Amet-Khan Sultan was born in the city of Alupka, now the Yalta City Council of the Republic of Crimea, in a working-class family. Father is a Lak (originally from the village of Tsovkra in Dagestan), mother is a Crimean Tatar. Member of the CPSU since 1942. In 1937 he graduated from the 7th grade and entered the railway school in Simferopol. After graduation, he worked as a mechanic in a railway depot in Simferopol. At the same time he studied at the flying club, which he successfully graduated in 1938.
In the Red Army since February 1939. In 1940, after graduating from the 1st Kachin Red Banner Military Aviation School named after A.F. Myasnikov, with the rank of junior lieutenant, he was sent to the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Odessa Military District), stationed near Chisinau. He flew on I-15 and I-153 aircraft. Met the war in Moldova.
In the Great Patriotic War
Already on June 22, 1941, the junior pilot of the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment Amet-Khan Sultan performed several sorties on the I-153 fighter to reconnaissance and attack the advancing enemy. In the autumn of 1941, it covers the sky of Rostov-on-Don. In the winter of 1942, the regiment was retrained for Hurricanes.
Since March 1942, the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment has been part of the air defense of the city of Yaroslavl. Here Amet-Khan Sultan won his first aerial victory. On May 31, 1942, having used up all the ammunition in the attacks, he rammed the Junkers-88 enemy bomber, hitting it with the left plane from below. Upon impact, Amet Khan's Hurricane was stuck in the Junkers, which caught fire. The pilot managed to get out of the cockpit of his plane and use a parachute. For this feat, Amet-Khan was awarded a nominal watch and awarded the title of honorary citizen of the city of Yaroslavl.
In the summer of 1942, Amet-Khan fought near Voronezh on a Yak-1 aircraft, and from August 1942, on a Yak-7B aircraft, he took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. Here he established himself as a recognized ace and was included in the 9th Guards IAP, a kind of team of Soviet pilots created to counter the German aces. This group, besides him, included recognized aces: future twice Heroes Soviet Union Vladimir Lavrinenkov, Alexei Ryazanov, Ivan Stepanenko and the future Heroes of the Soviet Union I. G. Borisov and B. N. Eremin. Near Stalingrad, Amet-Khan was shot down and escaped for the second time with the help of a parachute.
In October 1942, Amet-Khan Sultan became the commander of the 3rd air squadron of the 9th GIAP, in which he fought until the end of the war.
After retraining for the Airacobra, he takes part in the liberation of Rostov-on-Don, in fierce air battles in the Kuban, in the liberation of Taganrog, Melitopol, and the Crimea. In January 1944, together with his wingman, Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Borisov, Amet-Khan forced the German communication aircraft Fieseler Fi-156 Storch to land at his airfield. After a brief acquaintance with the cockpit of an unfamiliar car for him, he made an independent flight on it. After resting in the summer of 1944 and switching to the new La-7 fighter, Amet-Khan fought in East Prussia and took part in the capture of Berlin.
Best of the day
Major Amet-Khan Sultan conducted his last air battle of the guard on April 29, 1945 over the Tempelhof airfield located within Berlin, shooting down the Focke-Wulf 190.
In total, during the war, he made 603 sorties (of which 70 were to attack enemy manpower and equipment), conducted 150 air battles, in which he personally shot down 30 and as part of a group of 19 enemy aircraft.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 1136) was awarded to the squadron commander of the 9th Odessa Red Banner Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Captain Amet-Khan Sultan, on August 24, 1943. The second medal "Gold Star" was awarded to the assistant commander for airborne rifle service of the same regiment (1st Air Army), Major Amet-Khan Sultan, on July 26, 1945.
Post-war career
After the end of the war, by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, all aces pilots were sent to study at the academy. Since August 1945, Amet-Khan has been a student at the Air Force Academy in Monino. The study was very difficult, the lack of education made itself felt. And at the beginning of 1946, the pilot submits a report in which he writes: “Soberly weighing the level of my knowledge, I do not see the possibility of further study. Therefore, I ask you to expel me, because I am not sure that I can withstand five years of study at the academy. His report was satisfied, and in April 1946, Lieutenant Colonel Amet-Khan Sultan was transferred to the reserve.
However, the pilot could not live without the sky and therefore tried with all his might to return to the flying profession. For a long time he did not succeed. The blame for everything was his nationality [source not specified 153 days] (in the questionnaires he indicated that he was a Tatar), since at that time the Crimean Tatars were accused of aiding the Nazis and evicted from their homes. But thanks to the support and help of combat friends in February 1947, Amet-Khan Sultan became a test pilot at the Flight Research Institute in Zhukovsky. In 1956, together with a number of former party and Soviet workers of the Crimean ASSR, Amet-Khan Sultan signed a letter with a request for the rehabilitation of the Crimean Tatars, sent to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.
