Note:
This version of the back test is compiled in the USE format. The test presents those jobs which may contain questions on this topic.
Detailed answers with explanations are given, as well as abstracts of essays (task No. 29) about goal-setting, needs, and public opinion. The material will help in preparing for the exam.
Quotes (task number 29):
- (L.N. Tolstoy)
- .(I.W. Goethe)
- .(B.Pascal)
Part 1
The answers to tasks 1–20 are
a word (phrase) or a sequence of numbers. Write your answers in the answer boxes in the text of the work, and then transfer them to the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of
numbers of the corresponding tasks, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each character in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
1Write down the missing word in the table.
Characteristics of the forms of spiritual culture
Answer:
Correct answer
social
2In the row below, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. Write down this word.
material, cognitive, activity, socially transformative, value-oriented, prognostic
Answer:
Correct answer
activity
3Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two,
indicate the structure of the activity.
1) purpose; 2) abilities; 3) means); 4) result; 5) subject; 6) skills.
Find two terms that “fall out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
Answer:
Correct answer
Explanation.
Recall the structure of activity, that is, its components: motive, goal, means and methods, actions, result. Subject and object of activity.
4Choose the correct judgments about the person and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) is formed in the process of socialization;
2) can exist outside of society;
3) the basis of the social qualities of the individual - inclinations;
4) has the ability to be responsible for his actions and deeds;
5) a newborn person is already a person.
Answer:
Correct answer
Explanation.
1) is formed in the process of socialization ( Yes);
2) can exist outside of society ( No, only in society does a person become personality, that is, acquires socially significant features that help him live among people).
3) the basis of the social qualities of the individual - the makings ( No, This natural qualities, but they, of course, can only develop in society)
4) has the ability to be responsible for his actions and deeds ( Yes)
5) a newborn person is already a person ( No, This person, individual, but not a person, he still cannot communicate, be responsible for his actions, etc.)
5Match between hallmarks and the types of society they illustrate: for each item given in the first column, match the item from the second column.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
A
B
IN
G
D
Correct answer
6The composer has created a new work. What facts characterize his activity as creative? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) pattern making
2) standardization of actions and techniques
3) combination, variation of various methods of activity
4) brightness, unusualness of the created work
5) creating a new work
6) the use of techniques and methods that did not previously exist
Answer:
Correct answer
Explanation.
Creative activity- this is the creation of something new by a person, not according to the standard and pattern. Therefore, numbers 1 and 2 are incorrect.
20Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
“It is human nature to desire to satisfy one's ____ (A). To do this, he needs to engage in _____ (B). The key to its success is _____ (B), which can be improved throughout life. The highest degree of their development is _____ (D). It is impossible without natural ______ (D), the development of which leads to high results. Only ______(E) is able to create something valuable for themselves and society.
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
1) genius
2) giftedness
3) creativity
4) ability
5)needs
6) personality
7) activity
8) makings
9) individuality
The table below lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.
A
B
IN
G
D
E
Correct answer
Part 2
To write down the answers to the tasks of this part (21–29), use the ANSWER FORM No. 2. First write down the task number (21, 22, etc.), and then the detailed answer to it. Write your answers clearly and legibly.
Read the text and do tasks 21-24.
| For a correct understanding of a person's personality, it is necessary to consider the broader context in which it exists. A person is connected with the world around him by a system of diverse relationships and connections. In the system of these connections, a person is also studied as a natural individual with an inherent development program and a certain range variability, and both subject and object historical development- personality, and as the main productive force of society - the subject of labor, knowledge and communication, which emphasizes its integral nature. Man also appears as an individual. If we want to understand a person, his appearance and behavior as a holistic and integral formation, we must study him both as an individual, and as a subject, and as a person, and, finally, as an individual, any opposition, and even more so ignoring or exaggerating one of these parameters person is unacceptable. It is unacceptable insofar as otherwise the idea of human psychology as an integral entity will be deformed. (Based on the book by V.A. Averin "Psychology of Personality") |
Answer:
22 Name three approaches to the study of personality, named in the text. Attracting social science knowledge, facts public life, name another one, not indicated in the textAnswer:
Correct answer
The text names three approaches to the study of personality:
- consideration of the personality as a natural individual;
- as a subject and object of historical development;
as the main productive force of society.
One more aspect of the study personality - study agents of the first and second socialization.
23 What three sides of the study of personality does the author name? Using the facts of public life and personal social experience, give an example of how study of one of these aspects.Answer:
Correct answer
- as an individual
- as an individual
- as a personality, with its inherent features.
So, studying a personality as an individuality, its biological features (thinking, temperament, etc.), its character, level of formation are considered. moral qualities responsibility for deeds and actions. All this allows you to study the personality in all its individual originality and originality.
24 Using the text and social science knowledge, give three explanations the idea expressed in the text that " in the process of studying it.Answer:
Correct answer
«… it is unacceptable to ignore or exaggerate one of the parameters of a person" in the process of studying it. Three explanations:
- it is impossible to understand a person without studying the features of his individuality - a view of the world, ideals, values, the purpose of life, etc.;
- a person is a social being, therefore, studying him, personal qualities formed in society are considered;
- finally, a person is an individual, a single representative of the human race, therefore, studying him from this point of view, generalized features that are characteristic of all people are considered.
Conclusion: the study of man should be carried out comprehensively.
