that today we will remember them - About the fallen, about the victims of fascism ...
REMEMBER DAY
(event scenario)
Goals:
Value advocacy human life and every person;
Studying a row historical facts that occurred during the Great Patriotic War;
Education in students of love for the Motherland, for their compatriots, for their country.
Tasks:
To form in the younger generation an active life position, patriotic consciousness;
To increase the interest of students in the historical past of the country;
To acquaint children with the ideology and manifestation of fascism during the Great Patriotic War;
To develop in students a negative attitude towards the ideology of fascism.
Organizer:
Curator group EK-152 GBPOU VO "VGPK"
The target audience:
Students of the EK-152 group
Venue, time:
Conduct form:
Presentation on the subject of the event, musical accompaniment, student messages.
Explanatory note
The Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism is a day of remembrance for tens of millions of people who died as a result of a gigantic, inhuman experiment. These are millions of soldiers whom the fascist leaders pushed against each other, but even more - civilians who died under bombs, in concentration camps, from disease and hunger.
The date of the Day was determined precisely for September, since this month there are two dates associated with the Second World War - the day of its beginning and its complete end. This was one of the reasons for the establishment of the day of mourning on September Sunday.
There is no country that would benefit from the rule of the Nazis, there is no such nation that would be enriched materially or spiritually as a result of their rule. The most terrible ideology is the one that makes a person guilty from birth only for the blood that flows in his veins.
Unfortunately, today politicians in a number of countries are trying to revise the results of the Second World War, and there is a gradual whitewashing and revival of Nazism.
But it is important to remember that the ideology of Nazism brought loss and destruction not only to those who opposed it, but also to those who nurtured it. And then, more than half a century ago, the huge Nazi machine was stopped and destroyed. Soldiers of different nationalities fought shoulder to shoulder and won.
And today's slogan memorial day- unite to resist neo-fascism.
International Day of Remembrance in every country that took part in the Second World War is celebrated not only by the cancellation of entertainment events, celebrations that fall on this date, but also by visiting monuments, memorials, cemeteries - in many countries it is customary to take care of nameless, abandoned, mass graves.
International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism"
Goals:
-
instilling in students a sense of respect and gratitude for the participants in the Great Patriotic War, former juvenile prisoners of concentration camps;
- the development of national self-consciousness, the desire for mutual understanding between people of different communities, a tolerant attitude towards manifestations of other cultures;
- improvement of oral speech.
Tasks:
- to form in the younger generation an active life position, patriotic consciousness;
- to increase the interest of students in the historical past of the country;
- to introduce children to the ideology and manifestation of fascism during the Great Patriotic War;
- to develop in students a negative attitude towards the ideology of fascism.
Board decoration: posters "For the fallen - honor, for the living - a warning."
“We must bow to the ground to our Soviet man. Everywhere and everywhere he did everything in his power to hasten the hour of victory over fascism. G.K. Zhukov.
Equipment: computer, multimedia, presentation
Event progress
Teacher's word:
In 1962, the second Sunday of each September of each year was declared by the United Nations as the International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Fascism. If we had the opportunity to talk with the prisoners of the concentration camp, what do you think they would tell us, what would they tell us? What questions would we ask them?
-What is a concentration camp?
-When did they appear?
-Where were they created? For what purpose?
-When did the first fascist camp appear?
-
What are barracks?
-
Diet for prisoners of concentration camps?
Why did the Nazis use gas chambers?
Word of the teacher: “Now let's try to answer these questions ourselves. Word to our historians.
Student post with presentation
Concentration camps are places of detention of large masses of people placed there on political, social, racial, religious and other grounds. They became widespread during the Second World War and were located both in Nazi Germany itself and in the territories it occupied.
(Slide 1) Starting from 1933, concentration camps, "death camps", "death factories" appeared in Nazi Germany.
(Slide 2) During the 2nd World War, camps were also created on the territory of Eastern Europe, mainly in Poland, as well as on the territory of the Baltic countries, Belarus, and other occupied territories. The camps were created for the mass extermination of European Jews, and later other, as Hitler believed, "inferior" peoples.