In a short time, he moved into the ranks of the best testers. In 1949, he was assigned the third class of a test pilot, in January 1950 - the second class, and already in September 1952, Amet-Khan Sultan became a test pilot of the 1st class. He successfully performs a variety of tests.
In June 1949, together with I. Shelest, on a Tu-2 aircraft, he conducted the country's first fully automatic refueling in the air.
At the end of 1949, Ya. I. Vernikov and Amet-Khan Sultan performed the first flight on an experimental all-weather two-seat fighter-interceptor of the Design Bureau of A. I. Mikoyan I-320 ("R-2") and in 1949-1950 they carried out factory tests .
In 1951-1953, Amet-Khan, together with S. N. Anokhin, F. I. Burtsev and V. G. Pavlov, carried out full tests of a manned analogue of the KS projectile (“Kometa-3”). The analogue aircraft (it was called K) was designed to test the air-to-ship projectile in a manned mode. The analogue was hung under the Tu-4KS aircraft, the carrier aircraft gained 3000 meters, after which it unhooked the analogue aircraft. Already in free fall automation turned on the engine, and the projectile flew to the target. During tests on this topic, Amet-Khan performed the first flight of K from the ground (January 4, 1951), the first launch from a carrier aircraft (in May 1951) and a large number of flights with uncoupling from the carrier aircraft. After one uncoupling, the engine of the projectile did not start immediately, and only thanks to the endurance of Amet-Khan, who did not leave the car, but continued to try to start the engine (which were crowned with success only at the very ground), the experimental car was saved. For conducting these tests, Amet-Khan Sultan was awarded the Stalin Prize of the 2nd degree in 1953.
Many flights were performed by Amet-Khan to test ejection systems from various aircraft. On November 12, 1958, during testing of the ejection seat for the Su-7 and Su-9 aircraft by test paratrooper V.I. Golovin, a powder cartridge of the catapult firing mechanism exploded on the MiG-15UTI aircraft. The fuel tank of the aircraft was pierced, both cabins were filled with fuel, there was a threat of fire. V. I. Golovin could not leave the plane due to the deformation of the ejection seat. In this situation, Amet-Khan Sultan decided to land the plane. The landing was carried out flawlessly and the life of a comrade was saved.
On September 23, 1961, Amet-Khan Sultan was awarded the title of "Honored Test Pilot of the USSR" (badge number - 38). During the flight work, he mastered about 100 types of aircraft, his flight time was 4237 hours.
The famous pilot lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow Region. On February 1, 1971, Amet-Khan Sultan died while performing a test flight on a Tu-16 flying laboratory designed to test a new jet engine. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
Awards
2 Gold Star medals
3 orders of Lenin
4 Orders of the Red Banner
Order of Alexander Nevsky
Order Patriotic War 1st degree
Order of the Red Star
Order of the Badge of Honor
Memory
Streets in Alupka, Volgograd, Zhukovsky, Makhachkala, a square and an flying club in Simferopol, a mountain peak in Dagestan are named after him.
Also in the city of Zhukovsky, on the street named after him, a monument was erected - a pilot standing on a wing
A bronze bust of the famous pilot was installed in his hometown of Alupka, as well as in Makhachkala.
Makhachkala Airport named after Ahmed Khan Sultan
The Amet-Khan Sultan platform is located on the 34th kilometer of the Ostryakovo - Evpatoria line
Lyceum-school No. 8 of the city of Kaspiysk of the Republic of Dagestan bears his name
Amet-Khan Sultan was born on October 25, 1920 in the village. Alupka, died on February 1, 1971 in the Moscow region during a test flight of the Tu-16 aircraft. The national hero of the Crimean Tatar people of Ukraine, a Soviet ace pilot who personally shot down 30 enemy aircraft and another 19 in the group. Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
4 exploits of Amet-Khan Sultan.
1. Amet-Khan Sultan - one of the famous aces pilots of the 2nd World War, who made 603 sorties, participated in 150 air battles, in which he personally shot down 30 and as part of a group of 19 enemy aircraft. Besides
He made 70 sorties at the beginning of the war as an attack pilot, flying outdated I-153 fighters;
In May 1942, having used up ammunition, he rammed a German bomber in the sky over Yaroslavl, as a result of which he almost died: Akhmet-Khan's Hurricane got stuck in the tail of the Junkers-88 falling from the ram, only at the last moment the pilot managed to jump out with a parachute (for a feat awarded the order Lenin);
He went from an ordinary pilot-junior lieutenant to the guard major - deputy commander fighter regiment all 4 years of the war from the first to last day on the front line, to whom, for personal courage, the commander of the 8th Air Army, General T. T. Khryukin, allowed Amet-Khan Sultan to draw an eagle on the fuselage of his aircraft, which was allowed only to the best aces pilots.
As a result, in 25 years: 2 stars of the Hero, 3 orders of Lenin, 3 orders of the Red Banner, one order of Alexander Nevsky, one order of the Patriotic War 1st degree and the Red Star on June 29, 1945.