25 What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept "capabilities"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about ability levels, and one sentence revealing the features of one of these ability levels.Answer:
Correct answer
Abilities are the qualities of a person that allow him to successfully perform any activity. Allocate levels of abilities: giftedness, talent, genius. Genius is highly developed abilities backed up by natural inclinations; genius is characterized by the creation of a new law, a direction in art, a school, etc., that did not previously exist in society.
26 Name and illustrate any three personality traits.Answer:
Correct answer
Personality Features:
- Ability to work (Sergey - car repairman);
- Ability to communicate (Anna and Irina discussed how they spoke at the conference);
- Responsibility for actions and deeds (the head of the company N., working on the modernization of production, offered the dismissed employees vacancies in firms, giving everyone a recommendation for a new employer).
Literary critic V. G. Belinsky wrote:
“Without a goal there is no activity, without interests there is no goal, and without activity there is no life.”
What feature of human activity did V. G. Belinsky write about?
What, according to critics, is the role of activity in human life?
Using social science knowledge, indicate any three types of human activity.
Answer:
Correct answer
VG Belinsky wrote about such a personality trait as the ability to set goals.
According to the critic, activity is the basis of human life.
Activities:
— social
- production
- cognitive.
28 You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Man is a biosocial being." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.Answer:
Correct answer
Man is a biosocial being.
Plan.
- The concept of man as a biosocial being.
- Biological in man:
- the instinct of self-preservation
- maternal instinct
- procreation instinct
- physiological needs.
3.Social in a person:
- ability to communicate
- ability to work
- goal setting, etc.
4. The need to take into account the social and biological in a person in the formation of his personality.
By completing task 29, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive to you. For this purpose, choose only ONE of the statements below (29.1–29.5).
29Choose one of the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).
When presenting your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use the knowledge gained in the study of the social science course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own life experience. (Give at least two
examples from various sources.)
Answer:
Correct answer
29.1Philosophy.
“Before talking about the good of satisfying needs, we must decide which needs constitute the good.”
(L.N. Tolstoy. The greatest Russian writer, teacher, philosopher, educator (1828-1910)
Answer:
Correct answer
29.1Philosophy
“Give a man a purpose worth living for, and he can survive in any situation.”
(I.W. Goethe. German poet, natural scientist, statesman and thinker (1749-1832)
Answer:
Correct answer
| The main idea of the quote.
In the statement of the German poet, scientist, thinker I.W. Goethe, an idea was expressed about the importance of setting a goal in a person’s life. The author notes that it is the goal that fills life with meaning, gives strength to a person. Indeed, a clear goal that a person aspires to becomes a beacon that illuminates the path and helps to survive all difficulties. Terms. Activities, goal-setting, material and spiritual activities, means and methods of activity, the meaning of life, life values. Arguments. 1. It's scary if a person leads an aimless lifestyle. Let us recall Oblomov, the hero of the novel of the same name by I.A. Goncharova. His life has become a do-nothing. Yes, he thinks a lot, even expresses interesting thoughts about people, society, the meaning of life. But the hero does nothing. Even just to write a letter to the clerk to find out how things are going on his estate, he cannot, he constantly puts it off. How many experiences brings him a meeting with Olga, because the heroine literally forced him to do something. But Ilya Oblomov was unable to change his life. Lack of purpose, activity led to the imminent death of the hero. 2. You can give a lot of examples of people whose life is an active, purposeful movement towards the implementation of their plans. In the ZhZL series (“The Life of Remarkable People”) there is a book by Evgeny Lebedev about M.V. Lomonosov. The author, talking about life path this great man, tirelessly emphasizes that M.V. Lomonosov was constantly striving for something. He had not one, but many goals, and he sought to achieve them: he received an education, studied the unknown, became the initiator and founder of the first university in Russia-Moscow. Of course, there were difficulties along the way. It was not easy for a Pomeranian peasant to break into the elite of society. And he did this, glorifying his name and Russia with his activities, because he clearly knew what he was striving for. |
Philosophy
"Public opinion rules people"
(Blaise Pascal. French mathematician, physicist, writer and scientist (1623-1662)
Answer:
Correct answer
| The main idea of the quote.
The statement of the French scientist and writer B. Pascal contains the idea of the importance of public opinion in people's lives. He believes that it literally rules people. We can partially agree with this opinion. Of course, people's opinions play an important role in a person's life, because he lives in society, so he must adhere to certain norms and traditions. However, everyone should have their own views and beliefs and clearly defend them, if they go against the public, one should not turn into part of the crowd, one should strive to be an individual, to defend justice. Terms. Man, society, public opinion, views, ideals, values, life position (active, passive), public control(formal, informal), personality, individuality. Arguments. 1. A striking example of the influence of society on human behavior, the formation of his views and values is the play by A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. The main thing in the “Famus society” is public opinion (remember, Famusov said: “What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say!”). In this circle, their ideals and values were formed, which people follow. Molchalin strives to become the same as all its members. Wealth, position in society, career, influence - this is the ideal of these people. And if someone does not want to obey the laws and traditions established by centuries, as Chatsky did, then such a person is simply expelled, calling him “crazy”. However, at any time there are and will be people who defend their positions if they see the injustice of the established norms and procedures. It is hard for Chatsky, he is alone in Famusov's house. But not alone in the country. It is for such people that the future lies, for those who want to sincerely serve “the cause, not individuals”, for the good of the Motherland. So public opinion does not always subjugate people. 2. World history knows many examples when people went against public opinion if it is contrary to the truth. In the "Encyclopedia for Children" of the publishing house "Avanta +" in the volume "Astronomy" there is an article about the activities of D. Bruno, an English scientist of the 16th century. His main ideas are set forth in the book "On the infinity of the universe and the worlds." He foresaw many scientific discoveries: about the boundlessness of the Universe, about numerous worlds unknown to people, supported the ideas of Copernicus about the round shape of the Earth revolving around the Sun. Bruno's ideas did not correspond to the views of the Catholic Church, so he was executed as a heretic. The life of a scientist is an example of how strong personalities defend their ideas, continue to learn the truth, despite the traditions of society and its opinion, if it is erroneous. |