(Slide 3) The first fascist concentration camp - Dachau. A reliable security system left no chance for the prisoners. Escape was almost impossible.
(Slide 4) Barracks - plain 3-tier beds. For a not perfectly made bed (for a small fold) one could get alone, well, or at least be beaten.
(Slide 5) The entrance to the "shower" Brausebad is a well-known deception, specially invented by "humane" fascists, in order to avoid fear and panic before death. They were invited to wash in a special chamber, and what happened next is scary to imagine ...
(Slide 6-7) Model of the gas chamber, or "shower room" (was built by the end of the war, again due to lack of space. Above, as promised in the name "brausebad", shower heads - from which water never leaked .. It is very difficult to describe in words those feelings when you enter this room.
(Slide 8) People were taken to the gas chambers naked, their clothes were intended for those who could still work. The clothes of the suicide bombers were soaked with disinfectant gas and given to the "newbies".
The diet for the prisoners of the concentration camps was a gruel of frozen potatoes and a slice of bread for the whole day, and they had to work 12-14 hours a day. Most of the prisoners died of exhaustion.
Reading by heart
He walks around guarding my prison.
Two letters "E" glitter on the sleeves.
It's like a nail hammers in my heart
His heavy steady step
Under this look, everything around was quiet -
Pupils do not miss anything.
The earth seems to groan under him,
And the sun turned away from him.
He's always there, scary freak
Henchman of death, hire barbarism,
The guard of slavery walks at the gate,
Lattices and bolts guards.
The dying breath of a human is his food,
He wants to drink - he drinks blood and tears,
The hearts of the unfortunate prisoners are pecking, -
The vulture only lives by this.
When I knew how many people
Died in the dirty paws of the executioner,
The earth would never lift him,
The sun has lost its ray. ("Prison guard" M. Jalil)
(Slide 9).
The Buchenwald camp was noted for particular cruelty towards the prisoners, it was called the death camp.
The song of Muslim Magomayev "Buchenwald alarm" sounds.
Student message
Salaspils is a camp near Riga.It containedSoviet prisoners of war , and Jews from Czech Republic , Austria And Germany . Located 18 kilometers fromRiga since October 1941 until the end of summer 1944 .The most infamous this camp received because of the separate contentchildren , which were later used forblood sampling for wounded German soldiers, as a result of which the children quickly died. It wasn't an extermination camp likeMajdanek or Auschwitz , With gas chambers to kill a large number of people at the same time, andcrematoria for burning corpses . But people were sent to it for only one purpose - that they die a painful death. According to testimonies, more than 100,000 people were killed in the camp.
The data of the examination and testimonies state the facts of the following methods of extermination of people:
- Infliction of fatal injuries with blunt solid objects;
- Hunger , which in a short time causedexhaustion and led to of death . Along with this, many lives were takeninfectious diseases ;
- Poisoning sick children and adultsarsenic
- Injection of various substances (mainly for children);
- Operation withoutanesthesia (including on amputations limbs)
- Frequent pumping of blood until death occurs (children only);
- Application firearms and massive executions ;
- torture ;
- Death from lacerations inflicted by guard dogs who set them on prisoners
- Hard exhausting useless labor (moving land from place to place), accompanied by beatings
- Heavy physical labor, additionally accompanied by blood sampling (each time to the point of fainting);
- Execution through hanging ; death in gas chambers - special gas chambers installed in motor vehicles (“Gasenwagens »);
- Buried alive in the ground (testimony of prisoners, which is confirmed by the conclusion of forensic experts dated December 121944 );
- Killing by crushing headsbutts - a method expressly prescribed by the instructions for the camp for killing children "in order to save ammunition."