2. Amet-Khan Sultan saved his family from deportation on May 18-20, 1944. During the years of Stalin's lawlessness, this was a feat, as a result of which the NKVD could shoot Amet-Khan Sultan himself. The events of that time are shown in feature film Khaitarma, released on screens in 2013.
In reality, the plot of the film is slightly at odds with history: in May 1944, during a trip to his parents in Alupka, he gets on a special operation of the NKVD to forcibly deport Crimean Tatars. The NKVD wanted to deport the pilot's mother. General Khryukin intervened in the matter, who managed to negotiate with the NKVD not to evict the Sultan's mother to Uzbekistan, given his military merits. When this was done, the general sent the ace's parents to the Krasnodar Territory to their parents, where they lived until the end of the war, after which they returned to Alupka.
3. After the war, Amet-Khan Sultan became an honored test pilot of the USSR. He failed to study at the Air Force Academy in Monino (now named after Yu. Gagarin) due to a lack of education, which amounted to 7 classes before the war and a railway school. Amet-Khan Sultan was transferred to the reserve in 1946, but thanks to the support of his combat friends, he was accepted as a test pilot at the Flight Research Institute in Zhukovsky, where he tested all kinds of novelties of the latest aviation technology:
Tu-2 bomber;
Air-to-ship projectile aircraft in manned mode, which the pilot unhooked from the Tu-4KS bomber and led to the target;
ejection system on the Su-7 fighter-bomber and Su-9 fighter-interceptor;
Amet-Khan Sultan died in the sky on February 1, 1971 while testing a new jet engine on a Tu-16 bomber.
During his work as a test pilot, Amet-Khan mastered about 100 types of aircraft, flying 4237 hours.
4. After the war, Amet-Khan Sultan fought repeatedly and sought the rehabilitation of his Crimean Tatar people.
Amet Khan repeatedly appealed to the leadership of the USSR with a request to return the Crimean Tatars to their homeland. After the 20th Congress of the CPSU, he, together with his comrades and workers of the Crimean ASSR, signed a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine with a request for the rehabilitation of the Crimean Tatars. In response, he was not allowed on a business trip to France, where he was invited to the celebration of the Normandie-Niemen regiment, with which he fought side by side during the 2nd World War. Formally, the ban on his departure was issued in connection with the participation of the Sultan in the testing of the secret Su-9 fighter. Nevertheless, everyone perfectly understood that the refusal occurred as a result of a violation of the taboo on the Crimean Tatar peoples.
Biography of Amet Khan Sultan.
1937 - entered the railway factory school in Simferopol;
1938 - training at the flying club;
1939 - entered the First Kachinsky military aviation school named after Myasnikov;
1940 - graduated from an accelerated course with the rank of junior lieutenant;
March 3 - 1942 - the first air victory, for which he had to ram down the enemy's Junkers-88;
July 1942 - included in the 8th Air Army, transferred to Yelets;
Summer 1944 - Amet-Khan married Faina Maksimovna Danilchenko;
April 29, 1945 - held the last victorious battle over the Tempelhof airfield, shooting down the Focke-Wulf-190;
August 3, 1945 - a student of the Military Academy of Command and Navigators in Monino. However, due to the lack basic education, study as an ace pilot was not easy;
April 1946 - released to the reserve in connection with his own report with a request for deduction;
May 1949 - left for Moscow, where he applied for a job as a test pilot at the Flight Research Institute. Nevertheless, he never received an answer, since the Crimean Tatars were deleted from the history of the state. And Amet-Khan never hid his origin. He nevertheless got the job of a tester, thanks to the help of his colleagues;
1949 - test pilot 3rd class;
1950 - test pilot 2nd class;
1952 - test pilot 1st class;
1947-1949 - makes test flights to study aerodynamic characteristics at speeds close to the speed of sound at the flying laboratories LL-1 and LL-2;
1949 - conducted a test of automatic refueling of an aircraft in the air using the "wing-to-wing" method;
1951-1953 - tested the pilot prototype "K", which was the first aviation ship-based cruise missile;
1953 - took part in studies of the stability of aircraft control at supersonic speeds;
1958-1959 - tested the piloted prototype SM-20;
On April 7, 1959, he performed the first test flight on the NM-1 aircraft, designed to fly at an altitude of more than 30 thousand meters;
On February 1, 1971, Amet-Khan Sultan died. The tragedy occurred during the flight of the Tu-16LL flying laboratory, when testing a new jet engine. The aircraft entered the test area, after which the flight engineer began to lower the engine. The radio operator reported to Earth about the start of the mission. This was the last message from the lab. Her entire crew was killed.
Amet-Khan Sultan was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Awards of Amet-Khan Sultan.
Lots of medals.
Amet-Khan Sultan and social networks.
Page in memory of Amet-Khan on the Odnoklassniki social network.
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Not mind ir ayu t n a z eat le ...