SOCIAL STUDY - INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY
1. What is the oldest form of awareness of the surrounding world and a person's place in it?
A) Mythology + B) Pictography C) Philosophy D) Psychology
2. How did A. Toynbee name the civilizations that should arise on the basis of the formation of common religions?
A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary + D) Quaternary
3. Which estate in the Middle Ages had a monopoly on education for a long time?
A) Peasantry B) Chivalry C) Clergy + D) Aristocracy
4. What is the final element of society as a system?
A) Nature
Into the space
C) Relationships
D) Man +
5. What sphere of public life does public consciousness belong to?
A) Economic B) Social C) Political D) Spiritual
6. What form of government did Aristotle call "correct"?
A) Tyranny B) Monarchy + C) Ochlocracy D) Oligarchy
7. What stage of human development, according to Comte, correspond to the "positive sciences"?
A) Childhood B) Youth C) Adolescence D) Maturity +
8. What is included in a cosmogenic civilization?
A) Eastern society B) Western society
C) Eastern and Western society + D) None of the above
9. By what year did Oswald Spengler predict the decline of European culture?
A) 1900 B) 1950 C) 2000 + D) 2050
10. It is from this philosophical and religious trend that we learned that the world consists of two principles: Yin and Yang?
A) Mohism B) Taoism + C) Buddhism D) Confucianism
11. What word is translated from Latin as "civilian"?
A) State B) Civilization + C) Society D) Man
12. Which of the European thinkers of the Middle Ages wrote the book "City of the Sun" denying private property?
A) C. Fourier B) A. Saint-Simon C) T. More D) T. Campanella +
13. What, according to the theory of the social contract of Hobbes, was the initial state of society?
A) Chaos B) " cold war» C) "Peace between all" D) "War of all against all" +
14. What branch of government did Charles Montesquieu single out as special?
A) Anarchist B) Executive C) Judicial D) Legislative
15. Who put forward the idea that the means social control serve as "fear of the living" and "fear of the dead"?
A) E. Bernstein B) G. Spencer C) O. Comte D) M. Weber
16. Did the social cataclysms of the 20th century lead to the emergence of this trend in philosophy?
A) Existentialism + B) Communism C) Marxism D) Imperialism
17. What are the shortcomings of progress in one particular industry?
A) It can cause regression in other industries +
C) It is the result of a previous regression
C) It is not a general indicator
D) He has no flaws
18. Religiously industrial society is oriented towards this religion?
A) Christianity + B) Islam C) Buddhism D) Zoroastrianism
19. What is the name of the transition from one qualitative state to another in social science?
A) Revolution + B) Reform C) Innovation D) Globalization
20. In which city was the conference held in 1992 that adopted a declaration on the inextricable link between development and protection environment?
A) Asuncion B) Buenos Aires C) Rio de Janeiro + D) Quito
21. What is the name of the process of emergence and formation of society?
A) Anthropogenesis B) Sociogenesis + C) Genetics D) Ochlogenesis
22. What are the names of the instincts that provide the vital activity of the organism?
A) Intellectual B) Vital + C) Social D) Spiritual
23. Who from the listed list is the agent of primary socialization?
A) Journalist B) TV presenter C) Engineers D) Teacher +
24. Which of these scientists studied the unconscious?
A) C. Jung + B) O. Spengler C) F. Nietzsche D) F. Aquinas
25. To what type of needs does A. Maslow refer the need for self-esteem?
A) Physiological B) Prestigious C) Spiritual + D) Social
26. Which species is the first to appear in the process individual development human?
A) Game B) Communication + C) Teaching D) Labor
27. What is the name of the form of thought in which something is affirmed or denied through the connection of concepts?
A) Concept B) Judgment + C) Inference D) Representation
28. What is not part of rational knowledge?
A) Comparison B) Synthesis C) Generalization D) Feeling +
29. How empiricists view the process of obtaining complete knowledge about the environment?
A) Deny the possibility of obtaining true knowledge
B) Assign a decisive role to sensory cognition +
C) Consider reason as the criterion of truth
D) Recognize the possibility of knowing the world and man in it
30. What is the leading criterion of truth?
A) Complementarity B) Simulation C) Practice + D) Purpose
Option number 1
1. Definition: “The totality of ideas, views, theories, as well as feelings, habits and mores of a particular social community or group” refers to the concept
A) social conscience B) society
C) ordinary consciousness D) ideology
2. Automation of production is widespread in Russian society, and computerization is being successfully carried out. Which Additional Information will allow us to conclude that R.'s society is post-industrial?
