International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly (resolution 71/125) and is celebrated on April 26. It was on this day in 1986 that an explosion occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which led to a man-made disaster.
As a result of the accident, the territories of 17 European countries with a total area of 207.5 thousand square meters were exposed to radioactive contamination. km, of which about 60 thousand square meters. km is outside former USSR. The territories of Ukraine (37.63 thousand sq. km), Belarus (43.5 thousand sq. km) and the European part of Russia (59.3 thousand sq. km) turned out to be significantly polluted. Nearly 8.4 million people in the three affected countries were exposed to radiation.
One of the first to take part in the liquidation of the accident was the fire brigade. The signal about a fire at the nuclear power plant was received on April 26, 1986 at 01:28. By morning, 240 personnel of the Kyiv Regional Fire Protection Department were in the accident zone, and by 06:35, the fire at the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was completely eliminated.
As a result of the reactor explosion and over the next few days, a large number of radioactive substances, including cesium-137, strontium-90, iodine-131 and plutonium radioisotopes. The complete decay of the last radioactive element (plutonium-239) to the state of natural material will occur only in 26486 (24500 years after the accident).
Experts are still eliminating the consequences of the largest man-made disaster in the history of the peaceful atom. For three decades, scientists have written thousands of articles, dozens of scientific reports, hundreds of studies have been carried out.
More than 30 years have passed since the man-made disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, but millions of people continue to live in the contaminated territories. Polessky State Radiation-Ecological Reserve, established in 1988 on the most polluted lands as a result of the disaster, was inhabited by wild animals. The reserve has become a home for representatives of more than 40 species of animals and birds listed in the Red Book, including the white heron, black stork and gray crane.
The world nuclear power industry continues to develop rapidly. The ten leading countries of the world produce more than 80% of all nuclear electricity. Large-scale programs for the development of nuclear energy have been adopted in developing countries.
Chernobyl even today is an exclusion zone, and the name of the city is a memory of the tragedy, of how the peaceful atom ceased to be peaceful, and the black reality became a reality.
It was proclaimed by a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly on December 8, 2016. In it, the General Assembly noted "the severe long-term consequences of the Chernobyl disaster still being felt, three decades later, and the continuing needs of affected communities and territories" and invited "all Member States, relevant agencies of the United Nations system and other international organizations as well as civil society to commemorate this day."
On April 26, 1986, the largest man-made disaster in terms of damage and consequences of the 20th century occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP), located on the territory of Ukraine, 15 kilometers from the city of Chernobyl, Kiev region.
On April 26, at 01:23:40 Moscow time, an explosion occurred at the fourth power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant during design tests of one of the safety systems. As a result of it, the core and the entire upper part of the reactor building were completely destroyed, the deaerator stack and turbine hall were badly damaged, and all barriers and safety systems were destroyed. Explosions and the resulting fire were accompanied by the release of huge radioactivity. Millions of Curies were released into the environment every day, and this process continued until May 6, 1986, after which the emission dropped sharply (by a factor of thousands) and continued to decrease in the future.
As a result of the accident, the territories of many countries were exposed to radioactive contamination. The specifics of the release led to the wide spread of radioactivity in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly through the European continent. The radioactivity brought by the contaminated clouds from Chernobyl has been recorded not only in northern and southern Europe, but also in Canada, Japan and the United States. Only the southern hemisphere remained uncontaminated.
In Europe, a territory with a total area of 207.5 thousand square kilometers has undergone significant pollution, of which about 60 thousand square kilometers were located outside the former USSR. The territories of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus were most polluted, to a lesser extent - other European countries - Sweden, Finland, Austria, Norway, Italy, Greece, Romania, Switzerland, Poland, Great Britain, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, etc.
In Russia, more than 59,000 square kilometers of territory of 14 subjects were exposed to radioactive contamination, including more than 2.3 million hectares of agricultural land and more than 1.5 million hectares of forest areas.
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant affected the lives of millions of people in one way or another. The risk group included personnel of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident, evacuated people and the population of the affected territories. Almost 8.4 million people in Belarus, Russia, Ukraine were exposed to radiation, hundreds of thousands of them from contaminated areas. 134 people (technical personnel of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and firefighters involved in extinguishing the fire) had acute radiation sickness. Of these, 28 people died in the first months after the incident. Three more died at the time of the explosion at the fourth power unit.