There are outstanding people on earth who live according to the highest score - without regard to belonging to a particular family, land, people. But the greatness of these people is measured not so much by their large-scale activities, but by the fact that they remember and sacredly honor their life sources, the taste and smell of mother's milk, familiar faces, blessed native places.
Such outstanding people can safely be attributed to Amet Khan Sultan - twice Hero of the Soviet Union, laureate of the State Prize, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR. He lived a short (only 51 years) but heroic life, forever glorifying not only himself, his family and native places, but also his own, albeit not numerous, but many survived people.
And it all started normally: a generous and beautiful Crimean land, a good and strong family, an ordinary Crimean Tatar school in his native town of Alupka, and then a factory school in Simferopol.
It cannot be said that Amet Khan dreamed of the sky from early childhood: just in the years of his youth, the most active and creative achievements of science and technology were embodied in aircraft construction, in the development of flying clubs and the craze of young people in military technical sports. So Amet-khan in Simferopol became actively involved in the flying club. Only then did he realize how interesting and important it was for him - the hobby of youth became a lifelong passion.
That is why in 1939-40. Amet Khan went to study at the Kachin School of Military Pilots, and at the end of it he attached one cube (military insignia) to the blue buttonholes of the commander's tunic. In his graduation certificate, the military authorities gave him the following description: “He flies excellently and with great desire, learns flight practice quickly and firmly. In the air, bold and persistent, proactive and hardy…”.
It is these qualities developed in flight military school, helped the young fighter pilot a lot throughout the Great Patriotic War - from its first to its last day, secured the glory of an invulnerable reconnaissance pilot for him. Kineshma and Yaroslavl (here he received the first Order of Lenin for his famous "ram"), Yelets and Voronezh, Stalingrad and Rostov. The fascist pilots already immediately recognized Amet Khan Sultan by his combat style, urgently transmitted to each other by radio: “Ahtung! Ahtung! Amet Khan is in the sky!” When the ace pilot was appointed squadron commander, he showed and proved to young pilots (yes, young ones, although he himself ended the war in Berlin at the age of 25!) using available examples, that it is possible to beat the Nazis at any heights and at any ratio forces. He told them: “A fighter pilot must not only master the aircraft perfectly, but also have military cunning, the ability to change the most effective tactical technique during a fleeting air battle in order to defeat the enemy for sure.”
And he fought, and received both the highest military awards, and less valuable and memorable personal gifts for him. For example, once the regiment commander before the ranks handed Amet Khan his general's wrist watch: “As a sign of the most beautiful battle of those that I have watched in my life!”, - so it was said to the awarded.
In the autumn of 1942, Amet-Khan Sultan took part in the Battle of Stalingrad on a Yak-7 fighter. Here, in the fiery sky of Stalingrad, the pilot is included in a special group created to counter the German aces. In one of the fierce battles, his plane is shot down. Amet-Khan Sultan is saved with the help of a parachute.
By the summer of 1943, the ace had already personally shot down 14 enemy planes. On August 24, 1943, by the Decree of the President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Amet Khan Sultan was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
After Stalingrad, there were fierce air battles in the Kuban, the liberation of Taganrog, Melitopol and native Crimea. At the beginning of May 1944, the Crimea was completely liberated from the invaders, and the participants in the liberation, the pilots of the 8th Air Army, were given rest for the first time during the war years. And the happy Amet Khan, together with several fellow soldiers, went to his native Alupka to visit his parents. The joy of meeting, the happiness of communicating with parents - everything was destroyed the next morning: the crying of the mother woke up the sleeping guests. Seeing officers in flight uniforms with many orders and stars “Hero of the Soviet Union”, one soldier reported: “We are following the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief to evict all residents of the Tatar nationality,” the deportation of Crimean Tatars was carried out. Hero of the Soviet Union Captain Amet-Khan Sultan appeals to the NKVD officers with a request not to evict his mother. But it's all in vain. Then the desperate pilot turns to the commander of the 8th Air Army, Timofey Khryukin, and only with the help of the general is it possible to protect the mother of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
Amet Khan returned to the regiment closed and silent, and only very few understood how difficult it was for their friend to survive this tragic morning in Alupka. And the war was already, one might say, at the end - East Prussia, Germany.
The army commander, Hero of the Soviet Union S.I. Rudenko wrote: “We had heard about the native of Crimea, the Hero of the Soviet Union Amet Khan Sultan even earlier, as a skilled air fighter. Now he fought in the skies of Berlin and immediately proved himself invulnerable in the air, possessing a lightning-fast reaction and extraordinary endurance in complex aerobatics.
The last enemy aircraft was shot down by Guards Major Amet Khan Sultan in the skies of Berlin in April 1945. “For the courage and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, for the successful conduct of 603 sorties, for personally shooting down 30 enemy aircraft different types, for 19 enemy aircraft destroyed in group battles, comrade Amet-khan Sultan was awarded the title twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 30, 1945, Amet Khan Sultan was awarded the second Gold Star medal and the Order of Lenin.