A) the main product of production - industrial products
B) the main factor of production - knowledge
C) widespread use of mechanisms, technologies
D) class division of society
3. What sign characterizes a traditional society?
A) intensive urbanization B) the predominance of assigned social status
C) high social mobility D) growth in consumption
4. Are the following judgments about the similarities and differences between humans and animals correct?
A. Ants and other "social" animals work just like humans.
B. All animal individuals, unlike humans, always act according to the genetic program.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
5. The basis of human existence is
A) friendship B) love C) consumerism D) activity
6. Write down the missing word in the diagram.
Types ……………………….
traditional
industrial
post-industrial
7. Which characteristic is not suitable for a traditional society:
A) low level of social mobility
B) the dominance of religion, customs and traditions
C) the agrarian nature of the economy
D) globalization of life
8. A person's need for anything is:
A) abilities B) activities C) needs D) interest E) values
9. characteristic feature post-industrial society is:
A) extension industrial production
B) slowdown in development
C) the creation of mass culture
D) use of computer technology
10. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by:
A) the formation of a market economy
B) limited social mobility
C) the development of mass media
D) the organization of factory production
11. Social progress is expressed in:
A) progressive development of society B) links between society and nature
C) the stability of forms of social life D) the systemic structure of society
12. In the transition from a traditional society to an industrial one:
A) increased dominance Agriculture over industry
B) the importance of science and education has increased
B) increased class differences
D) the importance of collectivist values has increased as opposed to the values of individual freedom
13. Which of the following characterizes modern Western society?
A) an agrarian type of society
B) underdevelopment of private property institutions
C) the special value of human individuality
D) the predominance of collective forms of consciousness
14. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the industrial society. Find two terms that fall out of the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Mass culture, 2. Technology, 3. Community, 4. Private property, 5. castes , 6. Law, 7. Classes, 8. Ecological crisis, 9. Human rights and freedoms.
Test "Man and Society" Grade 10. Profile
Option number 2
1. Man, according to modern ideas, is a creature
A) spiritual B) social C) biological D) biosocial
2. V. society is dominated by the rural population, whose ideal is the observance of customs and piety. Savings are insignificant and are spent not on production, but on consumption. State property dominates. What type of society does V. belong to?
A) post-industrial B) industrial C) traditional G) informational
3. Petrovsky transformations of the 18th century. are an example
A) stagnation B) counter-reforms C) evolution D) modernization
4. Definition: "Directed development, which is characterized by the transition from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect" refers to the concept
A) stagnation B) progress C) regression D) modernization
5. Are the following judgments about industrial society correct?
A. Industrial society is economically characterized by machine production, a conveyor belt, standardization, and a scientific organization of labor.
B. An industrial society is politically characterized by a despotic regime.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
6. An industrial society differs from a traditional one in that :
A) there is a strict division of people into classes, castes
B) there are no social conflicts in it
C) communal principles of social life dominate in it
D) the centers of socio-economic life become industrial enterprises
7. Write the missing word in the diagram:
needs
natural social _____________________
8. The separation of craft and agriculture that occurred in antiquity testifies to:
A) scientific and technological revolution B) social reform
C) social progress D) regression of society
9. The concept of "element", "structure", "relationship" is used when considering
societies like:
A) human habitat B) dynamic system
IN) complete system D) a detached part of the material world
10. Traditional society as opposed to industrial:
A) has a class stratification B) is open
C) is based on a religious worldview D) supports science as a social institution
11. What contributes to the process of globalization in modern world?
A) the development of means of transport and communication B) the size of the middle class grew
C) development of the service sector D) deepening social differentiation
12. What sign refers to an industrial society?
A) the leading role of agriculture B) the predominance of industry
C) a weak level of division of labor D) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy
13. Reform as opposed to revolution:
A) is comprehensive
B) is a form of social dynamics
C) is carried out, as a rule, on the initiative from above
D) leads to profound changes in social life
14. The concept of "development", "interaction of elements" characterizes society as :
A) a dynamic system
B) part of nature
C) the entire surrounding material world
D) the interaction of people in social groups.
15. A quick jump-like transition from one socio-political system to another is called
A) progress B) revolution C) evolution D) regression
16. Find in the list below the signs that characterize the development of post-industrial civilization in the modern world and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Expansion of virtual communications.
2. Low level social mobility.
3. The natural character of the economy.
4. Unity of the world economic space.
5. Multivariate development and diversity of forms of existence of human society.
KEY to the Test "Man and Society" Grade 10. Profile
Option number 1
1- A 2- C 3- B 4- B 5- C 6- 2 7- D 8- Companies 9- D 10- C
11- D 12- B 13- C 14- 1 15- A 16- B 17- C 18- B 19- 3.5
Option number 2
1- D 2- C 3- C 4- D 5- B 6- 1 7- D 8- spiritual 9- C 10- C
11- C 12- A 13- B 14- 3 15- C 16- A 17- B 18- 3 19- 1.4.5
Test "Man and Society" Grade 10.
Option number 1
1. Definition: “The totality of ideas, views, theories, as well as feelings, habits and mores of a particular social community or group” refers to the concept
A) social conscienceB)society
C) ordinary consciousness D) ideology
2. Ivan - tall, thin, with beautiful features, courageous, prudent, slow and cautious. All this characterizes Ivan as
A) personality B) citizen C) personality D) professional
3. Automation of production is widespread in R.'s society, and computerization is being successfully carried out. What additional information will allow us to conclude that R.'s society is post-industrial?