Paying tribute to the memory of the dead, the heads of states of the Commonwealth Independent States At the summit in June 2001, they decided to appeal to the member states of the United Nations (UN) to declare April 26 as the International Day of Remembrance for Victims of Radiation Accidents and Catastrophes.
On December 17, 2003, the UN General Assembly supported the decision of the CIS Council of Heads of State to proclaim April 26 as the International Day of Remembrance for Victims of Radiation Accidents and Catastrophes in the Commonwealth Member States.
The catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant caused serious long-term radioecological, medical, demographic and socio-psychological consequences, had negative impact on the course of socio-economic development of the territories.
Organizations of the United Nations system and major non-governmental organizations and foundations are assisting in the revitalization of affected areas. They have carried out over 230 different projects in areas such as health, nuclear safety, psychosocial rehabilitation, economic recovery, environment and clean food production and information.
Despite large-scale emergency measures to eliminate and mitigate the consequences of the disaster, taken both immediately after it and in subsequent years, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant continues to be a potential source of danger.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
April 26, 1986... This date will be remembered by several generations of Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians as the day and year when a terrible thing happened. When all this happened, perhaps even the most experienced experts did not fully and completely realize what awaited us all later.
The catastrophe of April 26, 1986 resulted in thousands of deaths and diseases, infected forests, poisoned water and soil, mutations of plants and animals. Among other things, a thirty-kilometer exclusion zone appeared on the map of Ukraine, access to which is possible only with a special permit.
This article is aimed not only at reminding readers once again what happened on April 26, 1986, but also at looking at what happened, as they say, from different angles. Now it seems to be no secret to anyone that in modern world more and more often there are those who are willing to pay a lot of money to go on an excursion to these places, and some former residents, who have not taken root in other regions, often return to their ghostly and abandoned cities.
Brief summary of events
Almost 30 years ago, namely on April 26, 1986, the largest nuclear accident in the world occurred on the territory of present-day Ukraine, the consequences of which are felt by the planet to this day.
Explosion at a power plant in the city of Chernobyl atomic reactor the fourth power unit. At the same time, a huge amount of deadly radioactive substances was thrown into the air.
It has now been calculated that only in the first three months, starting from April 26, 1986, 31 people died literally on the spot from radiation. Later, 134 people were sent to specialized clinics for intensive treatment for radiation sickness, and another 80 died in agony from infection of the skin, blood and respiratory tract.
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant (1986, April 26 and the following days) needed workers more than ever. More than 600 thousand people took part in the liquidation of the accident, most of whom were military personnel.
Perhaps the most dangerous consequence of the incident was a huge release into the environment of deadly radioactive substances, namely isotopes of plutonium, uranium, iodine and cesium, strontium and radioactive dust itself. The plume of radiation covered not only a huge part of the USSR, but also Eastern Europe, and the Scandinavian countries, but most of all on April 26, 1986, it affected the Byelorussian and Ukrainian SSR.
A lot of international experts have been investigating the causes of the accident, but even so far no one knows for sure the true causes of what happened.
Distribution area
After the accident around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, it was necessary to designate the so-called "dead" zone of 30 km. Hundreds of settlements were destroyed almost to the ground or buried under tons of earth with the help of heavy equipment. If we consider the sphere with confidence, we can say that Ukraine at that time lost five million hectares of fertile soil.
Before the accident, the reactor of the fourth power unit contained almost 190 tons of fuel, 30% of which was released into the environment during the explosion. In addition, at that time, various radioactive isotopes accumulated during operation were in the active phase. It was they who, according to experts, represented the greatest danger.
Over 200,000 sq. km of surrounding land was contaminated with radiation. The deadly radiation spread like an aerosol, gradually settling on the surface of the earth. Pollution of the territories then mainly depended only on those regions, in which it rained on April 26, 1986 and the next few weeks.
Who is to blame for what happened?
In April 1987, a court session was held in Chernobyl. One of the main culprits at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was recognized as the director of the station, a certain V. Bryukhanov, who initially neglected the elementary safety rules. Subsequently, this person deliberately underestimated the data on the level of radiation, did not put into effect an evacuation plan for workers and the local population.