Peace reigned on earth, and Amet Khan Sultan became a tester of the new aviation and space technology. Thanks to the support and assistance of?Timofey Khryukin?in?February?47, Amet-Khan?Sultan?becomes?a?test pilot at the Flight Research Institute in Zhukovsky near Moscow. In a short time, he becomes one of the best testers in the country, performing the most difficult flights.
In the 49th year, Amet-Khan Sultan participates in the first experiments on refueling aircraft in flight. This system was then successfully used for a long time in long-range aviation. In the early 50s, Amet-Khan Sultan conducts unusual tests. He will have to test not more, not less, but an air-to-ship cruise missile. A manned analogue of the missile is hung under the Tu-4, the carrier aircraft gains a height of 3000 meters, after which it unhooks the projectile aircraft. Already in free fall, the automation turns on the engine, and the analogue flies to the target. After working out the automation, the pilot takes control and lands the projectile on the ground.
From the memoirs of P.I. Kazmin: “In one of the flights, Amet-khan, therefore, was not going to unhook yet, did not start the engine and suddenly felt that he was unhooked. That is, somewhere something shorted out, and he began to fall with the engine not running. … This is the situation. ... But Amet Khan, therefore, was not at a loss, that is, he probably felt the seriousness and danger of this phenomenon, he took all measures, grouped, gathered himself and in his mind, which means that he thought everything over very clearly and managed to start the engine on the first attempt, Here. But at that moment, it means that the cruise missile was almost above the level of the bay. Turned immediately to the airfield and sat down. When he sat down, I was the first to meet him, when he got out of the cab and said, “You know, Petya, my legs are shaking, it wasn’t so scary in the war, and as they say, and I didn’t feel the inevitability of this impending disaster, my legs didn’t hold, here.
The tests were continued and soon the cruise missile was put into service. The question arises of rewarding test pilots. Amet-Khan Sultan is presented to the third Golden Star. But again, his nationality plays a fatal role. Crimean Tatar - three times Hero of the Soviet Union? This is impossible! As a result, Amet-Khan Sultan is awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Stalin Prize of the 2nd degree.
In the 61st year, Amet-Khan Sultan was awarded the title of Honored Test Pilot of the USSR. This was a sign of the highest recognition of his flying merits. The authority of Amet-Khan Sultan was indisputable. Everyone loved and respected him: pilots, designers, and children in the yard. His opinion was listened to.
In the early 60s, Amet-Khan Sultan took part in flights to create weightless regimes for training the first cosmonauts, and met many of them. On unique amateur film frames, he is captured with Yuri Gagarin. The first cosmonaut of the planet came to Zhukovsky to congratulate the test pilots on May Day. He perfectly understands that if it were not for their hard work, there would be no his flight into space.
In October 70, Amet-Khan Sultan turns 50 years old. The hero of the day accepts congratulations and sums up: for 32 years of flight work, about 100 types of aircraft have been mastered, more than 4,000 hours have been spent in the sky. During the feast, former fellow soldier Pavel Golovachev asks the hero of the day: is he going to end his flying activity? In response, Amet-Khan Sultan tells a parable that eagles never die on earth. Feeling the approach of death, they last strength fly up, and then fold their wings and fall to the ground like a stone. Therefore, the eagles die in the sky, they fall to the ground already dead.
The words turn out to be prophetic. Amet Khan died like an eagle - in flight. On February 1, 1971, he and his crew perform a test flight on a Tu-16 flying laboratory. Due to the separation of the flaps, the aircraft begins to collapse and explodes in the air.
The illustrious aviator openly protested against the accusation of an entire nation of "treachery." He defended his mother, wrote in the questionnaires not "Dagestan", but "Crimean Tatar". As part of the delegation of the Crimean Tatars, the legendary ace was at a reception at the Central Committee of the party on Staraya Square - with a petition for their return to their native places. But it took another three decades before that happened.
Now it's our turn to fulfill our debt of gratitude to this man: saving the whole city, he put his own life on the line.
Streets in Volgograd and Zhukovsky near Moscow, a mountain peak in the Caucasus, a school in Kaspiysk, and the country's only airport in Makhachkala are named after Amet Khan Sultan. His bronze busts stand in the capital of the Republic of Dagestan, in the resort Alupka, at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
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Center activists believe that the problems of the Bashkir Tatars will be resolved by a referendum based on the decree of the Central Election Commission and the Council people's commissars(SNK) RSFSR No. 425 of 1920. On April 12, the XI Kurultai took place in Kazan, where the Bashkir Tatars announced a referendum.
“In recent years, the authorities of Bashkortostan have created insurmountable obstacles to the formation of Tatar autonomy in the republic. Tatar national organizations, opposition forces and their leaders are stubbornly persecuted. There are times when even artists, politicians, public figures from Tatarstan they are not allowed into Bashkiria,” Rafis Kashapov, chairman of the TOC, told the Russian Planet.