A) the main product of production - industrial products
B) the main factor of production - knowledge
C) widespread use of mechanisms, technologies
D) class division of society
4. What sign characterizes a traditional society?
A) intensive urbanization B) the predominance of assigned social status
C) high social mobility D) growth in consumption
5. Meaningful drivers of human activity include
A) habits B) drives C) motives D) emotions
6. Are the following judgments about the similarities and differences between humans and animals correct?
A. Ants and other "social" animals work just like humans.
B. All animal individuals, unlike humans, always act according to the genetic program.
7. The basis of human existence is
A) friendship B) love C) consumerism D)activity
8. Write down the missing word in the diagram.
Types ……………………….
industrial
post-industrial
9. Which characteristic is not suitable for a traditional society:
A) low level of social mobility
B) the dominance of religion, customs and traditions
C) the agrarian nature of the economy
D) globalization of life
10. A person's need for anything is:
A) abilities B) activities C) needs D) interest E) values
11. A characteristic feature of a post-industrial society is:
A) industrial expansion
B) slowdown in development
C) the creation of mass culture
D) use of computer technology
12. The emergence of transnational corporations in modern society, the development of international trade are a manifestation of the trend:
A) modernization B)globalization C) democratization D) informatization
13. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by:
A) the formation of a market economy
B) limited social mobility
C) the development of mass media
D) the organization of factory production
14. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization correct?
A) the development of mass communications makes the modern world more holistic
B) all global problems are a consequence of economic integration
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
15. Social progress is expressed in:
A) progressive development of society B) links between society and nature
C) the stability of forms of social life D) the systemic structure of society
16. In the transition from a traditional society to an industrial one:
A) the dominance of agriculture over industry
B) the importance of science and education has increased
B) increased class differences
D) the importance of collectivist values has increased as opposed to the values of individual freedom
17. Which of the following characterizes modern Western society?
A) an agrarian type of society
B) underdevelopment of private property institutions
C) the special value of human individuality
D) the predominance of collective forms of consciousness
18. At the core civilizational approach to the study of society:
A) highlighting the general B) highlighting the special
C) the development of the mind D) the development of morality.
19. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the industrial society. Find two terms that fall out of the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Mass culture, 2. Technology, 3. Community, 4. Private property, 5. castes, 6. Law, 7. Classes, 8. Ecological crisis, 9. Human rights and freedoms.
Test "Man and Society" Grade 10. Profile
Option number 2
1. Man, according to modern ideas, is a creature
A) spiritual B) social C) biological D) biosocial
2. Population grows faster in the less developed countries of Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America which sharply exacerbates the problems of housing, education, medical care and, above all, food. According to experts, over 80% of the world's population will live in these countries in the future. On the other hand, in a number of countries and regions of the world, including Western Europe and in Russia, there is a threatening decline in the population and its significant aging. This situation is indicative of a global problem
A) war and peace B) economic C) demographic D) energy
3. V. society is dominated by the rural population, whose ideal is the observance of customs and piety. Savings are insignificant and are spent not on production, but on consumption. State property dominates. What type of society does V. belong to?
A) post-industrial B) industrial
B) traditionalG)informational
4. Petrovsky transformations of the 18th century. are an example
A) stagnation B) counter-reforms C) evolution D) modernization
5. Definition: "Directed development, which is characterized by a transition from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect" refers to the concept
A) stagnation B)progress C) regression D) modernization
6. Are the following judgments about industrial society correct?
A. Industrial society is economically characterized by machine production, a conveyor belt, standardization, and a scientific organization of labor.
B. An industrial society is politically characterized by a despotic regime.
1) only A is correct2) only B is correct3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
7. An industrial society differs from a traditional one in that:
A) there is a strict division of people into classes, castes
B) there are no social conflicts in it
C) communal principles of social life dominate in it
D) industrial enterprises become the centers of socio-economic life
8. Write the missing word in the diagram:
Natural, social, ______________ needs_______
9. The separation of craft and agriculture that occurred in antiquity testifies to:
A) scientific and technological revolution B) social reform
C) social progress D) regression of society
10. The concept of "element", "structure", "relationship" is used when considering
societies like:
A) human habitat B) dynamic system
C) an integral system D) a detached part of the material world
11. Traditional society, unlike industrial:
A) has a class stratification B) is open
C) is based on a religious worldview D) supports science as a social institution
12. What contributes to the process of globalization in the modern world?
A) the development of means of transport and communication B) the size of the middle class grew
C) development of the service sector D) deepening social differentiation
13. What sign refers to an industrial society?
A) the leading role of agriculture B) the predominance of industry
C) a weak level of division of labor D) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy
14. Are the following judgments about social progress correct?
A) one of the criteria for social progress is the sustainable economic growth of most states in the modern world
B) the most obvious consequences of social progress in the sphere of material production
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
15. Reform as opposed to revolution:
A) is comprehensive
B) is a form of social dynamics
C) is carried out, as a rule, on the initiative from above
D) leads to profound changes in social life
16. The concept of "development", "interaction of elements" characterizes society as:
A) a dynamic system
B) part of nature
C) the entire surrounding material world
D) the interaction of people in social groups.
17. A quick jump-like transition from one socio-political system to another is called
A) progress B)revolution C) evolution D) regression
18. Are the following judgments about social progress correct?
A. Progress in one area of social life may be accompanied by regression in another.
B. Social progress can be graphically depicted as an ascending broken line.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both statements are true4 ) both statements are wrong
19. Find in the list below the signs that characterize the development of post-industrial civilization in the modern world and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Expansion of virtual communications.
2. Low level of social mobility.
3. The natural character of the economy.
4. Unity of the world economic space.
5. Multivariate development and diversity of forms of existence of human society.
KEY to the Test "Man and Society" Grade 10.