Also, along the way, facts of the grossest neglect of their official duties April 26, 1986 from the chief engineer of the Chernobyl N. Fomin and his deputy A. Dyatlov. All of them were sentenced to 10 years in prison.
The head of the same shift at which the accident happened (B. Rogozhkin) was sentenced to another five years, A. Kovalenko, his deputy, to three, and Yu. Laushkin, state inspector of Gosatomenergonadzor, to two.
At first glance, this may seem cruel enough, but if all these people had shown great caution in working at such a dangerous enterprise as the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the catastrophe on April 26, 1986 would hardly have occurred.
Alert and evacuate the population
The expert commission claims that after the accident, the first thing to do was to immediately evacuate the population, but no one took the responsibility to make the necessary decisions. Had the opposite happened then, human casualties could have been tens or even hundreds of times less.
In practice, it turned out that people did not know anything about what had happened all day. On April 26, 1986, someone worked on a personal plot, someone was preparing the city for the upcoming kindergarten kids walking on the street, and schoolchildren, as if nothing had happened, were doing physical education in the fresh air, as it seemed to them.
Work on the removal of the population began only at night, when an official order was issued to prepare for evacuation. On April 27, a directive was announced on the complete evacuation of the city, scheduled for 14.00.
So the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the disaster on April 26, 1986, which deprived many thousands of Ukrainians of their homes, turned the modest satellite town of Pripyat into a terrible ghost with devastated parks and squares and dead, deserted streets.
Panic and provocation
When the first rumors about the accident passed, part of the population decided to leave the city on their own. Already on April 26, 1986, closer to the second half of the day, many women in panic and despair, picking up babies in their arms, literally ran along the road away from the city.
Everything would be fine, but it was done through the forest, the dose of pollution of which actually many times exceeded all permissible indicators. And the road... According to eyewitnesses, the asphalt pavement shone with some strange neon tint, although they tried to fill it with plenty of water mixed with some white solution unknown to a simple man in the street.
It is very unfortunate that serious decisions on the rescue and evacuation of the population were not made in time.
And, finally, only a few years later it became clear that the special services Soviet Union were aware of the procurement of three tons of meat and fifteen tons of butter in the territories that were directly affected by the Chernobyl tragedy on April 26, 1986. Despite this, they decided to recycle radioactive products, adding relatively pure components to them. In accordance with the decision taken, this radioactive meat and butter was transported to many large plants in the country.
The KGB also knew for sure that during the construction of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, defective equipment from Yugoslavia was used, it was also familiar with various kinds of miscalculations in the design of the station, the delamination of the foundation and the presence of cracks in the walls ...
What was done anyway? Attempts to prevent more grief
At about half past one in the night in the city of Chernobyl (1986, April 26), the local fire department received a signal about a fire. The guard on duty went to the call and almost immediately transmitted a high-complexity fire signal.
Upon arrival, the special team saw that the roof of the engine room and the huge reactor room were on fire. By the way, today it has been established that when extinguishing that terrible fire, the guys who were engaged in the reactor hall suffered the most.
Only at 6 o'clock in the morning the fire was completely extinguished.
In total, 14 vehicles and 69 employees were involved. Of the overalls, people who carried out such an important mission had only canvas overalls, a helmet and mittens. The men put out the fire without gas masks, since it was simply impossible to work in them at high temperatures.
Already at two o'clock in the morning the first victims of radiation appeared. People began to experience severe vomiting and general weakness, as well as the so-called "nuclear sunburn". It is said that some of the skin of the hands was removed along with the mittens.
Desperate firefighters did their best to prevent the fire from reaching the third block and beyond. The station staff, however, began extinguishing local fires in various areas of the station and took all necessary measures to prevent a hydrogen explosion. These actions helped prevent an even greater man-made disaster.
Biological consequences for all mankind
Ionizing radiation, when it hits all living organisms, has a detrimental biological effect.
Radiation radiation leads to the destruction of biological matter, mutations, changes in the structure of organ tissues. This exposure promotes the development different types oncological disruption of the vital functions of the body, alteration and decay of DNA and, as a result, leads to death.
A ghost town called Pripyat
Several years following the man-made disaster, this locality aroused the interest of various specialists. They came here en masse, trying to measure and analyze the level of the contaminated territory.
However, in the 90s. Pripyat began to attract more and more attention from scientists interested in environmental changes environment, as well as questions of transformation natural area city, completely left without anthropogenic influence.