TOC activists are outraged, in particular, by the problems with getting an education in Bashkiria. Kashapov claims that 1.8 million Tatars live in Bashkiria, but there are practically no Tatar schools either in Ufa or in other regions of the republic. “What can we say about the secondary vocational and higher education. In 2012, there were 183 left in Bashkortostan Tatar schools. In Ufa, there are only two Tatar gymnasiums for 300,000 Tatars. This is a complete non-observance of the rights of the Tatars to national education", he laments.
According to him, Tatar schools are "turning" into Bashkir ones. “We declare a complete disregard for the rights and open linguistic ethnocide of the Tatars in Bashkortostan. No one has the right to tell us that the Tatars are alien people,” added the chairman of the TOC.
Kashapov spoke about the plans of the Bashkir Tatars for the fight against discrimination: the convocation of Kurtulay Tatars of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan in the near future, an appeal to the heads of the republics and "rich Tatars to solve financial problems."
Recently, other Tatars - Crimean - demanded the creation of a national-territorial autonomy in Crimea. In the resolution they adopted, they demand the restoration of historical names, the recognition of the legislature, as well as "immediate cessation of discrimination and repression against the Crimean Tatars on political, national and religious grounds."
“Kazan and Crimean Tatars are united not only by belonging to the Turkic-speaking peoples, but also by a common historical destiny,” continues Kashapov. - We, Kazan Tatars, remember the conquest of the Crimea by Russia in 1783 and the liquidation of the statehood of the Crimean Tatars - Crimean Khanate. Thousands have been destroyed settlements with their inhabitants, the exodus of a significant part of the indigenous population to neighboring states, the seizure of land from peasants, the destruction of traditional ties and the economy of the peninsula. We fully agree with the demand for the creation of a national-territorial autonomy in Crimea. Moreover, my twin brother Nafis Kashapov, a political emigrant from Tatarstan, communicated for eight years with the leaders of the Crimean Tatar people and also supports the demand of the Crimean Tatars.”
“You should not compare the Crimean and Bashkir Tatars - they are completely opposite. At least the Crimean Tatars are not nationalists and defend completely different problems,” the candidate says, in turn. historical sciences, associate professor of Nizhny Novgorod state university them. N. I. Lobachevsky Fedor Dorofeev. The resolution of the Bashkir Tatars, in his opinion, can be called another attempt to return to the political and public field in connection with Ukraine and Crimea. “TOC is a political organization that has been operating for more than a decade. They don't care who they work with, they try to be located on the periphery in order to attract as many people as possible. It is not known how many participants in this movement actually are,” he said in an interview with the RP.
This is not the first time that Tatar nationalists have shown dissatisfaction with the Bashkir authorities. TOC activists and members of the youth union "Azatlyk" offered, among other things, to relocate Russian Tatars beyond the Arctic Circle. Tatar nationalists have become especially active in the last two years. “In the resolution published in January 2012, in addition to the issue of discrimination, there was a call to rally against Russian President Putin and take Active participation in the democratic movement for civil rights and freedoms in state structure countries,” the expert recalled.
According to him, “there are all signs of a call for a color revolution: the activists of the TOC gather those dissatisfied with the authorities throughout the district, accumulate their discontent, and it turns out driving force, which can then go to the streets.
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Amet-Khan Sultan became one of the most productive and famous fighter pilots of the Great Patriotic War. The Germans called him the Black Devil, and when they saw his plane in the sky, they immediately transmitted over the radio to their pilots, who were in this square: “Achtung! Achtung! Everyone return to the base - Amet-Khan Sultan is in the sky. It was not difficult to distinguish the plane - an eagle was painted on it. The right to have a similar distinctive sign on a car in Soviet army it was not easy to obtain, but Amet-Khan himself was given permission by the commander of the 8th Air Army, General Timofey Khryukin.
Unique ram
Amet-Khan won his first air victory on May 31, 1942 during the defense of a strategically important object - a railway bridge across the Volga near Yaroslavl. The link of Soviet fighters was not supposed to allow enemy bombers to cross.
"Hurricane" Amet-Khan (our pilots by this time were flying on British cars) had already fired all the ammunition, but at that moment one of the enemy "Junkers" broke through the barrier and went to the crossing. Then our pilot decided to ram. And he succeeded, so much so that the fighter got stuck in the fuselage of the bomber. The cars flew down like a stone, but the Sultan was able to jump out with a parachute at the last moment.
For this feat, the fighter pilot was awarded the Order of Lenin, and the grateful residents of Yaroslavl presented him with a nominal watch.
Regiment of aces
During Battle of Stalingrad our troops needed to seize the initiative in the sky. Especially for this, the already mentioned commander of the 8th Air Army, Timofey Timofeevich Khryukin, decided to form a special aviation unit, which was dubbed the “regiment of aces”. It was created on the basis of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment: they recruited the best of the best. Amet-Khan Sultan also got into the connection, who by this time had already established himself as a top-class pilot.