Option number 1
1- A 2- C 3- B 4- B 5- C 6- 2 7- D 8- Companies 9- D 10- C
11- D 12- B 13- C 14- 1 15- A 16- B 17- C 18- B 19- 3.5
Option number 2
1- D 2- C 3- C 4- D 5- B 6- 1 7- D 8- spiritual 9- C 10- C
11- C 12- A 13- B 14- 3 15- C 16- A 17- B 18- 3 19- 1.4.5
TEST No. 1. 9 CLASS. Blok Man and society. Systems approach to social events.
1. Find the society as a dynamic system in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) isolation from nature
2) the presence of subsystems subject to change
3) isolation of elements
4) self-organization and self-development
5) the emergence of new elements and connections
6) multidimensionality and integrity
Answer: 2456
2. Establish a correspondence between the spheres of society and the given characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 12221
3. Find in the list below examples of the direct impact of the economy on social sphere public life.
1) adoption of state educational standards
2) delayed salary due to the bankruptcy of the enterprise
3) introduction of censorship on state television
4) state guarantee of bank deposits
5) construction by the factory of housing for workers
6) creation of new jobs
4. Write down the word missing in the table.
Social institutions and their functions
Answer: state
5. Select the correct judgments about social institutions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Social institutions are considered by science as historically established sustainable forms of organization joint activities of people.
2) Since society is a dynamic system, some social institutions may disappear, while others may appear.
3) Social institutions represent certain stages of the historical development of mankind.
4) Social institutions are certain stereotypes human behavior.
5) Social institutions are created by people who unite for joint activities and communication.
6. Establish a correspondence between the components of society and examples: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 12121
7. Name three signs of a social institution and explain each of them with a specific example.
The correct answer may include the following:
The presence of a role system - the main roles are defined (for example, in a family there are roles of husband and wife, parents and children, older and younger family members, etc.);
The presence of a set of institutions (for example, an educational institution includes a network of schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, universities, the Ministry of Education, etc.);
Presence of regulatory rules (for example, in the state, the main law of the country, the Constitution, can be adopted, in accordance with which the rest are adopted regulations governing the activities of authorities, etc.);
The presence of socially important functions (for example, the function of science is the accumulation and systematization of objective knowledge about reality).
8. In the knowledge of society, in contrast to the knowledge of nature
1) no hypotheses are put forward
2) the role of the value attitudes of the cognizer is significant
3) no modeling method is used
4) truth is relative
5) the object and subject of knowledge coincide
6) it is difficult to identify objective laws
9. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
“The concept of “society” has many meanings. Often, a society is understood as a social _______ (A), united by a common _______ (B) of its members, for example, a noble society, or a community _______ (C). Sociologists call society a dynamic _______ (G), emphasizing the connection between the various components of social life and their changes in the course of historical development. These changes may be gradual or they may be accelerated by _______ (Y) or through reforms. Reforms, as a rule, change any one side of life while maintaining the foundations of the existing _______ (E). By resolving the contradictions that really exist in society, the reforms pave the way for something new.”
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
1) system
2) structure
4) revolution
5) interest
6) progress
7) social status
10. Choose the correct judgments about society and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Society is part of nature.
2) Nature completely determines the development of society.
3) modern society inherent class structure.
4) The totality of all the peoples inhabiting our planet is a society.
5) Society can be called a certain stage in the historical development of mankind.
11. Establish a correspondence between the spheres of society and social institutions: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 21122
12. Choose the right judgments about spiritual culture and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Spiritual culture is one of the spheres of human activity in society.
2) Spiritual culture includes cognitive activity and its results.
3) The objects of spiritual culture are ideology, morality, artistic creativity.
4) Spiritual culture is an artificial environment surrounding a person.
5) Spiritual culture includes material and spiritual values created by man.
13. Select the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) In a narrow sense, society is surrounding a person material world.
2) In a broad sense, society is understood as the entire population of the earth, the totality of all peoples and countries.
3) The dynamism of social institutions is manifested in their isolation from nature.
4) Social institutions arose in connection with the objective need to regulate a variety of social relations.
5) Education as a social institution combines with other social institutions the existence organizational structure And social norms.
Answer: 245.
14. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social institution"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about social institutions in the economic sphere, and one sentence revealing any of the functions of social institutions.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: A social institution is a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities aimed at meeting the basic needs of society.
2) one sentence with information about social institutions in the economic sphere, for example: Social institutions in the economic sphere include the market, entrepreneurship, banking, etc.
3) one sentence, revealing, based on knowledge of the course, any of the functions of social institutions, for example: Social institutions streamline, coordinate individual actions of people, give them an organized and predictable character.
15. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Peculiarities of social cognition." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.
One of the options for the disclosure of this topic:
1) Social cognition - knowledge of society and man.
2) The specifics of social cognition:
a) the coincidence of the cognizing subject and the cognized object;
b) close connection with the practical interests of individuals;
c) a critical view of society and the value coloring of knowledge about it;
d) the complexity of the object of social cognition, due to which social laws are of a probabilistic nature;
e) limited scope of the experiment.
3) Basic methods of social cognition:
a) historical (consideration of social objects in development);
b) comparative (consideration of social objects in comparison, comparison with similar ones);
c) system-analytical (consideration of social objects in integrity and interaction with each other).
4) Functions of social cognition:
a) identifying the causes and consequences of social processes;
b) understanding the qualitative characteristics of social objects;
c) use of the results in the implementation social management;
d) coordination of public interests, optimization of social processes.