Many Ukrainian research centers have been assessing the changes in flora and fauna in the city.
Stalkers of the Chernobyl zone
First of all, it is worth noting that stalkers are people who, by hook or by crook, penetrate the exclusion zone. Chernobyl fans of extreme sports are conditionally divided into two categories, differing in their appearance used slang, photographs and prepared reports. The first - curious, the second - ideological.
Agree, now you can really find a lot of information in the media
Good day! Nuclear explosion, which destroyed the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986, tied the peoples of many countries with one misfortune. For 4 years, more than 800 thousand people have been building a life-saving sarcophagus and decontaminating the zones of dangerous radioactive contamination. Almost everyone was exposed to the harmful effects of radiation.
The commemorative "Day of Participants in the Elimination of the Consequences of Radiation Accidents and Catastrophes" was approved in 2012. Officials And simple people they go to the monuments to lay flowers at their feet, Chernobyl lessons are organized for children in schools, prayers are served in churches. A moment of silence is the last tribute to the courage of people who have protected the lives of millions, a plea to prevent a nuclear fire in the future.
Wishes for the Day of Remembrance of the Chernobyl Disaster in verse
On this day, trouble struck
After all, the nuclear power plant suddenly exploded,
There was a lot of destruction
And dead, unfortunately.
Radiation is terrible
Peaceful people do not need
We remember Chernobyl
Of course, we all wish
So that bad things don't happen
And the problem didn't happen again.
We won't forget this day
He climbed into the memory of souls,
All that was, people remember
This place is now a wilderness!
Chernobyl was your home
Where is work and family
Tears stood up in the throat lump,
Condolences to the country!
But you must live as before,
Life goes on
May there always be hope in the soul,
And love comes to the house!
Black ribbon this date
Always girdled.
Woe that brought Chernobyl
Will be with us forever.
Please don't forget
Those who gave their lives to you
To Pripyat misfortune
Henceforth, no one repeated.
Lived, flourished a beautiful city,
But suddenly one plant broke out,
And people rushed to help
But their crushing power carried them away.
Families left without fathers and brothers,
And wives are like swallows without wings.
The tragedy took everyone to heaven,
All those who gave their hearts for miracles.
But it didn’t happen, God didn’t hear them…
They died… the Lord called to himself…
And on a terrible day, remember the heroes
May they find blessed peace there!
A terrible tragedy happened in the country,
No one stood aside from her.
And people struggled with trouble as best they could,
But the disease ate them, they died ...
Now the candles are burning in April, in the window,
Everything also rests Pripyat at the bottom.
So remember those who fought for the light
Who is sick now and who is no more!
Day of the Chernobyl Disaster. Chernobyl Memorial Day - SMS congratulations in verse and prose
Today I urge you to remember
Chernobyl nightmare explosion.
Honor a moment of silence
All those who laid down their lives.
May memory be their reward
For a significant, great feat.
They saved without thinking
They hurt in body and soul.
We will remember this date
Trying not to repeat
Mistakes that the whole world once
Made me so angry!
On the day of the Chernobyl tragedy,
On a holiday of memory of people,
What a dashing misfortune answered
We will honor them again.
To all the departed - eternal memory,
Those who survived - respect.
May time last forever
No such repetition!
This day is sad for everyone
And there is a reason for this:
On this day, the reactor exploded
At the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
He brought a lot of grief to everyone,
That's why we want to
To past mistakes
We didn't have to repeat.
On this day, disaster struck.
The one we call Chernobyl.
It was very scary, bad,
Grief knocked on every house.
Let's not forget all the mistakes
Forever in our minds we will take them into account.
So that only smiles shine around,
To make our home happy.
Congratulations on the Day of Remembrance of the Chernobyl Disaster in prose
On the Day of Remembrance of the Chernobyl tragedy, I would like to wish calm, peace and good health to you and those who are dear to your heart. let no troubles and destruction touch your family, be healthy and prosperous.
On the Day of the Chernobyl tragedy, I sincerely want to wish everyone a safe, bright, kind, happy world, in which there is no place for tragedies, cataclysms and disasters. Let us honor the memory of those good and good people, whose life this day claimed, let's thank all those heroes, thanks to whom order was restored after the collapse, let's take care of our bright future together - calm and elementless.