However, one of the battles near Stalingrad almost cost him his life. The regiment received an urgent task to fly to cover one of the crossings, which was attacked by the Germans. Amet-Khan took a very risky step: together with his wingman, he rushed forward to distract the cover fighters while the rest of the squadron cracked down on the bombers. In battle, the Sultan was able to shoot down two Messers, but his plane was also damaged and caught fire. There was only one way out - to jump. Descending on a parachute, the ace saw how they were heading towards him german fighters. The pilots of the Luftwaffe had a dirty pastime: to shoot ejected pilots with machine guns. Suddenly, the formation of the Messerschmitts trembled and fell apart - the wingman did not abandon his commander, drove away the Nazis and “escorted” him to the very landing. It’s good that there were positions of our troops below, which helped him get to his unit.
Gift for stormtroopers
Colleagues and close comrades of Amet-Khan always noted his modesty, even shyness. Nevertheless, at the helm of the aircraft, he was transformed, sometimes committing acts that can only be called recklessness. One such act was witnessed by another famous Soviet aviator, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, attack pilot Musa Gareev. This is how he describes their meeting in his book "Stormtroopers Go to Target":
“That day we were at the airport waiting for flights. Everyone, as usual, was minding his own business. Suddenly, an enemy plane appeared over the airfield. The anti-aircraft gunners were already ready to open fire, but the plane went down sharply and soon landed. Everyone rushed to the landing site. We look, and Amet-Khan gets out of the cab. Smiling, he says:
- Receive a gift from our fighters.
- Whose plane? Where?
- It's clear where. We planted it on our site. Yes, he bored us. I've sent it to you, maybe it will be useful...
- So we could shoot you down!
“We wouldn’t be able to.”
This “wouldn’t have had time” shows that in fact the good-natured and cheerful guy had incredible skill, military training and professionalism.
End of war, beginning of peace
Amet-Khan Sultan went through the whole war. He made his last sortie on April 29, 1945 over Berlin. In that battle, he shot down a Focke-Wulf 190 fighter. In total, throughout the war, he conducted 603 sorties, participated in 150 air clashes, and personally shot down 30 enemy fighters.
After the war, Amet-Khan Sultan, like all aces pilots, was sent to study. But soon he realized that being a student at the Air Force Academy in Monino was not for him. He drops out of school and retires. Like many front-line soldiers, civilian life took him by surprise, and faced with its difficulties, he fell into depression. He was not attracted civil Aviation, and military institutions did not take him, even despite numerous awards. The reason is simple - by his mother Amet-Khan was Crimean Tatar, and his brother served as a policeman during the occupation of the peninsula, collaborating with the Germans.
The situation was saved by chance. Once on the street he was met by Vladimir Lavrinenkov, a front-line comrade and the same wingman who drove the fascist Messers away from him near Stalingrad. Vladimir continued to keep in touch with General Khryukin, the father of the “regiment of aces”, who, in turn, greatly appreciated Amet-Khan. Under the patronage of General Sultan, as a former front-line soldier, he managed to become a test pilot at the Flight Research Institute in Zhukovsky. He had a hand in the development of almost all aircraft, and many of the technical solutions that he tested are still used today.
Doom
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, three-time holder of the Order of Lenin, four-time holder of the Order of the Red Banner, holder of the Order of the Patriotic War I degree, laureate of the Stalin Prize and Honored Test Pilot died on February 1, 1971.
The laboratory aircraft for testing a new type of engine, at the helm of which was Amet-Khan Sultan, crashed during a test flight. Everyone on the plane died.
Buried Amet-Khan Sultan in Zhukovsky.
As a child, in the Crimea, he tried to catch eagles on rocky mountains. Amet-Khan met the war in the early morning of June 22 near Chisinau. He took off on a reconnaissance mission, and discovered how, along the bridge over ...
As a child, in the Crimea, he tried to catch eagles on rocky mountains. Amet-Khan met the war in the early morning of June 22 near Chisinau. He took off on a reconnaissance mission, and found out how other people's tanks were moving along the bridge over the Prut. Three days later, the regiment where the Sultan served was destroyed by enemy bombers.
Angry beyond belief at the death of many comrades, Amet-Khan so quickly got used to the burning sky that in October he received his first military award - the Order of the Red Banner. Presenting the award, they said about him that the pilot in battle persistently, stubbornly and tirelessly pursues the enemy until complete destruction.
He instantly made decisions, was considered a master of combat intelligence. One of the first fought in deep twilight, almost at night. Having mastered the English Hurricane, in May 42, at a great height of over seven thousand meters, he attacked the Ju-88.
But the fascist got experienced. At great speed, he evaded the attack. Entering from the rear hemisphere, the pilot managed to shoot the enemy's machine-gun point. But ran out of ammo. Instantly, he decided to ram the enemy. The German immediately understood the intention Soviet pilot. The red star plane raced forward uncontrollably.