5) Social cognition as a necessary condition for the improvement and development of society.
TEST No. 2. 9 CLASS. Blok Man and society. Types community development.
1. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, characterize the dynamic nature of society.
1) development, 2) static, 3) regression, 4) recession, 5) progress, 6) consistency.
Find two terms that “fall out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
2. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts of the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.
reform, 2) revolution 3) social dynamics, 4) evolution, 5) social regression.
3. Choose the correct judgments about society and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) One of the criteria for social progress is related to the achieved level of material and technical development of society.
2) Society performs the function of reproduction and socialization of man.
3) An integral feature of the development of any society is the degradation to the already obsolete social structures and relationships.
4) A revolution is called a phased transformation associated with a change in any aspect of public life.
5) Society is a complex static system.
4. Which of the listed social facts illustrate the inconsistency of social progress? Write down all the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) obtaining new materials as a result of the development of nanotechnology
2) increase in labor productivity as a result of rationalization of the organizational structure of production
3) the mental dependence of the masses of people on access to the Internet as a result of the emergence of online games and social networks
4) the possibility of rapid replication of information as a result of the development of computer technology
5) the occurrence of organically non-recyclable waste in the process of high-tech production
6) the emergence of "ghost towns" as a result of population migration to large metropolitan areas
5. In the countryZ extensive technology and hand tools predominate. What other signs indicate that the country Zdevelops as a traditional society? write downnumbersunder which they are listed.
The main social units are the tribe and the extended family.
The urban population is growing
Oral information prevails over written
Infrastructure is rapidly developing
Scientific knowledge is widely disseminated
Dominated by subsistence farming
6. Establish a correspondence between the distinctive features and types of societies: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 32132
7. In the countryZ urban population growing faster than agriculture. What other signs indicate that the countryZdevelops as an industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The state guaranteed the personal freedom of citizens and creates conditions for the self-realization of the individual.
2) There is a formation of a class structure.
3) Religious organizations play a key role in public life.
4) Natural exchange (barter) prevails.
5) There was a mechanization of production.
6) Production is concentrated at large enterprises, in industrial regions.
Answer: 156.
8. Establish a correspondence between the distinctive features and types of societies: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 22121
9. Find in the list the features inherent in a post-industrial society. write downnumbersunder which they are listed.
Development of the service sector
The growth of the working class
Lack of social stratification
Usage information technologies
New intellectual opportunities
10. Establish a correspondence between the distinctive features and types of societies: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 32311
11. Choose the right judgments about the global problems of modern humanity and write downnumbersunder which they are listed.
Global problems are a set of problems on the solution of which the future of mankind depends.
Global problems can be solved independently individual countries peace
The "North-South" problem manifests itself in the gap in the levels economic development countries of the world
One of the negative results of human economic activity has been the depletion natural resources
All global problems are a consequence of economic globalization
12. Establish a correspondence between the processes of globalization and its consequences: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 21121
13.Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the concept of "social regression".
1) movement; 2) change; 3) technological revolution; 4) improvement; 5) decline; 6) degradation.
14. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts of the series below, and highlight the number under which it is indicated.
1) integration; 2) growth; 3) differentiation; 4) social dynamics; 5) innovation; 6) degradation; 7) evolution.
15. Select the correct judgments about society and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Society is an integral self-organizing system of relationships between people.
2) In the structure of society, economic, political, social and spiritual subsystems are distinguished.
3) Social institutions organize the satisfaction of certain needs of society and man.
4) The dynamism of social institutions is manifested in their isolation from the natural environment.
5) Social regression is the direction of development from lower and simpler forms public organization to higher and more complex ones.
TEST No. 3. 9 CLASS. Blok Man and society. Society and nature. Biosocial essence of man. Thinking and activity.
1. Find social phenomena in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) the emergence of the state
2) a person's genetic predisposition to certain diseases
3) mental qualities of a person
4) forming nations
5) creating new scientific directions
6) the ability of a person to sensory perception of the world
Answer: 145.
2. Establish a correspondence between the features of behavioral activity characteristic of a person and the behavioral activity characteristic of animals: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer: 21112
3. Ivan completed the task on the topic: "Man as a result of biological and sociocultural evolution." He wrote out from the textbook the traits characteristic of a person. Which of them reflect the specifics of the social nature of man, in contrast to the animal? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) use of objects given by nature
2) the ability to set goals
3) care for offspring
4) adaptation to environmental conditions
5) the desire to understand the world
6) communication through articulate speech
4. Establish a correspondence between examples and sides of a person's essence: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.
Answer: 12122
5. Below is a list of qualities inherent in a person. All of them, with the exception of two, are of a social nature.
1) initiative, 2) temperament, 3) tolerance, 4) responsibility, 5) inclinations, 6) diligence.
Find two terms that "fall out" of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
6. Write down the word missing in the table.
Answer: activities.
7. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps
“A person who actively explores and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is ______ (A). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed _____ (B): intellectual, emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that _____ (C) in joint activities with other people cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _____ (D). Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, relationships to the world and with the world, to oneself and oneself. It is characterized by _____ (D), i.e. striving to go beyond its own limits, to develop, to expand the scope of its activities, is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience. This is a person who has his own ____ (E) in life, who shows independence of thought, is responsible for his choice.
Words (phrases) in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word (phrase) after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words (phrases) in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
1. individual
2. quality
3. need
4. education
5th position
6. socialization
7. personality
8. activity
9. individuality
Answer: 721685
8. Kirill is 17 years old. Find in the list of traits that characterize him as a person. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Cyril has blond hair and blue eyes.