Today is the day of the Chernobyl tragedy! A day of remembrance for those who gave their lives for the sake of millions of strangers. This catastrophe brought a lot of grief and misfortune, taking away the health and life of many people. The horror of this event fades over the years, but it makes it clear how powerful and cruel the unbridled elements created by the geniuses of science can be. Take care of yourself!
We will never forget the tragedy that happened many years ago. We will always remember the day when the brave sacrificed themselves so that others had a chance. The day that broke the fate of many people and families. May the tragedy of Chernobyl always remind us of the things that are more important than anything else in this world.
The greatest tragedy that claimed many lives will certainly forever remain in our memory! There is no price for those who, without thinking, heroically rushed to help! I wish you a peaceful sky, calm days, take care of yourself and loved ones!
Congratulations to all the liquidators on the holiday - Happy Day of Honoring the Liquidators of the Chernobyl Accident
Dear residents of __________!
More than 30 years have passed since the moment that divided history into two parts - before and after Chernobyl. The night when the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant gave rise to the measure of a man-made disaster, became the starting point for another standard: the courage of people who defend their country - and the whole world! - from an invisible danger, the echoes of which humanity still hears.
The number of victims of that catastrophe is incalculable. The greatness of the feat of the liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident is immeasurable.
Eternal memory to those liquidators who passed away.
God bless the living!
A deep bow to you, dear participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident.
From the bottom of my heart I wish everyone who suffered to some extent from the Chernobyl disaster and who took part in the elimination of its consequences, health and for long years life filled with love and care of relatives and the whole society.
In contact with
There are no lights in this city.
There are no people in this city.
This city has no soul.
Do not rush to remember him.
Why are all your dreams
About the empty Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the reactor ...
Don't forget the city of Pripyat
Because you are a liquidator.
Putting on an apron, heavy, lead,
And with a shovel overweight
The wreckage went to the sarcophagus,
Trust in the will of heaven.
This day is not easy
He is their pain and anxiety,
What the family got.
There are no deadlines for oblivion to a feat.
We remember the living, we mourn for the dead.
This day is sad for everyone
And there is a reason for this:
On this day, the reactor exploded
At the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
He brought a lot of grief to everyone,
That's why we want to
To past mistakes
We didn't have to repeat.
Today I urge you to remember
Chernobyl nightmare explosion.
Honor a moment of silence
All those who laid down their lives.
May memory be their reward
For a significant, great feat.
They saved without thinking
They hurt in body and soul.
The sky was filled with black smoke
People's lives suddenly crossed out.
The tragedy shook the whole world,
It was as if everything had suddenly died out.
Many years have passed, and yet
Everyone remembers that terrible grief.
Let it no longer disturb
Earth is our big beautiful home.
We remember Chernobyl, we will not forget
After all, this is our sadness and pain,
So many destinies destroyed
And mourn let the fire burn.
I want to keep them in my heart
All those who risked their lives
Threw myself on the radiator
And he stood behind his relatives.
This day is inscribed in history.
Black mourning color
Chernobyl tragedy
Don't let us forget about it.
The peaceful atom became the killer,
Ripped out of my hands
The network of radiation cast
We have a nuclear spider.
Let this day be a lesson
To everyone who continues to live
tragic mistakes
I don't want us to repeat it.
Chernobyl is our great pain,
We remember and mourn him
Today is the memory of the victims
We honor with our silence.
Let there be no terrible tragedies,
Shed tears and catastrophes
Let fate give us surprises
Let the world not be harsh.
On this day, disaster struck.
The one we call Chernobyl.
It was very scary, bad,
Grief knocked on every house.
Let's not forget all the mistakes
Forever in our minds we will take them into account.
So that only smiles shine around,
To make our home happy.
April was outside
Everything went on as usual!
Suddenly, a terrible explosion thundered:
What to do? How? And then what?
Alas, tragedy struck
People died, got hurt
Our planet is irradiated
And everyone panicked!
There were many terrible consequences.
And we still see them!
Let this be a lesson to us
Science is tough for others!
26 April. Chernobyl
All those terrible isotopes!
Time passes, everything is forgotten ...
Radiation just doesn't go anywhere!
People used to live next to her,
Die poisoned by this poison.
Humanity, stop
Think about the future, look at the past!