Amet-Khan did not miss the enemy. He was ashamed to return home without a victory. And no one will reproach, but that's a shame and that's it. The right wing at great speed cut through the plane of the Nazi. The Junkers left in a dive with a smoky tail, and the Soviet ace jumped out of the burning plane by parachute.
The captured German pilots of the crushed complained that "not according to the rules" they were shot down by the Soviet ace. He said, "Our sky, our rules." Deciding to take a walk around Yaroslavl, he saw his downed Junkers. It was brought by the townspeople themselves to the main street of the city in order to visually show the dead plane.
People looked at the plane with pleasure, discussed an article in a newspaper about a fearless pilot. Amet-Khan, embarrassed, left the square unrecognized. He felt awkward. He didn't do anything of the sort. I just fought. The Yaroslavl Defense Committee awarded him a nominal watch. He wore them all his life.
The pilot's victories kept coming. In August, having transferred to the new Yak-7A, and having won several combat victories, he became a legend among the troops, as a pilot who is not familiar with fear. It turned out that in seconds he managed to rebuild, seeing the enemy and attacking him. And how he noticed German planes faster than anyone else, he himself did not know.
Very cheerful, he left us some soldier puns. When receiving another combat aircraft, he said - we change the donkey for a horse. The name from the oriental tale was easily remembered among the troops. Sparkling humor created him the glory of a merry fellow. Fighting friends used to say about him: "Aviation without the Sultan is like a wedding without wine and music."
Oriental affectionate, soft and insinuating on the ground, he fought in the air with the Nazis cruelly and ruthlessly. The sky belonged to Amet Khan. The Germans should not forget this. Short, with curly tar hair, very dark eyes, he always looked into the eyes of the interlocutor.
Receiving the first Star of the Hero, in August 43rd, he learned that he had made more than three hundred and fifty sorties, conducted 79 battles, and personally shot down 11 fascist aircraft. As part of the battle group - 19 vehicles. The pilot himself did not keep track of the downed aircraft. He always laughed that there were better accountants than him.
He loved chess, but easily agreed to play cards and checkers. He was distinguished by a special chic on earth - he wore riding breeches and chrome soft boots, polished to a shine. A pre-war carpet coat on a tunic, and a non-removable flight raglan. Before the flight, he was nervous, but when he took off, he became a cold-blooded and methodical fighter.
The Sultan did not admit doubts in battle. Personal qualities were the reason for the transfer to the elite regiment of aviation aces - the 9th Guards Fighter Battalion. The pass was worth five downed enemy planes. His record was much higher.
A rather peculiar characterization was given to a combat pilot: “From the first day in the army. All fights are won, he is the last to leave the fight. But he cannot explain his actions. He only remembers that he is hitting the enemy. He loved to laugh at other people's jokes, was a master of combat, and carried away his comrades by personal example.
The commander of an elite air regiment, Lev Shestakov, a brilliant pilot, once, paired with the Sultan, found himself in battle. Returning, the pilot, lying on the ground, said: "Shestakov is not a LION, he is a devil." Returning from flights, Amet-Khan fired into the air and shouted: "For the living."
The troops were fighting to the West. Soviet planes flew there. The regiment received permission to make drawings on the fuselage. “The sky belongs to the eagles,” said Amet Khan. Eagles sprawled on the machines of his squadron.
“What do vons and barons mean to me? I myself am Khan and Sultan. He believed that altitude was a pilot's friend and closest assistant. In night battles, Amet-Khan and his comrades shot down up to a dozen cars. At the request of the command about the new conduct of the battle, Amet-Khan said: “There is nothing new. Where we see the enemy, there we beat him.
Absolutely unique case. The pilots, resting from flying, lay freely on the grass. Suddenly a strange cavalcade appeared on the horizon. A single-engine German Fi-156 Storch was flying. He walked near the ground, and above him hung two fighters with eagles on the fuselage.
The German did not even try to escape. He immediately sat down on the field. The cabin opened and jumped out ... Amet-Khan. Smiling frankly, he said - Suddenly it will come in handy. I also brought a pilot.
He flew to a duel with a German pilot, having received a challenge. Two planes, two high-class pilots fought for the sky. Without firing a single shot, the two planes tumbled in the air. And yet, Amet-Khan shot down the German with one shot after 15 minutes. As it turned out, up to this point the German had destroyed 50 Soviet aircraft.
The second Gold Star was awarded to him on June 29, 1945. The personal trophies of the Sultan were thirty German aircraft. He came out of terrible war winner. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union entered and successfully graduated from the Air Force Academy.
Two Stars of the Hero, an incredible number of orders (12) and medals shone on the chest of the famous pilot. Amet Khan became a test pilot. The work was quite consistent with his fighting, bold character. He died in 1971. He loved the sky, friends, planes, country. He loved life.