... When emaciated people with sick, tortured children were driven behind the triple wire fence of the concentration camp, for adults, but especially for defenseless children, a painful existence began, saturated to the limit with severe mental and physical torture and bullying by the Germans and their minions. Despite the winter cold, the children brought naked and barefoot for half a kilometer were driven to the hut, which bore the name of the bath, where they were forced to wash with cold water. Then, in the same order, the children, the eldest of whom had not yet reached the age of 12, were driven to another barrack, in which they were kept naked in the cold for 5-6 days. The sick children who survived after this procedure (as well as all sick prisoners) could be subjected to poisoning (arsenic).
A terrible hour for children and mothers in the camp comes when the Nazis, having lined up mothers with children in the middle of the camp, forcibly tear off the babies from the unfortunate mothers ...
A child, weakened and unable to give blood, so that the sinister, but acutely scarce blood conveyor would not be interrupted, was offered a spoonful of poison under the guise of porridge ...
Reading by heart
... And transparent, quivering and thin,
Like potato sprouts in spring,
Children's hands turned white,
Baby tufts arose.
Mouths screamed - and in every word,
In the rustle of broken phrases
It was heard: “Return the blood to us. blood,
The one that the doctor pumped out of us! .. "
Doctor, both caring and dexterous,
I managed to work for three:
Syringe sticking, stroking the head,
Weak - porridge with a spoon gave.
We went to the barracks tasted porridge,
And then on the clay floor
Yanises, Volodya and Natasha
They died crouched in a corner.
And again, huge and bottomless,
Coming to the camp empty,
Departed, gurgling, cans
With the blood of a child, as if with milk.
The special ship set sail from the pier,
The loaded plane took off...
Children's graves of Salaspils,
How many of you? Nobody counted.
I will stand silently - as if to the headboard,
Feeling with brutal simplicity:
The blood of children cannot be washed away even with blood,
Even punishment, terrible and holy!
Video "We remember. Salaspils. Children's concentration camp.
In total, more than 14,000 concentration camps operated on the territory of Germany and the countries occupied by it. During the years of the Second World War, 18 million people passed through the death camps, of which more than 5 million were citizens of the Soviet Union.
Every year on April 11, the International Day for the Liberation of Prisoners of Nazi Concentration Camps is celebrated. This is the Day of Sorrow for the 12 million people who were killed there. This memorable date April 11 is celebrated by the decision of the UN, because it was on this day that the prisoners of the fascist concentration camp Buchenwald, having learned about the approach of the allied troops, raised an armed uprising in the camp. They captured the camp, breaking the guards, and thereby saved themselves from the destruction that the Nazi authorities were preparing for them. On April 19, 1945, at a funeral meeting in honor of those killed during the uprising, former prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp vowed to continue the merciless fight against fascism. In April 1945, the Allied troops, in addition to the Buchenwald and Dora camps, liberated the prisoners of the Sachsenhausen (April 22), Dachau (April 29) and Ravensbrück (April 30) camps. Since then, April 11 is celebrated all over the world as the International Day for the Liberation of Prisoners of Nazi Camps. A bright holiday today and such a "blood red" back in 1945.
How long will you live in the world
Former prisoners of concentration camps -
Do not forget them nor the factories of death,
No fascists, which are meaner than animals!
Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Auschwitz,
Mauthausen in the same row...
Who fell into the clutches of the devil, to the Germans -
I went to hell, to put it bluntly.
The whole earth trembled with grief,
The beast and children did not spare!
Mouth monstrous - crematorium
Whatever the day, devoured people.
And the soul was frozen with fear,
The horror of the ghetto will never be eliminated!
How many lives are thrown on the chopping block!
Is it possible to forget this?!
Video « Everlasting memory concentration camp victims.
Final word of the teacher
After the horrors of war, occupation, concentration camps, no one could even imagine that fascism could be reborn on Earth again. But years have passed, and in some countries people who openly support the ideas of fascism have come to power. Under the guise of love for their people, the desire to benefit their country, they organize marches former SS in the squares, obelisks are erected, while destroying monuments to the soldiers-liberators, pursuing veterans of the Great Patriotic War. And today we must be able to resist the ideas of fascism and nationalism. We are called to this by the blood of our compatriots, given for a just cause, for our bright future.
A moment of silence.