2) Kirill's height is 180 cm.
3) Kirill helps his parents take care of his sick grandmother.
4) Kirill goes in for athletics.
5) Cyril is a kind and sympathetic person.
6) Kirill studies well at school.
Answer: 3456
9. Claudia is preparing for a trip to Spain. She studies Spanish, reads books about the history and culture of Spain, communicates with connoisseurs of Spanish art on Internet forums. She has already planned the route of her trip and purchased a ticket. Find examples of the means used by Claudius to achieve the goal in the list below, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) study Spanish
2) purchase of a tourist voucher
3) Internet communication
4) reading books about Spain
5) connoisseurs of Spanish art
6) a trip to Spain
Answer: 1234
10. Write down the word missing in the table.
Characteristics of human qualities
Answer: Ability
11. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, refer to the concept of "human biological needs".
1) reproduction of the family, 2) self-realization, 3) nutrition, 4) breathing, 5) movement, 6) communication, 7) rest.
Find two terms that "fall out" of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
12. Select the correct judgments about the person and his needs and write downnumbersunder which they are listed.
Each person has a biological and socio-psychological individuality.
An individual is a single representative of humanity
The natural (biological) needs of a person traditionally include the need for knowledge of the world around
Individual needs of people may conflict with social needs
The social nature of a person is manifested in the anatomical and physical features, the structure of various organ systems, instincts and reflexes.
13. Establish a correspondence between examples and sides of a person's essence: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.
Answer: 32123
14. Select from the proposed list of social facts that contain a manifestation of the basic social (existential) needs of the individual and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) In the workforce, where the graduate of the economic university came, at first it was not easy for her, many issues differed significantly from the university knowledge, but more experienced, senior colleagues helped her with their advice to get up to speed
2) For a young man, his social circle, friends and girlfriends are extremely important, you can discuss with them, sometimes what you can’t discuss with either parents or teachers
3) The young man has succeeded in the tourism business, having created a large company specializing in the field of extreme tourism, but now he is more concerned about the fame of a patron of young talents; he recently established a scholarship for young scientists
4) Every last Saturday of the month, the professor dedicates a trip to the conservatory to chamber music concerts
5) Each person needs to maintain the thermal balance of the body, so in winter we wear mittens, warm boots and jackets
6) In the family, each person gains protection from troubles and hardships big world, which surrounds it, it is no coincidence that it says "my house, my fortress."
15. Select the correct judgments about the activity and write downnumbersunder which they are listed.
Activities related to the satisfaction of human needs, social group, society as a whole.
Creative activity is inherent in both man and animal.
As a result labor activity material and spiritual values are created
The same kind of activity can be called with different motives of people.
The structure of activity presupposes the presence of a goal and means to achieve it.
Answer: 1345
16. Establish a correspondence between activities and their examples: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| ACTIVITIES |
|
| A) Volcanologists mapped possible volcanic eruptions next year B) the government approved the introduction of new tariffs C) at the beginning of the year, new state standards in education D) small businesses produce parts for a large car factory E) economists have suggested how financial markets will develop after the global crisis E) a large company began developing a new gas field on the Arctic shelf | 1) material and production 2) socially transformative 3) predictive |
17. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
“In work, teaching, ___________ (A) all aspects of the psyche are formed and manifest.
A special question arises as to how relatively stable mental properties are formed and consolidated. The mental properties of ___________ (B) - her abilities and character traits - are formed in the course of life. Congenital ___________ (C) of the organism are only ___________ (D) - very ambiguous, which determine, but do not predetermine the mental properties of a person. Based on the same inclinations, a person can develop different properties - ___________ (D) and character traits, depending on the course of his life and ___________ (E) not only appear, but also form. In work, study and labor, the abilities of people are formed and worked out; character is formed and tempered in life's deeds and deeds.
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
1) feature
2) ability
3) personality
5) society
6) makings
7) communication
8) activity
Answer: 1938756
18. Choose the correct judgments about freedom and write downnumbersunder which they are listed.
1) Human freedom is manifested in the absence of responsibility for committed actions.
2) Human freedom is the basis of behavior aimed solely at obtaining pleasure
3) Human freedom includes freedom of movement and residence, freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of speech and expression, freedom to privacy, to private life
4) Freedom is the right to limit oneself out of respect and love for others.
5) Freedom is the ability to make any decisions at will and be fully responsible for the consequences of the decisions made.
19. Choose the correct judgments about the ratio of freedom, necessity and responsibility in human activities and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The variety of choices limits the freedom in human activities.
2) One of the manifestations of the need for human activity is the objective laws of the development of nature.
3) The responsibility of a person increases in conditions of a limited choice of behavior strategies in certain situations.
4) Unlimited freedom is an unconditional blessing for the individual and society.
5) The readiness of a person to evaluate his actions in terms of their consequences for others is one of the manifestations of a sense of responsibility.
20. Choose the correct judgments about a person and write downnumbersunder which they are listed.
1) The spiritual (ideal) needs of a person traditionally include the need for air, nutrition, maintaining normal heat exchange.
2) The natural (biological) needs of a person include the need for knowledge of the world, the achievement of harmony and beauty; religious faith, artistic creativity and so on.
3) Activity is a specific way of human existence.
4) Needs - this is a person's experience of the need for what is necessary to maintain life and develop the personality.
5) Only a person is able to consciously transform the surrounding reality, create the benefits and values he needs.
